CN114856662B - An anchor support structure for high ground stress interlayer soft rock tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides an anchor support structure for a high-ground stress interlayer soft rock tunnel, which solves the problem that the supporting force is insufficient during the anchor support process of the soft rock tunnel, resulting in the instability of the rock mass, and the instability of the anchor and the rock mass due to the excessive humidity of the rock mass. The present invention comprises a tunnel body, a plurality of groups of anchor fixing holes are provided in the tunnel body, the anchor fixing holes in the same group are equally spaced, fixed anchors are arranged in the anchor fixing holes, the fixed anchors are hollow structures, the fixed anchors are arranged in the anchor fixing holes and are connected with the anchor heads at one end, a support frame is fixedly connected in the tunnel body and is arranged directly below the anchor fixing holes, a plurality of plugging holes are provided on the support frame and are matched with the anchor fixing holes, a support circular plate fixedly connected to the tunnel body is coaxially arranged in the plugging hole, a threaded plate is detachably connected in the support circular plate, and the threaded plate is threadedly connected to the fixed anchor. A circular ventilation pipe is fixedly connected to the lower end of the support ring sleeve; the present invention has a delicate structure and is highly practical.

Description

An anchor support structure for high ground stress interlayer soft rock tunnel

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel anchor support equipment, in particular to an anchor support structure for a high ground stress interlayer soft rock tunnel.

Background technique

Anchor technology is a common support method, which is widely used in ground engineering such as rock and soil, deep foundation of slopes, and underground engineering such as mines and tunnels. The key contents of anchor setting in the project mainly include the distribution pattern of anchor side resistance and the ultimate pull-out force. The distribution form of anchor body side resistance directly determines the length of anchor anchoring section or the ultimate pull-out force of anchor, and the ultimate pull-out force determines the arrangement and number of anchors. However, the existing anchor support device has a simple structure, and the bond strength between the rod body and the mortar is poor, which is not conducive to increasing stability. Especially for high-stress interlayer soft rock tunnels, due to the soft geology, the soil layer is more prone to stress deformation, which leads to the increased instability of the entire structure and tunnel anchor fixation. Therefore, the support of tunnel anchors is particularly important.

However, there are currently several problems in the support process of anchor bolts in soft rock tunnels:

1. The resistance between the current anchor rods and the holes in the rock formation is small, which makes it difficult to support the anchor rods. At the same time, the support process cannot buffer the stress inside the tunnel, prevent the rock formation from deforming, and effectively support the rock formation to avoid unstable falling of the anchor rods and rock collapse.

2. Due to the characteristics of soft rock, the rock mass around the anchor rod will deform as the water content increases, resulting in structural instability. The existing support structure cannot dredge and drain the rock mass around the anchor rod.

Therefore, the present invention provides a high ground stress interlayer soft rock tunnel anchor support structure to solve this problem.

Summary of the invention

In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides an anchor support structure for a high-ground stress interlayer soft rock tunnel, which effectively solves the problems of insufficient support force leading to unstable rock mass and excessive rock humidity leading to instability of the anchor and rock mass during the anchor support process of the soft rock tunnel.

The present invention comprises a tunnel body, wherein a plurality of groups of anchor rod fixing holes are opened in the tunnel body, wherein the anchor rod fixing holes in the same group are distributed at equal intervals, wherein the anchor rod fixing holes are all provided with fixing anchor rods, wherein the fixing anchor rods are hollow structures, and the fixing anchor rods are placed in the anchor rod fixing holes and are connected with anchor rod heads at one end thereof;

A support frame is fixedly connected to the tunnel body and is placed directly below the anchor fixing hole. The support frame is provided with a plurality of plugging holes that match the anchor fixing holes. A support circular plate fixedly connected to the tunnel body is coaxially arranged in the plugging hole. A threaded plate is detachably connected to the support circular plate. The threaded plate is threadedly connected to the fixed anchor.

The lower end of the support frame is fixedly connected to the tunnel body.

Preferably, a sliding track is provided on the side where the support frame and the tunnel body are in contact, a lifting support plate is slidably connected in the sliding track, a lifting sleeve matching the blocking hole is provided on the lifting support plate, and the lifting support plate and the sliding track are connected by a strong spring.

Preferably, a sealing ring sleeve fixedly connected to the lifting support plate is arranged between the lifting support plate and the sliding rail, the sliding rail is filled with hydraulic oil, a plurality of oil holes are provided on both sides of the lower end of the sliding rail, hydraulic bins are fixedly connected on both sides of the lower end of the support frame, the hydraulic bins are communicated with the oil holes, a sliding piston plate is connected in the hydraulic bin for sliding up and down movement, a hydraulic telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the upper end of the sliding piston plate, and the upper end of the hydraulic telescopic rod is connected to the upper end of the hydraulic bin.

