CN114859180B - Cable fault double-end positioning method based on continuous wave - Google Patents
Cable fault double-end positioning method based on continuous wave Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/083—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in cables, e.g. underground
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- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
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Abstract
The invention provides a continuous wave-based cable fault double-end positioning method, which ensures the synchronism of the time of the head and tail ends of a cable by arranging a traveling wave detection device, a traveling wave receiving device and a GPS module at the head and tail ends of the cable so as to ensure that the two ends of a cable line can synchronously receive fault information.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cable fault detection, in particular to a continuous wave-based cable fault double-end positioning method.
Background
The existing cable in power transmission can have faults after being damaged by external force or aged for a long time, and when the faults occur on the cable, the accurate and rapid finding of the fault occurrence position is particularly important. The most commonly used method at present is the single-ended localization method, also known as single-ended travelling wave ranging. The principle is as follows: by utilizing the characteristic that the wave speed of the traveling wave is unchanged, the time of the transient traveling wave reaching the measuring end for the first time and the time of the returning fault point reaching the measuring end after the first reflection are recorded, and then the fault position is calculated by utilizing a formula, so that when the single-ended positioning method is adopted, a certain blind area is formed for the fault point which is close to the transmitting end due to short reflection time, and the positioning result is influenced. For fault points which occur quite far from a transmitting end, the reflected signals are quite weak due to the attenuation characteristic of the traveling wave, and the positioning accuracy is affected; when single-end positioning is used, a pulse is injected into the cable, and under the action of additional power at a fault point of the cable, voltage and current waves close to the speed of light can appear, but only one pulse is injected in each test, only one reflected wave is returned, and the reflected wave is easily interfered by other noise when transmitted in the cable; when single-end positioning is used, a detection pulse is injected into the cable, the bandwidth of the detection pulse transmitted during testing is limited, the time width is very narrow, the detection precision is low, and the detection is easily affected by noise.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a continuous wave-based cable fault double-end positioning method, so as to solve at least the above problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A continuous wave based cable fault double-ended localization method, the method comprising the steps of:
Step 1: when the fault point is in an arcing state by adopting a three-level pulse method, a traveling wave detection device, a traveling wave receiving device and a GPS module are arranged at the head end and the tail end of the cable to ensure the synchronism of the time at the head end and the tail end of the cable so as to ensure that the two ends of a cable line can synchronously receive fault information;
step 2: transmitting continuous variable frequency signals at the head and tail ends of the cable simultaneously, and obtaining different frequency change functions of the signals at the head and tail ends of the cable;
step 3: continuously receiving and recording variable frequency signals simultaneously through traveling wave receiving devices arranged at the head end and the tail end of the cable until the arcing state is finished;
step 4: calculating short-time frequency spectrum of a continuous variable frequency signal received by the end-to-end double ends of the cable;
step 5: taking a function graph of the frequency and time of the variable frequency signals at the head end and the tail end of the cable as a template, performing template matching in a short-time frequency spectrum, identifying the incident variable frequency signals and the reflected variable frequency signals, and if the reflected variable frequency signals cannot be matched in the binarized short-time frequency spectrum at the head end and the tail end of the cable, enabling the cable to be normal without faults;
step 6: and calculating the fault position of the cable according to the positions of the identified incident variable frequency signal and the identified reflected variable frequency signal on a time axis in the short-time frequency spectrum.
Further, in step 2, the expression of the continuous variable frequency signal is specifically:
Wherein s 1 (N) and s 2 (N) are near-end and far-end transmitted continuous variable frequency signals, ω 1 (N) and ω 2 (N) are frequency variation functions of the near-end and far-end transmitted continuous variable frequency signals, ω 2(n)＝ω0-ω1(n),ω0 is a center frequency of a measurement frequency range, h 1 (m) and h 2 (m) are near-end and far-end filter coefficients, and N is a filter order.
Further, in step 3, the filter coefficients are adjusted by an objective function, which is specifically:
where ,H1(h1(0),h1(1),…,h1(N-1)),H2(h2(0),h2(1),…,h2(N-1,r1n and r2n are the near-end and far-end received frequency converted signals, E is desired.
Further, in step 4, the short-time spectrum of the double-ended received signal is calculated specifically as follows:
Where w (m) is an analysis window function, x (m) is a received variable frequency signal requiring short-time fourier processing, and short-time fourier transforms of the cable head-tail double-ended received signals are respectively obtained.
