CN114856725B - Intake pressure regulating system of turboexpander and turboexpander - Google Patents

Intake pressure regulating system of turboexpander and turboexpander Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114856725B
CN114856725B CN202210730166.3A CN202210730166A CN114856725B CN 114856725 B CN114856725 B CN 114856725B CN 202210730166 A CN202210730166 A CN 202210730166A CN 114856725 B CN114856725 B CN 114856725B
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air
pressure regulating
pressure
turboexpander
inlet
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CN114856725A (en
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金益波
周英
李欢
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Shanghai Electric Power Generation Equipment Co Ltd
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Shanghai Electric Power Generation Equipment Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10Final actuators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of compressed gas energy storage, in particular to an air inlet pressure regulating system of a turbine expander and two turbine expanders adopting the air inlet pressure regulating system of the turbine expander. The inlet pressure regulating system of the turbine expander comprises a main steam valve, a pressure regulating and air supplementing device and the turbine expander, wherein the outlet end of the main steam valve is communicated with the inlet end of the pressure regulating and air supplementing device, the pressure regulating outlet end of the pressure regulating and air supplementing device is communicated with the inlet of a first-stage blade of the turbine expander, the air supplementing outlet end of the pressure regulating and air supplementing device is communicated with the inlet of a middle-stage blade of the turbine expander, and when the pressure regulating outlet end is completely opened and the pressure of the inlet end of the pressure regulating and air supplementing device is lower than the design pressure of the inlet of the turbine expander, the air supplementing outlet end starts to be opened. The design pressure of the inlet of the turbine expander in the inlet pressure regulating system of the turbine expander is not required to be the lowest pressure when the turbine expander works under rated power, the throttling loss is small, and the utilization rate of high-pressure gas is higher.

Description

Intake pressure regulating system of turboexpander and turboexpander
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of compressed gas energy storage, in particular to an air inlet pressure regulating system of a turbine expander and two turbine expanders adopting the air inlet pressure regulating system of the turbine expander.
Background
The compressed gas energy storage system has great market potential in the future, and can be matched with coal power, nuclear power, combined cycle and other power stations to be used for peak shaving. In the electricity consumption low-peak period, the surplus electric energy of the power station can be stored in high-pressure gas through the compressed gas energy storage system, and in the electricity consumption high-peak period, the high-pressure gas stored in the compressed gas energy storage system is released to drive the gas turbine to generate electricity.
In order to ensure that the compressed gas energy storage system can normally operate under rated power, a common gas turbine inlet pressure adjusting mode is full-cycle inlet air adjusting valve throttling adjustment, the design pressure of a gas turbine inlet of the adjusting mode is the lowest pressure of the gas turbine when the gas turbine works under the rated power, when the pressure of high-pressure gas is the lowest pressure of the gas turbine when the gas turbine works under the rated power, the adjusting valve is fully opened, when the pressure of the high-pressure gas is higher than the design pressure of the gas turbine inlet, the high-pressure gas is throttled and reduced to reach the required gas turbine inlet pressure through the adjusting valve and then enters the gas turbine, and therefore the gas turbine can stably operate under the rated power. However, because the throttle valve has throttle loss during throttling, the pressure regulating mode can reduce the air inlet efficiency of the gas turbine after throttling.
