CN114859288A - Single photon detection array laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement device and method - Google Patents
Single photon detection array laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single photon detection array laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement device and method, and belongs to the technical field of laser signal detection and satellite communication distance measurement. The invention discloses a single photon detection array laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement device which comprises an optical telescope, a piezoelectric deflection mirror, a piezoelectric controller, a single photon detection array, a signal amplification and distribution network, a signal acquisition and processing module, a low-phase noise frequency synthesizer and an edge detection and multi-channel synthesizer. The invention uses the high-sensitivity single photon detection array to replace a CCD camera angle measurement subsystem, and can track and measure the angle of the signal while completing signal reception based on the single photon detection array, thereby simplifying the structure of a laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement system, and improving the utilization rate of the received signal and the receiving sensitivity of the system. The invention can enable all signal energy to be received by the single photon detection array, improve the utilization rate of laser signal energy and increase the signal receiving area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a single photon detection array laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement device and method, and belongs to the technical field of laser signal detection and satellite communication distance measurement.
Background
At present, satellite communication is limited by frequency spectrum, orbit resources and the like, and the laser measurement and control technology has the advantages of good confidentiality, high transmission rate and the like, so that the laser measurement and control technology becomes an effective means for solving space high-speed transmission, plays an important role in space high-resolution mapping, manned spacecraft rendezvous and docking, space station construction and other important engineering projects, and is a key link of precise single-point positioning, space-based monitoring and anti-interference positioning.
The satellite laser measurement and control system needs to complete angle measurement, distance measurement and data transmission tasks, and on-orbit satellite measurement and control needs a ground end to quickly search a large field area within satellite transit time so as to capture satellite signals and continuously adjust an alignment angle for tracking. In the existing laser measurement and control system, an angle measurement hardware subsystem for signal capture tracking and a hardware subsystem for communication distance measurement are two sets of independent optical receiving equipment, and a received laser signal needs to be divided into two parts by using a spectroscope. One part of the satellite signals is received by a CCD (charge coupled device) camera, and the satellite signals are captured and tracked for angle measurement through the imaging positions of the signals in the photosurface; the other part is received by a laser signal receiver, converted into an electric signal and used for realizing communication and ranging through a digital signal processing algorithm.
Because the power of the satellite downlink laser signal is extremely weak, the ground end needs to use a single photon detector to receive the signal at the photon level, and the spectroscope is difficult to obtain an ideal light splitting effect under the condition of extremely small number of photons. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of the CCD camera is far lower than that of a single-photon detector, more energy needs to be distributed to the angle measurement hardware subsystem to enable the CCD camera to work normally, signal energy for realizing communication distance measurement is greatly weakened, and communication distance measurement performance and the success rate of link establishment are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that an angle measurement hardware subsystem is separated from a communication distance measurement hardware subsystem, the sensitivity of a CCD camera is low, and the system performance and the link establishment success rate are affected. The high sensitivity means that the signal can be received by only a few photons/pulses, and the number of photons required by single pulse response reaches single digit.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a single photon detection array laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement device which comprises an optical telescope, a piezoelectric deflection mirror, a piezoelectric controller, a single photon detection array, a signal amplification and distribution network, a signal acquisition and processing module, a low-phase noise frequency synthesizer and an edge detection and multi-channel synthesizer.
The optical telescope is used for receiving space laser signals transmitted by a satellite, capturing and tracking the laser signals, and transmitting the space laser signals to the piezoelectric deflection mirror in a focusing mode during the transit of the satellite.
The piezoelectric deflection mirror is used for reflecting laser signals received by the light telescope, and adjusting the direction of a light path to enable the signals to be accurately aligned with the central position of the single photon detection array.
The piezoelectric controller is used for controlling the two-dimensional deflection angle of the piezoelectric deflection mirror, and further controlling the transmission direction of the light path.
The high-sensitivity single photon detection array is used for realizing tracking and angle measurement of signals while receiving the signals, the single photon detection array formed by the plurality of single photon detectors increases the signal receiving area, and the signal receiving stability is improved relative to the single photon detector. The single photon detection array is used for detecting an extremely weak downlink laser signal at a single photon level and converting the signal into an electric pulse signal with a fast rising edge and an exponentially decaying falling edge. The array pixels receiving the photons output electric pulse signals, and the pixels not receiving the photons output low levels. The position of a light spot in the array is calculated by utilizing the energy difference of signals received by the pixels in the single photon detection array, the angle information of an incident laser signal is further obtained, the signal angle measurement is realized, and the tracking angle measurement is carried out on the signals while the signals are received. The high sensitivity means that the signal can be received by only a few photons/pulses, and the number of photons required by single pulse response reaches single digit. The number of photons contained in the optical pulse in the extremely weak downlink laser signal is less than 100.