Further, in step 5, the function graph of the frequency and time of the variable frequency signals at the end and the end of the cable is used as a template, the template matching is performed in the short-time spectrum, the incident variable frequency signals and the reflected variable frequency signals are identified, if the reflected variable frequency signals are not matched in the binary short-time spectrum at the end and the end of the cable, the cable is normal and has no fault, and the specific steps are as follows:
step 5.1: binarizing the short-time spectrum image to enable the image to show an obvious contour;
Step 5.2: and carrying out open operation on the binarized image to eliminate partial small background noise points, wherein the formula is as follows: And then performing a closed operation to remove foreground noise of the image, wherein the formula is as follows: the interruption of the original targets of the images can be connected and the like;
Step 5.3: drawing a binarization function graph of omega 1 (n) or omega 2 (n) and time in the step 2, and taking the binarization function graph as a matching template;
Step 5.4: searching the binarized image of the step 5.3 for templates matching omega 1 (n) or omega 2 (n);
Step 5.5: if one of the matching templates is matched in the binarized image and the number is more than two, the graph with the earliest time is the transmitted variable frequency signal, and the graph with the second earliest time is the reflected variable frequency signal.
Further, in step 6, according to the identified positions of the incident variable frequency signal and the reflected variable frequency signal on the time axis in the short-time frequency spectrum, the fault position of the cable is calculated specifically as follows:
step 6.1: recording the positions of the identified transmitting variable frequency signals and the reflected variable frequency signals in the images;
Step 6.2: taking out frequency spectrum components corresponding to the binary image transmitting variable frequency signal positions in the short-time frequency spectrum chart;
step 6.3: performing inverse Fourier transform on the frequency spectrum component which corresponds to the binarized image transmission frequency conversion signal and is extracted in the step 6.2, and converting the frequency spectrum component into a time domain signal;
step 6.4: repeating the steps 6.2 and 6.3 by adopting the same method, and converting the reflection signals of the short-time spectrogram and the binarized image into a time domain;
step 6.5: the time domain transmitting signal and the reflecting signal are cross-correlated, the time corresponding to the maximum value of the cross-correlation is taken as the time difference between the transmitting signal and the reflecting signal, and the formula for solving the cross-correlation function is as follows:
Step 6.6: calculating the position of the fault according to the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave in the cable and the time difference delta t:
step 6.7: the calculation results of the near end and the far end are averaged as an estimate of the final fault location.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention provides a cable fault double-end positioning method based on continuous waves,
(1) Compared with the single-end positioning method, the invention uses the double-end positioning method, which can effectively eliminate the test blind area problem encountered in the single-end positioning method, and can effectively overcome the reflection pulse attenuation problem caused by traveling wave transmission attenuation, thereby improving the overall detection accuracy.
(2) The invention adopts continuous wave detection, can effectively utilize the whole duration time of large pulse, reaches the maximum value of the time-wide bandwidth product under the condition of certain bandwidth, and can effectively improve the accuracy and the robustness of detection.
(3) The invention can reduce the reflected waves at the two ends of the cable, can effectively utilize all detection data through short-time spectrum matching, has strong anti-interference and can effectively eliminate the interference of the opposite-end transmitting signals through the design of the frequency change function.
(4) The spectrum image of the received signal contains sufficient information, and can provide better basis for subsequent fault identification.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for locating two ends of a cable fault based on continuous waves according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings, the illustrated embodiments are provided for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a continuous wave based cable fault double-ended localization method, the method comprising the steps of:
Step 1: when the fault point is in an arcing state by adopting a three-level pulse method, a traveling wave detection device, a traveling wave receiving device and a GPS module are arranged at the head end and the tail end of the cable to ensure the synchronism of the time at the head end and the tail end of the cable so as to ensure that the two ends of a cable line can synchronously receive fault information;
when the cable breaks down, the equivalent circuit analysis is performed on the cable, the fault point can be regarded as an equivalent capacitor, when the equivalent capacitor of the fault cable is charged by using a capacitive high-voltage power supply with breakdown voltage greater than or equal to the equivalent capacitor, the fault point breaks down, meanwhile, the capacitive high-voltage power supply in the equipment discharges to the cable through a current limiting resistor, so that the high-resistance fault of the cable maintains an arcing state, and the electric quantity accumulated on the cable flows into the ground, therefore, when the fault point is in the arcing state by adopting a three-level pulse method, a traveling wave detection device, a traveling wave receiving device and a GPS module are arranged at the head end and the tail end of the cable to ensure the synchronism of the time at the head end and the tail end of the cable, so that the two ends of a cable line can synchronously receive fault information.
