CN114855887A - Waterproof structure of station underground structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Waterproof structure of station underground structure and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a waterproof structure of a station underground structure and a construction method thereof, belonging to the technical field of underground engineering construction. The waterproof structure of the underground structure of the station is simple in structural design and simple and convenient in construction method, can obviously compensate the contraction of concrete in each stage and reduce the partial hydration heat of the concrete on the basis of meeting the impermeability requirement of the concrete, achieves the purposes of inhibiting the cracking of the concrete and improving the self-waterproof performance of the concrete structure, obviously improves the crack resistance and the waterproof performance of the concrete structure compared with the traditional common waterproof concrete, effectively prolongs the service life of the underground structure of the station, meets the design requirements of service life and comprehensive performance of the underground structure of the station, and has better practical value and popularization prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground engineering construction, and particularly relates to a waterproof structure of a station underground structure and a construction method thereof.
Background
In the construction process of the station underground structure, the design of a waterproof structure is generally required to be carried out on the engineering, so that the underground engineering can meet the design requirements of waterproofing and seepage prevention. For a conventional underground engineering waterproof structure, common impervious concrete is generally adopted, and one or two flexible coiled materials are added to realize integral external waterproof. However, in recent years, the current situation of waterproof engineering according to the above method is not optimistic, the problem of infiltration is frequent, and the engineering quality is more and more concerned.
Data show that 80% of the existing construction projects in China have infiltration problems, and in GB 50108-2008 'underground engineering waterproof technical Specification', the regulations on waterproof concrete of a main body structure are mainly regulated in aspects of design of impermeability grade, material quality control, construction quality control and the like, so that the problem of water infiltration on the waterproof part of the underground project is solved more, and no good guidance effect on water leakage caused by cracks is achieved. Therefore, the current leakage problem of underground engineering is mostly caused by cracking of a concrete structure, so that the problem of cracking of the concrete structure becomes the basis for solving the leakage problem of the concrete engineering.
The waterproof structure of the underground structure of the high-speed rail station is large in investment once in construction, the urban junction position is obvious, the design life is long generally, the quality requirement of each part of engineering is high, the waterproof structure of the underground engineering is used as an important component in station constructional engineering, the waterproof design service life of the waterproof structure is generally higher than the waterproof service life requirement of the underground engineering of traditional civil engineering, the waterproof design service life of the waterproof structure is equal to the waterproof service life of the structural design, and the waterproof structure of the underground structure of the station is focused on the station design. Meanwhile, most of traditional outer waterproof materials are mainly organic high polymer materials, on one hand, construction is complex, lapping leakage hidden danger is high, water leakage is easy to generate, and the outer waterproof material is difficult to maintain and radically cure, on the other hand, the organic materials are easy to age and lose efficacy under the underground engineering environment, final waterproof effect and design waterproof durability age limit cannot be guaranteed, the existing station underground structure is caused to hardly meet actual waterproof requirements, and obvious design and application defects exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at one or more of the defects or the improvement requirements in the prior art, the invention provides the waterproof structure of the station underground structure and the construction method thereof, which can meet the rigid waterproof requirement of the station underground structure, ensure that the waterproof durable life of the station underground structure is matched with the designed service life of the station, and prolong the service life of the station underground structure and improve the waterproof effect.
In order to achieve the above object, in one aspect of the present invention, a waterproof structure for a station underground structure is provided, which includes a top plate and a bottom plate vertically spaced apart from each other, and a side wall disposed between the top plate and the bottom plate;
a waterproof structure layer is arranged in at least one of the top plate, the side walls and the bottom plate;
the waterproof structure layer is a self-waterproof concrete structure doped with a magnesium anti-cracking material; and is
The magnesium anti-cracking material is obtained by compounding a magnesium oxide clinker with the MgO content being more than or equal to 80 percent and the activity index being 80-200 s and a calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the f-CaO content being more than or equal to 40 percent; or
The magnesium anti-cracking material is prepared by compounding a magnesium oxide clinker with the MgO content of more than or equal to 80% and the activity index of 80-200 s, a calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the f-CaO content of more than or equal to 40% and a hydration heat inhibitor.
