CN114854455A - Novel process for directional preparation of biomass synthesis gas and coupled co-production of blast furnace smelting - Google Patents
Novel process for directional preparation of biomass synthesis gas and coupled co-production of blast furnace smelting Download PDFInfo
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- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
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- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
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Abstract
The invention provides a new process for directional preparation of biomass synthesis gas and blast furnace smelting coupled co-production, wherein a biomass synthesis gas preparation unit is combined with a blast furnace, and the prepared biomass synthesis gas is directly blown into the blast furnace instead of coal powder; meanwhile, the top gas generated by blast furnace smelting and the water vapor converted by the sensible heat of the molten slag are circularly applied to a biomass synthesis gas preparation unit and used as a gasifying agent for preparing synthesis gas; and according to the energy-quality balance model of blast furnace smelting, calculating the theoretically optimal H of blast furnace injection 2 The volume ratio of the biomass synthetic gas to the CO is adjusted, so that the process parameters and the corresponding injection amount of the biomass synthetic gas preparation unit are adjusted, the biomass synthetic gas more suitable for blast furnace injection is prepared, and the energy-quality coupling of the biomass synthetic gas and the blast furnace is realized. According to the invention, the preparation of the biomass synthesis gas is coupled with the blast furnace smelting, so that the energy loss is reduced, the production cost of the biomass synthesis gas and the blast furnace is reduced, the lowest energy consumption and carbon emission of the blast furnace smelting are realized, and the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blast furnace smelting, in particular to a novel process for coupling and coproducing biomass synthesis gas and blast furnace smelting.
Background
Blast furnace-converter is the most important steel production process in the long period of time in China currently and in the future, and as the steel industry based on carbon metallurgy, blast furnace ironmaking accounts for 70 percent of energy consumption and carbon emission of the steel industryAnd on the left and right, the main battlefield for energy conservation and emission reduction is formed. In the blast furnace injection process, a large amount of coal dust is consumed to reduce the coke ratio, thereby reducing coking pollution and improving the economic benefit of iron and steel enterprises. H produced in coal powder combustion process 2 The reduction capability and the penetration diffusion capability of the coal gas can be improved, the reduction of iron ore is facilitated, and the air permeability and the operation index of the furnace charge are improved. But the reserve of high-quality coal resources in China is less than 8 percent, and the pulverized coal injected into the blast furnace essentially consumes non-renewable fossil energy. Hydrogen metallurgy with "coal replaced by hydrogen" is currently proposed, utilizing H 2 The iron making is carried out by taking the substituted carbon as a reducing agent and an energy source, and the reduction product is water, so that the zero carbon emission of blast furnace iron making can be realized. However, due to the complexity of the internal smelting of the blast furnace, a certain proportion of CO and H is required to satisfy the kinetic and thermodynamic conditions for iron ore reduction 2 And carrying out mixed injection to realize the maximization of the smelting efficiency of the blast furnace.
Biomass is the fourth largest resource second only to coal, oil and natural gas, but the current biomass resource utilization is low. The traditional biomass gasification technology has the following main problems in the process of practical industrial application: (1) the biomass ash has low melting point and high content of alkali metal elements, and is easy to coke and generate high-temperature alkali metal element corrosion by direct combustion; (2) the gasification equipment has higher requirements on raw materials and low gasification efficiency; (3) the tar content in the fuel gas is high, and the quality and the heat value of the synthesis gas are not high. Because the biomass synthesis gas has the advantages of cleanness and environmental protection, and simultaneously utilizes H 2 And CO is injected to increase the amount of the reduced coal gas in the furnace, promote the development of indirect reduction, reduce the coke ratio, create conditions for high oxygen enrichment and high air temperature, and also reduce energy consumption and carbon emission to the maximum extent. Therefore, reducing the tar content of the synthesis gas and improving the gasification efficiency are the main research directions for utilizing the biomass gasification technology in the future; the method has the advantages that the biomass synthesis gas meeting the blast furnace smelting requirement is prepared in an oriented mode, the energy-quality coupling of the biomass synthesis gas and the blast furnace is realized, and the key point of applying the biomass to the blast furnace process is realized.