Step 2: transmitting continuous variable frequency signals at the head and tail ends of the cable simultaneously, and obtaining different frequency change functions of the signals at the head and tail ends of the cable;
step 3: continuously receiving and recording variable frequency signals simultaneously through traveling wave receiving devices arranged at the head end and the tail end of the cable until the arcing state is finished;
step 4: calculating short-time frequency spectrum of a continuous variable frequency signal received by the end-to-end double ends of the cable;
step 5: taking a function graph of the frequency and time of the variable frequency signals at the head end and the tail end of the cable as a template, performing template matching in a short-time frequency spectrum, identifying the incident variable frequency signals and the reflected variable frequency signals, and if the reflected variable frequency signals cannot be matched in the binarized short-time frequency spectrum at the head end and the tail end of the cable, enabling the cable to be normal without faults;
step 6: and calculating the fault position of the cable according to the positions of the identified incident variable frequency signal and the identified reflected variable frequency signal on a time axis in the short-time frequency spectrum.
In step 2, the expression of the continuous variable frequency signal is specifically:
Wherein s 1 (N) and s 2 (N) are near-end and far-end transmitted continuous variable frequency signals, ω 1 (N) and ω 2 (N) are frequency variation functions of the near-end and far-end transmitted continuous variable frequency signals, ω 2(n)＝ω0-ω1(n),ω0 is a center frequency of a measurement frequency range, h 1 (m) and h 2 (m) are near-end and far-end filter coefficients, and N is a filter order.
In step 3, the filter coefficients are adjusted by an objective function, specifically:
where ,H1(h1(0),h1(1),…,h1(N-1)),H2(h2(0),h2(1),…,h2(N-1,r1n and r2n are the near-end and far-end received frequency converted signals, E is desired.
In step 4, the short-time spectrum of the double-ended received signal is calculated specifically as:
Where w (m) is an analysis window function, x (m) is a received variable frequency signal requiring short-time fourier processing, and short-time fourier transforms of the cable head-tail double-ended received signals are respectively obtained.
In step 5, the function graph of the frequency and time of the variable frequency signal at the head and tail ends of the cable is used as a template, template matching is carried out in a short-time frequency spectrum, the incident variable frequency signal and the reflected variable frequency signal are identified, and if the reflected variable frequency signal is not matched in the binarized short-time frequency spectrum at the head and tail ends of the cable, the cable is normal and has no fault, and the specific steps are as follows:
step 5.1: binarizing the short-time spectrum image to enable the image to show an obvious contour;
Step 5.2: and carrying out open operation on the binarized image to eliminate partial small background noise points, wherein the formula is as follows: And then performing a closed operation to remove foreground noise of the image, wherein the formula is as follows: the interruption of the original targets of the images can be connected and the like;
Step 5.3: drawing a binarization function graph of omega 1 (n) or omega 2 (n) and time in the step 2, and taking the binarization function graph as a matching template;
Step 5.4: searching the binarized image of the step 5.3 for templates matching omega 1 (n) or omega 2 (n);
Step 5.5: if one of the matching templates is matched in the binarized image and the number is more than two, the graph with the earliest time is the transmitted variable frequency signal, and the graph with the second earliest time is the reflected variable frequency signal.
In step 6, according to the identified positions of the incident variable frequency signal and the reflected variable frequency signal on the time axis in the short-time frequency spectrum, the fault position of the cable is calculated specifically as follows:
step 6.1: recording the positions of the identified transmitting variable frequency signals and the reflected variable frequency signals in the images;
Step 6.2: taking out frequency spectrum components corresponding to the binary image transmitting variable frequency signal positions in the short-time frequency spectrum chart;
step 6.3: performing inverse Fourier transform on the frequency spectrum component which corresponds to the binarized image transmission frequency conversion signal and is extracted in the step 6.2, and converting the frequency spectrum component into a time domain signal;
step 6.4: repeating the steps 6.2 and 6.3 by adopting the same method, and converting the reflection signals of the short-time spectrogram and the binarized image into a time domain;
step 6.5: the time domain transmitting signal and the reflecting signal are cross-correlated, the time corresponding to the maximum value of the cross-correlation is taken as the time difference between the transmitting signal and the reflecting signal, and the formula for solving the cross-correlation function is as follows:
Step 6.6: calculating the position of the fault according to the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave in the cable and the time difference delta t:
step 6.7: the calculation results of the near end and the far end are averaged as an estimate of the final fault location.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A continuous wave based cable fault double-ended positioning method, the method comprising the steps of:
Step 1: when the fault point is in an arcing state by adopting a three-level pulse method, a traveling wave detection device, a traveling wave receiving device and a GPS module are arranged at the head end and the tail end of the cable to ensure the synchronism of the time at the head end and the tail end of the cable so as to ensure that the two ends of a cable line can synchronously receive fault information;
