CN114865134A - Method for efficiently recycling electrolyte of waste lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Method for efficiently recycling electrolyte of waste lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114865134A
CN114865134A CN202210608686.7A CN202210608686A CN114865134A CN 114865134 A CN114865134 A CN 114865134A CN 202210608686 A CN202210608686 A CN 202210608686A CN 114865134 A CN114865134 A CN 114865134A
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China
Prior art keywords
electrolyte
salt solution
dimethyl carbonate
washing
lithium ion
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CN202210608686.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
谭明亮
李长东
阮丁山
周游
王娇萍
陈嵩
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Hunan Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd
Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd
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Hunan Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd
Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd
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Application filed by Hunan Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd, Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Hunan Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd
Priority to CN202210608686.7A priority Critical patent/CN114865134A/en
Publication of CN114865134A publication Critical patent/CN114865134A/en
Priority to DE112023000108.1T priority patent/DE112023000108T5/en
Priority to PCT/CN2023/081684 priority patent/WO2023231508A1/en
Priority to GB2318911.1A priority patent/GB2622974A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for efficiently recovering electrolyte of a waste lithium ion battery, which comprises the steps of crushing the waste lithium ion battery to obtain a crushed material with the electrolyte, washing the crushed material in a salt solution, carrying out solid-liquid separation after washing to obtain a filtrate, standing and layering the filtrate to obtain a water phase and an organic phase, mixing the organic phase with methanol, and distilling a dimethyl carbonate crude product under the conditions that the temperature is 60-100 ℃ and the vacuum degree is 10-80 kPa. The method utilizes the salt solution to wash, solute which does not react with the electrolyte is dissolved in the salt solution, so that the density of the water phase is increased, the electrolyte and the water phase can float on the water phase in a layered manner, the electrolyte and the water phase are separated, part of metal cations in partial salt enter an organic phase in the washing process of the salt solution, the carbonic ester and the methanol generate ester exchange reaction under the catalysis of the metal cations to generate the dimethyl carbonate, the temperature is controlled to evaporate out a dimethyl carbonate crude product, and the distilled carbonic ester product has high purity and can be sold in the market.

