CN114854475A - Vegetable oil-based biodegradable lubricating oil with good stability and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Vegetable oil-based biodegradable lubricating oil with good stability and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114854475A CN114854475A CN202210631453.9A CN202210631453A CN114854475A CN 114854475 A CN114854475 A CN 114854475A CN 202210631453 A CN202210631453 A CN 202210631453A CN 114854475 A CN114854475 A CN 114854475A
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- Prior art keywords
- oil
- lubricating oil
- modified polyester
- castor oil
- polyester polyol
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- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010773 plant oil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- -1 alkenyl succinimides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FZWBABZIGXEXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;hexanedioic acid Chemical compound OCCO.OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O FZWBABZIGXEXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MTFZZIDPJNHPNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (dihydroxy-lambda4-sulfanylidene)-dihydroxy-sulfanyl-lambda5-phosphane Chemical compound OP(=S(O)O)(O)S MTFZZIDPJNHPNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAEDWKNFXVUORY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;hexanedioic acid Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO.OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O NAEDWKNFXVUORY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZATXRHXOOLEFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-dodecylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SZATXRHXOOLEFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100244348 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) pma-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic acid Chemical class CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HPXYFPBBKMWIFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OCCO.OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O HPXYFPBBKMWIFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005609 naphthenate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004987 plasma desorption mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011527 polyurethane coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/22—Polyesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/46—Polyesters chemically modified by esterification
- C08G63/48—Polyesters chemically modified by esterification by unsaturated higher fatty oils or their acids; by resin acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/041—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being macromolecular compounds only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/047—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/401—Fatty vegetable or animal oils used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/102—Polyesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/18—Anti-foaming property
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/64—Environmental friendly compositions
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of new materials, and particularly relates to a plant oil-based biodegradable lubricating oil with good stability and a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, the castor oil modified polyester polyol prepared by adding the specific raw materials and the alcohol acid ratio into the vegetable oil is adopted, so that the oxidation stability and the low-temperature fluidity of the vegetable-based lubricating oil are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new materials. More particularly, relates to a vegetable oil-based biodegradable lubricating oil with good stability and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The biodegradable lubricating oil is characterized in that the lubricating oil can meet the use requirements of mechanical equipment, can be decomposed into carbon dioxide and water by active microorganisms (bacteria) in a short time, and the lubricating oil and loss products thereof do not harm the environment, so the biodegradable lubricating oil is also called as environment-friendly lubricating oil.
The vegetable oil used as the biodegradable lubricating oil base oil mainly comprises olive oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower seed oil, soybean oil and the like. Vegetable oil as biodegradable lubricating oil mainly has the following advantages: the non-toxic and excellent biodegradation performance: the glyceride group of the vegetable oil is easy to hydrolyze, unsaturated double bonds in the ester chain are very easy to be attacked by microorganisms to generate beta oxidation, so that the vegetable oil has good biodegradability, and meanwhile, natural fatty acid in the vegetable oil can play a role in promoting in the degradation process; secondly, the viscosity-temperature characteristic and the viscosity index are better; good lubricity: the vegetable oil molecule contains polar group, and can form adsorption film on the metal surface, and the fatty acid in the vegetable oil can react with the metal surface to form single layer film of metal soap, both of which can play the role of friction and wear resistance; and fourthly, the catalyst can be regenerated. However, vegetable oils have poor oxidation stability and low-temperature fluidity due to their unsaturated bonds and triple glyceride bonds [1] At the same time, the foaming is more and the filterability is inferior compared with the mineral oil.
Therefore, the difficulty in developing vegetable oil-based biodegradable lubricating oils is to overcome their poor oxidation stability and low-temperature fluidity and inevitable foaming.
The castor oil modified polyester polyol is mainly applied to polyurethane foam, adhesives and high-solid-content polyurethane coatings, a polyurethane product prepared from the castor oil modified polyester polyol has good thermal stability, and meanwhile, the castor oil modified polyester polyol has certain viscosity (the required viscosity can be obtained by controlling the alcohol-acid ratio), but the castor oil modified polyester polyol is not reported to be used as a lubricant at present.
[1]Fox N J,Stachowiak G W.Vegetable oil-based lubricants-A review of oxidation[J].Tribology International,2007,40(7):1035-1046.
Disclosure of Invention
It is known that prior art products containing castor oil-modified polyester polyols are not generally useful as lubricants, for example, castor oil-modified polyester polyols as described above are used in polyurethane products to improve their thermal stability. However, the present inventors have first discovered the use of a castor oil-modified polyester polyol for use in lubricants, which when blended with a vegetable oil, significantly improves the oxidative stability and low temperature fluidity of the vegetable oil, which is beyond expectations.
Although castor oil is used as a main raw material for the castor oil-modified polyester polyol as a potential mechanism for obtaining the above-mentioned effects, it is not yet determined that castor oil-modified polyester polyol is a key influencing factor.