As a further improvement of the invention, the component proportion of the magnesium anti-cracking material is determined according to the thickness of the waterproof structure layer and the mold-entering temperature, and the component proportion is as follows:
when the thickness of the waterproof structure layer is 300-500 mm:
the mold-entering temperature is less than or equal to 15 ℃: 20-30% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 80-100 s, 70-80% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05%;
the mold-entering temperature is more than 15 ℃ and less than or equal to 30 ℃: 50-70% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 100-150 s, 30-50% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05% and 5-10% of hydration heat inhibitor;
the temperature of the mold is more than 30 ℃: 60-75% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 150-200 s, 10-20% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05% and 10-20% of hydration heat inhibitor;
when the thickness of the waterproof structure layer is 500 mm-1000 mm:
the mold-entering temperature is less than or equal to 15 ℃: 40-60% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 80-100 s and 40-60% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d restricted expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05%;
the mold-entering temperature is more than 15 ℃ and less than or equal to 30 ℃: 60-75% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 100-150 s, 20-30% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05% and 5-10% of hydration heat inhibitor;
the temperature of the mold is more than 30 ℃: 80-90% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 150-200 s, 0-5% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05% and 15-25% of hydration heat inhibitor;
when the thickness of the waterproof structure layer is more than 1000 mm:
the mold-entering temperature is less than or equal to 15 ℃: 60-80% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 100-150 s, 5-10% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05%, and 10-20% of hydration heat inhibitor;
the mold-entering temperature is more than 15 ℃ and less than or equal to 30 ℃: 70-85% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 150-200 s, 5-10% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05% and 10-15% of hydration heat inhibitor;
the temperature of the mold is more than 30 ℃: 85-95% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 150-200 s, 0-5% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05% and 15-25% of hydration heat inhibitor.
As a further improvement of the invention, the mixing amount of the magnesium anti-cracking material is 8-10%.
As a further improvement of the invention, the top plate comprises a first waterproof structure layer, a first waterproof coating layer, a waterproof mortar layer, a first water storage and drainage plate and a top plate surface layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top in the vertical direction; the first waterproof structure layer is a self-waterproof concrete structure doped with the magnesium anti-cracking material;
and/or
The side wall comprises a second waterproof structure layer, a second waterproof coating layer, a second water storage and drainage plate and a side wall surface layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside in the thickness direction; the second waterproof structure layer is a self-waterproof concrete structure doped with the magnesium anti-cracking material;
and/or
The bottom plate comprises a backfilling compacted grey soil layer, a cushion layer, a third waterproof structure layer, a third waterproof coating layer and a bottom plate surface layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top in the vertical direction; and the third waterproof structure layer is a self-waterproof concrete structure doped with the magnesium anti-cracking material.
As a further improvement of the invention, at least one waterproof coating layer is formed by coating a cement-based permeable crystallization inorganic waterproof coating, and
the cement-based permeable crystallization inorganic waterproof coating is a powdery material prepared from active chemical substances, and the active chemical substances are obtained by compounding portland cement with alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts and complex compounds.
As a further improvement of the invention, a waterproof mortar layer is arranged in the top plate, is high-molecular modified flexible polymer cement-based mortar and is formed by mixing acrylic emulsion with the concentration of more than or equal to 20% and 1:1 cement mortar.
As a further improvement of the invention, the top plate and the side walls are both provided with water storage and drainage plates, and
at least one water storage and drainage plate is a high impact polystyrene plastic plate with the thickness of 30 mm-50 mm.
As a further improvement of the invention, the concrete grade of the waterproof structure layer is C30-C60, the water cement ratio is not more than 0.45, the sand rate is not more than 45%, and the total amount of cementing materials is not more than 560kg/m 3 The cement consumption is not less than 200kg/m 3 The water consumption is 140- 3 The total using amount of the fly ash is not more than 40% of the using amount of the cementing material; and is provided with
The amount of the magnesium anti-cracking material is 8-10%, and the doping mode is that the inner doping replaces 4-5% of fly ash, and the outer doping is 4-5%.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waterproof construction method of a station underground structure, for the construction of the waterproof structure of the station underground structure,
the waterproof construction method comprises at least one of a top plate construction process, a side wall construction process and a bottom plate construction process;
the roof construction process comprises the following steps:
(1.1) pouring and molding a first waterproof structure layer of the magnesium-doped anti-cracking material on the lowest layer of the top plate construction position;
(1.2) constructing a first waterproof coating layer on the top surface of the first waterproof structure layer;
(1.3) after the first waterproof coating layer is hardened, coating a construction waterproof mortar layer on the surface of the first waterproof coating layer;
(1.4) paving a first water storage and drainage plate on the waterproof mortar layer, wherein the convex surface of the first water storage and drainage plate faces downwards;
(1.5) constructing a top plate surface layer on the top surface of the first water storage and drainage plate;
the side wall construction process comprises the following steps:
(2.1) pouring and molding a second waterproof structure layer of the magnesium-doped anti-cracking material on the innermost side of the construction position of the side wall;
(2.2) constructing a second waterproof coating layer on the surface of the second waterproof structure layer;
(2.3) paving a second water storage and drainage plate on the surface of the second waterproof coating layer, wherein the convex surface of the second water storage and drainage plate faces outwards;
(2.4) constructing a side wall surface layer on the outer side of the second water storage and drainage plate;
the bottom plate construction process comprises the following steps:
(3.1) tamping the bottom of the foundation pit to be constructed by using backfill soil to form a backfill tamped grey soil layer;
(3.2) pouring fine aggregate concrete on the surface of the backfilled and compacted grey soil layer to form a cushion layer;
(3.3) pouring a third waterproof structure layer of a magnesium-doped anti-cracking material on the top surface of the formed cushion layer;
(3.4) constructing a third waterproof coating layer on the surface of the third waterproof structure layer;
and (3.5) constructing a bottom plate surface layer on the top surface of the third water proofing coating layer.
