CN114858098A - Multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator, transit verification system and verification method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator, which comprises an objective lens, an inner focusing lens, a collimation reticle, a collimation spectroscope, a reference reticle, an image acquisition spectroscope, a photosensitive element and a visual eyepiece, wherein the inner focusing lens is positioned between the objective lens and the collimation spectroscope and can image a target in a range from a limited range to an infinite range on the reference reticle of the collimator, the reference reticle is positioned between the collimation spectroscope and the image acquisition spectroscope, the central coordinate of the reference reticle can be extracted through image processing software to determine the optical axis central position of the collimator, and the functions of photoelectric collimation measurement, photoelectric aiming measurement and the like can be realized. In addition, the invention also provides a transit calibrating system and a transit calibrating method based on the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator tube, which can detect the angle measuring precision and a plurality of technical indexes of the transit.

Description

Multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator, transit verification system and verification method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of optical measurement, in particular to a multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator, a transit verification system and a verification method.

Background

The autocollimation collimator is a collimator with autocollimation function, mainly composed of collimation reticle, light source, objective, receiving reticle (optical autocollimation mode) or photoelectric sensitive device (photoelectric autocollimation mode). The functions of a common collimator and a collimating telescope are combined, the light source projects an image of a collimating reticle positioned on a focal plane of an objective lens to infinity, collimated light returned by a reflector is imaged on a detection surface of a receiving reticle or a photoelectric photosensitive device which is also positioned on a focal plane (confocal system) of the objective lens after passing through the objective lens, when the reflector deflects at an angle, the image of the returned reticle on the visual reticle or the photoelectric photosensitive device generates corresponding displacement, and the deflection angle of the reflector can be accurately calculated by accurately measuring a displacement value, so that the aim of collimating measurement is finally fulfilled.

The theodolite is a measuring instrument designed according to the angle measuring principle and used for measuring horizontal angles and vertical angles, the telescope can point to different directions through the horizontal and vertical direction rotating functions of the theodolite, and the theodolite is provided with two rotating shafts which are perpendicular to each other so as to adjust the horizontal and vertical directions of the telescope. The optical instrument needs to be calibrated and calibrated regularly, and the calibration of the theodolite is usually carried out by adopting a multi-tooth dividing table method or a multi-target method to carry out verification or calibration on the optical performance part. At present, calibration and verification operations are required to be performed under stable environmental conditions, and the theodolite verification system is generally fixed indoors and subjected to vibration isolation treatment in order to ensure the accuracy of the theodolite verification system, so that the theodolite is difficult to recalibrate once the conditions such as transportation accidents and installation errors occur to the theodolite needing field operation.

When the collimator is normally used, the photoelectric sensor is directly adopted to replace a common collimator reticle, the imaging condition is obtained in an image acquisition mode, only relative measurement can be carried out at present, absolute angle deviation cannot be measured, and the collimator reticle has no visual function. Meanwhile, the precision detection of the theodolite still needs manual operation at present, aiming with a collimator reticle is realized by observing a theodolite telescope through human eyes, and corresponding aiming errors exist; the detection method has quite high requirements on experience of operators, has large requirements on eyes during detection, is easy to generate fatigue to cause errors, and is not suitable for long-time observation.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator which can realize high-precision measurement and multi-project measurement of an instrument.

In order to achieve one of the above purposes, or part or all of the purposes, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the invention provides a multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator, which comprises an objective lens, an inner focusing lens, a collimation spectroscope, a collimation reticle, a light source, a reference reticle and an image acquisition lens, wherein the objective lens is arranged on the inner focusing lens; and the illumination light containing the information of the external measured mark or the information of the collimation reticle is imaged on the reference reticle through the objective lens and the inner focusing lens. The collimation reticle and the reference reticle are in a conjugate state. The multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator comprises an inner focusing lens, the function of near point measurement can be realized by adjusting the focal length of the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator, and the reference reticle is simulated as a near point target. The standard reticle comprises regular geometric marks capable of extracting the center coordinates of the standard reticle, the inner focusing lens is arranged between the objective lens and the collimation spectroscope, and the standard reticle is arranged between the spectroscope and the image acquisition lens. Further, a visual lens and/or a photosensitive element may be provided for viewing or collecting images. The image collecting lens is an image collecting spectroscope, for example, light is divided into two parts by the image collecting spectroscope, one part is reflected to the photosensitive element, and the other part is projected to the visual ocular lens for observation of human eyes.