In addition, since the castor oil-modified polyester polyol has potential biodegradability, the vegetable oil-based lubricating oil containing the castor oil-modified polyester polyol is also completely biodegradable.
The invention therefore proposes, firstly, the use of castor oil-modified polyester polyols as lubricants. Although the present invention claims the use of castor oil-modified polyester polyols as lubricants, it is not the case that castor oil-modified polyester polyols prepared by the known methods exhibit this particular function. For example, castor oil-modified polyester polyols prepared using different types of polyols, acids, or different raw material ratios all exhibit different functions, and some of the castor oil-modified polyester polyols exhibit neither a function of enhancing oxidation stability of vegetable oil nor a function of enhancing low-temperature fluidity of vegetable oil; some only exhibit a function of enhancing the oxidation stability of vegetable oils to a lesser extent; some of the vegetable oil has strong effect of enhancing the low-temperature fluidity of the vegetable oil. In summary, only the specific raw materials and raw material ratios produce the castor oil-modified polyester polyol that exhibits the desired properties.
Specifically, the castor oil modified polyester polyol defined by the invention is prepared by the following steps:
mixing castor oil, pentaerythritol and adipic acid, and adding tetrabutyl titanate with the total mass of 0.01-0.05%; introduction of N 2 Slowly raising the temperature to 160-200 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1-2 hours; adding ethylene glycol, continuously heating to 200-230 ℃, and reacting for 3-5 h; and when the acid value is reduced to 2-5 mgKOH/g, reducing the temperature to 160-180 ℃, decompressing for 0.5-1 h, and vacuumizing to obtain the catalyst.
Further, the mass ratio of the castor oil to the pentaerythritol to the adipic acid is 1: 0.5-1.5: 1-3; preferably 1:1:3 or 1:1.5: 3; more preferably 1:1: 3.
Further, in the preparation process, the proportion of alcohol and acid in the raw material, wherein the mass fraction of the glycol relative to the castor oil is 5-10%, has a large influence on the viscosity of the prepared castor oil modified polyester polyol, and when the alcohol and the acid are in the range defined by the invention, the prepared castor oil modified polyester polyol has a proper viscosity and has the most ideal performance when being added into vegetable oil.
Further, the mass of the added tetrabutyl titanate is preferably 0.01 to 0.05%, preferably 0.02%, 0.03%, or 0.05%.
Further, N is introduced 2 And in the process of slowly heating to 160-200 ℃, the heating rate is controlled at a rate of 10 ℃/0.5 h.
Further, it is desirable that the acid value is reduced to 5mgKOH/g, and then the temperature is reduced to 160 ℃ and the pressure is reduced for 1 hour.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a lubricating oil having good stability, comprising:
a) 1-99% by weight of the castor oil-modified polyester polyol;
b) 1-99% by weight of a base stock; and
c)0.1 to 20% by weight of one or more additives.
Further, the base stock is selected from vegetable oils. Although the base stocks only exemplify vegetable oils, the use of the castor oil-modified polyester polyol prepared according to the present invention in other base stocks, such as mineral oils, polyolefins, etc., is not limited, but the present application mainly emphasizes that the castor oil-modified polyester polyol is most effective for use in vegetable oil-based lubricating oils among the above base stocks.
Further, the vegetable oil is selected from one or more of rapeseed oil, sunflower seed oil, castor seed oil, olive oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil and soybean oil.
Further, the vegetable oil is rapeseed oil, which is more desirable than other vegetable oils because the low-temperature fluidity of rapeseed oil is better than other vegetable oils, and the thermal oxidation stability and the low-temperature fluidity of rapeseed oil are acceptable or even beyond expectations after the castor oil-modified polyester polyol is added.
Further, the additive is selected from one or more of a dispersant, a detergent, an antiwear agent, an antioxidant, a viscosity modifier, and a suds suppressor.
The lubricating oil of the invention has high acceptance of the dispersant, and the dispersant known in the prior art can be applied to the lubricating oil of the invention as long as the effect of the castor oil modified polyester polyol is not influenced. The optional dispersants are typically ashless dispersants, such as basic nitrogen-containing ashless dispersants, which are typically present in the lubricating oil at 0.1 to 10% by weight. Of these, preferred dispersants are alkenyl succinimides or alkenyl succinamides.
The lubricating oil of the invention has high acceptance of detergents, and detergents known in the prior art can be applied to the lubricating oil of the invention as long as the effect of the castor oil modified polyester polyol is not affected. The optional detergents are typically oil soluble overbased sulfonates, sulfurized phenates, salicylates, or naphthenates. The detergent is about 0.1 to 10 wt% based on the total weight of the lubricating oil.