The signal amplification distribution network is used for receiving multi-channel electric signals output by the single photon detection array, firstly amplifying the signal amplitude, and then dividing the amplified signals into two groups. One group of signals are sent to an edge detection and multi-channel synthesizer to carry out electric pulse rising edge detection and multi-channel signal synthesis, the other group of signals are sent to a signal acquisition and processing module to carry out light spot position calculation, and the laser signal incidence angle is calculated through the light spot position.
The signal acquisition and processing module realizes angle measurement based on the multi-channel electric pulse signals output by the signal amplification and distribution network on one hand, and realizes communication data demodulation and ranging time information measurement according to the synthesized signals on the other hand.
The low phase noise frequency synthesizer is used for generating a working clock of the signal acquisition and processing module and the edge detection and multi-channel synthesizer.
The edge detection and channel synthesizer is used for extracting edges of the multi-channel electric pulse signals after the signal conditioning and distribution network amplification processing, shaping the signals with fast rising edges and exponentially decaying falling edges, synthesizing the shaped multi-channel signals into a path of modulation signal, and sending the path of modulation signal to the signal acquisition and processing module for communication and distance measurement information processing.
The invention also discloses a laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement method based on the single photon detection array, which is realized based on the laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement device, and the laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, an optical telescope receives laser signals issued by a satellite and focuses the laser signals on a piezoelectric deflection mirror, a piezoelectric controller controls the piezoelectric deflection mirror to scan on a two-dimensional plane, fast search is conducted on satellite downlink laser signals incident on the optical telescope, the optical telescope rotates independently of the piezoelectric deflection mirror in a search stage, the optical telescope rotates cooperatively with the piezoelectric deflection mirror by taking a focus as an origin in a tracking stage, and the rotating angle of the optical telescope is twice as large as the rotating angle of the piezoelectric deflection mirror.
And step two, carrying out high-sensitivity receiving on the laser signals reflected by the piezoelectric deflector by the NxM single-photon detection array, wherein the detection sensitivity is in a single-photon level, completing photoelectric conversion on the satellite downlink laser signals, and outputting a plurality of paths of electric signals. N, M the number of row and column pixels of the single photon detection array, and the signal receiving area of the NxM single photon detection array is NM times of the receiving area of a single photon detector, so as to realize more reliable signal receiving.
And step three, the signal amplification and distribution network amplifies the multi-channel electric signals output by the single photon detection array and distributes the multi-channel electric signals into two groups of signals, wherein one group of signals are sent to an edge detection and multi-channel synthesizer to carry out electric pulse rising edge detection and multi-channel signal synthesis, the other group of signals are sent to a signal acquisition and processing module to carry out light spot position calculation, and the laser signal incidence angle is calculated through the light spot position.
And fourthly, the signal acquisition and processing module acquires the multi-channel signals output by the signal amplification distribution network, counts pulses in each channel of signals, calculates the light spot mass center position as a signal tracking starting point when the light pulse count value received by a certain scanning resident point exceeds a threshold value, calculates the deflection angle according to the light spot mass center position, and outputs an angle control signal to the piezoelectric controller.
Spot centroid position
(x i ,y i ) Is the coordinate of the ith pixel, N is the number of pixels of the single photon detection array, the center of the array is the origin of coordinates, I i The number of pulses received in the measurement period for the ith pixel.
The angle (theta) between the light path between the piezoelectric deflection mirror and the single photon detection array and the center of mass of the light spot at the origin of the array x ,θ y ) Comprises the following steps:
and L is the distance between the piezoelectric deflection mirror and the single photon detection array.
In order to move the center of mass of the light spot to the center of the array, the deflection angle (delta theta) of the piezoelectric deflection mirror needs to be controlled x ,Δθ y ) Comprises the following steps:
and fifthly, the piezoelectric deflection mirror adjusts the deflection angle of the lens according to the control signal of the piezoelectric controller, so that the laser signal is reflected by the piezoelectric deflection mirror and then is positioned at the center of the single photon detection array.