Meanwhile, the Chinese patent publication No. CN209261631U discloses a combined nozzle distribution structure of a high-pressure air turbine, the combined nozzle distribution structure of the high-pressure air turbine adopts the combined regulation stage type regulation of a regulating valve and a nozzle distribution structure, in particular to a circle of nozzles which are divided into a plurality of groups, usually four groups, one end of each group of nozzles is communicated with one regulating valve, the other end of each group of nozzles is communicated with one inlet of the turbine, the nozzles and the regulating valves participate in pressure regulation together, namely, the inlet air flow area of the turbine is changed through the switch of the regulating valve, so that different inlet air pressures are realized, and the air turbine can stably operate under rated power. The pressure regulating mode can effectively reduce throttling loss, but when the regulating valve is fully opened, compared with the full-circumference pressure regulating air inlet type, the through-flow efficiency is lower, and part of the air inlet can cause large blade air flow exciting force, uneven heating of the turbine cylinder and more complicated structure.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an air inlet pressure regulating system of a turbine expander with small throttling loss and two turbine expanders adopting the air inlet pressure regulating system of the turbine expander.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The invention provides an air inlet pressure regulating system of a turbine expander, which comprises a main steam valve, a pressure regulating air supplementing device and the turbine expander, wherein the outlet end of the main steam valve is communicated with the inlet end of the pressure regulating air supplementing device, the pressure regulating outlet end of the pressure regulating air supplementing device is communicated with the inlet of a first-stage blade of the turbine expander, the air supplementing outlet end of the pressure regulating air supplementing device is communicated with the inlet of a middle-stage blade of the turbine expander, and when the pressure regulating outlet end is completely opened and the pressure of the inlet end of the pressure regulating air supplementing device is lower than the design pressure of the inlet of the turbine expander, the air supplementing outlet end starts to be opened.
Preferably, the pressure regulating and air supplementing device comprises a regulating valve and an air supplementing valve, wherein the outlet end of the regulating valve is a pressure regulating outlet end communicated with the inlet of the first-stage blade of the turbine expander, the outlet end of the air supplementing valve is an air supplementing outlet end communicated with the inlet of the intermediate-stage blade of the turbine expander, and the outlet end of the main steam valve is simultaneously communicated with the inlet end of the regulating valve and the inlet end of the air supplementing valve.
Preferably, the regulating valves are provided in plurality, a plurality of air inlet nozzles are arranged at the inlets of the first-stage blades of the turbine expander along the circumferential direction, and the outlet ends of the regulating valves are communicated with the air inlet nozzles in a one-to-one correspondence.
Preferably, the air supplementing device is an air supplementing regulating combined valve, a first outlet end of the air supplementing regulating combined valve is a pressure regulating outlet end communicated with an inlet of a first-stage blade of the turbine expander, a second outlet end of the air supplementing regulating combined valve is an air supplementing outlet end communicated with an inlet of a middle-stage blade of the turbine expander, and an inlet end of the air supplementing regulating combined valve is communicated with an outlet end of the main steam valve.
The invention also provides a turboexpander for a compressed air energy storage system, comprising a charge pressure regulating system of the turboexpander as described in any one of the above.
The invention also provides a turboexpander for a supercritical CO 2 cycle power generation system, comprising a feed gas pressure regulating system of the turboexpander as described in any one of the above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has obvious progress:
When the air inlet pressure regulating system of the turbine expander works, a main steam valve is opened, and if the pressure of high-pressure air entering the pressure regulating air supplementing device is not lower than the design pressure of an inlet of the turbine expander, the pressure regulating air supplementing device regulates the pressure of the high-pressure air to the design pressure through pressure regulation, and then the high-pressure air enters a first-stage blade of the turbine expander from an outlet end of the pressure regulation to drive the first-stage blade of the turbine expander to generate electricity, so that the turbine expander works under rated power; if the pressure regulating function of the pressure regulating air supplementing device is fully opened, the air pressure at the inlet end of the pressure regulating air supplementing device is still lower than the design pressure of the inlet of the turbine expander, the air supplementing outlet end is correspondingly opened, after the high-pressure air enters the pressure regulating air supplementing device from the main steam valve, part of the high-pressure air enters the first-stage blade of the turbine expander from the pressure regulating outlet end of the pressure regulating air supplementing device and drives the first-stage blade of the turbine expander to generate electricity, and the other part of the high-pressure air enters the middle-stage blade of the turbine expander from the air supplementing outlet end of the pressure regulating air supplementing device and drives the middle-stage blade of the turbine expander to generate electricity, so that the turbine expander can still work under the rated power.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a structure of an intake pressure adjusting system of a turboexpander in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph of gas turbine inlet intake pressure versus intake air quantity for a throttle adjustment of a conventional full-cycle intake air regulating valve, a regulation stage adjustment of a combination of a regulating valve and a nozzle distribution structure, and intake air pressure adjustment of a turbo expander of an intake air pressure adjusting system of the turbo expander according to embodiment one of the present invention when applied to a 300 MW-stage compressed gas energy storage power station.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the intake pressure adjusting system of the turboexpander in the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a view in the direction a in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a structure of an intake pressure adjusting system of a turboexpander in a third embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein reference numerals are as follows:
1. Main steam valve
2. Pressure regulating and air supplementing device
21. Regulating valve
22. Air compensating valve
3. Turbine expander
4. Air inlet nozzle
A. Pressure regulating outlet end
B. air supplementing outlet end
A. Throttle adjustment of full-periphery air inlet regulating valve
B. adjusting valve and nozzle distribution structure combined adjusting stage type adjustment
C. Intake pressure regulation for turboexpander
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a first embodiment of the intake pressure regulating system of the turboexpander of the present invention is shown.