The lubricating oil has high receptivity to the anti-wear agent, and the anti-wear agent known in the prior art can be applied to the lubricating oil provided that the effect of the castor oil modified polyester polyol is not influenced. An alternative antiwear agent is typically a metal salt of a dihydroxydithiophosphate and may specifically be a zinc dihydroxydithiophosphate. The antiwear agent is about 0.1 to 1 wt% based on the total weight of the lubricating oil.
The lubricating oil of the present invention has a high acceptance of antioxidants, and antioxidants known in the art can be used in the lubricating oil of the present invention, as long as the effect of the castor oil-modified polyester polyol is not affected. The antioxidants of choice are typically hindered phenols, aromatic amines, suitable hindered phenol antioxidants include: 2, 6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-methyl-2, 6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-dodecyl-2, 6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2, 6-dialkylphenol propionate derivatives, 4-bis (2, 6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4-methylenebis (2, 6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4-dioctyldiphenylamine, 4-dinonyldiphenylamine or N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine. The antioxidant is about 0.1 to 5 wt% based on the total weight of the lubricating oil.
The lubricating oil of the invention has high receptivity to the viscosity modifier, and the viscosity modifier known in the prior art can be applied to the lubricating oil of the invention as long as the effect of the castor oil modified polyester polyol is not influenced. An alternative viscosity modifier is typically polymethacrylate PMA 1. The viscosity modifier is about 0.1 to 3 wt% based on the total weight of the lubricating oil.
The lubricating oil of the invention has high acceptance of the foam inhibitor, and the foam inhibitor known in the prior art can be applied to the lubricating oil of the invention as long as the effect of the castor oil modified polyester polyol is not influenced.
Known suds suppressors include, but are not limited to: one or more of polydimethylsiloxane, polyethylene glycol, branched polyvinyl ether, fluorosilicone and alkyl acrylate polymer.
The invention also provides a method for improving the stability of lubricating oil, which comprises the step of preparing the lubricating oil by using the castor oil modified polyester polyol. The invention proves the surprisingly ideal characteristics of the castor oil modified polyester polyol used as the lubricant through experiments, therefore, the castor oil modified polyester polyol can be used for the lubricant application and can show the effect beyond the expectation.
The invention also provides a plant-based biodegradable lubricating oil with good stability, which comprises the following components:
10-20% by weight of castor oil-modified polyester polyol;
30-70% by weight of rapeseed oil; and
1-3% by weight of a suds suppressor.
The lubricating oil of the invention is added with the castor oil modified polyester polyol, which has good thermal oxidation stability and hydrolytic stability, but the generation amount of bubbles is not acceptable, so that a foam inhibitor is required to be added.
The lubricating oil of the invention has high acceptance of the foam inhibitor, and the foam inhibitor known in the prior art can be applied to the lubricating oil of the invention as long as the effect of the castor oil modified polyester polyol is not influenced.
Known suds suppressors include, but are not limited to: one or more of polydimethylsiloxane, polyethylene glycol, branched polyvinyl ether, fluorosilicone and alkyl acrylate polymer.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the castor oil modified polyester polyol prepared by adding the specific raw materials into the vegetable oil obviously improves the oxidation stability and low-temperature fluidity of the vegetable-based lubricating oil.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
Unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.
EXAMPLE one preparation of Castor oil-modified polyester polyol (URIC-1)
Mixing castor oil, pentaerythritol and adipic acid according to the mass ratio of 1:1:3, placing the mixture into a four-neck flask provided with an electric stirrer, a reflux condenser tube and a thermometer, and adding tetrabutyl titanate with the total mass of 0.02%; introduction of N 2 Slowly raising the temperature to 180 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1 h; adding 7% of ethylene glycol relative to the mass fraction of the castor oil, and continuously heating to 220 ℃ for reaction for 3-5 hours; cooling to 160 deg.C when the acid value is reduced to 5mgKOH/g, reducing pressure for 1 hr, and vacuumizing to obtain the final product。
On the basis of the first embodiment, URIC-2-6 is prepared by changing part of parameters, and the specific parameters are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| Parameter(s) | Polyhydric alcohols | Dibasic acid | Ethylene glycol mass fraction | Reaction temperature |
| URIC-2 | Diethylene glycol + pentaerythritol | Adipic acid | 7％ | 220℃ |
| URIC-3 | Pentaerythritol + ethylene glycol | Adipic acid | 5％ | 220℃ |
| URIC-4 | Pentaerythritol + ethylene glycol | Adipic acid | 12％ | 220℃ |
| URIC-5 | Pentaerythritol + ethylene glycol | Adipic acid | 7％ | 200℃ |
| URIC-6 | Pentaerythritol + ethylene glycol | Azelaic acid | 7％ | 220℃ |
Example two, lubricating oil containing Castor oil-modified polyester polyol (mass fraction)
Note: PDMS is polydimethylsiloxane.