Preferably, the lifting support plate is provided with two diversion grooves symmetrically distributed front to back on a side close to the tunnel body, and a soil isolation mesh is fixedly connected to the diversion groove on a side close to the tunnel body.

Preferably, a plurality of guide holes are opened around the anchor rod fixing hole, a guide rod is fixedly connected in the guide hole, a plurality of seepage holes are opened on the guide rod, a guide cotton strip is coaxially fixedly connected inside the guide rod, the lower end of the guide cotton strip is placed inside the guide groove, and a guide sponge is laid in the guide groove.

Preferably, water storage tanks are fixedly connected to both sides of the lower end of the lifting bracket, the water storage tanks are communicated with the diversion grooves, and the water storage tanks are connected to an external water pumping device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective schematic diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective schematic diagram of the anchor rod and the guide rod of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the anchor rod and the guide rod of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a support plate and its connecting parts according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a support plate of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the hydraulic compartment and the connecting parts of the present invention.

FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a sliding track of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the guide rod and its internal structure of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The above and other technical contents, features and effects of the present invention will be clearly presented in the following detailed description of the embodiments with reference to Figures 1 to 9. The structural contents mentioned in the following embodiments are all referenced to the drawings in the specification.

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment 1, the present invention is an anchor support structure for a high ground stress interlayer soft rock tunnel, comprising a tunnel body 1, the tunnel body 1 providing a fixed support foundation for subsequent structures, a plurality of groups of anchor fixing holes 2 are opened in the tunnel body 1, the anchors are installed through the anchor fixing holes 2, the anchor fixing holes 2 in the same group are equally spaced, fixed anchors 3 are arranged in the anchor fixing holes 2, the fixed anchors 3 are arranged in the anchor fixing holes 2 and one end thereof is connected with an anchor head 4, the fixed anchors 3 are hollow structures, concrete can be poured into the anchor fixing holes 2 through the fixed anchors 3 to fix the anchor heads 4, and steel wires or cables can be passed through the hollow fixed anchors 3 to facilitate the positional fixation of subsequent structures;

A support frame 5 placed directly below the anchor bolt fixing hole 2 is fixedly connected in the tunnel body 1, and the tunnel body 1 is supported by the support frame 5 to avoid deformation of the tunnel body 1. A plurality of plugging holes 6 matching the anchor bolt fixing holes 2 are opened on the support frame 5, and the concrete poured in the anchor bolt fixing hole 2 is blocked by the plugging control to avoid the unsolidified concrete from falling off. A support circular plate 7 fixedly connected to the tunnel body 1 is coaxially arranged in the plugging hole 6, and the support circular plate 7 is fixedly connected to the tunnel body 1 by expansion bolts. The support circular plate 7 is used to support the structure entering the anchor bolt fixing hole 2, and a threaded plate is detachably connected in the support circular plate 7, and the threaded plate is threadedly connected to the fixed anchor 3, and the fixed anchor 3 is supported by the threaded plate, and the sliding control of the fixed anchor 3 is achieved by the threaded plate, and the fixed anchor 3 is rotated by fixing the threaded plate to achieve the lifting and sliding control of the fixed anchor 3;

The lower end of the support frame 5 is fixedly connected to the tunnel body 1, and the support frame 5 placed on the ground is used to support the tunnel body 1, which effectively supports the tunnel body 1 and avoids deformation of soft rock and soil, which may lead to unstable tunnel structure.

During the specific implementation of this embodiment, during the process of fixing the anchor rod, the support frame 5 is first placed in the tunnel body 1, and then the support circular plate 7 is fixed to the periphery of the anchor rod fixing hole 2, and then the anchor rod is placed in the anchor rod fixing hole 2, and then the threaded plate is sleeved on the fixed anchor rod 3, and then the threaded plate is fixedly connected to the support circular plate 7, and then the anchor rod head 4 is fixed in the anchor rod fixing hole 2, and then the concrete is piped into the anchor rod fixing hole 2 through the fixing screw, and then the fixed anchor rod 3 is rotated to withdraw the fixed anchor rod 3 from the anchor rod fixing hole 2, and then the external sealing plug is placed in the threaded plate, and then the concrete in the anchor rod fixing hole 2 is limited, and the concrete in the anchor rod fixing hole 2 is solidified.