Description

Method for efficiently recycling electrolyte of waste lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery material recycling, and particularly relates to a method for efficiently recycling electrolyte of a waste lithium ion battery.
Background
The electrolyte in the lithium ion battery accounts for about 17% of the total weight of the battery, and is generally prepared from carbonate organic solvents such as Ethylene Carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF), an electrolyte lithium salt 6 ) And additives, part of lithium ions in the lithium ion battery can be transferred into the electrolyte in the using process, the lithium content in the electrolyte of the waste lithium ion battery can reach 7-14g/L, and the lithium ion battery has higher recovery value.
The biggest problem of lithium ion electrolyte recovery at present is: 1. electrolyte collection problem: electrolyte in the lithium ion battery is distributed between the positive and negative pole pieces and the diaphragm, when the electrolyte is poured out of the battery, most of the electrolyte is between the pole pieces and the diaphragm, and the electrolyte which can be directly poured out of the battery is little. 2. Carbonate recovery problems: the carbonic ester products obtained by direct vacuum distillation are reported in the literature at present, but the carbonic ester products obtained by vacuum distillation are not single carbonic ester but contain a mixture of several carbonic esters, are difficult to reuse and are difficult to sell in the market.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art described above. Therefore, the invention provides a method for efficiently recycling the electrolyte of the waste lithium ion battery, which can economically and efficiently collect the electrolyte, and the distilled carbonate product has high purity.
According to one aspect of the invention, a method for efficiently recycling electrolyte of a waste lithium ion battery is provided, which comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing the waste lithium ion battery to obtain a crushed material with an electrolyte, placing the crushed material in a salt solution for washing, and performing solid-liquid separation after washing to obtain a filtrate;
s2: standing and layering the filtrate to obtain a water phase and an organic phase;
s3: mixing the organic phase with methanol, and distilling out the crude dimethyl carbonate product under the conditions of temperature of 60-100 ℃ and vacuum degree of 10-80 kPa.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S1, the electrolyte comprises the following components: 1-2mol/L of lithium salt, 40-60 v% of dimethyl carbonate, 5-25 v% of methyl ethyl carbonate, 10-25 v% of ethylene carbonate and 0-10 v% of propylene carbonate. The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S1, the salt solution is a neutral salt solution. Further, the salt in the salt solution is selected from one or more of sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium chloride or potassium sulfate.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the mass concentration of the salt solution is 5 to 25%, and the liquid-solid ratio of the salt solution to the crushed material is (2 to 8): 1L/kg.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S1, the washing is performed at a stirring speed of 60-400 r/min.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S1, the washing time is 5-30 min.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S2, the aqueous phase is returned to step S1 for the washing.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S2, the standing time for layering is 0.5-3 h.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S3, the volume ratio of the organic phase to methanol is 1: (0.2-1).
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S3, the raw dimethyl carbonate is subjected to freezing crystallization, and the obtained crystals of dimethyl carbonate are heated and melted to obtain pure dimethyl carbonate. Further, the temperature of the frozen crystal is-5-3 ℃.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S3, the temperature is raised to 55-80 ℃ under normal pressure for 1-3h before the distillation.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S3, the residue after distillation is subjected to the next lithium extraction process. The residual liquid after distillation can be further separated and purified by a rectification method to obtain byproducts such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and the like.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least the following advantages are provided:
the main component of the electrolyte in the lithium ion battery is carbonic ester, the carbonic ester is insoluble in water, the density of the carbonic ester is close to the density of water, the carbonic ester is not dissolved in water or separated from water when being mixed with water, and small liquid drops are formed in the water and are difficult to separate from the water. The invention utilizes salt solution with certain concentration to wash, solute which does not react with electrolyte is dissolved in the salt solution, so that the density of the water phase is increased, the density of the electrolyte is lower than that of the water phase, the electrolyte can be layered with the water phase and float on the water phase, and the layering of the electrolyte and the water is realized; meanwhile, in the washing process of the salt solution, part of metal cations in part of salt enter an organic phase, and the carbonic ester and the methanol generate ester exchange reaction to generate dimethyl carbonate under the catalytic action of the metal cations, wherein the part of the reaction formula is as follows: (CH) 2 O) 2 CO (ethylene carbonate) +2CH 3 OH→(CH 3 O) 2 CO+HOCH 2 CH 2 OH、C 4 H 6 O 3 (propylene carbonate) +2CH 3 OH→(CH 3 O) 2 CO+CH 3 CHOHCH 2 OH, the boiling points of the generated ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and other carbonates are higher than 100 ℃, and the boiling point of the dimethyl carbonate is only 90 ℃, so that the crude dimethyl carbonate product can be steamed at a controllable temperature, and the dimethyl carbonate can be purified by a freezing crystallization method. The method can economically and efficiently collect the electrolyte, and the distilled carbonate product has high purity and can be sold in the market.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for efficiently recycling electrolyte of a waste lithium ion battery refers to FIG. 1, and the specific process is as follows:
