CN114864298B - Aqueous potassium ion electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Aqueous potassium ion electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114864298B
CN114864298B CN202210373635.0A CN202210373635A CN114864298B CN 114864298 B CN114864298 B CN 114864298B CN 202210373635 A CN202210373635 A CN 202210373635A CN 114864298 B CN114864298 B CN 114864298B
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electrolyte
potassium
water
triflate
potassium ion
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CN114864298A (en
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王儒涛
陈健超
张志康
朱春艳
刘清媛
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Shandong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/54—Electrolytes
    • H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
    • H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/54—Electrolytes
    • H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
    • H01G11/60—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solvent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/54—Electrolytes
    • H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
    • H01G11/62—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

Abstract

The invention relates to a water-based potassium ion electrolyte, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving potassium triflate in water to obtain a salt-coated water electrolyte of potassium triflate, adding trimethyl phosphate, heating to uniformly mix the solution, and preparing a clear solution, namely the water-based potassium ion electrolyte. The invention widens the electrochemical window of the electrolyte, improves the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, reduces the viscosity of the electrolyte and simultaneously ensures that the assembled potassium ion capacitor has higher capacity and long cycle life on the basis of reducing the cost and the production condition of the electrolyte. The invention can be used as electrolyte of potassium ion battery and active carbon capacitor, and the assembled active carbon symmetrical capacitor has good electrochemical performance.

Description

Aqueous potassium ion electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electrolyte of potassium ion electrochemical energy storage equipment, and relates to a water system potassium ion electrolyte, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The disclosure of this background section is only intended to increase the understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
The super capacitor is often provided with volatile and inflammable organic electrolyte, so that the potential safety hazard is large, the later pollution is large, and the large-scale application of the super capacitor in various fields is hindered. The high-concentration Water-in-salt (WIS) electrolyte has been shown to be effective in overcoming the disadvantage of the narrow electrochemical window of conventional aqueous electrolytes, and the electrochemical window can be widened to over 3.2V compared with the 2.2V voltage window of a conventional lead-acid battery. However, the existing salt-packed water electrolyte has a plurality of problems that the content of organic salt in the high-concentration electrolyte is far higher than that of water, the density, viscosity and cost of the electrolyte are increased, and the conductivity is reduced, and the problems limit the commercialization application of the salt-packed water electrolyte. Double salt electrolytes are an improved strategy, typically selecting high solubility, low cost inorganic salts, however, the problems of high viscosity and low conductivity of salt-packed electrolytes are not solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the aqueous potassium ion electrolyte, the preparation method and the application thereof, which can enable the aqueous potassium ion electrolyte to reach a state of water in salt package and be applied to the potassium ion capacitor taking commercial activated carbon as an active substance, so that the electrochemical window of the electrolyte is widened, the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte is improved, the viscosity of the electrolyte is reduced, and meanwhile, the assembled potassium ion capacitor has higher capacity and long cycle life on the basis of reducing the cost and production conditions of the electrolyte.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, an aqueous potassium ion electrolyte is obtained by heating and mixing a salt-coated electrolyte of potassium triflate and trimethyl phosphate; wherein the potassium triflate water-in-salt electrolyte is obtained by dissolving potassium triflate in water.
On the other hand, the preparation method of the aqueous potassium ion electrolyte comprises the following steps:
dissolving potassium triflate in water to obtain a salt-coated water electrolyte of potassium triflate, adding trimethyl phosphate, heating to uniformly mix the solution, and preparing a clear solution, namely the water-based potassium ion electrolyte.
The invention uses the property that trimethyl phosphate and potassium triflate can be mutually dissolved in any proportion as inert additive. Firstly, potassium triflate is dissolved in water according to proper concentration, and the solution is kept stand to be dissolved, so that a clear solution is formed. Next, trimethyl phosphate was added to the solution four times its volume, the liquid was transferred to a sample bottle, and after sealing, heated in an oven to obtain a clear aqueous potassium ion electrolyte.
