CN114856741A - Rankine cycle system, waste heat recycling system with same and vehicle - Google Patents
Rankine cycle system, waste heat recycling system with same and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN114856741A CN114856741A CN202110076448.1A CN202110076448A CN114856741A CN 114856741 A CN114856741 A CN 114856741A CN 202110076448 A CN202110076448 A CN 202110076448A CN 114856741 A CN114856741 A CN 114856741A
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000010795 Steam Flooding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B23/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01B23/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B31/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01B31/26—Other component parts, details, or accessories, peculiar to steam engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B31/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01B31/26—Other component parts, details, or accessories, peculiar to steam engines
- F01B31/28—Cylinders or cylinder covers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Abstract
The invention provides a Rankine cycle system, and a waste heat recovery and utilization system and a vehicle with the same, wherein the Rankine cycle system comprises an evaporator, an expander connected to an outlet of the evaporator, a condenser connected to an outlet of the expander, a thermodynamic pump and an energy storage device, the thermodynamic pump comprises a steam driving part connected between the outlet of the evaporator and an inlet of the condenser, a hydraulic pressurization part connected between the outlet of the condenser and the inlet of the evaporator and a linkage rod; the accumulator is connected to a circulation line of the rankine cycle system. On one hand, a steam driving part of the heat pump and the expander are connected in parallel with the outlet of the evaporator, and high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous working media from the evaporator directly enter the expander without pressure loss, so that the expander is ensured to work under full pressure, and the output efficiency is high; on the other hand, the energy storage device is arranged, so that the effect of balancing the pressure of the working medium is achieved in the operation process of the system, and the output of the expansion machine is stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy, in particular to a Rankine cycle system, and a waste heat recycling system and a vehicle with the Rankine cycle system.
Background
The Rankine cycle generally refers to an ideal cycle process taking water vapor as a working medium, and mainly comprises an isentropic compression process, an isobaric heating process, an isentropic expansion process and an isobaric condensation process, and is used for a power cycle of a steam plant. Later, the water vapor was replaced with a low boiling point Organic working fluid to form an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC).
No matter which working medium is used, the Rankine cycle system comprises four parts, namely an evaporator, an expander, a condenser and a working medium pump; the working principle is as follows: the working medium pump inputs the working medium into the evaporator at a certain pressure, the working medium is heated and evaporated by waste heat obtained by the evaporator to become high-temperature and high-pressure saturated gas, the saturated gas pushes the expander to do work, the working medium expanded by the expander becomes low-pressure gas state, the low-pressure gas state enters the condenser to be condensed into liquid working medium, and the liquid working medium returns to the electric working medium pump to form circulation.
The electric working medium pump needs to consume higher electric energy, so that the net output power of the whole Rankine cycle system is reduced, and the efficiency is reduced; in addition, the electric working medium pump has complex structure, large appearance volume and heavy weight, and is often required to be provided with a control system for adjusting the flow, so the cost is high; the overall Rankine cycle system is large in appearance volume, heavy in weight, high in cost and poor in use economy.
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide a rankine cycle system, and a waste heat recycling system and a vehicle having the rankine cycle system, so as to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a Rankine cycle system, and an exhaust heat recovery and utilization system and a vehicle with the Rankine cycle system.
In order to solve one of the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a rankine cycle system including an evaporator, an expander connected to an outlet of the evaporator, a condenser connected to an outlet of the expander, the rankine cycle system further comprising:
the heat pump comprises a steam driving part connected between the outlet of the evaporator and the inlet of the condenser, a hydraulic pressurizing part connected between the outlet of the condenser and the inlet of the evaporator and a linkage rod;
and an accumulator connected to the circulation line of the rankine cycle system.
Further, the accumulator is connected between the outlet of the evaporator and the inlet of the expander.
Further, the accumulator is connected between the hydraulic booster and the inlet of the evaporator.
Further, the Rankine cycle system further comprises a throttle valve connected to a circulation pipe of the Rankine cycle system.
Further, the throttle valve is connected before the evaporator inlet.
Further, the accumulator is connected between the hydraulic boosting part and the inlet of the evaporator, and the throttle valve is connected between the accumulator and the inlet of the evaporator.