Step six, if the light pulse count value received by the residence point is smaller than the threshold value, returning to the step one, and controlling the piezoelectric deflection mirror to search the laser signal again; if the light pulse count value received by the scanning resident point of the deflection angle exceeds the threshold value, the deflection angle is continuously updated through the light spot mass center position, so that the light spot mass center is continuously positioned at the center position of the single photon receiving array, and the tracking angle measurement of the laser signal is realized.
And seventhly, the signal acquisition and processing module acquires the analog electric signal synthesized by the edge detection and channel synthesizer, completes digital quantization of the analog electric signal, captures, tracks, synchronously demodulates and decodes the digital signal, extracts communication data and ranging information and realizes communication. The signals sent by the satellite contain sending time information, the receiving time information is recorded when the ground terminal receives the signals, the transmission time of the signals is obtained by the difference between the receiving time information and the demodulated sending time information, and then the transmission distance of the signals is calculated to realize ranging.
The resultant signal r (t) is expressed as:
r i (t) is an output signal of the ith pixel; τ is the signal delay amount, and is designed according to the pulse width required to be output.
The transmission signal s (t) is represented as:
where T is the symbol period, N is the position of the pulse within the symbol, information is transmitted by the position of the pulse within the symbol,
step eight, calculating the position of a light spot in the array by using the energy difference of signals received by the pixels in the single photon detection array according to the step four to the step six, further obtaining the angle information of the incident laser signal, and realizing signal angle measurement; according to the seventh step, the electric pulse signals output by the single photon detection array are utilized to realize communication and distance measurement; the single photon detection array is used for tracking and angle measuring of signals while signal receiving is completed, the laser tracking angle measuring and communication distance measuring system structure is simplified, and the utilization rate of received signals and the system detection sensitivity are improved.
Has the advantages that:
1. the invention discloses a single photon detection array laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement device and a method, wherein a single photon detection array with high sensitivity is used for replacing a CCD camera angle measurement subsystem, so that the integration of signal receiving and angle measurement tracking is realized, namely, the position of a light spot in the array is calculated by utilizing the energy difference of signals received by pixels in the single photon detection array, the angle information of an incident laser signal is further obtained, the signal angle measurement is realized, the signal is tracked and measured while the signal is received, the structure of the laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement system is simplified, and compared with the replaced CCD camera angle measurement subsystem, the device and the method have the advantages of simple structure and small size.
2. According to the single photon detection array laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement device and method disclosed by the invention, because the single photon detection array with high sensitivity is used for replacing a CCD camera angle measurement subsystem, all signal energy is received by the single photon detection array and is used for communication distance measurement and angle measurement tracking, and the utilization rate of laser signal energy is further improved.
3. The invention discloses a laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement device and method of a single photon detection array, which uses a single photon detector with high sensitivity, can receive signals only by using a few photons/pulses, and the number of photons required by single pulse response reaches single digit, thereby improving the detection sensitivity of the laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement system.
4. The invention discloses a single photon detection array laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement device and a method, wherein a plurality of single photon detectors form a detection array to receive signals, so that the signal receiving area is increased, the receiving view field of the laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement device is further enlarged, and the signals can be received more reliably by using a single photon detector.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement based on a single photon detection array in the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a signal acquisition and processing module according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement based on a single photon detection array in the invention;
fig. 4 is a signal processing flow chart of the signal acquisition and processing module of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated and described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the device for laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement based on single photon detection array disclosed in this embodiment includes: the system comprises an optical telescope, a piezoelectric deflection mirror, a piezoelectric controller, a single photon detection array, a signal amplification distribution network, a signal acquisition and processing module, a low-phase noise frequency synthesizer and an edge detection and multichannel synthesizer. The piezoelectric deflection mirror reflects the laser signal received by the optical telescope to the single photon detection array, and the signal acquisition and processing module is connected with the piezoelectric deflection mirror through a piezoelectric controller; the signal amplification distribution network is respectively connected with the single photon detection array, the signal acquisition and processing module and the edge detection and multi-channel synthesizer; the low phase noise frequency synthesizer is connected with the signal acquisition and processing module and the edge detection and multi-channel synthesizer.