Referring to fig. 1, the intake pressure adjusting system of the turbo expander of the first embodiment includes a main steam valve 1, a pressure-adjusting and air-supplementing device 2 and a turbo expander 3, wherein an outlet end of the main steam valve 1 is communicated with an inlet end of the pressure-adjusting and air-supplementing device 2, an outlet end a of the pressure-adjusting and air-supplementing device 2 is communicated with an inlet of a first stage blade of the turbo expander 3, an air-supplementing outlet end b of the pressure-adjusting and air-supplementing device 2 is communicated with an inlet of a middle stage blade of the turbo expander 3, and when the pressure-adjusting outlet end a is completely opened and the pressure of the inlet end of the pressure-adjusting and air-supplementing device 2 is lower than the design pressure of the inlet of the turbo expander 3, the air-supplementing outlet end a starts to be opened.
It should be noted that the main steam valve 1 is a switch valve commonly used in the prior art, and has two states of full open and full close.
Referring to fig. 1, when the intake pressure adjusting system of the turboexpander of the first embodiment is in operation, the main steam valve 1 is opened, if the pressure of the high-pressure gas entering the pressure-adjusting and air-supplementing device 2 is not lower than the design pressure of the inlet of the turboexpander 3, the pressure-adjusting and air-supplementing device 2 adjusts the pressure of the high-pressure gas to the design pressure through pressure adjustment, and then enters the first-stage blade of the turboexpander 3 from the pressure-adjusting outlet end a, so as to drive the first-stage blade of the turboexpander 3 to generate electricity, and the turboexpander 3 is operated under rated power; if the pressure regulating function of the pressure regulating and air supplementing device 2 is fully opened, the air pressure at the inlet end of the pressure regulating and air supplementing device 2 is still lower than the design pressure of the inlet of the turbine expander 3, then the air supplementing outlet end b is correspondingly opened, after the high-pressure air enters the pressure regulating and air supplementing device 2 from the main steam valve 1, a part of the high-pressure air enters the first-stage blade of the turbine expander 3 from the pressure regulating outlet end a of the pressure regulating and air supplementing device 2 and drives the first-stage blade of the turbine expander 3 to generate electricity, and the other part of the high-pressure air enters the middle-stage blade of the turbine expander 3 from the air supplementing outlet end b of the pressure regulating and supplementing device 2 and drives the middle-stage blade of the turbine expander 3 to generate electricity, so that the turbine expander 3 can still work under rated power.
Preferably, referring to fig. 1, the pressure-regulating air-supplementing device 2 includes a regulating valve 21 and an air-supplementing valve 22, wherein the outlet end of the regulating valve 21 is a pressure-regulating outlet end a communicated with the inlet of the first stage blade of the turbine expander 3, the outlet end of the air-supplementing valve 22 is an air-supplementing outlet end b communicated with the inlet of the intermediate stage blade of the turbine expander 3, and the outlet end of the main steam valve 1 is simultaneously communicated with the inlet end of the regulating valve 21 and the inlet end of the air-supplementing valve 22. Compared with the existing adjusting valve and nozzle distribution structure combined adjusting stage type adjusting, the adjusting valve 21 of the air inlet pressure adjusting system of the turbine expander in the first embodiment has the advantages of less quantity, relatively simple structure and easy control.