Further, the steam driving part comprises a cylinder and a gas piston positioned in the cylinder, and the gas piston divides the cylinder into a first gas cavity and a second gas cavity; the hydraulic pressurization part comprises a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic piston positioned in the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic piston divides the hydraulic cylinder into a first liquid cavity and a second liquid cavity; two ends of the linkage rod are respectively connected with the hydraulic piston and the gas piston;
the cylinder is connected between the outlet of the evaporator and the inlet of the condenser through a first valve assembly, the first valve assembly is communicated with the outlet of the evaporator and the inlet of the first air cavity and is communicated with the outlet of the second air cavity and the inlet of the condenser in one working state, and the first valve assembly is communicated with the outlet of the evaporator and the inlet of the second air cavity and is communicated with the outlet of the first air cavity and the inlet of the condenser in another working state;
the hydraulic cylinder is connected between the outlet of the condenser and the inlet of the evaporator through a second valve assembly, the second valve assembly is communicated with the outlet of the condenser and the inlet of the first liquid cavity and communicated with the outlet of the second liquid cavity and the inlet of the evaporator in the first working state, and the second valve assembly is communicated with the outlet of the condenser and the inlet of the second liquid cavity and communicated with the outlet of the first liquid cavity and the inlet of the evaporator in the second working state.
The waste heat utilization system comprises a waste heat source and any Rankine cycle system, and the evaporator is in heat conduction connection with the waste heat source.
And the vehicle comprises any Rankine cycle system, and the evaporator is in heat conduction connection with a waste heat source of the vehicle.
Further, the vehicle also comprises a refrigerating system, the refrigerating system comprises a compressor, a condenser, a throttling element and an evaporator which are connected into a circulation loop through pipelines, and the expander is connected with the compressor to drive the compressor to work.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: on one hand, a steam driving part of the heat pump and the expansion machine are connected in parallel to an outlet of the evaporator, high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous working media from the evaporator directly enter the expansion machine, no pressure loss exists, the expansion machine is guaranteed to work under full pressure, and the output efficiency is high; on the other hand, the energy accumulator is arranged, working media with certain pressure are stored in the energy accumulator, the effect of balancing the pressure of the working media is achieved in the system operation process, and the output of the expansion machine is stable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a Rankine cycle system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a Rankine cycle system according to another preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a Rankine cycle system according to another preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a Rankine cycle system according to another preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a heat pump in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the X-X direction of fig. 5.
The system comprises a 100-Rankine cycle system, a 1-evaporator, a 2-expander, a 3-condenser, a 4-heat pump, a 41-steam driving part, a 411-air cylinder, a 412-air piston, a 413-first air chamber, a 414-second air chamber, a 42-hydraulic pressurizing part, a 421-liquid cylinder, a 422-hydraulic piston, a 423-first liquid chamber, a 424-second liquid chamber, a 43-linkage rod, a 44-connecting seat, a 441-containing chamber, a 45-return pipe, a 51-first valve component, a 511-mechanical valve, a 512-lever, a 513-first knocking structure, a 514-second knocking structure, a 52-second valve component, a 6-energy accumulator and a 7-throttling valve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments shown in the drawings. These embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and structural, methodological, or functional changes made by those skilled in the art according to these embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention.
In the various drawings of the present invention, some dimensions of structures or portions are exaggerated relative to other structures or portions for convenience of illustration, and thus, are used only to illustrate the basic structure of the subject matter of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the rankine cycle system 100 of the present invention includes an evaporator 1, an expander 2, a condenser 3, a heat pump 4, and a working fluid in a circulation circuit, which are connected in this order by pipes to constitute the circulation circuit.
The evaporator 1, the expander 2, and the condenser 3 may be of the prior art, or may be of a new type designed specifically for rankine cycle. The evaporator 1 obtains heat energy from heat sources such as industrial waste heat, geothermal energy, solar energy, biomass energy, ocean energy and the like, so that the working medium absorbs the heat energy to generate high-temperature and high-pressure steam; high-temperature and high-pressure steam enters the expander 2 to do work and then is changed into low-pressure gaseous working media, and the expander 2 drives a generator, a compressor and the like to work through a mechanical connection structure, so that waste heat utilization is realized; the low-pressure gaseous working medium enters the condenser 3 to be condensed into a liquid working medium, and the liquid working medium returns to the evaporator 1 through the heat pump 4 to form circulation. The focus of the present invention is on the heat pump 4 and its manner of connection within the rankine cycle system 100.
Different from the traditional electric working medium pump, the high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by the evaporator 1 is used as power to drive the heat pump 4 to work, and the heat pump 4 drives the working medium to circularly flow in the Rankine cycle system 100. The heat pump 4 and its connection to other components will be described in detail below with emphasis on the following.