In view of the above, there is a need to design a new improved biomass synthesis gas directional preparation and blast furnace smelting coupled co-production process to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel process for coupling and coproducing directional preparation of biomass synthesis gas and blast furnace smelting, wherein the prepared biomass synthesis gas is directly sprayed into a blast furnace instead of coal powder for blast furnace smelting by combining a biomass synthesis gas preparation unit with the blast furnace; the sensible heat of the molten slag and the top gas generated in the smelting process of the blast furnace are circularly applied to the preparation process of the biomass synthesis gas, so that the energy-quality coupling of the biomass synthesis gas and the blast furnace is realized; the method can reduce the production cost of the biomass synthesis gas and the blast furnace, reduce the heat loss and realize the lowest energy consumption under the smelting condition.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a new process for the directional preparation of biomass synthesis gas and the coupled co-production of blast furnace smelting, which realizes the energy-quality coupling of the biomass synthesis gas and the blast furnace according to an energy-quality balance model of the blast furnace smelting; the method comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a coupling system for directional preparation and blast furnace smelting of the biomass synthesis gas, wherein the coupling system comprises a biomass synthesis gas preparation unit, a synthesis gas conveying unit and a blast furnace which are sequentially communicated; the synthetic gas conveying unit is communicated with a blowing system of the blast furnace and is used for directly conveying the prepared biomass synthetic gas to the blast furnace for blowing; the top gas outlet of the blast furnace is communicated with the gasifying agent inlet of the biomass synthetic gas preparation unit and is used for recycling the top gas generated by smelting the blast furnace as the gasifying agent prepared from the biomass synthetic gas;
s2, establishing an energy and mass balance model for blast furnace smelting, and calculating the optimal H of blast furnace injection 2 The volume ratio of/CO, determining index parameters of the injected biomass synthesis gas and corresponding injection amount according to the volume ratio, and then determining top coal gas parameters of the blast furnace under the current production condition; the index parameters of the biomass synthesis gas comprise H in the biomass synthesis gas 2 And the volume ratio of CO; the top gas parameter comprises CO 2 Water vapor, CO and H 2 The content of each component (c);
s3, adjusting according to the index parameters of the biomass synthetic gas of the step S2Preparing the technological parameters of the biomass synthesis gas preparation unit, gasifying the biomass raw material at high temperature to prepare biomass synthesis gas suitable for blast furnace injection, and performing blast furnace injection according to the corresponding injection amount; meanwhile, furnace top gas generated by blast furnace smelting is directly conveyed to the biomass synthesis gas preparation unit for recycling, and technological parameters of the biomass synthesis gas preparation unit are regulated and controlled according to the parameters of the furnace top gas, so that index parameters of the prepared biomass synthesis gas meet the optimal H of blast furnace injection 2 Volume ratio of/CO.
As a further improvement of the invention, the optimum H for blast furnace injection is 2 The volume ratio of/CO is (0.1-1): 1.
As a further improvement of the invention, the optimum H for blast furnace injection is 2 The volume ratio of/CO is calculated by combining the energy-mass balance model with the energy consumption value, the carbon emission and the theoretical combustion temperature; the carbon emission is lower than 1200kg/t, and the energy consumption value is lower than 380 kgce/t; the theoretical combustion temperature is not lower than 2100 ℃; the energy-mass balance model is as follows: and establishing a circulation evolution path model of the ferrite flow and the carbon flow by combining blast furnace raw material components, preset pig iron components and blast parameters, and establishing an energy-quality balance model according to heat income and heat expenditure.
As a further improvement of the invention, a water cooling device is also arranged at the slag outlet of the blast furnace, and a heat exchange unit is arranged between the water cooling device and the biomass synthesis gas preparation unit; the heat exchange unit converts sensible heat of blast furnace slag into steam and conveys the steam to a gasifying agent inlet of the biomass synthetic gas preparation unit for recycling.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S2, the index parameter of the biomass syngas further includes H in the biomass syngas 2 And the total content of CO; in step S3, the process parameters of the biomass syngas production unit include: the biomass gasification catalyst comprises the components of biomass raw materials, the gasification temperature of biomass, the solid-phase retention time in the biomass gasification process, the components and the content of a gasification agent and the catalyst for biomass gasification.
As a further improvement of the invention, the gasification temperature is 1000-1500 ℃; the solid phase retention time is 1-3 min; the components of the gasifying agent comprise water vapor, carbon dioxide and furnace top coal gas, and the mass ratio of the water vapor to the biomass raw material is 0.5-2.5.
As a further improvement of the invention, the biomass raw material is original ecological biomass or pretreated biomass; the pretreated biomass is biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder obtained by gas phase pressure swing flash evaporation.