The optical telescope is used for receiving space laser signals, capturing and tracking the laser signals and transmitting the space laser signals to the piezoelectric deflection mirror during satellite transit.
The piezoelectric deflection mirror is used for reflecting laser signals received by the light telescope, and adjusting the direction of a light path to enable the signals to be accurately aligned with the central position of the single photon detection array.
The piezoelectric controller is used for controlling the two-dimensional deflection angle of the piezoelectric deflection mirror, and further controlling the transmission direction of the light path.
The high-sensitivity single photon detection array is used for realizing tracking and angle measurement of signals while receiving the signals, the single photon detection array formed by a plurality of single photon detections increases the signal receiving area, and the signal receiving stability is improved relative to the single photon detector. The single photon detection array is used for detecting an extremely weak downlink laser signal at a single photon level and converting the signal into an electric pulse signal with a fast rising edge and an exponentially decaying falling edge. The array pixels receiving the photons output electric pulse signals, and the pixels not receiving the photons output low levels. The position of a light spot in the array is calculated by utilizing the energy difference of signals received by the pixels in the single photon detection array, the angle information of an incident laser signal is further obtained, the signal angle measurement is realized, and the tracking angle measurement is carried out on the signals while the signals are received. The high sensitivity means that the signal can be received by only a few photons/pulses, and the number of photons required by single pulse response reaches single digit. The number of photons contained in the optical pulse in the extremely weak downlink laser signal is less than 100.
The signal amplification distribution network is used for receiving multi-channel electric signals output by the single photon detection array, firstly amplifying the signal amplitude, and then dividing the amplified signals into two groups. One group of signals are sent to an edge detection and multi-channel synthesizer to carry out electric pulse rising edge detection and multi-channel signal synthesis, the other group of signals are sent to a signal acquisition and processing module to carry out light spot position calculation, and the laser signal incidence angle is calculated through the light spot position.
The signal acquisition and processing module completes the angle measurement function through the multi-channel electric pulse signal on one hand, and realizes communication data demodulation and ranging time information measurement according to the synthesized signal on the other hand.
The low phase noise frequency synthesizer is used for generating a working clock of the signal acquisition and processing module and the edge detection and multi-channel synthesizer.
The edge detection and channel synthesizer is used for extracting edges of the multi-channel electric pulse signals after the signal conditioning and distribution network amplification processing, shaping the signals with fast rising edges and exponentially decaying falling edges, synthesizing the shaped multi-channel signals into a path of modulation signal, and sending the path of modulation signal to the signal acquisition and processing module for communication and distance measurement information processing.
The piezoelectric deflection mirror adopts a piezoelectric deflection mirror with the model number of S37.T4SF of the Mingtian company of China.
The piezoelectric controller adopts a piezoelectric controller with the model number of E70.D3S of Mingtian Corp.
As shown in fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of the signal acquisition and processing module is shown, and the signal acquisition and processing module includes: angle measuring signal acquisition ADC (chip model AD9695-625), XC7VX485T master control FPGA chip, synthetic signal acquisition ADC chip ADC12DJ5200RF, clock management unit and giga net gape. A clock management unit (chip model LMX2594) provides a reference clock for the FPGA chip and the ADC chip; the angle measurement signal acquisition ADC of the N channel is responsible for acquiring signals which are output by the single photon detection array and amplified by the signal amplification distribution network, then the XC7VX485T master control FPGA counts electric pulses of each channel, the position of a light spot centroid in the single photon detection array is calculated by utilizing the count value of each channel, and then the position information is converted into the angle information of the piezoelectric deflection mirror to obtain an angle measurement result; meanwhile, the high-speed signal acquisition chip ADC12DJ5200RF acquires an N-in-one signal output by the edge detection and channel synthesizer, and XC7VX485T main control FPGA processes the acquired digital signal to finish communication and distance measurement information calculation; the angle measurement, communication and distance measurement results are calculated and demodulated by the FPGA and then transmitted to a computer through a gigabit network port for result display.
Example 2
The implementation of the present invention is illustrated by using a 4 × 4 single photon detection array and a laser detection system with a light wavelength of 1550nm as an example shown in fig. 3.
Based on the single photon detection array-based laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement device, the embodiment also discloses a single photon detection array-based laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement method, which comprises the following specific implementation steps:
step one, the optical telescope receives a laser signal sent by the satellite end, and focuses and emits the laser signal to the piezoelectric deflection mirror.