Performance testing
(1) Pour point: the test was carried out according to GB/T3535-2006 "pour point assay for Petroleum products".
(2) Viscosity index: the test was carried out according to GB/T1995-88 "calculation of viscosity index of Petroleum products".
(3) Oxidation stability: the detection is carried out according to the industry standard SH/T0193-2008 rotating oxygen bomb method for measuring the oxidation stability of lubricating oil. 50g of oil sample was weighed accurately, 5ml of distilled water was added, and copper wire was added as a catalyst. The tube containing the oil sample was placed in the bomb, oxygenated to 620kpa, and placed in a 140 ℃ oil bath at a 30 ° angle to the horizontal. The time for the oxygen pressure to drop to 175kpa during the experiment is the BPOST value of the sample, which represents the antioxidant properties of the oil sample.
(4) The diameter of the abrasion marks: the test was carried out according to ASTM D-2783 four-ball method for four-ball carrying capability of lubricating oil.
(5) Biodegradability: the test was performed according to CEC L-33-A-93.
TABLE 2
| Product(s) | Pour point/. degree.C | Viscosity index | Abrasive grain diameter/mm | Biodegradability/%) |
| Rapeseed oil | -19 | 220 | 0.56 | 98 |
| 1# | -35 | 231 | 0.53 | 98 |
| 2# | -16 | 125 | 0.68 | 98 |
| 3# | -20 | 198 | 0.54 | 95 |
| 4# | -21 | 184 | 0.60 | 95 |
| 5# | -23 | 226 | 0.56 | 98 |
| 6# | -18 | 180 | 0.70 | 96 |
| 7# | -28 | 212 | 0.60 | 98 |
From the above table, it can be seen that, after the castor oil modified polyester polyol prepared by pentaerythritol, adipic acid and ethylene glycol at a specific alcohol-acid ratio and temperature is added to the rapeseed oil, the low-temperature fluidity and the abrasion resistance of the lubricating oil are both obviously improved, and the biodegradation degree is equivalent to that of the rapeseed oil. However, the castor oil-modified polyester polyols obtained by changing the preparation raw materials or the reaction temperature, etc., do not exhibit the same characteristics, and even show a tendency of performance degradation.
TABLE 3
| Product(s) | Induction period (min) of rotating oxygen bomb |
| Rapeseed oil | 13 |
| 1# | 156 |
| 2# | 20 |
| 3# | 80 |
| 4# | 92 |
| 5# | 94 |
| 6# | 25 |
| 7# | 116 |
As can be seen from Table 3, after the castor oil modified polyester polyol prepared from pentaerythritol, adipic acid and ethylene glycol at a specific raw material and temperature is added into the rapeseed oil, the rotating oxygen bomb induction period of the lubricating oil is obviously prolonged, and the oxidation stability is improved.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Use of a castor oil-modified polyester polyol as a lubricant, characterized in that the castor oil-modified polyester polyol is prepared by the steps of:
mixing castor oil, pentaerythritol and adipic acid, and adding tetrabutyl titanate with the total mass of 0.01-0.05%; introduction of N 2 Slowly raising the temperature to 160-200 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1-2 hours; adding ethylene glycol, continuously heating to 200-230 ℃, and reacting for 3-5 h; and when the acid value is reduced to 2-5 mgKOH/g, reducing the temperature to 160-180 ℃, decompressing for 0.5-1 h, and vacuumizing to obtain the catalyst.
2. The use of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the castor oil, the pentaerythritol and the adipic acid is 1: 0.5-1.5: 1-3.
3. The use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass fraction of the ethylene glycol relative to the castor oil in the preparation process is 5-10%.
4. A lubricating oil having good stability, characterized by comprising:
a)1 to 99% by weight of a castor oil-modified polyester polyol according to any one of claims 1 to 3;
b) 1-99% by weight of a base stock; and
c)0.1 to 20% by weight of one or more additives.
5. The lubricating oil of claim 4, wherein the base stock is a vegetable oil.
6. The lubricating oil of claim 5, wherein the vegetable oil is selected from one or more of rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, olive oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, and soybean oil.
7. The lubricating oil of claim 6, wherein the vegetable oil is rapeseed oil.
8. The lubricating oil of claim 4, wherein the additive is selected from one or more of dispersants, detergents, antiwear agents, antioxidants, viscosity modifiers, and suds suppressors.
9. A method for improving the stability of a lubricating oil, which comprises using the castor oil-modified polyester polyol according to any one of claims 1 to 3 to prepare the lubricating oil.
10. A plant-based biodegradable lubricating oil with good stability, characterized by comprising:
10 to 30% by weight of a castor oil-modified polyester polyol according to any one of claims 1 to 3;
30-70% by weight of rapeseed oil; and
1-3% by weight of a suds suppressor.
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