As a further improvement of the invention, the oxygen content of the biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder is less than 25 wt%, the hydrogen content is 5 wt% -12 wt%, and the carbon content is 62 wt% -68 wt%; according to H in the biomass synthesis gas 2 And the volume ratio of CO, determining the optimal element ratio of the biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder, and determining corresponding preparation process parameters of the biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the vapor pressure swing flash evaporation specifically comprises: reducing the particle size and the moisture content of the biomass, sequentially placing the biomass in at least two serially connected subcritical gas phase reactors, and carrying out step-by-step pressure reduction flash evaporation to dehydrate, deoxidize, extract hydrogen and extract carbon from the biomass to obtain the biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder.
As a further improvement of the invention, the gas-phase medium used in the subcritical gas-phase reactor comprises water vapor and top gas, wherein the water vapor comprises water vapor obtained by sensible heat conversion of blast furnace slag, and the top gas is generated by blast furnace smelting and is circularly supplied; in the serially connected subcritical gas phase reactors, the temperature of the first subcritical gas phase reactor is 220-300 ℃, the pressure is 2.0-3.0 MPa, and the treatment time is 15-40 min; the temperature of the second subcritical gas phase reactor is 120-160 ℃, the pressure is 1.0-1.6 MPa, and the treatment time is 5-60 min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the novel process for coupling and coproducing the directional preparation of the biomass synthesis gas and the blast furnace smelting, the biomass synthesis gas preparation unit is combined with the blast furnace, and the prepared biomass synthesis gas replaces pulverized coal to directly perform blast furnace injection and is used for blast furnace smelting; meanwhile, sensible heat of molten slag generated in the smelting process of the blast furnace is converted into steam through the heat exchange unit, and the steam and the collected furnace top gas are conveyed to the biomass synthesis gas preparation unit to be recycled as a gasifying agent for preparing the biomass synthesis gas, so that the energy-mass coupling of the biomass synthesis gas and the blast furnace is realized. According to the invention, the biomass synthesis gas preparation process and the blast furnace smelting process are combined, and the biomass synthesis gas, the sensible heat of the blast furnace slag and the furnace top gas are recycled, so that the transportation cost is reduced, the heat loss is reduced, and the production cost of the biomass synthesis gas preparation and the blast furnace is further reduced; and the biomass synthesis gas is injected into the furnace instead of coal powder, so that the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction in blast furnace smelting are achieved on the premise of maintaining the energy-quality balance of the blast furnace smelting.
2. The invention relates to a novel process for coupling directional preparation of biomass synthesis gas and blast furnace smelting and coproducing, which is characterized in that the theoretical optimal H injected by a blast furnace is calculated by combining an energy consumption value and carbon emission according to an energy-quality balance model of blast furnace smelting 2 The volume ratio of the biomass synthetic gas to the CO is adjusted, and the injection amount of the biomass synthetic gas and the technological parameters of a biomass synthetic gas preparation unit are adjusted according to the volume ratio, so that the biomass synthetic gas which is more suitable for blast furnace injection is prepared and is injected in the blast furnace; and reversely regulating and controlling the technological parameters of the biomass synthesis gas preparation unit according to the parameters of the top gas generated by blast furnace smelting, so that the index parameters of the prepared biomass synthesis gas conform to the optimal H of blast furnace injection 2 Volume ratio of/CO. Through the process, the biomass synthesis gas and the blast furnace smelting are coupled in an energy-quality mode, and meanwhile, the lowest energy consumption and carbon emission under the blast furnace smelting condition are achieved.
3. According to the invention, the biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder is preferably used as a raw material for preparing the biomass synthesis gas, and the biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder is subjected to gas phase pressure swing flash evaporation process to convert the structure and components of the biomass, perform deoxidation and hydrogen extraction for carbon extraction, and obtain the biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder with improved heat value and reduced alkali metal elements; the prepared biomass synthesis gas is more suitable for blast furnace blowing. The biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder reduces the addition amount of an additional gasifying agent in the process of preparing the biomass synthesis gas, simplifies the gas preparation process, and saves time and production cost; and the low carbon content of the biomass synthetic gas ensures that the prepared biomass synthetic gas has high quality, low tar content and clean energy, and can reduce the production cost and carbon emission of the blast furnace by replacing pulverized coal for blast furnace injection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a novel process for directional preparation of biomass synthesis gas and coupled co-production of blast furnace smelting.
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a novel process of directional preparation of biomass synthesis gas and blast furnace smelting coupled co-production in embodiment 1 of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the structures and/or processing steps closely related to the aspects of the present invention are shown in the drawings, and other details not closely related to the present invention are omitted.