The transmission signal s (t) can be expressed as:
where T is the symbol period, N is the position of the pulse within the symbol, information is transmitted by the position of the pulse within the symbol,
and step two, the piezoelectric deflection mirror adjusts a two-dimensional deflection angle under the control of the piezoelectric controller, and reflects a laser signal from the optical telescope to the 4 multiplied by 4 single photon detection array.
And thirdly, performing photoelectric conversion on the received laser signals by the 4 x4 single photon detection array, outputting 16 paths of electric signals to a signal amplification distribution network, and dividing the 16 paths of signals into two groups of signals after amplification by the signal amplification distribution network and outputting the two groups of signals to a signal acquisition and processing module and an edge detection and multi-channel synthesizer respectively.
And step four, the signal acquisition and processing module acquires 16 paths of angle measurement signals through the 16-channel ADC, performs electric pulse counting on the 16 paths of signals to obtain light spot gray imaging, calculates the position of a light spot centroid in the 4 multiplied by 4 single photon detection array, and converts the position of the light spot centroid into angle information to be output to the piezoelectric controller.
Spot centroid position
(x i ,y i ) Is the coordinate of the ith pixel, N is the number of pixels of the single photon detection array, the center of the array is the origin of coordinates, I i The number of pulses received in the measurement period for the ith pixel.
The angle (theta) between the light path between the piezoelectric deflection mirror and the single photon detection array and the center of mass of the light spot at the origin of the array x ,θ y ) Comprises the following steps:
and L is the distance between the piezoelectric deflection mirror and the single photon detection array.
In order to move the center of mass of the light spot to the center of the array, the deflection angle (delta theta) of the piezoelectric deflection mirror needs to be controlled x ,Δθ y ) Comprises the following steps:
and fifthly, the piezoelectric controller controls the angle of the piezoelectric deflection mirror, so that the center of mass of a light spot formed on the 4 multiplied by 4 single photon detection array by the laser signal emitted by the deflection mirror is positioned at the center of the receiving array.
And step six, the edge detection and multi-channel synthesizer carries out edge extraction and 16-in-one output of a path of shaped and synthesized signals to the signal acquisition and processing module.
The resultant signal r (t) can be expressed as:
r i (t) is the output signal of the ith pixel,∩and (4) representing logical AND operation, wherein tau is a signal delay amount and is designed according to the pulse width required to be output.
And seventhly, the signal acquisition and processing module acquires the synthetic signal through a 10Gsps high-speed signal acquisition ADC chip, the synchronization of the synthetic signal is completed by a capture tracking synchronization algorithm, and the synchronous signal is demodulated, decoded and subjected to ranging calculation to obtain communication data and ranging data.
And step eight, the display monitoring module updates and displays the communication data, the ranging result and the spot centroid position information in real time.
Fig. 4 is a signal processing flow chart of the signal acquisition and processing module, where the original communication data includes telemetry data, ranging data, and the like, and each 7136bit of the original data is subjected to CRC check and RS (223,255) error correction coding to obtain 8160bit coded data. The encoded data is added with 64-bit header data and 776-bit padding data to form a frame of 9000-bit data, and the 9000-bit data is mapped into 2250 pulse position modulation symbols through time slot mapping. The 16-path angle measurement signals output by the 4 x4 single photon detection array are sampled by AD9695-625 and then transmitted to the FPGA for electric pulse counting, light spot gray imaging is obtained, the position of the centroid of the light spot in the 4 x4 array is calculated, and angle information is further obtained to control the piezoelectric deflection mirror. The high-speed signals synthesized by 16 paths of signals output by the 4 x4 single-photon detection array are sampled and quantized through an ADC12DJ5200RF, the FPGA carries out sliding relevant capture on the sampled data, stable tracking is realized through an early-late gate algorithm, and further, the data are subjected to error correction and decoding, communication data demodulation and distance measurement result calculation are carried out to realize communication and distance measurement.