In a third aspect, the use of the aqueous potassium ion electrolyte described above in a potassium ion capacitor.
In a fourth aspect, a potassium ion capacitor comprises an active carbon symmetric electrode, a diaphragm, a housing and the electrolyte.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention prepares the aqueous potassium ion electrolyte in an air environment, has simple method, low cost and easy realization, and has stronger industrialization potential.
(2) The electrolyte prepared by the invention has a wider voltage window, higher ionic conductivity, lower viscosity and good high-low temperature performance.
(3) The active carbon capacitor assembled by the water-based electrolyte prepared by the invention has excellent battery capacity and stability.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation to the application.
FIG. 1 is an optical photograph of the electrolyte raw material and electrolyte prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an electrochemical window of the electrolyte prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the Raman spectra of the electrolyte prepared in example 1 of the present invention and water.
FIG. 4 shows the hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the electrolyte prepared in example 1 of the present invention and water.
FIG. 5 is a cyclic voltammogram of an electrolyte-assembled potassium ion capacitor prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cycle curve of an electrolyte-assembled potassium ion capacitor prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows constant current charge and discharge of an electrolyte-assembled potassium ion capacitor prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a low temperature photomicrograph of the electrolyte prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
In view of the problems of high cost, complex production environment and low safety of commercial organic electrolyte, the conventional aqueous electrolyte has a narrow electrochemical window, and the invention provides an aqueous potassium ion electrolyte, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in a capacitor.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an aqueous potassium ion electrolyte obtained by mixing a potassium triflate salt-coated electrolyte with trimethyl phosphate under heating; wherein the salt-coated water electrolyte of the potassium triflate is obtained by dissolving the potassium triflate in water.
In some embodiments, the volume ratio of the potassium triflate salt-coated electrolyte to the trimethyl phosphate is 1-4:1-20.
In some embodiments, the concentration of potassium triflate in the salt-coated aqueous electrolyte is 10-30mol/L; preferably 22mol/L.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a preparation method of a water-based potassium ion electrolyte is provided, wherein potassium triflate is dissolved in water to obtain a salt-coated water electrolyte of the potassium triflate, then trimethyl phosphate is added, and the mixture is heated to be uniformly mixed to prepare a clear solution, namely the water-based potassium ion electrolyte.
The invention uses the property that trimethyl phosphate and potassium triflate can be mutually dissolved in any proportion as inert additive. Meanwhile, the trimethyl phosphate has low cost, wide electrochemical window, excellent high-low temperature performance and lower viscosity, and can effectively reduce the cost of the salt-covered water electrolyte, improve the voltage window of the electrolyte, improve the low-temperature performance of the electrolyte and improve the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte.
In some examples of this embodiment, potassium triflate is added to water, sealed and allowed to stand until the salt is completely dissolved in the water to form a clear solution.
In one or more embodiments, the molar concentration of potassium triflate in the aqueous potassium ion electrolyte is 1.63 moles per liter.
In one or more embodiments, the potassium triflate has a purity of greater than 98%.
In one or more embodiments, deionized water is used.
To the prepared solution was added four times its volume of trimethyl phosphate. In some examples of this embodiment, the solution was transferred to a 20ml sample bottle, sealed and heated in an oven at 60 degrees celsius for 2 hours to form a clear solution, i.e., an aqueous potassium electrolyte.
In one or more embodiments, the positive and negative active substances of the capacitor are commercial active carbon YP-80F, the binder is Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), the conductive agent is acetylene black, and the mass ratio of the active substances, the binder and the conductive agent in the electrode slice is 8:1:1.
In one or more embodiments, the binder used is an aqueous dispersion of polytetrafluoroethylene.
In some examples of this embodiment, the concentration of polytetrafluoroethylene binder dispersion is 10 milligrams per milliliter.
In some examples of this embodiment, electrode sheets were prepared by rolling the active material, binder and conductive agent in proportions into a plastic film, which was then dried and pressed against a current collector to form the electrode sheet.
