CN114864932A - Preparation method of sodium ion battery positive electrode material - Google Patents
Preparation method of sodium ion battery positive electrode material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114864932A CN114864932A CN202210703820.1A CN202210703820A CN114864932A CN 114864932 A CN114864932 A CN 114864932A CN 202210703820 A CN202210703820 A CN 202210703820A CN 114864932 A CN114864932 A CN 114864932A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a sodium ion battery anode material, relating to the technical field of sodium ion batteries 3 ZnMn(PO 4 ) 3 The positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery has good cycle stability and higher charge and discharge capacity; the adopted preparation method has the characteristics of easily available raw materials, environmental friendliness, simple process operation and short period, and is suitable for large-scale production.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of sodium ion batteries, in particular to a preparation method of a sodium ion battery anode material.
Background art:
a sodium ion battery is a secondary battery (rechargeable battery) which mainly depends on the movement of sodium ions between a positive electrode and a negative electrode to work, and the working principle of the sodium ion battery is similar to that of a lithium ion battery. During charging and discharging, Na + Embedding and releasing between the two electrodes. During charging, Na + De-intercalation from the positive electrode, intercalation into the negative electrode through the electrolyte; the opposite is true during discharge. The electrode material used for sodium ion batteries is mainly sodium salt, compared with lithiumThe salt is more abundant in reserves and lower in price. Sodium ion batteries are a cost-effective alternative when the requirements on weight and energy density are not high, since sodium ions are larger than lithium ions.
Compared with lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries have the following advantages: (1) the sodium salt raw material has rich reserves, low price and reduced raw material cost; (2) due to the characteristics of sodium salt, the low-concentration electrolyte (the electrolyte with the same concentration and the sodium salt conductivity higher than that of the lithium electrolyte by about 20%) is allowed to be used, so that the cost is reduced; (3) sodium ions do not form an alloy with aluminum, and the negative electrode can adopt aluminum foil as a current collector, so that the cost and the weight are further reduced; (4) the sodium ion battery is allowed to discharge to zero volts due to its no over-discharge characteristics. The energy density of the sodium ion battery is more than 100Wh/kg, and the sodium ion battery can be compared with a lithium iron phosphate battery, but the cost advantage is obvious, and the sodium ion battery is expected to replace the traditional lead-acid battery in large-scale energy storage.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a novel sodium-ion battery anode material, which takes a sodium source, a zinc source, a manganese source and a phosphorus source as preparation raw materials to prepare a material with a component of Na 3 ZnMn(PO 4 ) 3 The positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery has good cycle stability and higher charge and discharge capacity.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the invention aims to provide a positive electrode material of a sodium-ion battery, which comprises the component Na 3 ZnMn(PO 4 ) 3 。
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a sodium source, a zinc source, a manganese source, a phosphorus source and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin into deionized water, and heating and dissolving to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, and after the reaction is finished, performing spray drying to obtain a precursor;
(3) and calcining the precursor in an air atmosphere to obtain the sodium-ion battery anode material.
The heating and dissolution in the step (1) may be carried out under stirring or ultrasonic treatment.
Preferably, the sodium source in step (1) is at least one selected from sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride.
Preferably, the zinc source in step (1) is selected from at least one of zinc acetate, zinc nitrate, zinc chloride and zinc sulfate.
Preferably, the manganese source in step (1) is selected from at least one of manganese acetate, manganese oxalate, manganese nitrate, manganese sulfate and manganese chloride.
Preferably, the phosphorus source in step (1) is selected from at least one of phosphoric acid, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the sodium source to the zinc source to the manganese source to the phosphorus source in the step (1) is 3:1:1:3, and the dosage of the hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is 2-5% of the total mass of the sodium source, the zinc source, the manganese source and the phosphorus source.
Preferably, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction in step (2) is 200-220 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the air inlet of the spray drying in the step (2) is 180-. The drying time is shortened by spray drying, and evaporation and crushing processes are omitted, so that precursor powder is obtained.
Preferably, the calcination temperature in the step (3) is 700-900 ℃, and the temperature rise rate is 2-5 ℃/min. The calcination time is controlled according to the calcination temperature and the crystallization property, and the electrochemical property of the material is improved.
The hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin has the effects of increasing the contact area of each element in hydrothermal reaction, refining crystal grains and improving specific surface area during calcination, so that the electrochemical performance of the finally prepared sodium-ion battery anode material is optimized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention takes a sodium source, a zinc source, a manganese source and a phosphorus source as preparation raw materials, firstly prepares a precursor through hydrothermal reaction, and then carries out high temperature treatment on the precursor in air atmosphereCalcining to obtain Na as the final chemical component 3 ZnMn(PO 4 ) 3 The positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery has good cycle stability and higher charge and discharge capacity; the adopted preparation method has the characteristics of easily available raw materials, environmental friendliness, simple process operation and short period, and is suitable for large-scale production.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1
(1) Adding 3mmol of sodium carbonate, 1mmol of zinc acetate, 1mmol of manganese acetate, 3mmol of diammonium hydrogen phosphate and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin into deionized water, wherein the dosage of the hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is 3 percent of the total mass of a sodium source, a zinc source, a manganese source and a phosphorus source, and heating and dissolving under stirring to obtain a mixed solution.
(2) And transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction at the reaction temperature of 200 ℃ for 12h, and spray-drying after the reaction is finished, wherein the temperature of an air inlet is 180 ℃ and the temperature of an air outlet is 90 ℃ to obtain a precursor.
(3) And calcining the precursor in an air atmosphere at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, the calcining temperature of 900 ℃ and the calcining time of 3h to obtain the sodium-ion battery anode material.
Example 2
(1) Adding 3mmol of sodium hydroxide, 1mmol of zinc acetate, 1mmol of manganese nitrate, 3mmol of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin into deionized water, wherein the dosage of the hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is 5 percent of the total mass of the sodium source, the zinc source, the manganese source and the phosphorus source, and heating and dissolving under stirring to obtain a mixed solution.
(2) And transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction at 220 ℃ for 10h, and spray-drying after the reaction is finished, wherein the temperature of an air inlet is 180 ℃ and the temperature of an air outlet is 80 ℃ to obtain a precursor.
(3) And calcining the precursor in an air atmosphere at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, the calcining temperature of 800 ℃ and the calcining time of 4h to obtain the sodium-ion battery anode material.
Example 3
(1) Adding 3mmol of sodium bicarbonate, 1mmol of zinc nitrate, 1mmol of manganese oxalate, 3mmol of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin into deionized water, wherein the dosage of the hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is 3 percent of the total mass of a sodium source, a zinc source, a manganese source and a phosphorus source, and heating and dissolving under stirring to obtain a mixed solution.
(2) And transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction at the reaction temperature of 210 ℃ for 12h, and spray-drying after the reaction is finished, wherein the temperature of an air inlet is 200 ℃ and the temperature of an air outlet is 85 ℃ to obtain a precursor.
(3) And calcining the precursor in an air atmosphere at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, the calcining temperature of 700 ℃ and the calcining time of 5h to obtain the sodium-ion battery anode material.
Example 4
(1) Adding 3mmol of sodium carbonate, 1mmol of zinc nitrate, 1mmol of manganese nitrate, 3mmol of diammonium hydrogen phosphate and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin into deionized water, wherein the dosage of the hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is 2 percent of the total mass of a sodium source, a zinc source, a manganese source and a phosphorus source, and heating and dissolving under stirring to obtain a mixed solution.
(2) And transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction at the reaction temperature of 200 ℃ for 12h, and spray-drying after the reaction is finished, wherein the air inlet temperature is 195 ℃ and the air outlet temperature is 90 ℃ to obtain a precursor.
(3) And calcining the precursor in an air atmosphere at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, the calcining temperature of 800 ℃ and the calcining time of 3h to obtain the sodium-ion battery anode material.
Comparative example 1
The preparation process of example 1 was followed except that the zinc source and the manganese source were replaced with iron nitrate.
(1) Adding 3mmol of sodium carbonate, 2mmol of ferric nitrate, 3mmol of diammonium hydrogen phosphate and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin into deionized water, wherein the dosage of the hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is 3 percent of the total mass of the sodium source, the iron source and the phosphorus source, and heating and dissolving under stirring to obtain a mixed solution.