The above detailed description is intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above detailed description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. Single photon detection array laser tracking angle measurement and communication range unit, its characterized in that: the system comprises an optical telescope, a piezoelectric deflection mirror, a piezoelectric controller, a single photon detection array, a signal amplification distribution network, a signal acquisition and processing module, a low-phase noise frequency synthesizer and an edge detection and multi-channel synthesizer;
the optical telescope is used for receiving a space laser signal transmitted by a satellite, completing the capture and tracking of the laser signal and transmitting the space laser signal to the piezoelectric deflection mirror in a focusing manner during the transit of the satellite;
the piezoelectric deflection mirror is used for reflecting laser signals received by the optical telescope, and adjusting the direction of an optical path to enable the signals to be accurately aligned with the central position of the single photon detection array;
the piezoelectric controller is used for controlling the two-dimensional deflection angle of the piezoelectric deflection mirror so as to control the transmission direction of the light path;
the high-sensitivity single photon detection array is used for realizing tracking and angle measurement of signals while receiving the signals, the single photon detection array formed by a plurality of single photon detectors increases the signal receiving area, and the signal receiving stability is improved relative to the receiving of a single photon detector; detecting an extremely weak downlink laser signal at a single photon level by a single photon detection array, and converting the signal into an electric pulse signal with a fast rising edge and an exponentially decayed falling edge; the array pixels receiving the photons output electric pulse signals, and the pixels not receiving the photons output low levels; calculating the position of a light spot in the array by using the energy difference of signals received by pixels in the single photon detection array, further obtaining the angle information of an incident laser signal, realizing signal angle measurement, and further tracking and measuring the angle of the signal while receiving the signal;
the signal amplification distribution network is used for receiving the multi-channel electric signals output by the single photon detection array, firstly amplifying the signal amplitude, and then dividing the amplified signals into two groups; one group of signals are sent to an edge detection and multi-channel synthesizer to carry out electric pulse rising edge detection and multi-channel signal synthesis, the other group of signals are sent to a signal acquisition and processing module to carry out light spot position calculation, and the laser signal incidence angle is calculated through the light spot position;
the signal acquisition and processing module realizes angle measurement based on the multi-channel electric pulse signals output by the signal amplification and distribution network on one hand, and realizes communication data demodulation and ranging time information measurement according to the synthesized signal on the other hand;
the low phase noise frequency synthesizer is used for generating a working clock of the signal acquisition and processing module and the edge detection and multi-channel synthesizer;
the edge detection and channel synthesizer is used for extracting edges of the multi-channel electric pulse signals after the signal conditioning and distribution network amplification processing, shaping the signals with fast rising edges and exponentially decaying falling edges, synthesizing the shaped multi-channel signals into a path of modulation signal, and sending the path of modulation signal to the signal acquisition and processing module for communication and distance measurement information processing.
2. The single photon detection array laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the high sensitivity means that the signal can be received by only a few photons/pulses, and the number of photons required by single pulse response reaches a single digit; the number of photons contained in the optical pulse in the extremely weak downlink laser signal is less than 100.
3. The method for laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement based on single photon detection array is realized based on the device for laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement according to claim 1 or 2, and is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, an optical telescope receives laser signals issued by a satellite and focuses the laser signals on a piezoelectric deflection mirror, a piezoelectric controller controls the piezoelectric deflection mirror to scan on a two-dimensional plane, fast search is conducted on satellite downlink laser signals incident from the optical telescope, the optical telescope rotates independently of the piezoelectric deflection mirror in a search stage, the optical telescope cooperatively rotates with the piezoelectric deflection mirror by taking a focus as an origin in a tracking stage, and the rotating angle of the optical telescope is twice the rotating angle of the piezoelectric deflection mirror;
step two, carrying out high-sensitivity receiving on laser signals reflected by the piezoelectric deflector by the NxM single-photon detection array, wherein the detection sensitivity is in a single-photon level, completing photoelectric conversion on satellite downlink laser signals, and outputting a plurality of paths of electric signals; n, M, the number of row and column pixels of the single photon detection array is respectively, the signal receiving area of the NxM single photon detection array is NM times of the receiving area of a single photon detector, and the more reliable signal receiving is realized;
amplifying the multi-channel electric signals output by the single photon detection array by a signal amplification and distribution network, distributing the multi-channel electric signals into two groups of signals, sending one group of signals to an edge detection and multi-channel synthesizer for electric pulse rising edge detection and multi-channel signal synthesis, sending the other group of signals to a signal acquisition and processing module for spot position calculation, and calculating the laser signal incidence angle through the spot position;