In some examples of this embodiment, the negative electrode of the capacitor uses an aluminum mesh as a current collector and the positive electrode uses a titanium mesh as a current collector.
In some examples of this embodiment, the negative electrode sheet includes a binder. And the negative electrode active material is used for bonding the negative electrode active material on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
In some examples of this embodiment, the negative electrode sheet includes a conductive agent. For increasing the conductivity of the anode active material.
In some examples of this embodiment, the positive electrode sheet includes a binder. And the positive electrode active material is used for bonding the positive electrode active material on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
In some examples of this embodiment, the positive electrode sheet includes a conductive agent. For increasing the conductivity of the positive electrode active material.
In some examples of this embodiment, glass fibers are used for the separator.
In some examples of this embodiment, the capacitor is assembled in the form of a soft-pack battery, the casing is an aluminum plastic film, and the tabs are aluminum mesh and titanium mesh.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a potassium ion capacitor is provided, comprising the steps of:
providing a negative plate, a positive plate, a diaphragm and a shell;
dissolving potassium triflate in water to obtain a salt-coated water electrolyte of the potassium triflate, then adding trimethyl phosphate, heating and uniformly mixing to obtain a clear solution, and obtaining a water-based potassium ion electrolyte;
the negative electrode plate is prepared by adopting a rolling plate mode, active substances, binders and conductive agents are rolled into a plastic film according to a proportion, and the plastic film is pressed and attached on an aluminum mesh current collector after being dried, so that the negative electrode plate is obtained. The choice of conductive agent and binder is consistent with that described above.
The positive plate is prepared by adopting a rolling plate mode, active substances, binders and conductive agents are rolled into a plastic film according to a proportion, and the plastic film is pressed and attached on an aluminum mesh current collector after being dried, so that the positive plate is obtained. The choice of conductive agent and binder is consistent with that described above.
And assembling the negative plate, the positive plate, the diaphragm and the electrolyte to form the potassium ion capacitor.
In some examples of this embodiment, the process of assembling the potassium-ion capacitor is: in an air environment, the positive plate, the diaphragm and the negative plate are sequentially overlapped to form a compact structure, the compact structure is placed in two layers of aluminum plastic films, the positive electrode lug and the negative electrode lug extend from the top edge, the bottom edge and one side edge are sealed by using a hot press, electrolyte is injected into the unsealed side edge, and then the side edge is sealed.
In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A preparation method of a water-based potassium ion capacitor comprises the following steps:
(1) 12.42g of potassium triflate powder with the purity of 98% is weighed, transferred into a 50ml glass beaker, added with 3ml of deionized water, the cup mouth is sealed by using a preservative film, and the mixture is kept stand for 24 hours, so that a clear solution which is 22mol/L of potassium triflate aqueous solution is obtained. 3ml of the solution is measured and transferred to a 20ml sample tube, 12ml of trimethyl phosphate is added, and after sealing, the solution is heated for 2 hours in a 60 ℃ oven, so as to obtain clear solution, namely the water-based potassium ion electrolyte.
(2) 80mg of YP-80F active carbon and 10mg of conductive agent acetylene black are weighed, transferred into a mortar, 1ml of adhesive aqueous dispersion with the concentration of 10mg/ml is measured, dripped into the mortar, ground and rolled into a film, and the film is placed into a vacuum drying box and dried for 12 hours at 120 ℃.
(3) Cutting an aluminum net and a titanium net as current collectors, flushing with deionized water and ethanol for three times respectively, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment in absolute ethanol for 30s, pouring out ethanol after ultrasonic treatment, and drying in a 60 ℃ oven for 10min.
(4) And weighing two parts of dried film active materials, and respectively pressing the film active materials on an aluminum net and a titanium net under the pressure of 10MPa to serve as a negative plate and a positive plate.