taking 5kg of waste ternary lithium battery, crushing the waste ternary lithium battery by using a crusher after discharging the power, releasing the electrolyte in the lithium ion battery, adding 20L of sodium sulfate salt water with the concentration of 10% into the crushed battery fragments with the electrolyte, stirring and washing the battery fragments at normal temperature for 10min, fishing out coarse battery fragments by using a coarse strainer after washing, removing fine slag by suction filtration, standing the filtered solution in a separating barrel for 0.5h, separating out a water phase and the electrolyte, returning the water phase to the previous step to clean the battery fragments, separating and collecting 600mL of the electrolyte, adding 200mL of methanol into the collected electrolyte, heating the solution to 60 ℃ at normal pressure in a rotary evaporator for reaction for 2h, distilling the solution for 1h under the conditions of vacuum degree of 30kPa and distillation temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain 500mL of distillate, feeding the distilled residual liquid into the next lithium extraction process, freezing the distillate in an ice box for 1h under the condition of 0 ℃, centrifugally filtering under the condition of freezing at 0 ℃ to obtain dimethyl carbonate crystals, placing the dimethyl carbonate crystal in room temperature to melt to obtain 400mL of dimethyl carbonate product, and detecting the purity of the dimethyl carbonate by GC-MS to be 99%.
Example 2
A method for efficiently recovering electrolyte of a waste lithium ion battery comprises the following specific processes:
taking 5kg of waste ternary lithium battery, crushing the waste ternary lithium battery by using a crusher after discharging the power, releasing the electrolyte in the lithium ion battery, adding the crushed battery fragments with the electrolyte into 15L of sodium chloride brine with the concentration of 15%, stirring and washing the battery fragments for 20min at normal temperature, fishing out coarse battery fragments by using a coarse filter screen after washing, removing fine slag by suction filtration, standing the filtered solution in a separating barrel for 1h, separating out a water phase and the electrolyte, returning the water phase to the previous step to clean the battery fragments, separating and collecting 540mL of the electrolyte, adding 150mL of methanol into the collected electrolyte, heating the solution to 60 ℃ at normal pressure in a rotary evaporator to react for 2h, distilling the solution for 1h under the conditions of vacuum degree of 40kPa and distillation temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain 420mL of distillate, feeding the distillation residue into the next lithium extraction process, freezing the distillate in an ice box for 1h under the condition of 0 ℃, and centrifuging and filtering the distillation under the condition of 0 ℃ to obtain dimethyl carbonate, the dimethyl carbonate crystal is placed at room temperature to be melted to obtain 340mL of dimethyl carbonate product, and the purity of the dimethyl carbonate is 99 percent by GC-MS detection.
Example 3
A method for efficiently recovering electrolyte of a waste lithium ion battery comprises the following specific processes:
taking 5kg of waste ternary lithium battery, crushing the battery by using a crusher after discharging the battery to release the electrolyte in the lithium ion battery, adding 25L of potassium sulfate saline with the concentration of 20% into the crushed battery fragments with the electrolyte, stirring and washing the battery fragments for 20min at normal temperature, fishing out coarse battery fragments by using a coarse filter screen after washing, removing fine slag by suction filtration, standing the filtered solution in a separating barrel for 0.5h, separating out a water phase and the electrolyte, returning the water phase to the previous step to clean the battery fragments, separating and collecting 620mL of electrolyte, adding 200mL of methanol into the collected electrolyte, heating the solution to 60 ℃ at normal pressure in a rotary evaporator to react for 2h, distilling the solution for 1h under the conditions of 20kPa vacuum degree and 80 ℃ to obtain 540mL of distillate, feeding the distilled residual liquid into the next lithium extraction process, freezing the distillate in an ice box for 1h under the condition of 0 ℃, centrifugally filtering the distillate under the condition of 0 ℃ to obtain dimethyl carbonate crystals, the dimethyl carbonate crystal is placed at room temperature to be melted to obtain 420mL of dimethyl carbonate product, and the purity of the dimethyl carbonate is 99 percent by GC-MS detection.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. When "mass, concentration, temperature, time, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or as a range defined by a list of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, a range of 1 to 50 should be understood to include any number, combination of numbers, or subrange selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50, and all fractional values between the above integers, e.g., 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9. With respect to sub-ranges, specifically consider "nested sub-ranges" that extend from any endpoint within the range. For example, nested sub-ranges of exemplary ranges 1-50 may include 1-10, 1-20, 1-30, and 1-40 in one direction, or 50-40, 50-30, 50-20, and 50-10 in another direction. ".