The heat pump 4 comprises a steam driving part 41, a hydraulic pressurization part 42 and a linkage rod 43, wherein the linkage rod 43 is connected with the steam driving part 41 and the hydraulic pressurization part 42, so that the steam driving part 41 drives the hydraulic pressurization part 42 to work.
In the present invention, the steam driving part 41 includes a cylinder 411 and a gas piston 412 located in the cylinder 411, and the gas piston 412 divides the cylinder 411 into a first gas chamber 413 and a second gas chamber 414; at least one sealing ring is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the gas piston 412, and when the gas piston 412 moves in the cylinder 411, the first gas chamber 413 and the second gas chamber 414 are always independent from each other, and thus their lengths are offset.
The hydraulic pressurizing part 42 comprises a hydraulic cylinder 421 and a hydraulic piston 422 located in the hydraulic cylinder 421, the hydraulic piston 422 divides the hydraulic cylinder 421 into a first hydraulic chamber 423 and a second hydraulic chamber 424, at least one sealing ring is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the hydraulic piston 422, and when the hydraulic piston 422 moves in the hydraulic cylinder 421, the first hydraulic chamber 423 and the second hydraulic chamber 424 are always independent of each other and cancel each other.
The inlet and the outlet of the first air cavity 413 may be two ports provided on the air cylinder 411, or may be one port provided on the air cylinder 411, and the port is converted into two ports by a three-way joint. Similarly, the inlets and outlets of the second air cavity 414, the first liquid cavity 423 and the second liquid cavity 424 are also arranged in the same way.
And two ends of the linkage rod 43 are respectively connected with the hydraulic piston 422 and the gas piston 412, and when the gas piston 412 moves, the hydraulic piston 422 moves synchronously. For example, the second air chamber 414 is disposed adjacent to the first fluid chamber 423, and one end of the linkage rod 43 is connected to a side of the air piston 412 facing the second air chamber 414, and the other end is connected to a side of the hydraulic piston 422 facing the first fluid chamber 423.
Specifically, the linkage rod 43 includes a first connection portion connected to the gas piston 412 and a second connection portion connected to the hydraulic piston 422, and the first connection portion and the second connection portion are connected by a rotation stopping joint to prevent the gas piston 412 and the hydraulic piston 422 from rotating relatively.
Preferably, the sum of the lengths of the first air chamber 413 and the second air chamber 414 coincides with the sum of the lengths of the first hydraulic cylinder 421 and the second hydraulic cylinder 421, so that the moving distance of the air piston 412 in the air cylinder 411 coincides with the moving distance of the hydraulic piston 422 in the hydraulic cylinder 421. When the steam driving part 41 is located at the end of the first gas chamber 413, the hydraulic piston 422 is located at the end of the first liquid chamber 423; when the steam driving part 41 moves to the end of the side where the second air chamber 414 is located, the hydraulic piston 422 also moves to the end of the side where the second hydraulic chamber 424 is located.
When pressure is applied, the gas is compressed and the volume of the liquid is substantially unchanged, and the area of the gas piston 412 is larger than the area of the hydraulic piston 422 in consideration of the pressure loss generated by the two pistons during the movement due to the influence of the volume change on the pressure, and preferably, the area of the gas piston 412 is 1.1 times or more the area of the hydraulic piston 422.
Preferably, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas working medium enters the cylinder 411, the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid working medium enters the hydraulic cylinder 421, and the hydraulic cylinder 421 and the cylinder 411 are arranged separately and at intervals, so that heat transfer between the high-temperature gas working medium and the low-temperature liquid working medium is cut off, and heat loss and pressure loss are avoided.
Although the linkage rod 43 is connected with the cylinder 411 and the hydraulic cylinder 421 in a sealing manner, the sealing is not absolute, as the linkage rod 43 continuously enters and exits the cylinder 411 and the hydraulic cylinder 421, a part of working medium inevitably escapes, or a part of working medium is brought out by the linkage rod 43, so that certain influence is caused on the environment, and the working medium of the rankine cycle system 100 is gradually reduced along with the use.
Further, the heat pump 4 further includes a connecting seat 44 connecting the cylinder 411 and the hydraulic cylinder 421, a receiving cavity 441 is disposed in the connecting seat 44, the receiving cavity 441 is connected between the hydraulic cylinder 421 and the cylinder 411 in a sealing manner, and the linkage rod 43 located between the cylinder 411 and the hydraulic cylinder 421 is received in the receiving cavity 441 and moves in the receiving cavity 441, so that the leaked working medium is sealed in the receiving cavity 441, and no pollution is caused to the environment.