As a further improvement of the invention, the construction sequence of at least one waterproof structure layer is that the waterproof structure layer is constructed from a low position to a high position, gradually pushed from one end of a long edge to the other end and ascends layer by layer; and is
The concrete is vibrated in layers in the construction process of the waterproof structure layer, the thickness of each layer is controlled to be 300-500 mm, the vibrating time is more than or equal to 10s, and the arrangement distance of vibration points is 500-600 mm.
The above-described improved technical features may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the technical scheme conceived by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the waterproof structure of the station underground structure, the magnesium-doped anti-cracking material-doped self-waterproof concrete structure is arranged in at least one of the top plate, the side wall and the bottom plate of the station underground structure, the waterproof structure layer is formed, and the shrinkage of each stage of the concrete can be obviously compensated and the partial hydration heat of the concrete can be reduced by utilizing the corresponding selection of the components and the proportion of the magnesium anti-cracking material, so that the cracking of the concrete is inhibited, the self-waterproof performance of the concrete structure is improved, compared with the traditional common waterproof concrete, the anti-cracking performance and the waterproof performance of the concrete structure are obviously improved, the waterproof capacity of the station underground structure is effectively improved, the designed waterproof life of the underground engineering is prolonged, the design service life of the underground engineering is kept consistent with that of the underground engineering, and the design requirement of the station is fully met.
(2) According to the waterproof structure of the station underground structure, the self-waterproof part and the outer waterproof part of the corresponding structure are mainly made of inorganic materials through the corresponding type selection of the waterproof mortar layer and the waterproof coating layer, the situations of material aging, failure and the like can be effectively avoided, the waterproof service life of the waterproof structure can be further kept consistent with the design age of the structure, the waterproof performance of the corresponding structure can be further improved by matching with the common arrangement of the waterproof structure layers, and the problem of leakage of the station underground structure is effectively solved.
(3) According to the waterproof structure of the station underground structure, the self-waterproof concrete structure poured by the magnesium anti-cracking material is arranged in the top plate, the bottom plate and the side walls, so that the station underground structure can form a full-rigid waterproof structure, the waterproof capability of the station underground structure can be effectively improved, the occurrence of weak leakage areas can be reduced, the maintenance cost of the station underground structure can be reduced, and the design and the service life of the station underground structure can be prolonged.
(4) The waterproof construction method of the station underground structure has the advantages of simple steps, convenient construction, capability of quickly realizing the waterproof structure of the station underground structure, reduction of the comprehensive manufacturing cost of the station underground structure, shortening of the construction period and the waterproof maintenance period of the station underground structure, and excellent application and popularization prospects.