In addition, it is also to be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Referring to fig. 1, a new process for directional preparation of biomass syngas and coupled co-production of blast furnace smelting realizes energy-quality coupling of biomass syngas and blast furnace according to an energy-quality balance model of blast furnace smelting; the method comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a coupling system for directional preparation and blast furnace smelting of the biomass synthesis gas, wherein the coupling system comprises a biomass synthesis gas preparation unit, a synthesis gas conveying unit and a blast furnace which are sequentially communicated; the synthetic gas conveying unit is communicated with a blowing system of the blast furnace and is used for directly conveying the prepared biomass synthetic gas to the blast furnace for blast furnace blowing; the top gas outlet of the blast furnace is communicated with the gasifying agent inlet of the biomass synthesis gas preparation unit and is used for recycling the top gas generated by smelting the blast furnace as the gasifying agent prepared from the biomass synthesis gas;
s2, establishing an energy and mass balance model for blast furnace smelting, and calculating the optimal H for blast furnace injection 2 The volume ratio of/CO, determining index parameters of the injected biomass synthesis gas and corresponding injection amount according to the volume ratio, and then determining furnace top gas parameters of the blast furnace under the current production condition; the index parameters of the biomass synthesis gas comprise H in the biomass synthesis gas 2 And the volume ratio of CO; the top gas parameters include CO 2 Water vapor, CO and H 2 The content of each component of (a); optimum H of blast furnace injection 2 The volume ratio of the carbon monoxide to the CO is (0.1-1): 1;
wherein the optimum H of blast furnace injection 2 The volume ratio of the/CO is calculated by combining an energy-mass balance model with an energy consumption value, carbon emission and theoretical combustion temperature; the carbon emission is less than 1200kg/t, and the energy consumption value is less than 380 kgce/t; the theoretical combustion temperature is not lower than 2100 ℃; the energy-mass balance model is as follows: establishing a circulation evolution path model of the ferrite flow and the carbon flow by combining blast furnace raw material components, preset pig iron components and blast parameters, and establishing an energy-quality balance model according to heat income and heat expenditure;
s3, adjusting the process parameters of the biomass synthesis gas preparation unit according to the index parameters of the biomass synthesis gas in the step S2, gasifying the biomass raw material at high temperature to prepare biomass synthesis gas suitable for blast furnace injection, and performing blast furnace injection according to the corresponding injection amount; meanwhile, the furnace top gas generated by blast furnace smelting is directly conveyed to the biomass synthesis gas preparation unit for recycling, and the technological parameters of the biomass synthesis gas preparation unit are regulated and controlled according to the parameters of the furnace top gas, so that the index parameters of the prepared biomass synthesis gas meet the optimal H injected by the blast furnace 2 Volume ratio of/CO. Through the process, the biomass synthesis gas and the blast furnace smelting are coupled in an energy-quality mode, and meanwhile, the lowest energy consumption and carbon emission under the blast furnace smelting condition are achieved.
Particularly, a water cooling device is arranged at a slag outlet of the blast furnace, and a heat exchange unit is arranged between the water cooling device and the biomass synthesis gas preparation unit; the heat exchange unit converts sensible heat of blast furnace slag into steam and conveys the steam to a gasifying agent inlet of the biomass synthesis gas preparation unit for recycling. According to the invention, the preparation process of the biomass synthesis gas and the blast furnace smelting process are combined, the sensible heat of the molten slag of the blast furnace is converted into water vapor, and the furnace top gas is recycled as a gasifying agent in the preparation process of the biomass synthesis gas, so that the transportation cost and the heat loss are reduced, the energy waste of the blast furnace is reduced, and the production cost of the biomass synthesis gas and the production cost of the blast furnace are further reduced.