In order to achieve one or part or all of the purposes, the invention provides a theodolite verification system which comprises a multi-tooth dividing table, a to-be-detected theodolite and a theodolite verification device, wherein the theodolite verification device comprises a lifting mechanism and a first multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator, namely a main multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator, and a second multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator, namely an auxiliary multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator, the first multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator and the second multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator are vertically distributed in the vertical direction, and the second multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator is preferably two and is respectively positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the first multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator. Theodolite calibrating installation simple structure, convenient to carry owing to be equipped with multi-functional photoelectric detection collimator, theodolite calibrating installation can carry out the self-calibration of benchmark reticle infinity state, consequently theodolite verification system can realize the detection to theodolite main technical index when field work on the basis of the angle measurement precision detection that realizes the theodolite.

In order to achieve one or part or all of the purposes, the invention provides a transit calibrating method, which comprises the steps of carrying out self calibration on a transit calibrating device, arranging a transit to be detected on a multi-tooth dividing table, and imaging a reticle of the transit to be detected on a multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator reference reticle; the method comprises the steps of collecting imaging of a reticle of a to-be-detected theodolite on a reference reticle, and analyzing deviation between a central coordinate of the image of the to-be-detected theodolite reticle and the central coordinate of the reference reticle. In general, the amount of deviation can be derived directly by software analysis. And synthesizing the deviation amount and the angle of the theodolite to be detected, namely the angle value of the theodolite to be detected when the theodolite to be detected strictly aims at the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator reference reticle.

In order to achieve one or part or all of the purposes, the invention provides a transit calibrating method, firstly, the telescope angle of the transit to be detected is adjusted up and down, and the transit telescope angle is respectively aligned with an auxiliary multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator (collimator arranged up and down), so that a reticle of the transit to be detected is imaged on a reference reticle of the auxiliary multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator; the imaging of the reticle of the theodolite to be detected is collected by the photoreceptor element; and finally, analyzing the deviation amount of the central coordinate of the image of the transit reticle to be detected and the central coordinate of the reference reticle, and finally obtaining the angle value of the corresponding sighting auxiliary multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator of the transit to be detected when aiming at the reference reticle of the collimator.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator can realize the functions of photoelectric aiming measurement and photoelectric collimation measurement by configuring a special reference reticle and professional image processing software, further expands the use range of the collimator, can be further applied to the precision verification of a theodolite, can detect the precision of a goniometer with a reflecting surface, replaces the traditional human eye aiming measurement method, reduces the test intensity of the theodolite, improves the test precision, and expands the precision test method of the goniometer. In addition, the standard reticle lighting device can be additionally arranged, the function of a common collimator can be realized, and the standard reticle lighting device is suitable for general occasions.

The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an auto-collimation measurement method of a multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a theodolite verification system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for calibrating the accuracy of the horizontal angle of the theodolite in the third embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the multifunctional photodetection collimator in the first embodiment.

Reference numerals: 100-a light source; 110-an objective lens; 120-inner focusing lens; 121-a focusing hand wheel; 130-collimating reticle; 140-a collimating beam splitter; 150-a reference reticle; 160-image acquisition spectroscope; 170-visual eyepiece; 180-a photosensitive element; 1-a multi-tooth indexing table; 2-theodolite to be detected; 3-theodolite calibrating device; 4-main multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator; 5-auxiliary multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator; 6-leveling mechanism.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Referring to fig. 1, the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator tube in the first embodiment includes a light source 100, an objective lens 110, an inner focusing lens 120, a collimating reticle 130, a collimating beamsplitter 140, a reference reticle 150, and image capturing lenses, optical centers of the objective lens 110, the inner focusing lens 120, the collimating reticle 130, the collimating reticle 140, the reference reticle 150, and the image capturing lenses are located on the same axis, in this embodiment, the image capturing lenses are image capturing beamsplitters 160, the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator tube further includes a photosensitive element 180 and a visual eyepiece 170, an illumination light including external measured mark information or the collimating reticle 130 information is imaged on the reference reticle 150 through the objective lens 110 and the inner focusing lens 120, and a portion of the illumination light is reflected to the photosensitive element 180 under the action of the image capturing beamsplitters 160, another portion of the split light is projected to a visual eyepiece 170.