Embodiment 2, on the basis of embodiment 1, in the process of supporting the tunnel body 1 by the support frame 5, the tunnel body 1 may be deformed, resulting in the problem of hard fracture of the support frame 5, which leads to the support function of the support frame 5 being insufficient. Therefore, this embodiment provides a flexible tunnel body 1 support structure. Specifically, a sliding track 8 is provided on one side where the support frame 5 and the tunnel body 1 are in contact. A lifting support plate 9 is slidably connected in the sliding track 8. The tunnel body 1 is supported by the lifting support plate 9, which avoids the deformation of the tunnel body 1. The lifting support plate 9 is provided with a lifting sleeve matched with the blocking hole 6 to ensure that the lifting support plate 9 can slide smoothly. The lifting support plate 9 and the sliding track 8 are connected by a strong spring. The lifting support plate 9 is supported by the strong spring. At the same time, when there is a strong deformation, the lifting support plate 9 will be deformed. At the same time, the lifting support plate 9 is buffered by the strong spring, which avoids the breakage of the support member and realizes the effective support of the lifting support plate 9 to the tunnel body 1.

Embodiment 3, on the basis of embodiment 2, in order to realize the enhanced auxiliary support of the lifting support plate 9 and effectively support the tunnel body 1, this embodiment provides a structure of auxiliary pressurized support. Specifically, a sealing ring sleeve fixedly connected to the lifting support plate 9 is arranged between the lifting support plate 9 and the sliding track 8, and the sealing ring sleeve is used to realize the sealing between the lifting support plate 9 and the sliding track 8. The sliding track 8 is filled with hydraulic oil, and a plurality of oil holes 11 are opened on both sides of the lower end of the sliding track 8. The lower end of the support frame 5 is fixedly connected with a hydraulic warehouse 12 on both sides, and the hydraulic warehouse 12 is connected with the oil holes 11. A sliding piston plate 13 is connected to the hydraulic warehouse 12 for sliding up and down. The upper end of the sliding piston plate 13 is fixedly connected with a hydraulic telescopic rod 14, and the upper end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 14 is connected to the upper end of the hydraulic warehouse 12. The extension and retraction of the hydraulic telescopic rod 14 drives the sliding piston plate 13 to rise and fall, thereby realizing the auxiliary control of the lifting and falling of the lifting support plate 9, and further strengthening the sliding resistance of the lifting support plate 9.

Embodiment 4, on the basis of embodiment 2, due to the geological characteristics of soft soil and rock, the tunnel body 1 will experience stress deformation in a humid environment, so it is particularly important to divert the water inside the tunnel body 1, so this embodiment provides a diversion structure, specifically, the lifting support plate 9 is provided with two diversion grooves 15 symmetrically distributed front and back on the side close to the tunnel body 1, and a soil isolation mesh 16 is fixedly connected to the diversion groove 15 on the side close to the tunnel body 1, and the water in the tunnel body 1 is diverted through the diversion groove 15, and at the same time, the soil isolation mesh 16 isolates the soil of the tunnel body 1, thereby preventing the rock and soil from entering the diversion groove 15 and causing the diversion groove 15 to be blocked, and the water in the tunnel body 1 is discharged to the outside in time, thereby ensuring the stability of the rock and soil of the tunnel body 1.

Embodiment 5, on the basis of embodiment 4, in order to ensure the stability of the hole for fixing the anchor rod 3 and to timely remove the water around the anchor rod, this embodiment provides an auxiliary support and diversion structure. Specifically, a plurality of diversion holes 17 are opened around the anchor rod fixing hole 2, and a diversion rod 10 is fixedly connected in the diversion hole 17. The anchor rod is auxiliary supported by the diversion rod 10 to avoid deformation of the rock and soil near the anchor rod. A plurality of seepage holes 18 are opened on the diversion rod 10. Through the seepage holes 18, the water is drained away. The water hole 18 guides the water in the rock mass to ensure that the external water enters the guide rod 10. The guide rod 10 is coaxially fixedly connected with a guide cotton strip 19. The lower end of the guide cotton strip 19 is placed in the guide groove 15. The water in the guide rod 10 is guided into the guide groove 15 through the guide cotton strip 19. The guide groove 15 is provided with a guide sponge. The water in the guide cotton strip 19 is adsorbed by the guide sponge and the water is discharged to the outside.

Embodiment 6. On the basis of embodiment 5, in order to facilitate the collection of water in the rock mass, this embodiment provides a water storage structure. Specifically, water storage tanks 20 are fixedly connected to both sides of the lower end of the lifting bracket. The water storage tanks 20 are connected to the diversion grooves 15. The water storage tanks 20 are connected to an external pumping device. The water in the diversion grooves 15 is collected by the water storage tanks, and the water in the water storage tanks 20 is pumped out by the pumping device and discharged to the outside.