(5) According to the negative electrode plate, the diaphragm and the positive electrode plate are tightly arranged between two layers of aluminum plastic films in sequence, the positive electrode and the negative electrode tab are all extended from the top edge, the bottom edge and one side edge are sealed by using a hot press, electrolyte is injected into the unsealed side edge, and then the side edge is sealed, so that the capacitor is obtained.
The raw materials of the electrolyte and the optical photographs of the obtained electrolyte are shown in fig. 1, deionized water and potassium triflate are arranged on the left side, and the prepared potassium ion electrolyte is arranged on the right side.
The electrochemical window of the obtained electrolyte is shown in figure 2, the electrochemical windows of the anode and the cathode are respectively tested by using an aluminum net and a titanium net, the testing equipment is an electrochemical workstation, the testing technology is a linear voltammetry (LSP), the scanning speed is 5mV/s, and the reference electrode is a silver wire. The electrolyte had a wide electrochemical window of 3.4V, with a negative window of-1.84V and a positive window of 1.56V.
The Raman test spectrum of the obtained electrolyte is shown in figure 3, and the test range is 2400-4000 cm -1 The lower curve in the figure shows the Raman spectrum of water, and the characteristic peak is 3100-3400 cm -1 Broad peak, upper curve in the graph shows Raman spectrum of potassium ion electrolyte, and its characteristic peak is 2700-2900 cm -1 Peak at which characteristic peak of water became peak and shifted to 3546cm -1 In this case, it was confirmed that the form of bonding between water molecules was changed in the aqueous potassium ion electrolyte, and a water-in-salt state was formed.
The nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum of the obtained electrolyte is shown in FIG. 4, and the test range is 1 H-2-8 ppm, the lower curve in the figure is the nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum of water, the characteristic peak is the peak at 4.79ppm, the upper curve in the figure is the nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum of potassium ion electrolyte, the characteristic peaks are the peaks at 4.19 and 4.90ppm, the combination form of water molecules is changed in the water system potassium ion electrolyte, and the state of salt water is formed.
The cyclic voltammogram of the activated carbon symmetrical capacitor assembled by the prepared aqueous potassium ion electrolyte is shown in figure 5, the test equipment is an electrochemical workstation, and the scanning speeds are respectively 50 mV/s, 100 mV/s, 200 mV/s, 500 mV/s and 1000mV/s. At low scanning speed, the cyclic voltammogram can show a perfect rectangular shape, and accords with the electrochemical principle of the active carbon symmetrical capacitor. The shape of the cyclic voltammogram approximates a rectangle even at higher scan speeds of 1000mV/s. The cyclic voltammogram shows good rate performance of the capacitor.
The charging and discharging curves of the active carbon symmetrical capacitor assembled by the prepared water-based potassium ion electrolyte under different multiplying powers are shown in fig. 6, the testing equipment is a blue and battery testing system, the testing technology is a constant current charging and discharging method, the tested current densities are 1, 2, 5, 8, 10 and 20A/g, and the charging and discharging curves show standard triangles.
The cyclic charge-discharge curve of the active carbon symmetrical capacitor assembled by the prepared aqueous potassium ion electrolyte is shown in figure 7, the test equipment is a blue and battery test system, the test technology is a constant current charge-discharge method, the tested current density is 1A/g, and the cyclic curve shows that the capacitor can still keep 72% of capacity when the current exceeds 30000 circles, and has good capacity retention rate.
The optical photo of the prepared potassium ion electrolyte at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ is shown as figure 8, and the electrolyte is not crystallized and has good fluidity.
Example 2
This embodiment is substantially identical to embodiment 1, except that: the beaker sealed in the step (1) is not placed for 24 hours but is placed in an oven at 60 ℃ for 2 hours.
Example 3
This embodiment is substantially identical to embodiment 1, except that: the volume ratio of the 22mol/L potassium triflate aqueous solution to the trimethyl phosphate in the step (1) is 4:1.