(5) The waterproof structure of the underground structure of the station is simple in structural design and simple and convenient in construction method, can obviously compensate the shrinkage of each stage of concrete and reduce the partial hydration heat of the concrete on the basis of meeting the impermeability requirement of the concrete, achieves the purposes of inhibiting the cracking of the concrete and improving the self-waterproof performance of the concrete structure, fully meets the waterproof structural requirement of the underground structure of the high-speed railway station, obviously improves the crack resistance and the waterproof performance compared with the traditional common waterproof concrete, effectively prolongs the service life of the underground structure of the station, meets the design requirements of the service life and the comprehensive performance of the underground structure of the station, and has better practical value and popularization prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic top plate structure of a waterproof structure of a station underground structure in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side wall structure of a waterproof structure of a station underground structure in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a floor of a waterproof structure of a station underground structure in the embodiment of the invention;
in all the figures, the same reference numerals denote the same features, in particular:
1. a top plate; 101. a top plate facing; 102. non-woven fabrics; 103. a first water storage and discharge plate; 104. a waterproof mortar layer; 105. a first waterproof coating layer; 106. a first waterproof structure layer;
2. a side wall; 201. a second waterproof structure layer; 202. a second waterproof coating layer; 203. a second water storage and discharge plate; 204. a side wall surface layer;
3. a base plate; 301. a floor finish; 302. a third water proofing coating layer; 303. a third waterproof structure layer; 304. a cushion layer; 305. and backfilling and compacting the lime soil layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1 to 3, the waterproof structure of the station underground structure in the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a top plate 1, side walls 2, and a bottom plate 3, which are respectively configured to be waterproof, the top plate 1 and the bottom plate 3 are vertically spaced, the side walls 2 are vertically disposed between the top plate 1 and the bottom plate 3, two sides of the top plate 1 are respectively connected to tops of the side walls 2, and two sides of the bottom plate 3 are respectively connected to bottoms of the side walls 2, so as to form a rigid waterproof structure.
Specifically, the top plate 1 in the preferred embodiment includes, as shown in fig. 1, a first waterproof structure layer 106, a first waterproof paint layer 105, a waterproof mortar layer 104, and a first water storage and drainage plate 103, which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top in the vertical direction, a non-woven fabric 102 is laid on the surface of the first water storage and drainage plate 103, and finally, a top plate surface layer 101 is arranged on the surface side of the non-woven fabric 102, and is used as vegetation planting soil on the surface side of the top plate 1.
Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 2, the side wall 2 in the preferred embodiment includes a second waterproof structure layer 201, a second waterproof coating layer 202, a second water storage and drainage plate 203, and a side wall surface layer 204 disposed on the surface side of the second water storage and drainage plate 203, which are sequentially disposed from inside to outside in the thickness direction of the side wall.
Further, the base plate 3 in the preferred embodiment is as shown in fig. 3, and includes a backfill rammed gray soil layer 305, a cushion layer 304, a third water-proofing structure layer 303 and a third water-proofing coating layer 302, which are arranged vertically from bottom to top in sequence, and a base plate surface layer 301 is arranged on the surface of the third water-proofing coating layer 302.
In the structure, the waterproof structure layers (i.e. the first waterproof structure layer 106, the second waterproof structure layer 201 and the third waterproof structure layer 303) are all self-waterproof concrete structures made of magnesium anti-cracking materials, the minimum thickness of the self-waterproof concrete structures is more than or equal to 300mm, and the minimum thickness of the post-cast strip and the expansion reinforcing strip is more than or equal to 350 mm.
More specifically, the magnesium anti-cracking material is preferably prepared by compounding a magnesium oxide clinker with the MgO content of more than or equal to 80% and the activity index of 80-200 s with a certain proportion of a calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the f-CaO content of more than or equal to 40% and a hydration heat inhibitor, wherein the proportion of the magnesium oxide clinker, the calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent and the hydration heat inhibitor can be correspondingly adjusted according to the thickness of the waterproof structure layer and the mold-entering temperature, and the specific proportion adjustment form is as follows:
when the thickness of the structural layer is 300 mm-500 mm:
the mold-entering temperature is less than or equal to 15 ℃: 20-30% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 80-100 s, 70-80% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05%;
the mold-entering temperature is more than 15 ℃ and less than or equal to 30 ℃: 50-70% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 100-150 s, 30-50% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05% and 5-10% of hydration heat inhibitor;
the temperature of the mold is more than 30 ℃: 60-75% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 150-200 s, 10-20% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05% and 10-20% of hydration heat inhibitor;
when the thickness of the structural layer is 500 mm-1000 mm:
the mold-entering temperature is less than or equal to 15 ℃: 40-60% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 80-100 s and 40-60% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d restricted expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05%;
the mold-entering temperature is more than 15 ℃ and less than or equal to 30 ℃: 60-75% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 100-150 s, 20-30% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05% and 5-10% of hydration heat inhibitor;
the temperature of the mold is more than 30 ℃: 80-90% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 150-200 s, 0-5% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05% and 15-25% of hydration heat inhibitor;
when the thickness of the structural layer is greater than 1000 mm:
the mold-entering temperature is less than or equal to 15 ℃: 60-80% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 100-150 s, 5-10% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05%, and 10-20% of hydration heat inhibitor;
the mold-entering temperature is more than 15 ℃ and less than or equal to 30 ℃: 70-85% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 150-200 s, 5-10% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05% and 10-15% of hydration heat inhibitor;
the temperature of the mold is more than 30 ℃: 85-95% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 150-200 s, 0-5% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05% and 15-25% of hydration heat inhibitor.