The first stage blade of the turbo expander is adjusted by the adjusting valve 21 according to the first embodiment in such a manner that the throttle of the full-cycle intake adjusting valve in the prior art is adjusted; the regulating valve 21 and the air compensating valve 22 are both in the prior art, and the regulating valve 21 can control the pressure of the pipeline by regulating the opening of a valve port of the regulating valve; the air compensating valve 22 can compensate the air by adjusting the opening of the valve port, thereby improving the discharge efficiency of the pipeline. In addition, although the ultra-supercritical turbine also adopts the air compensating valve in the traditional power station power generation field, the air compensating valve in the ultra-supercritical turbine expander is used when the rated load of the unit exceeds the primary frequency modulation requirement and the unit rapidly responds to the primary frequency modulation requirement, the unit operates at a constant pressure when the unit exceeds the primary frequency modulation requirement, and the air inlet pressure is the design pressure of the unit, and at the moment, the air compensating valve supplements air; when the unit is in low load, a sliding pressure operation mode that the main air valve is fully opened is adopted, and at the moment, the air supplementing valve does not supplement air.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, in the first embodiment, taking a 300 MW-class compressed air energy storage power station as an example, the design requires that the air turbine has a 300MW output in the range of intake pressure variation from 12.7MPa to 14.3 MPa. As is clear from fig. 3, the intake air amount of the turbo expander in the intake air pressure adjusting system of the turbo expander according to the first embodiment is smaller in a longer intake air pressure fluctuation range than the intake air amount of the adjusting stage adjusting B by the combination of the full-cycle intake air adjusting valve throttle adjusting a and the adjusting valve and the nozzle distribution structure, that is, the utilization ratio of the high-pressure gas of the turbo expander in the intake air pressure adjusting C of the turbo expander according to the first embodiment is higher in the intake air pressure fluctuation range than the utilization ratio of the high-pressure gas of the turbo expander in the adjusting stage adjusting B by the combination of the full-cycle intake air adjusting valve throttle adjusting a and the adjusting valve and the nozzle distribution structure.
Based on the above-mentioned intake pressure adjusting system of the turboexpander, the first embodiment also provides a turboexpander for a compressed air energy storage system, which comprises the intake pressure adjusting system of the turboexpander as described above.
Based on the intake pressure regulating system based on the above-mentioned turboexpander, the first embodiment also provides a turboexpander for a supercritical CO 2 cycle power generation system, which comprises the intake pressure regulating system of the turboexpander as described above.
Example two
The second embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, and the details are not repeated, except that, referring to fig. 3 and 4, a plurality of regulating valves 21 are provided in the second embodiment, and a plurality of air inlet nozzles 4 are circumferentially provided at the inlets of the first stage blades of the turboexpander 3, and the outlet ends of the plurality of regulating valves 21 are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of air inlet nozzles 4. The air inlet flow area of the first-stage blade of the turbine expander 3 can be changed by controlling the opening degrees of the regulating valves 21 so as to realize different air inlet pressures, so that the air turbine can stably operate under rated power, the throttling loss at the inlet of the first-stage blade of the turbine expander 3 is reduced, and the utilization rate of high-pressure air is improved.
Based on the above-mentioned intake pressure adjusting system of the turboexpander, the second embodiment also provides a turboexpander for a compressed air energy storage system, where the turboexpander includes the intake pressure adjusting system of the turboexpander as described above.
Based on the intake pressure regulating system based on the above-mentioned turbo expander, the second embodiment also provides a turbo expander for a supercritical CO 2 cycle power generation system, which comprises the intake pressure regulating system of the turbo expander as described above.