fourthly, the signal acquisition and processing module acquires a plurality of paths of signals output by the signal amplification distribution network, counts pulses in each path of signals, calculates the light spot mass center position as a signal tracking starting point when the light pulse count value received by a certain scanning resident point exceeds a threshold value, calculates the deflection angle according to the light spot mass center position, and outputs an angle control signal to the piezoelectric controller;
fifthly, the piezoelectric deflection mirror adjusts the deflection angle of the lens according to the control signal of the piezoelectric controller, so that the laser signal is positioned at the central position of the single photon detection array after being reflected by the piezoelectric deflection mirror;
step six, if the light pulse count value received by the residence point is smaller than the threshold value, returning to the step one, and controlling the piezoelectric deflection mirror to search the laser signal again; if the light pulse count value received by the scanning resident point of the deflection angle exceeds the threshold value, the deflection angle is continuously updated through the light spot mass center position, so that the light spot mass center is continuously positioned at the center position of the single photon receiving array, and the tracking angle measurement of the laser signal is realized;
collecting the analog electric signal synthesized by the edge detection and channel synthesizer by the signal collection and processing module, completing digital quantization of the analog electric signal, capturing, tracking, synchronously demodulating and decoding the digital signal, extracting communication data and ranging information, and realizing communication; the signal sent by the satellite contains sending time information, the receiving time information is recorded when the ground terminal receives the signal, the transmission time of the signal is obtained by the difference between the receiving time information and the demodulated sending time information, and the transmission distance of the signal is further calculated to realize ranging;
step eight, calculating the position of a light spot in the array by using the energy difference of signals received by the pixels in the single photon detection array according to the step four to the step six, further obtaining the angle information of the incident laser signal, and realizing signal angle measurement; according to the seventh step, the electric pulse signals output by the single photon detection array are utilized to realize communication and distance measurement; the single photon detection array is used for tracking and angle measuring of signals while signal receiving is completed, the laser tracking angle measuring and communication distance measuring system structure is simplified, and the utilization rate of received signals and the system detection sensitivity are improved.
4. The single photon detection array based laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement method of claim 3, wherein: in the fourth step of the method, the first step,
spot centroid position
(x i ,y i ) Is the coordinate of the ith pixel element, N is the number of the pixel elements of the single photon detection array, the center of the array is the origin of coordinates, I i The number of pulses received by the ith pixel in the measurement period;
the angle (theta) between the light path between the piezoelectric deflection mirror and the single photon detection array and the center of mass of the light spot at the origin of the array x ,θ y ) Comprises the following steps:
l is the distance between the piezoelectric deflection mirror and the single photon detection array;
in order to move the center of mass of the light spot to the center of the array, the deflection angle (delta theta) of the piezoelectric deflection mirror needs to be controlled x ,Δθ y ) Comprises the following steps:
5. the single photon detection array based laser tracking angle measurement and communication distance measurement method of claim 4, wherein: in the seventh step, the process is carried out,
the resultant signal r (t) is expressed as:
r i (t) is an output signal of the ith pixel; tau is signal delay quantity and is designed according to the pulse width required to be output;
the transmission signal s (t) is represented as:
where T is the symbol period, N is the position of the pulse within the symbol, information is transmitted by the position of the pulse within the symbol,
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115390084A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2022-11-25 | 合肥量芯科技有限公司 | Long-distance measurement method based on narrow pulse laser |
| CN116599599A (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-08-15 | 南京英田光学工程股份有限公司 | Communication and tracking integrated detection device based on single photon detection technology |
| CN116953953A (en) * | 2023-09-21 | 2023-10-27 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Method for installing and adjusting single photon detector in large caliber laser ranging optical system |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115390084A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2022-11-25 | 合肥量芯科技有限公司 | Long-distance measurement method based on narrow pulse laser |
| CN115390084B (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-02-28 | 合肥量芯科技有限公司 | Long-distance measurement method based on narrow pulse laser |
| CN116599599A (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-08-15 | 南京英田光学工程股份有限公司 | Communication and tracking integrated detection device based on single photon detection technology |
| CN116599599B (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-10-20 | 南京英田光学工程股份有限公司 | Communication and tracking integrated detection device based on single photon detection technology |
| CN116953953A (en) * | 2023-09-21 | 2023-10-27 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Method for installing and adjusting single photon detector in large caliber laser ranging optical system |
| CN116953953B (en) * | 2023-09-21 | 2023-11-21 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Method for installing and adjusting single photon detector in large caliber laser ranging optical system |
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