Preferably, the rankine system further comprises a return pipe 45, one end of the return pipe 45 is connected with the accommodating cavity 441, the other end of the return pipe 45 is connected in a low-pressure pipe section of the rankine cycle, for example, the other end of the return pipe 45 is connected between the expander 2 and the condenser 3. When the pressure in the accommodating cavity 441 is higher than the pressure of the low-pressure pipe section, the working medium in the accommodating cavity 441 flows back to the low-pressure pipe section of the Rankine cycle, and the working medium does not need to be added from the outside.
The present invention provides for the heat pump 4 to be coupled to the rankine cycle system 100 through a valve assembly.
Specifically, the cylinder 411 is connected between the outlet of the evaporator 1 and the inlet of the condenser 3 through a first valve assembly 51; the hydraulic cylinder 421 is connected between the outlet of the condenser 3 and the inlet of the evaporator 1 through a second valve assembly 52, and drives the working medium to continuously circulate through the switching of the working state.
The first valve assembly 51 opens the inlet of the first air chamber 413 and the outlet of the second air chamber 414 in the first operation state, and the first valve assembly 51 opens the inlet of the second air chamber 414 and the outlet of the first air chamber 413 in the second operation state.
In one embodiment, the first valve assembly 51 includes a first valve communicating the outlet of the evaporator 1 with the inlet of the first air chamber 413, a second valve communicating the outlet of the first air chamber 413 with the inlet of the condenser 3, a third valve communicating the outlet of the evaporator 1 with the inlet of the second air chamber 414, and a fourth valve communicating the outlet of the second air chamber 414 with the inlet of the condenser 3. The first valve, the second valve, the third valve and the fourth valve are active valves such as electromagnetic valves and are opened or closed through a controller.
In another embodiment, the first valve assembly 51 comprises: a first three-way electromagnetic valve, three ports of which are respectively communicated to an outlet of the evaporator 1, an inlet of the first air cavity 413 and an inlet of the second air cavity 414, and which can selectively communicate the outlet of the evaporator 1 to one of the first air cavity 413 or the second air cavity 414; and a second three-way solenoid valve, three ports of which are respectively connected to an outlet of the first air chamber 413, an outlet of the second air chamber 414, and an inlet of the condenser 3, and which can selectively communicate one of the first air chamber 413 or the second air chamber 414 with the inlet of the condenser 3.
In another embodiment, the first valve assembly 51 is a four-way valve, and the first valve assembly 51 has a first operating state in which the outlet of the evaporator 1 and the inlet of the first air chamber 413 are communicated with each other and the outlet of the second air chamber 414 and the inlet of the condenser 3 are communicated with each other, and a second operating state in which the outlet of the evaporator 1 and the second air chamber 414 are communicated with each other and the outlet of the first air chamber 413 and the inlet of the condenser 3 are communicated with each other.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the first valve component 51 is a three-position, four-way valve. The first valve assembly 51 comprises: a first valve seat including a first communication position A1, a first closed position, a second communication position A2; a first solenoid valve movably connected between the first communication position a1 and the first closed position, the first solenoid valve having a first passage communicating an outlet of the evaporator 1 with an inlet of the first air chamber 413, and a second passage communicating an outlet of the second air chamber 414 with an inlet of the condenser 3 when the first solenoid valve is located at the first communication position a 1; a second solenoid valve operatively connected between the second communication position a2 and the first closed position, the second solenoid valve having a third passage communicating the outlet of the evaporator 1 with the second air chamber 414 and a fourth passage communicating the outlet of the first air chamber 413 with the inlet of the condenser 3 at the second communication position a 1.
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 4, the first valve component 51 may be a two-position four-way valve, which is different from a three-position four-way valve only in that the first closed position is not set.
In another embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the first valve assembly 51 includes a mechanical valve 511, a lever 512 having a first end connected to the mechanical valve 511, a first knocking structure 513 fixed on the linkage rod 43, and a second knocking structure 54. The mechanical valve 511 includes a first communication state a1 having an outlet communicating the outlet of the evaporator 1 with the inlet of the first air chamber 413 while communicating the outlet of the second air chamber 414 with the inlet of the condenser 3, a second communication state a2 communicating the outlet of the evaporator 1 with the inlet of the second air chamber 414 while communicating the outlet of the first air chamber 413 with the inlet of the condenser 3; the second end of the lever 512 is located between the first knocking structure 513 and the second knocking structure 54, and when the gas piston 412 moves to the end of the side of the first gas chamber 413, the first knocking structure 513 knocks the second end of the lever 512, so that the mechanical valve 511 is switched from the second communication state a2 to the first communication state a 1; when the gas piston 412 moves to the end of the side where the second gas chamber 414 is located, the second tapping structure 54 taps the first end of the lever 512 to switch the mechanical valve 511 from the first communication state a1 to the second communication state a 2. The first valve assembly 51 does not need a power supply, and has a simple structure, energy conservation and high reliability.