Specifically, in step S2, the index parameter of the biomass syngas further includes H in the biomass syngas 2 And the total content of CO; in step S3, the process parameters of the biomass syngas production unit include: the biomass gasification catalyst comprises the components of biomass raw materials, the gasification temperature of biomass, the solid-phase retention time in the biomass gasification process, the components and the content of a gasification agent and the catalyst for biomass gasification. Increasing H of produced biomass synthesis gas 2 When the volume ratio of the/CO is higher than the preset value, the adjustment mode of the technological parameters for preparing the biomass synthesis gas is as follows:
(1) the gasification temperature is increased, the secondary cracking of tar can be intensified by increasing the temperature, small molecule gas and light alkane are generated, the gas yield is further increased, and H in the synthesis gas is increased 2 The specific gravity of/CO, but if the temperature is too high, the influence effect is weakened, so the gasification temperature is limited to 1000-1500 ℃;
(2) the solid phase retention time in the biomass gasification process is prolonged, the heat transfer and mass transfer effects of the biomass raw materials in the furnace can be improved along with the increase of the solid phase retention time of the gasification, the gasification reaction is facilitated, and the yield and the H content of the synthesis gas are increased 2 And the CO concentration; h in synthesis gas 2 the/CO ratio also increases because the water vapor shift reaction consumes a portion of the CO and produces more H 2 (ii) a But as the time is continuously prolonged, the influence effect is weakened, so that the solid phase retention time is 1-3 min;
(3) adjusting the components of the gasifying agent, adding water vapor on the basis of water vapor obtained by sensible heat of furnace top gas and blast furnace slag, wherein the addition of the water vapor can greatly improve H content in the biomass synthesis gas 2 And the content of the synthesis gas component, effectively adjusting H 2 of/COThe mass ratio of the water vapor to the biomass raw material is 0.5-2.5;
(4) the catalyst is added to catalyze the cracking of tar in the blast furnace gasification furnace, so that the yield, the quality and the heat value of the biomass synthesis gas are improved. The catalyst is a natural oxygen carrier which comprises natural ore and dolomite.
In a specific embodiment, the gasifying agent can also be added with CO 2 For increasing the calorific value of the biomass synthesis gas; CO 2 2 Can be sourced from top gas of blast furnace or added with CO 2 Gas, but CO 2 While reducing the H content of the biomass synthesis gas 2 The ratio of/CO, so that CO needs to be controlled 2 The mass ratio of the blowing amount to the biomass raw material is 0.2-0.6.
In particular, the biomass feedstock is raw ecological biomass or pretreated biomass; the pretreated biomass is biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder obtained by gas phase pressure swing flash evaporation. The oxygen content of the biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder is less than 25 wt%, the hydrogen content is 5 wt% -12 wt%, and the carbon content is 62 wt% -68 wt%; according to H in biomass synthesis gas 2 And the volume ratio of CO, determining the optimal element ratio of the biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder, and determining corresponding preparation process parameters of the biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder.
In specific embodiments, the vapor pressure swing flash is specifically: the particle size and the moisture content of the biomass are reduced, and the biomass is sequentially placed in at least two subcritical gas phase reactors connected in series for step-by-step pressure reduction flash evaporation, so that the biomass is dehydrated, deoxidized, hydrogen extracted and carbon extracted, and the biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder is obtained. The gas-phase medium used in the subcritical gas-phase reactor comprises water vapor and top gas, the water vapor comprises water vapor obtained by the sensible heat conversion of blast furnace slag, and the top gas is generated by blast furnace smelting and is supplied circularly; in the series subcritical gas phase reactors, the temperature of the first subcritical gas phase reactor is 220-300 ℃, the pressure is 2.0-3.0 MPa, and the treatment time is 15-40 min; the temperature of the second subcritical gas phase reactor is 120-160 ℃, the pressure is 1.0-1.6 MPa, and the treatment time is 5-60 min.
The gas phase pressure swing flash process converts the structure and components of the biomass, and performs deoxidation, hydrogen extraction and carbon extraction to obtain biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder with improved heat value and reduced alkali metal elements; the prepared biomass synthesis gas is more suitable for blast furnace injection. The biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder reduces the addition amount of an additional gasifying agent in the process of preparing the biomass synthesis gas, simplifies the gas preparation process, and saves time and production cost; and the low carbon content of the biomass synthetic gas ensures that the prepared biomass synthetic gas has high quality, low tar content and clean energy, and can reduce the production cost and carbon emission of the blast furnace by replacing pulverized coal for blast furnace injection.
The specific preparation process of the biomass synthesis gas comprises the following steps: the pretreated biomass raw material is descended from the top of a gasification furnace, a gasification agent mainly comprising top gas of a blast furnace and steam for sensible heat conversion of molten slag is injected from a gasification agent inlet, and the biomass raw material is preheated, pyrolyzed and gasified to generate raw synthesis gas for high-temperature purification in a plasma high-temperature reforming region; the obtained liquid biomass ash slag is discharged from a slag hole, the high-temperature hot synthesis gas and the downward raw material are subjected to countercurrent contact heat exchange from bottom to top, so that furnace burden is completely preheated, and part of tar can be carried by the biomass raw material in the rising process to enter a high-temperature area for secondary decomposition to generate high-quality biomass synthesis gas; the biomass synthesis gas enters a purification treatment system through a gas conveying device at the top of the furnace, is purified and then is conveyed to the blast furnace for injection.