step 2: transmitting continuous variable frequency signals at the head and tail ends of the cable simultaneously, and obtaining different frequency change functions of the signals at the head and tail ends of the cable;
step 3: continuously receiving and recording variable frequency signals simultaneously through traveling wave receiving devices arranged at the head end and the tail end of the cable until the arcing state is finished;
step 4: calculating short-time frequency spectrum of a continuous variable frequency signal received by the end-to-end double ends of the cable;
step 5: taking a function graph of the frequency and time of the variable frequency signals at the head end and the tail end of the cable as a template, performing template matching in a short-time frequency spectrum, identifying the incident variable frequency signals and the reflected variable frequency signals, and if the reflected variable frequency signals cannot be matched in the binarized short-time frequency spectrum at the head end and the tail end of the cable, enabling the cable to be normal without faults;
Step 6: according to the identified positions of the incident variable frequency signal and the reflected variable frequency signal on a time axis in a short-time frequency spectrum, calculating the fault position of the cable, wherein the calculating the fault position of the cable specifically comprises the following steps:
step 6.1: recording the positions of the identified transmitting variable frequency signals and the reflected variable frequency signals in the images;
Step 6.2: taking out frequency spectrum components corresponding to the binary image transmitting variable frequency signal positions in the short-time frequency spectrum chart;
step 6.3: performing inverse Fourier transform on the frequency spectrum component which corresponds to the binarized image transmission frequency conversion signal and is extracted in the step 6.2, and converting the frequency spectrum component into a time domain signal;
step 6.4: repeating the steps 6.2 and 6.3 by adopting the same method, and converting the reflection signals of the short-time spectrogram and the binarized image into a time domain;
step 6.5: the time domain transmitting signal and the reflecting signal are cross-correlated, the time corresponding to the maximum value of the cross-correlation is taken as the time difference between the transmitting signal and the reflecting signal, and the formula for solving the cross-correlation function is as follows:
Step 6.6: calculating the position of the fault according to the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave in the cable and the time difference delta t:
step 6.7: the calculation results of the near end and the far end are averaged as an estimate of the final fault location.
2. The method for locating both ends of a cable fault based on continuous wave according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the expression of the continuous variable frequency signal is specifically:
Wherein s 1 (N) and s 2 (N) are near-end and far-end transmitted continuous variable frequency signals, ω 1 (N) and ω 2 (N) are frequency variation functions of the near-end and far-end transmitted continuous variable frequency signals, ω 2(n)＝ω0-ω1(n),ω0 is a center frequency of a measurement frequency range, h 1 (m) and h 2 (m) are near-end and far-end filter coefficients, and N is a filter order.
3. The method for locating both ends of a cable fault based on continuous waves according to claim 2, wherein in step 3, the filter coefficients are adjusted by an objective function, which is specifically:
Where ,H1(h1(0),h1(1),…,h1(N-1)),H2(h2(0),h2(1),…,h2(N-1)),r1(n) and r 2 (n) are the near-end and far-end received frequency converted signals, E [ ] are desired.
4. A method for locating double ends of cable faults based on continuous waves according to claim 3, wherein in step 4, the calculation of the short time spectrum of the double end received signal is specifically:
Where w (m) is an analysis window function, x (m) is a received variable frequency signal requiring short-time fourier processing, and short-time fourier transforms of the cable head-tail double-ended received signals are respectively obtained.
5. The method for locating two ends of a cable fault based on continuous wave according to claim 4, wherein in step 5, a function graph of frequency and time of a variable frequency signal at the end and the end of the cable is used as a template, template matching is performed in a short-time spectrum, and an incident variable frequency signal and a reflected variable frequency signal are identified, if the reflected variable frequency signal is not matched in a binary short-time spectrum at the end and the end of the cable, the cable is normal without fault, and the specific steps are as follows:
step 5.1: binarizing the short-time spectrum image to enable the image to show an obvious contour;
Step 5.2: and carrying out open operation on the binarized image to eliminate partial small background noise points, wherein the formula is as follows: And then performing a closed operation to remove foreground noise of the image, wherein the formula is as follows: the interruption of the original targets of the images can be connected and the like;
Step 5.3: drawing a binarization function graph of omega 1 (n) or omega 2 (n) and time in the step 2, and taking the binarization function graph as a matching template;
Step 5.4: searching the binarized image of the step 5.3 for templates matching omega 1 (n) or omega 2 (n);
Step 5.5: if one of the matching templates is matched in the binarized image and the number is more than two, the graph with the earliest time is the transmitted variable frequency signal, and the graph with the second earliest time is the reflected variable frequency signal.
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