Example III
The third embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, and the details are not repeated, except that the steam compensating device 2 is a combined valve for adjusting and compensating air, referring to fig. 5, the first outlet end of the combined valve for adjusting and compensating air is a pressure-adjusting outlet end a communicated with the inlet of the first stage blade of the turbo expander 3, the second outlet end of the combined valve for adjusting and compensating air is a compensating air outlet end b communicated with the inlet of the intermediate stage blade of the turbo expander 3, and the inlet end of the combined valve for adjusting and compensating air is communicated with the outlet end of the main steam valve 1. When the adjusting and supplementing device 2 fails, the normal operation of the intake pressure adjusting system of the turboexpander of the third embodiment can be realized by repairing and replacing the adjusting and supplementing combined valve, and the repairing and replacing efficiency of the adjusting and supplementing device 2 in the third embodiment is obviously higher compared with that of an adjusting and supplementing device formed by a plurality of different parts.
The manner in which the regulating valve 21 of the third embodiment regulates the first stage blade of the turboexpander is a prior art full cycle intake regulating valve throttle.
Based on the above-mentioned intake pressure adjusting system of the turboexpander, the third embodiment also provides a turboexpander for a compressed air energy storage system, which includes the intake pressure adjusting system of the turboexpander as described above.
Based on the above-mentioned turboexpander, the third embodiment also provides a turboexpander for a supercritical CO 2 cycle power generation system, which includes the above-mentioned turboexpander.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be considered as being within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides an air inlet pressure governing system of turboexpander, its characterized in that includes main steam valve (1), pressure regulating air make-up device (2) and turboexpander (3), the exit end of main steam valve (1) with the entrance point of pressure regulating air make-up device (2), pressure regulating air make-up device's (2) pressure regulating exit end (a) with the import of the first stage blade of turboexpander (3) is linked together, pressure regulating air make-up device's (2) air make-up exit end (b) with the import of the intermediate stage blade of turboexpander (3) is linked together, pressure regulating air make-up device (2) are with the mode of full circumference air intake governing valve throttle regulation to the first stage blade of turboexpander (3) pressure regulating exit end (a) open completely and the pressure of the entrance point of pressure regulating air make-up device (2) is less than the design pressure of turboexpander (3) import, air make-up exit end (b) begins to open.
2. The intake pressure regulating system of a turboexpander according to claim 1, wherein the pressure regulating and air supplementing device (2) comprises a regulating valve (21) and an air supplementing valve (22), the outlet end of the regulating valve (21) is the pressure regulating outlet end (a) communicated with the inlet of the first stage blade of the turboexpander (3), the outlet end of the air supplementing valve (22) is the air supplementing outlet end (b) communicated with the inlet of the intermediate stage blade of the turboexpander (3), and the outlet end of the main steam valve (1) is simultaneously communicated with the inlet end of the regulating valve (21) and the inlet end of the air supplementing valve (22).
3. The intake pressure regulating system of a turboexpander according to claim 1, wherein the pressure regulating and air supplementing device (2) is a regulating and air supplementing combined valve, a first outlet end of the regulating and air supplementing combined valve is the pressure regulating outlet end (a) communicated with an inlet of a first stage blade of the turboexpander (3), a second outlet end of the regulating and air supplementing combined valve is the air supplementing outlet end (b) communicated with an inlet of a middle stage blade of the turboexpander (3), and an inlet end of the regulating and air supplementing combined valve is communicated with an outlet end of the main steam valve (1).
4. A turboexpander for a compressed air energy storage system, comprising a charge pressure regulating system of the turboexpander of any one of claims 1-3.
5. A turboexpander for a supercritical CO 2 cycle power generation system, comprising a feed gas pressure regulating system of the turboexpander of any one of claims 1-3.
CN202210730166.3A 2022-06-24 2022-06-24 Intake pressure regulating system of turboexpander and turboexpander Active CN114856725B (en)

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CN115929424A (en) * 2022-11-03 2023-04-07 中国能源建设集团江苏省电力设计院有限公司 Novel air turbine distribution system of compressed air energy storage power station and operation method
CN116658258A (en) * 2023-07-07 2023-08-29 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 Double-load steam turbine suitable for deep peak shaving and control method

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