The reference reticle 150 is located between the collimating beam splitter 140 and the image collecting beam splitter 160, and the collimating reticle 130 and the reference reticle 150 are in a conjugate state. The reference reticle 150 is additionally arranged, so that a visual reference of the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator during image acquisition and the optical axis center position of the collimator are provided.

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, in the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator of the present embodiment, because the reference reticle 150 is additionally installed, during auto-collimation measurement, firstly, the center coordinates of the reference reticle 150 are collected by software, the light source 100 irradiates the collimation reticle 130 located on the focal plane of the objective lens 110 and projects the collimated light to an infinite distance, the collimated light returned by the plane mirror (not shown in the figure) is imaged again on the reference reticle 150 also located on the focal plane of the objective lens 110 by the objective lens 110 and the inner focusing mirror 120 through the objective lens 110 and is projected to the photosensitive element 180 through the image collecting spectroscope 160, so that the software analyzes the collimated data, and a part of the collimated light passes through the ocular lens 170 and can be used for the human eye to observe the imaging condition of the collimation reticle. The difference value of the imaged geometric center point coordinate of the collimation reticle 130 and the center coordinate of the reference reticle 150 is compared through software, so that the auto-collimation measurement of the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator can be realized.

In the prior art, when an optical instrument is detected, a collimator is usually fixed, and a reticle of the optical instrument and a reference reticle of the collimator are aimed until centers of the two reticles are strictly superposed, but the detection method has high requirements on the capability of detection personnel, and is easy to produce eyestrain in a long-time detection process to influence the final detection precision. In this embodiment, a dedicated reference reticle 150 is configured in the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator, so that the photoelectric collimation function of the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator can be realized, specifically, when performing photoelectric detection, an optical instrument is aligned with the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator, a light source irradiates the optical instrument reticle to form an image on the reference reticle 150 of the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator, and the image on the reference reticle 150 is collected by the photosensitive element 180, so that the imaging state of the optical instrument reticle can be obtained, thereby improving the problem of the prior art that human eye observation is needed, and more preferably, dedicated image processing software can be configured for the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator, and the imaging data of the reticle is automatically processed by software, so as to further simplify the instrument detection process, in addition, because the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator also comprises the visual eyepiece 170, a detector can observe the imaging state of the instrument reticle on the reference reticle 150 through the visual eyepiece 170.

In this embodiment, different from the collimator in the prior art, the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator is further provided with an inner focusing mirror 120, as shown in fig. 5, the inner focusing mirror 120 can be adjusted by a focusing handwheel 121, so that the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator can simulate a near point target, and an observation condition of an optical instrument on the near point target is realized. Specifically, during measurement, the focusing hand wheel 121 on the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator is adjusted, the position of the target reticle is adjusted to be at a position of 2m in a simulated mode, the imaging center of the target reticle on the reference reticle 150 at the time is collected through image processing software, then the focusing hand wheel is rotated again, the position of the target reticle is adjusted to be at a position which is at a position which the position of the target reticle, the imaging center coordinate of the target reticle is collected again, and the two obtained coordinates are subtracted from each other, so that the focusing error of the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator is obtained. Similarly, the inner focusing lens 120 of the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator can be adjusted back and forth on the optical axis, and the reference reticle 150 is illuminated by the light source, so that the reference reticle 150 can be simulated as a target with limited distance to infinite distance for external devices and observation.