Claims (10)

1. A method for efficiently recovering electrolyte of a waste lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: crushing the waste lithium ion battery to obtain a crushed material with an electrolyte, placing the crushed material in a salt solution for washing, and performing solid-liquid separation after washing to obtain a filtrate;
s2: standing and layering the filtrate to obtain a water phase and an organic phase;
s3: mixing the organic phase with methanol, and distilling to obtain crude dimethyl carbonate product at 60-100 deg.C and 10-80 kPa.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the salt solution is a neutral salt solution; the salt in the salt solution is selected from one or more of sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium chloride or potassium sulfate.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the salt solution has a mass concentration of 5-25%, and the liquid-solid ratio of the salt solution to the crushed material is (2-8): 1L/kg.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the washing is performed at a stirring speed of 60-400r/min in step S1.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the washing time is 5-30min in step S1.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the aqueous phase is returned to step S1 for said washing.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the standing time for layering is 0.5-3 h.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the volume ratio of the organic phase to the methanol is 1: (0.2-1).
9. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the raw dimethyl carbonate is subjected to freezing crystallization, and the obtained crystals of dimethyl carbonate are heated to melt to obtain pure dimethyl carbonate.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the residue after distillation is subjected to a next lithium extraction process.
CN202210608686.7A 2022-05-31 2022-05-31 Method for efficiently recycling electrolyte of waste lithium ion battery Pending CN114865134A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210608686.7A CN114865134A (en) 2022-05-31 2022-05-31 Method for efficiently recycling electrolyte of waste lithium ion battery
DE112023000108.1T DE112023000108T5 (en) 2022-05-31 2023-03-15 Process for efficient recovery of waste lithium-ion battery electrolyte
PCT/CN2023/081684 WO2023231508A1 (en) 2022-05-31 2023-03-15 Method for efficiently recovering electrolyte of spent lithium-ion battery
GB2318911.1A GB2622974A (en) 2022-05-31 2023-03-15 Method for efficiently recovering electrolyte of spent lithium-ion battery

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023231508A1 (en) * 2022-05-31 2023-12-07 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 Method for efficiently recovering electrolyte of spent lithium-ion battery
WO2024055518A1 (en) * 2022-09-16 2024-03-21 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 Method for recycling lithium from electrolyte of lithium ion battery

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2740243A1 (en) * 1977-09-07 1979-03-15 Bayer Ag PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DIALKYLCARBONATES
FR3022695A1 (en) * 2014-06-18 2015-12-25 Rhodia Operations PROCESS FOR RECOVERING AN ELECTROLYTE SALT
CN108923092A (en) * 2018-06-29 2018-11-30 惠州市宙邦化工有限公司 A kind of waste and old lithium ionic cell electrolyte processing method
CN112531227A (en) * 2019-09-17 2021-03-19 天津理工大学 Harmless recycling method for electrolyte in waste lithium ion battery
CN111454152B (en) * 2020-06-22 2020-10-30 东营市海科新源化工有限责任公司 Preparation method and preparation device of electronic grade dimethyl carbonate
CN114865134A (en) * 2022-05-31 2022-08-05 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 Method for efficiently recycling electrolyte of waste lithium ion battery

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023231508A1 (en) * 2022-05-31 2023-12-07 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 Method for efficiently recovering electrolyte of spent lithium-ion battery
GB2622974A (en) * 2022-05-31 2024-04-03 Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd Method for efficiently recovering electrolyte of spent lithium-ion battery
WO2024055518A1 (en) * 2022-09-16 2024-03-21 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 Method for recycling lithium from electrolyte of lithium ion battery

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DE112023000108T5 (en) 2024-05-29
GB2622974A8 (en) 2024-05-15
WO2023231508A1 (en) 2023-12-07
GB2622974A (en) 2024-04-03
GB202318911D0 (en) 2024-01-24

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