Furthermore, the raw materials of the waterproof structure layer comprise cement, fly ash, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, water and a water reducing agent besides the magnesium anti-cracking material.
Particularly preferably ordinary portland or portland cement of cement grade 42.5 and above; the fly ash is the fly ash of a class F power plant above class II; the coarse aggregate is continuous graded broken stone with the grain diameter not more than 26.5mm, and the mud content is not more than 1.5 percent; the fineness modulus of the fine aggregate is 2.6-3.5, the mud content is not more than 2.0%, and machine-made sand or river sand can be further preferably selected; the water reducing agent can be any one of polycarboxylic acid type, aliphatic series or naphthalene type water reducing agents.
Meanwhile, the grade range of the concrete formed based on the raw materials is preferably C30-C60, the water-cement ratio is not more than 0.45, the sand rate is not more than 45%, and the total amount of the cementing material is not more than 560kg/m 3 The cement consumption is not less than 200kg/m 3 The water consumption is 140- 3 The total using amount of the fly ash is not more than 40% of the using amount of the cementing material; the amount of the magnesia anti-cracking material is 8-10%, the doping mode is that the inner doping replaces 4-5% of fly ash, and the outer doping is 4-5%; the concrete slump is 160 mm-200 mm.
In one embodiment, the concrete isThe total amount of the cementing material in the original combination ratio of pouring construction is 395kg/m 3 Wherein the cement dosage is 250kg/m 3 The dosage of the mineral powder is 70kg/m 3 The dosage of the fly ash is 75kg/m 3 (ii) a After the mixing proportion is optimized according to the internal mixing method in the preferred embodiment, the cement consumption is 250kg/m 3 The dosage of the mineral powder is 60kg/m 3 The dosage of the fly ash is 55kg/m 3 The dosage of the magnesia anti-cracking material is 30kg/m 3 The total amount of the glue material is not changed, the water-cement ratio is 0.42, and the water consumption is 165kg/m 3 The sand rate is 43 percent, and the mixing amount of the aliphatic water reducing agent is 8.69kg/m 3 And the concrete slump is 180 +/-20 mm, the measured 28d compressive strength value is 42.8MPa, and the impermeability grade is more than P12.
When concrete construction is actually carried out, the construction sequence is preferably further constructed from a low position to a high position, the construction is gradually pushed towards the other end along one end of the long edge, and the construction is ascended layer by layer. Meanwhile, the concrete is vibrated in layers, the thickness of each layer is controlled to be 300-500 mm, the vibrating time is more than or equal to 10s, the arrangement distance of vibration points is 500-600 mm, and leakage vibration, under vibration and over vibration are avoided. In addition, for the second waterproof structure layer 201 in the side wall 2, it can be formed by layered pouring and vibrating according to the height. Correspondingly, after the pouring of the waterproof structure layers in the bottom plate 3 and the top plate 1 is finished, the concrete is flattened, the first manual plastering and finishing are carried out, and the second plastering is carried out by a plastering machine before final setting, so that the shrinkage cracks of the concrete in the early plastic stage are eliminated; and after the concrete is finally set, timely watering and curing and covering with a film or a felt.
Furthermore, the form removal after the concrete structure is formed can be adjusted according to different parts and different seasonal characteristics. The time for removing the side templates of the bottom plate 3 and the side templates of the side walls 2 is 4 d-7 d, the time for loading and removing the top plate 1 is determined according to the strength of concrete, the time is preferably 7 d-14 d, the maintenance adopts a plastic film and felt cloth to cover for 7d, the heat preservation and moisture preservation maintenance is carried out, and the watering and moisture preservation maintenance is carried out after 7 d.
In more detail, the waterproof mortar layer 104 of each part of the waterproof structure in the preferred embodiment is preferably a high molecular modified flexible polymer cement-based mortar, which is specifically formed by mixing acrylic emulsion with the concentration of more than or equal to 20% and 1:1 cement mortar, and the thickness of the waterproof mortar layer 104 in the preferred embodiment is preferably 10mm to 12 mm.