In other cases, the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator in this embodiment may also be used to measure the straightness of the guide rail, a plane mirror is disposed above the guide rail, the auto-collimation function of the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator is adopted to collect the image of the collimation reticle 130 reflected back by the plane mirror, and the central coordinate of the image of the collimation reticle 130 on the reference reticle 150 is read out, then the guide rail is operated to move, the change of the central coordinate data of the image of the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator 130 is recorded during the moving process, and the change is processed by the image processing software, so as to obtain the straightness error of the guide rail.

The above is only a partial functional usage manner of the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator in this embodiment, but is not limited thereto, and in other embodiments, the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator may also be used in other photoelectric measurement scenarios, and a specific reference reticle and image processing software are not specifically described herein.

The theodolite calibration system comprises a multi-tooth dividing table 1, a to-be-tested theodolite 2, a theodolite calibration device 3 and a portable PC (not shown in the figure), wherein the theodolite calibration device comprises a leveling mechanism 6, a lifting mechanism (not shown in the figure), a first multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator and a second multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator, the first multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator is a main multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator 4, the second multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator is an auxiliary multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator 5, the number of the first multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator is preferably 2, and the first multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator and the second multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator are respectively an upper multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator and a lower multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator. When detecting, it settles in to be examined theodolite 2 on multi-tooth indexing table 1, utilize the leveling mechanism who is examined theodolite 2 from the area to carry out the leveling to being examined theodolite 2, multi-tooth indexing table 1 provides the standard angle for being examined theodolite 2 when measuring, leveling mechanism 6 is used for theodolite calibrating installation's leveling, elevating system is steerable theodolite calibrating installation's height, first, the multi-functional photoelectric detection collimator of second are used for detecting and examine the theodolite. The portable PC can be used for image processing and data processing, human eye aiming of theodolite testers can be replaced by an image interpretation mode through image processing software, and aiming operation during testing can also be performed through real-time image display.

Through designing above-mentioned theodolite verification system, the photoelectric collimation measurement function and the photoelectric collimation measurement function of multi-functional photoelectric detection collimator combine the application to can detect each item conventional technical index of waiting to examine the theodolite.

In current theodolite calibration equipment, select 550 collimator usually for use, focus is 550 mm's collimator promptly, and the light pipe total length reaches about 600mm usually, and this verification system is for multiple environment demands such as adaptation indoor, field, consequently adopts interior focusing formula telescope light path to design into dedicated multi-functional photoelectric detection collimator, multi-functional photoelectric detection collimator's effective bore is 48mm, and the front end focus is 315mm, and end optical amplification is 1.85 ^x 。

In the transit verification system in this embodiment, the photosensitive element in the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator tube is a CMOS image sensor with a pixel size of 4.8 mm' 4.8mm, so that a resolution of a single pixel of a CMOS is 1.7 "according to an algorithm, and when a software subdivision accuracy of image processing is 1/20, an image resolution is 0.09", which greatly improves detection accuracy compared with 0.2 "in the prior art.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a third embodiment of the present invention provides a method for detecting the accuracy of the horizontal angle of a theodolite, which includes selecting image processing software as a sighting mode, extracting the center coordinates of a reference reticle of a main multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator 4, leveling a theodolite 2 to be detected, imaging the reticle of the theodolite 2 to be detected on the reference reticle, extracting the imaging center coordinates of the reticle of the theodolite 2 to be detected by the image processing software, obtaining a deviation value of the center coordinates of the two reticles through software analysis, and synthesizing the deviation value with the angle of the theodolite 2 to be detected, thereby obtaining an angle value when the theodolite 2 to be detected accurately targets at the center of the reference reticle.

In the whole process of measuring the horizontal angle precision, the multi-tooth dividing table 1 is reversed in sequence according to the method, the collimation part of the measured instrument is rotated in sequence, the telescope collimates the main collimator 4, and the corresponding azimuth reading of the measured theodolite 2 can be measured in sequence, and the measured data is compared with the corresponding standard angle value of the multi-tooth dividing table 1, so that the one-time horizontal survey angle indication error of the measured instrument can be calculated.