Example 4
This embodiment is substantially identical to embodiment 1, except that: the volume ratio of the 22mol/L potassium triflate aqueous solution to the trimethyl phosphate in the step (1) is 3:2.
Example 5
This embodiment is substantially identical to embodiment 1, except that: the volume ratio of the 22mol/L potassium triflate aqueous solution to the trimethyl phosphate in the step (1) is 2:3.
Example 6
This embodiment is substantially identical to embodiment 1, except that: the volume ratio of the 22mol/L potassium triflate aqueous solution to the trimethyl phosphate in the step (1) is 1:19.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the same, but rather, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (8)

1. A water-based potassium ion electrolyte is prepared by heating and mixing a salt-packed water electrolyte of potassium triflate and trimethyl phosphate; wherein the salt-coated water electrolyte of the potassium triflate is obtained by dissolving the potassium triflate in water; the purity of the potassium triflate is more than 98%; the molar concentration of the potassium triflate in the aqueous potassium ion electrolyte is 1.63 mol/L; the water is deionized water;
the volume ratio of the salt-coated water electrolyte of the potassium triflate to the trimethyl phosphate is 1-4:1-20;
in the salt-coated water electrolyte of the potassium triflate, the concentration of the potassium triflate is 10-30mol/L;
the preparation method of the water-based potassium ion electrolyte is characterized by comprising the following steps of: dissolving potassium triflate in water to obtain a salt-coated water electrolyte of potassium triflate, then adding trimethyl phosphate, heating to uniformly mix the solution, and preparing a clear solution, namely the water-based potassium ion electrolyte;
adding the potassium triflate into water, sealing, standing, and waiting for the potassium triflate to be completely dissolved in the water to form a clear solution.
2. The aqueous potassium ion electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the concentration of potassium triflate is 22mol/L.
3. Use of the aqueous potassium-ion electrolyte of any one of claims 1-2 in a potassium-ion capacitor.
4. The potassium ion capacitor is characterized by comprising a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm and electrolyte, wherein the positive plate and the negative plate comprise a current collector, and a film containing an active material is attached to the surface of the current collector; the aqueous potassium-ion electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 2.
5. The potassium ion capacitor of claim 4, wherein said film further comprises a binder or a conductive agent; the active material is commercial active carbon YP-80F; the binder is Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and the conductive agent is acetylene black.
6. The potassium ion capacitor of claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the active material, the binder and the conductive agent is 8:1:1;
the used binder is aqueous dispersion of polytetrafluoroethylene; the concentration of the polytetrafluoroethylene binder dispersion was 10 milligrams per milliliter;
the electrode plate is prepared by adopting a rolling plate mode, active substances, adhesives and conductive agents are rolled into a plastic film, and the plastic film is pressed and attached on a current collector after being dried, so that the electrode plate is obtained.
7. The potassium-ion capacitor of claim 6, wherein the negative electrode sheet uses an aluminum mesh as a current collector, and the positive electrode sheet uses a titanium mesh as a current collector; the separator uses glass fiber.
8. The potassium ion capacitor of claim 7, wherein the capacitor is assembled in the form of a soft package battery, the shell is an aluminum plastic film, and the tab is an aluminum mesh and a titanium mesh.
CN202210373635.0A 2022-04-11 2022-04-11 Aqueous potassium ion electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof Active CN114864298B (en)

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CN105826520A (en) * 2016-03-28 2016-08-03 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 Water system high-voltage mixed ion secondary battery based on zinc-lithium ferric manganese phosphate
JP6922855B2 (en) * 2018-06-18 2021-08-18 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Water-based electrolyte and water-based potassium ion battery
CN111900495A (en) * 2020-06-12 2020-11-06 北京大学深圳研究生院 Water-based electrolyte and application thereof
CN111900497A (en) * 2020-06-12 2020-11-06 北京大学深圳研究生院 Aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte and application thereof
CN113161603A (en) * 2021-04-07 2021-07-23 北京航空航天大学 Novel potassium ion battery and preparation method thereof
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