Meanwhile, the waterproof coating layers (i.e., the first waterproof coating layer 105, the second waterproof coating layer 202, and the third waterproof coating layer 302) in the preferred embodiment are cement-based permeable crystalline inorganic waterproof coatings, the coating thickness is preferably 1.2 to 1.5mm, and further, a powdery cement-based permeable crystalline waterproof material is preferably prepared by taking portland cement as a main component and adding a certain amount of active chemical substances compounded by alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts, complex compounds, and the like, and is used for waterproof engineering of cement concrete structures.
In addition, the water storage and drainage plates (the first water storage and drainage plate 103 and the second water storage and drainage plate 203) in the preferred embodiment are preferably high impact polystyrene plastic plates with a thickness of 30mm to 50mm, and the non-woven fabric 102 is preferably 30 g to 50g polypropylene non-woven fabric.
For the waterproof structure of the station underground structure, the construction method of the top plate 1, the side walls 2 and the bottom plate 3 preferably includes the following steps.
For the construction of the top plate 1, the construction process is preferably as follows:
(1.1) pouring and forming a first waterproof structure layer 106 of the magnesium-doped anti-cracking material at the lowest layer of the construction position of the top plate 1, and respectively performing two times of finishing and finishing in the forming process of the first waterproof structure layer 106 to eliminate shrinkage cracks of the concrete at the early plasticity stage;
(1.2) cleaning the surface of the formed first waterproof structure layer 106, and reserving a siphon drain hole;
(1.3) sprinkling water on the top surface of the first waterproof structure layer 106 to ensure that the concrete absorbs water fully until no clear water exists;
(1.4) constructing a first waterproof coating layer 105 on the top surface of the first waterproof structure layer 106;
in actual operation, a cement-based permeable crystallization inorganic coating is used for brushing a construction joint, a post-cast strip and a male and female corner for 2-3 times; then, painting the top surface of the first waterproof structure layer 106 for the first time along the first direction, painting the top surface of the first waterproof structure layer for the second time along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and painting the top surface of the first waterproof structure layer for the third time along the first direction as required;
(1.5) after the first waterproof coating layer 105 is hardened, coating a waterproof mortar layer 104 on the surface of the first waterproof coating layer; in actual practice, the waterproof mortar layer 104 is preferably finished by two layers of plastering, and the plastering thickness of the first layer is preferably 4-6 mm;
(1.6) paving a first water storage and drainage plate 103 on a waterproof mortar layer 104 to enable the convex surface of the first water storage and drainage plate to face downwards;
(1.7) the non-woven fabric 102 is laid on the top surface of the first water storage and discharge plate 103, and the top surface layer 101 having a certain thickness is provided on the non-woven fabric 102 as necessary, thereby completing the construction of the top plate 1.
When the top plate surface layer 101 has a need for planting vegetation, the top plate surface layer 101 may further preferably be a covering soil layer.
For the construction of the side wall 2, the construction process is preferably as follows:
(2.1) pouring and molding a second waterproof structure layer 201 of the magnesium-doped anti-cracking material on the innermost side of the construction position of the side wall 2;
(2.2) after the second waterproof structure layer 201 is demoulded and maintained, performing surface treatment on parts with uneven surface, defects and the like;
(2.3) constructing a second waterproof coating layer 202 on the surface of the second waterproof structure layer 201; preferably, the construction joint, the post-cast strip and the internal and external corners are coated with cement-based permeable crystallization inorganic paint for 2-3 times; then, painting the top surface of the second waterproof structure layer 201 for the first time along the first direction, painting the top surface of the second waterproof structure layer for the second time along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and painting the top surface of the second waterproof structure layer for the third time along the first direction as required;
(2.4) paving a second water storage and drainage plate 203 on the surface of the second waterproof paint layer 202, so that the convex surface of the second water storage and drainage plate faces outwards;
(2.5) paving non-woven fabrics on the outer side surface of the second water storage and drainage plate 203, and constructing a side wall surface layer 204 on the non-woven fabrics to finish the construction of the side wall 2.
For the construction of the bottom plate 3, the construction process is preferably as follows:
(3.1) tamping the bottom of the foundation pit to be constructed by using backfill soil to form a backfill tamped grey soil layer 305;
(3.2) pouring fine stone concrete on the surface of the backfilled and compacted lime soil layer 305 to form a cushion layer 304, and leveling the surface of the cushion layer;
(3.3) after the fine stone concrete cushion 304 is hardened, cleaning the base layer and spraying water to ensure that the concrete fully absorbs water until no clear water exists;
(3.4) pouring a third waterproof structure layer 303 of a magnesium-doped anti-cracking material on the top surface of the cushion layer 304;
(3.5) constructing a third waterproof coating layer 302 on the surface of the third waterproof structure layer 303; the construction method is the same as that of the first waterproof coating layer 105 in the top plate 1, and the description is omitted here;
and (3.6) constructing a surface layer on the surface of the third water proofing coating layer 302 to form a bottom plate surface layer 301, and finishing the construction of the bottom plate 3.