The second valve assembly 52 opens the inlet of the first fluid chamber 423 and the outlet of the second fluid chamber 424 in the first operating state, and the second valve assembly 52 opens the inlet of the second fluid chamber 424 and the outlet of the first fluid chamber 423 in the second operating state.
In one embodiment, the second valve assembly 52 includes a fifth valve Y5 communicating the outlet of the condenser 3 with the inlet of the first liquid chamber 423, a sixth valve Y6 communicating the outlet of the first liquid chamber 423 with the inlet of the evaporator 1, a seventh valve Y7 communicating the outlet of the condenser 3 with the inlet of the second liquid chamber 424, and an eighth valve Y8 communicating the outlet of the second liquid chamber 424 with the inlet of the evaporator 1.
The fifth valve Y5, the sixth valve Y6, the seventh valve Y7, and the eighth valve Y8 may be active valves such as solenoid valves, and are controlled timely and accurately.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the fifth valve Y5, the sixth valve Y6, the seventh valve Y7 and the eighth valve Y8 are passive valves, such as check valves. The check valve opens the fluid passage in a one-way guide way under certain pressure, so that the energy consumption is lower, the efficiency is higher, the structure is simpler, the cost is also reduced, the volume and the weight are also reduced, and the reliability is further improved.
In another embodiment, the second valve assembly 52 includes: three ports of the third three-way electromagnetic valve are respectively communicated to an outlet of the condenser 3, an inlet of the first liquid cavity 423 and an inlet of the second liquid cavity 424, and the outlet of the condenser 3 can be selectively communicated to one of the first liquid cavity 423 or the second liquid cavity 424, so that the liquid working medium flows into the corresponding liquid cavity; and three ports of the fourth three-way electromagnetic valve are respectively connected to the outlet of the first liquid chamber 423, the outlet of the second liquid chamber 424 and the inlet of the evaporator 1, and one of the first liquid chamber 423 or the second liquid chamber 424 can be selectively communicated with the inlet of the evaporator 1, so that the liquid working medium in the corresponding liquid chamber flows to the evaporator 1.
In another embodiment, the second valve assembly 52 is a four-way valve, and the second valve assembly 52 has a first operating state in which the outlet of the condenser 3 communicates with the inlet of the first liquid chamber 423 while communicating the outlet of the second liquid chamber 424 with the inlet of the evaporator 1, and a second operating state in which the outlet of the condenser 3 communicates with the inlet of the second liquid chamber 424 while communicating the outlet of the first liquid chamber 423 with the inlet of the evaporator 1.
For example, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the second valve assembly 52 is a three-position, four-way valve comprising: a second valve seat including a third communication position B1, a second closed position, a fourth communication position B2; a third solenoid valve operatively connected between said third communication position B1 and said second closed position, said third solenoid valve having a fifth passage communicating the outlet of the condenser 3 with the inlet of the first liquid chamber 423 and a sixth passage communicating the outlet of the second liquid chamber 424 with the inlet of the evaporator 1 when it is located at said third communication position B1; a fourth solenoid valve operatively connected between the fourth communication position B2 and the second closed position, the fourth solenoid valve having a seventh passage communicating the outlet of the condenser 3 with the inlet of the second liquid chamber 424, and an eighth passage communicating the outlet of the first liquid chamber 423 with the inlet of the evaporator 1 when the fourth communication position B2 is established.
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 4, the second valve assembly 52 is a two-position, four-way valve that differs from a three-position, four-way valve only in that the second, closed position is not provided.
Any of the first valve components 51 described above may be used with any of the second valve components 52.