When the present invention is used specifically, in the process of fixing the anchor rod, the support frame 5 is first placed in the tunnel body 1, and then the support circular plate 7 is fixed to the periphery of the anchor rod fixing hole 2, and then the anchor rod is placed in the anchor rod fixing hole 2, and then the threaded plate is sleeved on the fixed anchor rod 3, and then the threaded plate is fixedly connected to the support circular plate 7, and then the anchor rod head 4 is fixed in the anchor rod fixing hole 2, and then the concrete is piped into the anchor rod fixing hole 2 through the fixing screw, and then the fixed anchor rod 3 is rotated to withdraw the fixed anchor rod 3 from the anchor rod fixing hole 2, and then the external sealing plug is placed in the threaded plate, and then the concrete in the anchor rod fixing hole 2 is limited, and the concrete in the anchor rod fixing hole 2 is solidified;

At the same time, when the guide rod 10 is placed around the fixed anchor rod 3, the guide cotton strip 19 is then placed in the guide groove 15, and then the water inside the rock mass is guided into the water storage tank 20 to achieve the diversion of the water inside the rock mass;

When the rock mass is deformed, the tunnel body 1 is supported by strong springs and the lifting support plate 9. At the same time, when large-scale deformation occurs, the hydraulic telescopic rod 14 is started to press the sliding piston plate 13, thereby achieving strong support for the lifting support plate 9 and effectively supporting the tunnel body 1.

Claims (4)

1. An anchor support structure for a high ground stress interlayer soft rock tunnel, comprising a tunnel body (1), characterized in that a plurality of groups of anchor fixing holes (2) are opened in the tunnel body (1), the anchor fixing holes (2) in the same group are distributed at equal intervals, a fixing anchor (3) is arranged in each of the anchor fixing holes (2), the fixing anchor (3) is a hollow structure, and one end of the fixing anchor (3) is placed in the anchor fixing hole (2) and connected to an anchor head (4); A support frame (5) is fixedly connected to the tunnel body (1) and is placed directly below the anchor fixing hole (2). The support frame (5) is provided with a plurality of plugging holes (6) that match the anchor fixing holes (2). A support circular plate (7) fixedly connected to the tunnel body (1) is coaxially arranged in the plugging hole (6). A threaded plate is detachably connected to the support circular plate (7). The threaded plate is threadedly connected to the fixing anchor (3). The lower end of the support frame (5) is fixedly connected to the tunnel body (1); A sliding track (8) is provided on one side where the support frame (5) and the tunnel body (1) are in contact with each other, a lifting support plate (9) is slidably connected inside the sliding track (8), a lifting sleeve matching the blocking hole (6) is provided on the lifting support plate (9), and the lifting support plate (9) and the sliding track (8) are connected via a strong spring; A sealing ring sleeve fixedly connected to the lifting support plate (9) is arranged between the lifting support plate (9) and the sliding track (8); the sliding track (8) is filled with hydraulic oil; a plurality of oil holes (11) are provided on both sides of the lower end of the sliding track (8); a hydraulic bin (12) is fixedly connected to both sides of the lower end of the support frame (5); the hydraulic bin (12) and the oil holes (11) are connected; a sliding piston plate (13) is slidably connected up and down in the hydraulic bin (12); a hydraulic telescopic rod (14) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the sliding piston plate (13); and the upper end of the hydraulic telescopic rod (14) is connected to the upper end of the hydraulic bin (12). 2. A high ground stress interlayer soft rock tunnel anchor support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting support plate (9) is provided with two diversion grooves (15) symmetrically distributed front and back on the side close to the tunnel body (1), and a soil isolation mesh (16) is fixedly connected to the diversion groove (15) on the side close to the tunnel body (1). 3. An anchor support structure for a high-ground stress interlayer soft rock tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that a plurality of diversion holes (17) are provided around the anchor fixing hole (2), a diversion rod (10) is fixedly connected inside the diversion hole (17), a plurality of seepage holes (18) are provided on the diversion rod (10), a diversion cotton strip (19) is coaxially fixedly connected inside the diversion rod (10), the lower end of the diversion cotton strip (19) is placed inside the diversion groove (15), and a diversion sponge is laid inside the diversion groove (15). 4. The anchor support structure for a high-ground stress interlayer soft rock tunnel according to claim 3 is characterized in that water storage tanks (20) are fixedly connected to both sides of the lower end of the support frame (5), the water storage tanks (20) are connected to the diversion grooves (15), and the water storage tanks (20) are connected to an external pumping device.