During actual construction, the bottom of the second waterproof structure layer 201 in the sidewall 2 preferably extends into the bottom plate 3, and is connected with the third waterproof structure layer 303 in the bottom plate 3 to form an integral waterproof structure; accordingly, when the first waterproof structure layer 106 in the top plate 1 is constructed, it is preferably connected with the top of the second waterproof structure layer 201 of the side wall 2, so as to form an integral waterproof structure. So, through the above-mentioned setting of roof 1, side wall 2, bottom plate 3, can form the waterproof structure of full rigidity among the station underground structure, fully promote the waterproof ability of station underground structure.
The waterproof structure of the underground structure of the station is simple in structural design and simple and convenient in construction method, can obviously compensate the contraction of each stage of concrete and reduce partial hydration heat of the concrete on the basis of meeting the impermeability requirement of the concrete, achieves the purposes of inhibiting the cracking of the concrete and improving the self-waterproof performance of the concrete structure, obviously improves the cracking resistance and the waterproof performance compared with the traditional common waterproof concrete, effectively prolongs the service life of the underground structure of the station, meets the design requirement of service life and the design requirement of comprehensive performance of the underground structure of the station, and has good practical value and popularization prospect.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A waterproof structure of a station underground structure comprises a top plate, a bottom plate and side walls, wherein the top plate and the bottom plate are vertically arranged at intervals; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
a waterproof structure layer is arranged in at least one of the top plate, the side walls and the bottom plate;
the waterproof structure layer is a self-waterproof concrete structure doped with a magnesium anti-cracking material; and is
The magnesium anti-cracking material is obtained by compounding a magnesium oxide clinker with the MgO content being more than or equal to 80 percent and the activity index being 80-200 s and a calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the f-CaO content being more than or equal to 40 percent; or
The magnesium anti-cracking material is prepared by compounding a magnesium oxide clinker with the MgO content of more than or equal to 80% and the activity index of 80-200 s, a calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the f-CaO content of more than or equal to 40% and a hydration heat inhibitor.
2. The waterproof structure of a station underground structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnesium anti-cracking material is determined according to the thickness of the waterproof structure layer and the mold-entering temperature, and comprises the following components in proportion:
when the thickness of the waterproof structure layer is 300-500 mm:
the mold-entering temperature is less than or equal to 15 ℃: 20-30% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 80-100 s, 70-80% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05%;
the mold-entering temperature is more than 15 ℃ and less than or equal to 30 ℃: 50-70% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 100-150 s, 30-50% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05% and 5-10% of hydration heat inhibitor;
the temperature of the mold is more than 30 ℃: 60-75% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 150-200 s, 10-20% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05% and 10-20% of hydration heat inhibitor;
when the thickness of the waterproof structure layer is 500 mm-1000 mm:
the mold-entering temperature is less than or equal to 15 ℃: 40-60% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 80-100 s and 40-60% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d restricted expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05%;
the mold-entering temperature is more than 15 ℃ and less than or equal to 30 ℃: 60-75% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 100-150 s, 20-30% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d restricted expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05% and 5-10% of hydration heat inhibitor;
the temperature of the mold is more than 30 ℃: 80-90% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 150-200 s, 0-5% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05% and 15-25% of hydration heat inhibitor;
when the thickness of the waterproof structure layer is more than 1000 mm:
the mold-entering temperature is less than or equal to 15 ℃: 60-80% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 100-150 s, 5-10% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05%, and 10-20% of hydration heat inhibitor;
the mold-entering temperature is more than 15 ℃ and less than or equal to 30 ℃: 70-85% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 150-200 s, 5-10% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05% and 10-15% of hydration heat inhibitor;
the temperature of the mold is more than 30 ℃: 85-95% of magnesium oxide clinker with the activity index of 150-200 s, 0-5% of calcium sulphoaluminate-calcium oxide expanding agent with the 7d limited expansion rate of more than or equal to 0.05% and 15-25% of hydration heat inhibitor.
3. The waterproof structure of a station underground structure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of the magnesium anti-cracking material is 8-10%.