During use, the first valve assembly 51 communicates the outlet of the evaporator 1 with the inlet of the first air cavity 413, communicates the outlet of the second air cavity 414 with the inlet of the condenser 3, and simultaneously, the second valve assembly 52 communicates the outlet of the condenser 3 with the inlet of the first liquid cavity 423, and communicates the outlet of the second liquid cavity 424 with the inlet of the evaporator 1. The working medium obtains heat from the waste heat source through the evaporator 1 and is changed into a high-temperature high-pressure gaseous working medium, the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous working medium enters the first air cavity 413, the air piston 412 is pushed to move, and the gaseous working medium in the second air cavity 414 is pushed out into the condenser 3; meanwhile, the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid working medium passing through the condenser 3 enters the first liquid cavity 423, the gas piston 412 drives the hydraulic piston 422 to move through the linkage rod, the hydraulic piston 422 compresses the liquid working medium in the second liquid cavity 424 to form high-pressure liquid working medium, and the high-pressure liquid working medium flows into the evaporator 1 to realize working medium circulation.
Setting the pressure of the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous working medium at the outlet of the evaporator 1 as Ph, the pressure of the high-temperature and low-pressure gaseous working medium at the inlet of the condenser 3 as Pl, the area of the gas piston 412 as Sq, the area of the hydraulic piston 422 as Sy, and the sum of the friction forces of the movement of the gas piston 412 and the hydraulic piston 422 as Fm, then the power of the movement of the hydraulic piston 422 to the second hydraulic cylinder 421 side is as follows: f ═ Ph × Sq + Pl × Sy-Pl-Sq-Ph × Sy-Fm. The hydraulic piston 422 is driven by the gas piston 412 to continuously compress the liquid working medium in the second cylinder 421 to form a high-pressure Ph liquid working medium, and the high-pressure Ph liquid working medium is input into the evaporator 1.
When the gas piston 412 reaches the other side of the cylinder 411, the first valve assembly 51 connects the outlet of the evaporator 1 with the inlet of the second gas chamber 414, connects the outlet of the first gas chamber 413 with the inlet of the condenser 3, and simultaneously the second valve assembly 52 connects the outlet of the condenser 3 with the inlet of the second liquid chamber 424, and connects the outlet of the first liquid chamber 423 with the inlet of the evaporator 1. The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous working medium passing through the evaporator 1 enters the second air cavity 414, pushes the air piston 412 to move, and pushes the gaseous working medium in the first air cavity 413 out of the condenser 3; meanwhile, the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid working medium passing through the condenser 3 enters the second liquid cavity 424, the gas piston 412 drives the hydraulic piston 422 to move through the linkage rod, the hydraulic piston 422 compresses the liquid working medium in the first liquid cavity 423 to form high-pressure liquid working medium, and the high-pressure liquid working medium flows into the evaporator 1 to realize another cycle of the working medium. The pressure change of the process is exactly opposite to the previous cycle process direction, and is not described in detail herein.
Referring specifically to fig. 1 and 2, initially, first valve assembly 51 and second valve assembly 52 are both in an intermediate position and the working fluid line is in a closed state. The waste heat source heats and vaporizes the liquid working medium in the evaporator 1, so that a high-pressure high-temperature gaseous working medium is formed at the outlet of the evaporator 1. When the high-pressure high-temperature gaseous working medium formed at the outlet of the evaporator 1 reaches the set pressure Ph, the first valve assembly 51 is actuated to the first communication position a1, and the second valve assembly 52 is actuated to the third communication position B1. High-pressure high-temperature gaseous working medium with the output pressure Ph of the evaporator 1 passes through the first valve assembly 51 and enters the first gas chamber 413 through the inlet Q1, so that the gas piston 412 moves leftwards. The gas in the second gas chamber 413 on the left side of the gas piston 412 enters the condenser 3 from the outlet Q2 through the first valve component 51, and the condenser 3 is cooled to condense the input gas working medium into low-pressure low-temperature liquid working medium. The low-pressure low-temperature liquid working medium output by the condenser 3 enters the first liquid chamber 423 of the liquid cylinder 421 through the position B1 of the second valve component 52. Hydraulic piston 422 moves leftward with gas piston 412. The second liquid chamber 424 is continuously compressed under the driving of the hydraulic piston 422 to form a high-pressure Ph liquid working medium, and the high-pressure Ph liquid working medium is input to the inlet of the evaporator 1 to form working medium circulation. When the gas piston 412 of the cylinder 411 moves to the left, the first valve assembly 51 moves to position a2, the second valve assembly 52 simultaneously moves to position B2, and the gas piston 412 moves to the right, which simultaneously drives the hydraulic piston 422 to move to the right. The low-pressure low-temperature liquid working medium output by the condenser 3 enters the second liquid cavity 424 through the position B2 of the second valve component 52, the liquid working medium in the first liquid cavity 423 is continuously compressed under the driving of the hydraulic piston 422 to form a high-pressure Ph liquid working medium, and the high-pressure Ph liquid working medium is input to the inlet of the evaporator 1 to form working medium circulation.