In the above, for the method for detecting the accuracy of the horizontal angle of the detected theodolite 2 and the main multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator 4, similarly, when the accuracy detection of the detected theodolite 2 and the auxiliary multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator 5 is performed, only the telescope angle of the detected theodolite 2 needs to be adjusted up and down, and the auxiliary multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator 5 (the upper and lower collimator arranged) is respectively aligned, so that the reticle of the detected theodolite 2 is imaged on the reference reticle of the auxiliary multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator 5; then the imaging of the reticle of the transit 2 to be detected is collected by the photoreceptor element; and finally, analyzing the deviation amount of the central coordinate of the image of the reticle of the transit 2 to be detected and the central coordinate of the reference reticle, and finally obtaining the corresponding angle value of the transit to be detected when aiming at the reference reticle of the auxiliary multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator.

In other embodiments, the main multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator 4 and the auxiliary multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator 5 can be matched to detect the sighting error, the index error and other conventional technical indexes of the theodolite 2 to be detected, and the invention is not specifically described herein.

In summary, the invention designs a multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator, which can simultaneously realize photoelectric aiming measurement and photoelectric collimation measurement functions by adding a standard reticle design and professional image processing software to form the multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator, thereby expanding the use range of the collimator. In addition, the theodolite verification system is simple in structure, easy to carry and self-calibration, so that indoor and field operation environments can be considered.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator tube comprises an objective lens, an inner focusing lens, a collimation spectroscope, a collimation reticle, a light source, a reference reticle and an image acquisition lens, and is characterized in that a light beam containing external measured mark information or the collimation reticle information is imaged on the reference reticle through the objective lens and the inner focusing lens, the image acquisition lens is used for carrying out image acquisition on the reference reticle, and the reference reticle and the collimation reticle are in a conjugate state.

2. The multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reference reticle includes a marker for extracting coordinates of the central point.

3. The multifunctional photodetecting collimator as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a vision lens and/or a photosensitive element for observing or collecting an image.

4. The multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator as claimed in claim 3, wherein the image capturing lens is an image capturing beam splitter, and a visual lens and a photosensitive element are provided, and a part of the light beam is projected to the photosensitive element and another part of the light beam is projected to a visual eyepiece under the action of the beam splitter.

5. The theodolite calibration system is characterized by comprising a multi-tooth dividing table, a to-be-tested theodolite and a theodolite calibration device, wherein the theodolite calibration device comprises a leveling mechanism, a lifting mechanism and a multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator.

6. The theodolite verification system as claimed in claim 5, wherein said theodolite verification device includes 3 multi-functional electro-optical detection collimator.

7. The theodolite verification system of claim 6, wherein the 3 collimator are vertically distributed in a vertical direction.

8. The theodolite verification system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the multifunctional photodetection collimator is any one of the multifunctional photodetection collimators claimed in claims 1 to 6.

9. A calibration method of a transit calibration system is characterized by comprising the following steps:

self-calibrating a reference reticle in a theodolite calibration device;

the theodolite to be detected is arranged on a multi-tooth dividing table, so that the theodolite to be detected is aligned with a main multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator in a theodolite detection device, and a reticle of the theodolite to be detected is imaged on a reference reticle of the main multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator;

the photosensitive element collects the imaging of the reticle of the theodolite to be detected;

analyzing the deviation amount of the central coordinate of the image of the transit reticle to be detected and the central coordinate of the reference reticle;

and synthesizing the deviation value and the angle of the transit to be detected, namely the angle value when the transit to be detected strictly aims at the reference reticle of the main multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the theodolite verification system is further characterized by,

adjusting the telescope angle of the theodolite to be detected up and down, and respectively aligning the theodolite telescope to auxiliary multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator tubes, wherein the auxiliary multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator tubes are arranged up and down, so that the reticle of the theodolite to be detected is imaged on a reference reticle of the auxiliary multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator tubes;

the photoreceptor element collects the imaging of the reticle of the transit to be detected;

analyzing the deviation amount of the central coordinate of the image of the reticle of the tested theodolite and the central coordinate of the reference reticle, and synthesizing the deviation amount and the angle value of the tested theodolite, namely the angle value when the tested theodolite strictly aims at the reference reticle of the auxiliary multifunctional photoelectric detection collimator.

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