In a specific embodiment, the purification treatment system is sequentially communicated with a spray tower and a condenser and is used for removing dust and part of tar in the biomass synthesis gas, and then directly conveying the biomass synthesis gas to a blast furnace for injection.
In practical application, the biomass raw material is not limited to woody biomass and herbal biomass, but also includes biomass such as livestock and poultry manure, domestic sewage, industrial organic wastewater, municipal solid organic waste and the like.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a new process for directional preparation of biomass syngas and coupled co-production of blast furnace smelting, which comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a coupling system for directional preparation and blast furnace smelting of the biomass synthesis gas, wherein the coupling system comprises a biomass synthesis gas preparation unit, a synthesis gas conveying unit and a blast furnace which are sequentially communicated; the synthetic gas conveying unit is communicated with a blowing system of the blast furnace; the top gas outlet of the blast furnace is communicated with the gasifying agent inlet of the biomass synthesis gas preparation unit;
s2, establishing a circulation evolution path model of the ferrite flow and the carbon flow by combining blast furnace raw material components, preset pig iron components and blast parameters, and establishing an energy-mass balance model according to heat income and heat expenditure;
the optimal H of blast furnace injection is calculated by taking the lowest energy consumption, the lowest carbon emission and the reasonable theoretical combustion temperature as the optimization conditions 2 The volume ratio of the/CO is 3:7, and the required biomass synthesis gas H is determined according to the volume ratio 2 Volume ratio of CO to CO 3:7 and corresponding injection quantity 1100m 3 T, then determining the top gas parameter of the blast furnace under the current production condition, namely CO in the top gas 2 Water vapor, CO and H 2 The content of each component of (a);
s3, carrying out gas phase pressure swing flash evaporation on the biomass to obtain biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder (the content of C, H, O elements is 65 wt%, 10 wt% and 20 wt% respectively), preheating, pyrolyzing, gasifying and purifying in a gasification furnace, and directly conveying the obtained biomass synthesis gas to a blast furnace for injection; furnace top gas (CO) collected in blast furnace smelting process 2 Water vapor, CO and H 2 The contents of the raw materials are respectively 25.3%, 11.4%, 46.7% and 16.1%), the raw materials are conveyed into a gasification furnace, hot water steam generated after water cooling of blast furnace slag is also conveyed into the gasification furnace, and the flow rates of the hot water steam and the hot water steam are controlled to be used as gasification agents for preparing biomass synthesis gas; adjusting the technological parameters of the biomass synthesis gas preparation unit according to the parameters of the furnace top gas and the steam amount provided by the sensible heat of the molten slag: the gasification temperature is 1200 deg.C, the solid phase retention time is 3min, and the injection amount of the synthesis gas is 1100m 3 T; the index parameters of the prepared biomass synthesis gas meet the optimal H of blast furnace injection 2 The volume ratio of/CO, and continuously carrying out blast furnace injection; under the working condition, compared with the traditional blast furnace coal gas injection, the energy consumption of blast furnace smelting production is reduced by 11%, and the carbon emission is reduced by 13%.
The preparation method of the biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder comprises the following steps: reducing the particle size and the moisture content of biomass, and sequentially placing the biomass in two serially connected subcritical gas phase reactors for step-by-step pressure reduction flash evaporation, wherein the temperature of the first subcritical gas phase reactor is 250 ℃, the pressure is 2.5MPa, and the processing time is 30 min; the temperature of the second subcritical gas phase reactor is 150 ℃, the pressure is 1.3MPa, and the treatment time is 20 min; the gas-phase medium is water vapor and furnace top gas; the biomass is dehydrated, deoxidized and hydrogen and carbon extracted to obtain the biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a new process for coupling directional preparation of biomass synthesis gas and blast furnace smelting and coproduction, and compared with embodiment 1, the difference is that the raw material for preparing the biomass synthesis gas is common biomass (the content of C, H, O element is 47 wt%, 6 wt% and 35 wt% respectively); the rest is substantially the same as that of embodiment 1, and the description thereof is omitted.