Referring to the embodiment shown in fig. 3 and 4, the difference from the embodiment of fig. 1 is only that: the second valve component 52 is a one-way valve and opens automatically when the corresponding pressure is reached, without electrical control.
Further, the rankine cycle system 100 further includes a first pressure sensor located at the outlet side of the evaporator 1, and when the system is initially started and the pressure reaches a predetermined value, the first valve assembly 51 is opened, so that the pressure leakage can be reduced, and the system can work normally as soon as possible.
The two cycles can be alternately performed by controlling the first valve assembly 51 and the second valve assembly 52, and the high-pressure liquid working medium is continuously supplied to flow into the evaporator 1.
The inventor further researches and discovers that: when the communication directions of the first valve component 51 and the second valve component 52 are switched, the heat pump 4 does not provide any power, so that pressure loss occurs in the system, and the output of the expander 2 is unstable.
In order to solve the technical problem, the Rankine cycle further comprises an energy storage device 6 connected to a system pipeline, working media with certain pressure are stored in the energy storage device 6, when the first valve assembly 51 and the second valve assembly 52 switch channels, the working media flow into a circulation pipeline from the energy storage device 6, pressure loss is compensated, the function of balancing the pressure of the working media is achieved in the operation process of the system, and the output of the expansion machine 2 is stable.
The inventor further researches and discovers that high-pressure gaseous working medium is arranged between the outlet of the evaporator 1 and the expander 2, so that the energy storage device 6 can be connected at the position, and the high-pressure gaseous working medium actively flows into the energy storage device 6 in the moving process of the gas piston 412 and the hydraulic piston 422; when the first valve assembly 51 and the second valve assembly 52 switch the passage, the high-pressure gaseous working medium flows from the accumulator 6 into the circulation pipe and then into the expander 2, compensating for the pressure loss.
High-pressure liquid working medium is arranged between the hydraulic pressurizing part 42 of the heat pump 4 and the inlet of the evaporator 1, so that the energy accumulator 6 can be connected at the position, and the high-pressure liquid working medium actively flows into the energy accumulator 6 in the moving process of the gas piston 412/the hydraulic piston 422; when the first valve assembly 51 and the second valve assembly 52 switch the passage, the high-pressure liquid working medium flows from the accumulator 6 into the circulation pipe and then into the evaporator 1, compensating the pressure loss.
Preferably, the energy accumulator 6 is connected between the hydraulic pressurizing part 42 of the heat pump 4 and the inlet of the evaporator 1, so as to ensure that the high-temperature and high-pressure gas from the evaporator 1 directly enters the expander 2, the temperature loss and the pressure loss are very small, and the expander 2 can be ensured to operate effectively and stably.
Further, the rankine cycle system 100 further includes a throttle valve 7, and the throttle valve 7 can adjust the flow rate of the working medium according to the conditions such as the temperature of the waste heat source, so as to adjust the output power of the expander 2 and stabilize the output.
Preferably, the throttle valve 7 is connected in front of the inlet of the evaporator 1, and the flow of the working medium directly entering the evaporator 1 is adjusted according to the temperature of the heat source, so that the adjustment and control are more accurate. For example: the throttle valve 7 is connected between the hydraulic booster 42 of the heat pump 4 and the inlet of the evaporator 1.
In addition, in the embodiment with an energy store 6, the throttle valve 7 is connected between the energy store 6 and the inlet of the evaporator 1.
The heat pump 4 and the expander 2 are connected in parallel at the outlet of the evaporator 1, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous working medium from the evaporator 1 directly enters the expander 2, no pressure loss exists, the expander 2 is guaranteed to work under full pressure, and the output efficiency is high.
Preferably, the rankine cycle further comprises a control valve connected between the outlet of the evaporator 1 and the inlet of the expander 2. In the initial stage of system operation, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous working medium generated by the evaporator 1 is unstable, and certain time is required for the pressure rise of the gaseous working medium; when the pressure does not reach the pressure threshold value, the connection between the outlet of the evaporator 1 and the inlet of the expander 2 is cut off through the control valve, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous working medium preferentially enters the heat pump 4 to drive the working medium to circulate, so that the system runs; when the pressure reaches the pressure threshold, the outlet of the evaporator 1 is communicated with the inlet of the expander 2, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous working medium enters the expander 2 to do work, and the working condition of the expander 2 is ensured to be in a stable state.
The control valve can be an electromagnetic valve or a one-way valve.