(2) And transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction at the reaction temperature of 200 ℃ for 12h, and spray-drying after the reaction is finished, wherein the temperature of an air inlet is 180 ℃ and the temperature of an air outlet is 90 ℃ to obtain a precursor.
(3) And calcining the precursor in an air atmosphere at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, the calcining temperature of 900 ℃ and the calcining time of 3h to obtain the sodium-ion battery anode material.
Comparative example 2
The preparation of example 1 was followed except that hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin was deleted.
(1) Adding 3mmol of sodium carbonate, 1mmol of zinc acetate, 1mmol of manganese acetate and 3mmol of diammonium hydrogen phosphate into deionized water, and heating and dissolving under stirring to obtain a mixed solution.
(2) And transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction at the reaction temperature of 200 ℃ for 12h, and spray-drying after the reaction is finished, wherein the temperature of an air inlet is 180 ℃ and the temperature of an air outlet is 90 ℃ to obtain a precursor.
(3) And calcining the precursor in an air atmosphere at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, the calcining temperature of 900 ℃ and the calcining time of 3h to obtain the sodium-ion battery anode material.
Respectively grinding and mixing the positive electrode materials of the sodium-ion batteries prepared in the examples and the comparative examples, acetylene black and PVDF according to the mass ratio of 80:10:10, adding N-methyl pyrrolidone to adjust viscosity, coating the mixture on an aluminum foil, drying the aluminum foil at 100 ℃ for 12 hours, cooling and then preparing the positive electrode plate of the sodium-ion battery with the diameter of 15mm by using a sheet punching machine. Sequentially assembling the positive electrode shell, the electrode plate, the electrolyte, the diaphragm, the electrolyte, the lithium plate, the gasket and the negative electrode shell, and sealing the battery by using a sealing machine to obtain the CR2032 type button half-battery. Adding NaClO 4 Dissolving in mixed solvent of EC, DEC, FEC, 1:1:0.05 to obtain NaClO 4 Electrolyte with the concentration of 1.0 mol/L.
The assembled sodium ion battery was subjected to a specific discharge capacity test using a LAND CT2001A battery test system at a discharge current density of 100mA/g, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 specific discharge capacity of sodium ion batteries
As can be seen from Table 1, Na produced by the present invention 3 ZnMn(PO 4 ) 3 The sodium ion battery anode material has excellent cycle performance and capacity performance, and the addition of the hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in the preparation process of the sodium ion battery anode material is beneficial to improving the cycle performance and the capacity performance of the sodium ion battery.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A positive electrode material of a sodium-ion battery is characterized in that: the component of the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery is Na 3 ZnMn(PO 4 ) 3 。
2. The method for preparing the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding a sodium source, a zinc source, a manganese source, a phosphorus source and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin into deionized water, and heating and dissolving to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, and after the reaction is finished, performing spray drying to obtain a precursor;
(3) and calcining the precursor in an air atmosphere to obtain the sodium-ion battery anode material.
3. The method for preparing the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: the sodium source is at least one selected from sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride.
4. The method for preparing the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: the zinc source is at least one selected from zinc acetate, zinc nitrate, zinc chloride and zinc sulfate.
5. The method for preparing the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: the manganese source is selected from at least one of manganese acetate, manganese oxalate, manganese nitrate, manganese sulfate and manganese chloride.
6. The method for preparing the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: the phosphorus source is at least one selected from phosphoric acid, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
7. The method for preparing the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: the molar ratio of the sodium source to the zinc source to the manganese source to the phosphorus source is 3:1:1:3, and the dosage of the hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is 2-5% of the total mass of the sodium source, the zinc source, the manganese source and the phosphorus source.
8. The method for preparing the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 200-220 ℃.
9. The method for preparing the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: the temperature of the air inlet of the spray drying is 180-200 ℃, and the temperature of the air outlet is 80-100 ℃.
10. The method for preparing the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: the calcination temperature is 700-900 ℃, and the heating rate is 2-5 ℃/min.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117096331A (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-11-21 | 湖南驼峰新能源有限公司 | Sodium ion battery positive electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
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