Example 2 Components CO of Top gas collected in the blast furnace smelting Process 2 Water vapor, CO and H 2 The contents of the raw materials are respectively 25.0%, 12.1%, 46.2% and 16.2%, and after hot water steam generated after water cooling of blast furnace gas and slag is conveyed to a gasification furnace, technological parameters of a biomass synthesis gas preparation unit are adjusted: the gasification temperature is 1200 ℃, the solid phase retention time is 3min, water vapor is required to be added, and the mass ratio of the total water vapor to the biomass raw material is kept at 0.8 after the water vapor is added; the blowing amount of the synthesis gas is 1000m 3 T; the index parameters of the biomass synthesis gas prepared in the way meet the optimal H of blast furnace injection 2 Volume ratio of/CO. Under the working condition, compared with the traditional blast furnace coal gas injection, the energy consumption of blast furnace smelting production is reduced by 10%, and the carbon emission is reduced by 11%.
As can be seen from the examples 1 and 2, in the example 1, the biomass synthesis gas is prepared by using the biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder, and the gasifying agent is supplied by hot water steam generated after the water cooling of the top gas and the blast furnace slag, namely the optimal H for blast furnace injection can be met 2 Volume ratio of/CO; in the embodiment 2, the common biomass is used as the raw material, and the energy consumption of water vapor is required to be added, so that the benefits of emission reduction and consumption reduction are reduced compared with those of the embodiment 1.
In conclusion, the invention provides a new process for the directional preparation of biomass synthesis gas and the coupled co-production of blast furnace smelting, the biomass synthesis gas is combined with the blast furnace through a synthesis gas conveying unit, the synthesis gas conveying unit is communicated with an injection system of the blast furnace, and a top gas outlet of the blast furnace is communicated with a gasifying agent inlet of a biomass synthesis gas preparation unit; the biomass synthesis gas prepared by the biomass synthesis gas preparation unit replaces coal powder to be directly sprayed and blown into the blast furnace for blast furnace smelting, the furnace top gas collected in the blast furnace smelting process and hot steam generated by slag sensible heat conversion are conveyed into the biomass synthesis gas preparation unit and used as a gasifying agent for preparing the biomass synthesis gas, and the energy-quality coupling of the biomass synthesis gas and the blast furnace is realized. In the application process, the optimal H of blast furnace injection theoretically is calculated according to the energy-quality balance model of blast furnace smelting 2 The volume ratio of the/CO is adjusted, and the process parameters and the corresponding injection amount of the biomass synthetic gas preparation unit are adjusted according to the volume ratio, so that the biomass synthetic gas which is more suitable for blast furnace injection is prepared. According to the invention, the preparation of the biomass synthesis gas and the blast furnace smelting process are combined, and the sensible heat of the biomass synthesis gas, the furnace top gas of the blast furnace and the slag is recycled, so that the transportation cost is reduced, the energy loss is reduced, and the production cost of the preparation of the biomass synthesis gas and the production cost of the blast furnace are further reduced; the biomass synthesis gas is blown into the blast furnace instead of pulverized coal injection, so that the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction in blast furnace smelting are achieved on the premise of maintaining the energy-quality balance of blast furnace smelting; the process realizes energy-quality coupling between biomass synthesis gas preparation and blast furnace smelting, and simultaneously realizes minimum energy consumption and carbon emission under the condition of blast furnace smelting.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A new process for the directional preparation of biomass synthesis gas and the coupled co-production of blast furnace smelting is characterized in that the energy-quality coupling of the biomass synthesis gas and a blast furnace is realized according to an energy-quality balance model of the blast furnace smelting; the method comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a coupling system for directional preparation and blast furnace smelting of the biomass synthesis gas, wherein the coupling system comprises a biomass synthesis gas preparation unit, a synthesis gas conveying unit and a blast furnace which are sequentially communicated; the synthetic gas conveying unit is communicated with a blowing system of the blast furnace and is used for directly conveying the prepared biomass synthetic gas to the blast furnace for blowing; the top gas outlet of the blast furnace is communicated with the gasifying agent inlet of the biomass synthetic gas preparation unit and is used for recycling the top gas generated by smelting the blast furnace as the gasifying agent prepared from the biomass synthetic gas;
s2, establishing an energy and mass balance model for blast furnace smelting, and calculating the optimal H of blast furnace injection 2 The volume ratio of/CO, determining index parameters of the injected biomass synthesis gas and corresponding injection amount according to the volume ratio, and then determining top coal gas parameters of the blast furnace under the current production condition; the index parameters of the biomass synthesis gas comprise H in the biomass synthesis gas 2 And the volume ratio of CO; the top gas parameters comprise CO 2 Water vapor, CO and H 2 The content of each component of (a);
s3, adjusting the process parameters of the biomass synthesis gas preparation unit according to the index parameters of the biomass synthesis gas in the step S2, gasifying the biomass raw material at high temperature to prepare biomass synthesis gas suitable for blast furnace injection, and performing blast furnace injection according to the corresponding injection amount; meanwhile, the furnace top gas generated by blast furnace smelting is directly conveyed to the biomass synthetic gas preparation unit for recycling, and the technological parameters of the biomass synthetic gas preparation unit are regulated and controlled according to the parameters of the furnace top gas, so that the index parameters of the prepared biomass synthetic gas meet the optimal H of blast furnace injection 2 Volume ratio of/CO.