The invention also comprises a waste heat utilization system which comprises a waste heat source and any one of the heat pumps 4, wherein the evaporator 1 is in heat conduction connection with the waste heat source so as to obtain waste heat from the waste heat source and produce high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous working media.
The present invention also provides a vehicle, in any of the rankine cycle systems 100 described above, wherein the evaporator 1 is in thermally conductive connection with a waste heat source of the vehicle to extract heat therefrom, including but not limited to an exhaust pipe of an engine.
Further, the vehicle further comprises a refrigeration system, the refrigeration system comprises a compressor, a condenser, a throttling element and an evaporator which are connected into a circulation loop through pipelines, the expander 2 is connected with the compressor through a coupler to directly drive the compressor to work, and the whole refrigeration circulation system does not need to consume oil and electricity of the vehicle.
In summary, the heat pump 4 of the present invention does not need electric energy, and only two electromagnetic valves and the throttle valve 7 are controlled by direct current, so the required electric power is very small, which is about 1/10 of the electric power required by the existing working medium pump. The heat pump 4 has simple structure, easy manufacture, low cost and high reliability, the external volume and the weight are about 50 percent of those of the prior working medium pump, and an expensive control system (a frequency converter and the like) is not needed. The entire Rankine cycle system 100 is lower in cost, more reliable in performance, smaller in appearance, lighter in weight, and has advantages in various aspects in the waste heat recovery technology.
It should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment contains only a single technical solution, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should make the description as a whole, and the technical solutions in the embodiments can also be combined appropriately to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A rankine cycle system comprising an evaporator, an expander connected to an outlet of the evaporator, and a condenser connected to an outlet of the expander, the rankine cycle system further comprising:
the heat pump comprises a steam driving part connected between the outlet of the evaporator and the inlet of the condenser, a hydraulic pressurizing part connected between the outlet of the condenser and the inlet of the evaporator and a linkage rod;
and the energy accumulator is connected to a circulation pipeline of the Rankine cycle system.
2. The Rankine cycle system of claim 1, wherein the accumulator is connected between the hydraulic boost portion and an inlet of the evaporator.
3. The Rankine cycle system of claim 1, wherein the accumulator is connected between an outlet of the evaporator and an inlet of the expander.
4. The Rankine cycle system of claim 1, further comprising a throttle valve connected to a cycle line of the Rankine cycle system.
5. The Rankine cycle system of claim 4, wherein the throttle valve is connected before the evaporator inlet.
6. The Rankine cycle system of claim 4, wherein the accumulator is connected between the hydraulic boost portion and an inlet of the evaporator, and the throttle valve is connected between the accumulator and the evaporator inlet.
7. The Rankine cycle system according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the steam drive portion comprises a cylinder, and a gas piston located within the cylinder, the gas piston dividing the cylinder into a first gas cavity and a second gas cavity; the hydraulic pressurization part comprises a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic piston positioned in the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic piston divides the hydraulic cylinder into a first liquid cavity and a second liquid cavity; two ends of the linkage rod are respectively connected with the hydraulic piston and the gas piston;
the cylinder is connected between the outlet of the evaporator and the inlet of the condenser through a first valve assembly, the first valve assembly is communicated with the outlet of the evaporator and the inlet of the first air cavity and communicated with the outlet of the second air cavity and the inlet of the condenser in one working state, and the first valve assembly is communicated with the outlet of the evaporator and the inlet of the second air cavity and communicated with the outlet of the first air cavity and the inlet of the condenser in the other working state;
the hydraulic cylinder is connected between the outlet of the condenser and the inlet of the evaporator through a second valve assembly, the second valve assembly is communicated with the outlet of the condenser and the inlet of the first liquid cavity and communicated with the outlet of the second liquid cavity and the inlet of the evaporator in the first working state, and the second valve assembly is communicated with the outlet of the condenser and the inlet of the second liquid cavity and communicated with the outlet of the first liquid cavity and the inlet of the evaporator in the second working state.
8. A waste heat utilization system comprising a waste heat source, characterized in that the waste heat utilization system further comprises the Rankine cycle system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and the evaporator is in heat conduction connection with the waste heat source.
9. A vehicle comprising the Rankine cycle system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the evaporator is thermally conductively connected to a waste heat source of the vehicle.
10. The cart of claim 9, wherein: the vehicle also comprises a refrigerating system, the refrigerating system comprises a compressor, a condenser, a throttling element and an evaporator which are connected into a circulating loop through pipelines, and the expander is connected with the compressor to drive the compressor to work.
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