4. The waterproof structure of a station underground structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the top plate comprises a first waterproof structure layer, a first waterproof coating layer, a waterproof mortar layer, a first water storage and drainage plate and a top plate surface layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top in the vertical direction; the first waterproof structure layer is a self-waterproof concrete structure doped with the magnesium anti-cracking material;
and/or
The side wall comprises a second waterproof structure layer, a second waterproof coating layer, a second water storage and drainage plate and a side wall surface layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside in the thickness direction; the second waterproof structure layer is a self-waterproof concrete structure doped with the magnesium anti-cracking material;
and/or
The bottom plate comprises a backfilling compacted grey soil layer, a cushion layer, a third waterproof structure layer, a third waterproof coating layer and a bottom plate surface layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top in the vertical direction; and the third waterproof structure layer is a self-waterproof concrete structure doped with the magnesium anti-cracking material.
5. The waterproof structure of a station underground structure according to claim 4,
at least one waterproof coating layer is formed by coating a cement-based permeable crystalline inorganic waterproof coating, and
the cement-based permeable crystallization inorganic waterproof coating is a powdery material prepared from active chemical substances, and the active chemical substances are obtained by compounding portland cement with alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts and complex compounds.
6. The waterproof structure of a station underground structure according to claim 4,
the top plate is provided with a waterproof mortar layer which is high-molecular modified flexible polymer cement-based mortar and is formed by mixing acrylic emulsion with the concentration of more than or equal to 20% and 1:1 cement mortar.
7. The waterproof structure of a station underground structure according to any one of claims 4 to 6,
the top plate and the side walls are all provided with water storage and drainage plates, and
at least one water storage and drainage plate is a high impact polystyrene plastic plate with the thickness of 30 mm-50 mm.
8. The waterproof structure of a station underground structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
the concrete grade of the waterproof structure layer is C30-C60, the water cement ratio is not more than 0.45, the sand rate is not more than 45 percent, and the total amount of cementing materials is not more than 560kg/m 3 The cement consumption is not less than 200kg/m 3 The water consumption is 140- 3 The total using amount of the fly ash is not more than 40% of the using amount of the cementing material; and is
The amount of the magnesium anti-cracking material is 8-10%, and the doping mode is that the inner doping replaces 4-5% of fly ash, and the outer doping is 4-5%.
9. A waterproof construction method of a station underground structure, which is used for the construction of the waterproof structure of the station underground structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8,
the waterproof construction method comprises at least one of a top plate construction process, a side wall construction process and a bottom plate construction process;
the roof construction process comprises the following steps:
(1.1) pouring and molding a first waterproof structure layer of the magnesium-doped anti-cracking material on the lowest layer of the top plate construction position;
(1.2) constructing a first waterproof coating layer on the top surface of the first waterproof structure layer;
(1.3) after the first waterproof coating layer is hardened, coating a construction waterproof mortar layer on the surface of the first waterproof coating layer;
(1.4) paving a first water storage and drainage plate on the waterproof mortar layer, wherein the convex surface of the first water storage and drainage plate faces downwards;
(1.5) constructing a top plate surface layer on the top surface of the first water storage and drainage plate;
the side wall construction process comprises the following steps:
(2.1) pouring and molding a second waterproof structure layer of the magnesium-doped anti-cracking material on the innermost side of the construction position of the side wall;
(2.2) constructing a second waterproof coating layer on the surface of the second waterproof structure layer;
(2.3) paving a second water storage and drainage plate on the surface of the second waterproof coating layer, wherein the convex surface of the second water storage and drainage plate faces outwards;
(2.4) constructing a side wall surface layer on the outer side of the second water storage and drainage plate;
the bottom plate construction process comprises the following steps:
(3.1) tamping the bottom of the foundation pit to be constructed by using backfill soil to form a backfill tamped grey soil layer;
(3.2) pouring fine aggregate concrete on the surface of the backfilled and compacted grey soil layer to form a cushion layer;
(3.3) pouring a third waterproof structure layer of a magnesium-doped anti-cracking material on the top surface of the formed cushion layer;
(3.4) constructing a third waterproof coating layer on the surface of the third waterproof structure layer;
and (3.5) constructing a bottom plate surface layer on the top surface of the third water proofing coating layer.
10. The waterproof construction method of a station underground structure as claimed in claim 9,
the construction sequence of at least one waterproof structure layer is that the waterproof structure layer is constructed from a low position to a high position, gradually pushes along one end of a long edge to the other end and ascends layer by layer; and is
The concrete is vibrated in layers in the construction process of the waterproof structure layer, the thickness of each layer is controlled to be 300-500 mm, the vibrating time is more than or equal to 10s, and the arrangement distance of vibration points is 500-600 mm.
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