2. The new biomass synthesis gas directional preparation and blast furnace smelting coupled co-production process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optimum H of blast furnace injection is 2 Volume ratio of/COThe range is (0.1-1) 1.
3. The new biomass synthesis gas directional preparation and blast furnace smelting coupled co-production process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optimum H of blast furnace injection is 2 The volume ratio of/CO is calculated by combining the energy-mass balance model with the energy consumption value, the carbon emission and the theoretical combustion temperature; the carbon emission is lower than 1200kg/t, and the energy consumption value is lower than 380 kgce/t; the theoretical combustion temperature is not lower than 2100 ℃; the energy-mass balance model is as follows: and establishing a circulation evolution path model of the ferrite flow and the carbon flow by combining blast furnace raw material components, preset pig iron components and blast parameters, and establishing an energy-quality balance model according to heat income and heat expenditure.
4. The new process for the directional preparation of the biomass synthesis gas and the coupled co-production of the blast furnace smelting as claimed in claim 1, wherein a water cooling device is further arranged at the slag outlet of the blast furnace, and a heat exchange unit is arranged between the water cooling device and the biomass synthesis gas preparation unit; the heat exchange unit converts sensible heat of blast furnace slag into steam and conveys the steam to a gasifying agent inlet of the biomass synthetic gas preparation unit for recycling.
5. The new biomass synthesis gas directional preparation and blast furnace smelting coupled co-production process as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the index parameters of the biomass synthesis gas further include H in the biomass synthesis gas 2 And the total content of CO; in step S3, the process parameters of the biomass syngas production unit include: the biomass gasification catalyst comprises the components of biomass raw materials, the gasification temperature of biomass, the solid-phase retention time in the biomass gasification process, the components and the content of a gasification agent and the catalyst for biomass gasification.
6. The novel biomass synthesis gas directional preparation and blast furnace smelting coupled co-production process as claimed in claim 5, wherein the gasification temperature is 1000-1500 ℃; the solid phase retention time is 1-3 min; the components of the gasifying agent comprise water vapor, carbon dioxide and furnace top coal gas, and the mass ratio of the water vapor to the biomass raw material is 0.5-2.5.
7. The new process for the directional preparation of biomass synthesis gas and the coupled co-production of blast furnace smelting according to claim 1, wherein the biomass raw material is original ecological biomass or pretreated biomass; the pretreated biomass is biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder obtained by gas phase pressure swing flash evaporation.
8. The novel biomass synthesis gas directional preparation and blast furnace smelting coupled co-production process as claimed in claim 7, wherein the oxygen content of the biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder is less than 25 wt%, the hydrogen content is 5 wt% -12 wt%, and the carbon content is 62 wt% -68 wt%; according to H in the biomass synthesis gas 2 And the volume ratio of CO, determining the optimal element ratio of the biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder, and determining corresponding preparation process parameters of the biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder.
9. The new biomass synthesis gas directional preparation and blast furnace smelting coupled co-production process as claimed in claim 7, wherein the gas phase pressure swing flash evaporation specifically comprises: reducing the particle size and the moisture content of the biomass, sequentially placing the biomass in at least two serially connected subcritical gas phase reactors, and carrying out step-by-step pressure reduction flash evaporation to dehydrate, deoxidize, extract hydrogen and extract carbon from the biomass to obtain the biomass hydrogen-rich micro powder.
10. The new biomass synthesis gas directional preparation and blast furnace smelting coupled co-production process as claimed in claim 9, wherein the gas phase medium used in the subcritical gas phase reactor comprises water vapor and top gas, the water vapor comprises water vapor obtained by sensible heat conversion of blast furnace slag, and the top gas is generated by blast furnace smelting and supplied circularly; in the serially connected subcritical gas phase reactors, the temperature of the first subcritical gas phase reactor is 220-300 ℃, the pressure is 2.0-3.0 MPa, and the treatment time is 15-40 min; the temperature of the second subcritical gas phase reactor is 120-160 ℃, the pressure is 1.0-1.6 MPa, and the treatment time is 5-60 min.
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