CN114853931A - Preparation method of temperature-sensitive intelligent window with response temperature adjusted through Hofmeis special effect - Google Patents
Preparation method of temperature-sensitive intelligent window with response temperature adjusted through Hofmeis special effect Download PDFInfo
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- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propan-2-ylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)NC(=O)C=C QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920001482 poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]I(=O)=O JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001230 potassium iodate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006666 potassium iodate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940093930 potassium iodate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011837 N,N-methylenebisacrylamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000699700 Ondatra zibethicus Species 0.000 description 4
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004984 smart glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002042 Silver nanowire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F120/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F120/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F120/52—Amides or imides
- C08F120/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/52—Amides or imides
- C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/54—Fixing of glass panes or like plates
- E06B3/58—Fixing of glass panes or like plates by means of borders, cleats, or the like
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a temperature-sensitive intelligent window with response temperature adjusted through Hourmes' special effect, belonging to the field of photoelectric functional materials and devices. The PNIPAM-based copolymer is prepared by carrying out free radical polymerization on N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and a hydrophilic structural unit in an aqueous solution, then the PNIPAM-based copolymer is dissolved in salt solutions with different concentrations and Hofmeis special effects after precipitation/dialysis purification and drying, and the PNIPAM-based copolymer and two pieces of transparent glass are clamped to assemble the temperature-sensitive intelligent window. The copolymer prepared by the invention has uniform structure, stable storage and simple preparation method; in addition, by utilizing the Houmsett effect, the prepared thermal response temperature can be simply regulated and controlled according to the ion species and the ion concentration in the dissolved salt solution, the assembled temperature-sensitive intelligent window is good in color contrast and cycle stability, easy to realize large-scale production, simple in equipment and low in preparation cost, and has commercial application prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent windows, in particular to a preparation method of a temperature-sensitive intelligent window with response temperature adjusted through Hourmes special effect.
Background
According to statistics, the building energy consumption accounts for 30% of the total social energy consumption, wherein the energy consumption caused by the glass doors and windows accounts for about 50% of the total building energy consumption. Therefore, improving the energy-saving performance of the glass door and window has become the key to realizing the energy saving of the building. In the energy-saving technology of glass doors and windows, the thermochromic technology means that materials can be driven at different temperatures to adjust the visible light transmittance and the near infrared light transmittance, and the change does not need any external electric drive, so that the purpose of energy conservation is achieved. The temperature-sensitive intelligent window is an important application of a temperature-sensitive color-changing technology in the field of energy-saving buildings, and the temperature-sensitive material is a key component of a temperature-sensitive color-changing device, wherein poly N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAM) and a copolymer thereof are the most widely researched organic temperature-sensitive color-changing materials, the response speed is high, the contrast before and after color changing is high, and the cost of raw materials is low.
Thermochromic materials obtained by copolymerizing a plurality of materials in various ways have been proved to be capable of effectively realizing the regulation and control of illumination radiation. In the patent CN202011095345.1, the temperature-sensitive color-changing hydrogel is prepared by chitosan modified by maleic anhydride, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and cations with different valence states, and is assembled into an intelligent temperature-sensitive window, so that the temperature outside the window can be sensed, and the transmittance of the gel is controlled by the temperature outside the window to reduce the incidence of sunlight, thereby playing a role in reducing the indoor temperature; patent CN202110872877.X uses temperature sensitive N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) hydrogel as substrate to prepare and form intelligent window with photo-thermal dual response, and the intelligent window automatically changes from transparent to opaque when the light intensity is larger or the room temperature is higher.
The thermal response temperature is a core index for evaluating the performance of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window, when the external temperature is lower than the thermal response temperature, the intelligent window is in a normal transparent state, and when the external temperature is higher than a thermal response temperature threshold, the intelligent window can automatically realize thermochromic and realize isolation of illumination radiation. However, the most critical problem of the existing temperature-sensitive intelligent window including the materials is that one material only corresponds to one response temperature, and a factory needs to synthesize a plurality of corresponding copolymers so as to meet the requirements of different response temperatures of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window in a plurality of latitudes, a plurality of regions and a plurality of occasions in the world, and the temperature-sensitive intelligent window has the disadvantages of complex preparation process, redundant steps, high energy consumption, high requirements on equipment and process conditions, high production cost and influence on large-scale production, popularization and application of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of complex process, high device cost, difficult scale production and the like caused by the fact that one material only corresponds to one temperature and is difficult to be applied to a plurality of application scenes in the prior art, and the invention synthesizes a material with high response temperature by adjusting the type and the mass fraction of hydrophilic structural units, can obtain the temperature-sensitive intelligent window with adjustable temperature of 5-100 ℃ by dissolving the material in different salt solutions with different concentrations, and has the advantages of simple process, low cost, excellent performance and industrialized production. Specifically, in order to achieve the purpose, the poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) and the hydrophilic component monomer are subjected to free radical polymerization in an aqueous solution to prepare a thermochromic copolymer, the response temperature of the copolymer is controllably adjusted according to the proportion of the hydrophilic component monomer, and then the obtained copolymer is dissolved in a salt solution with Hofmeis special effect and is assembled with a transparent substrate to form the temperature-sensitive intelligent window. The temperature-sensitive intelligent windows with different temperatures can be obtained by dissolving the copolymer in saline solutions with different concentrations/different types, namely, the design and adjustment of various response temperatures can be realized by using one polymer, so that the method is suitable for more application scenes.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the preparation method of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window with response temperature adjusted through the Hourmes special effect comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing poly N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer
Adding an N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomer and a hydrophilic structural unit into an aqueous solution for ultrasonic treatment to obtain a dispersion, adding an initiator, introducing nitrogen to remove oxygen of the system, continuously reacting at an oil bath temperature, or adding an accelerant for reacting at room temperature, dialyzing with deionized water to remove unreacted impurities, and drying to obtain a poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer;
s2, preparing polymer solution
Dissolving the poly N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer prepared in the S1 in salt solutions with different concentrations to obtain a polymer solution after complete dissolution;
s3, preparing the temperature-sensitive intelligent window
Adhering a square frame on the periphery of the transparent substrate, adding the polymer solution prepared in the step S2 into the square frame, covering the other transparent substrate on the square frame, and clamping and fixing to obtain a sandwich structure, namely the temperature-sensitive intelligent window.
The preparation method of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window with response temperature adjusted according to Hofmeis special effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the S1, the hydrophilic structural unit is one or more of acrylamide, N-methylene-bisacrylamide, acrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol or polyethylene glycol.
Further, in S1, the initiator is one or more of ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, ferric trichloride, hydrogen peroxide, and the like.
Further, in the S1, the promoter is one or more of light, tetramethylethylenediamine, or a carborane lithium catalyst.
Further, the response temperature of the initial PNIPAM polymer is 32 degrees celsius, and after the hydrophilic structural unit is added, the thermal response temperature can be adjusted to 100 degrees celsius, specifically depending on the kind and mass fraction of the added hydrophilic structural unit, the better the hydrophilicity of the added component is, the higher the mass fraction added is, the higher the response temperature of the obtained copolymer is.
Further, in S2, the salt solution is selected from a specific salt solution having a hofmeister effect, and the salt solution includes one or more of sodium sulfate, potassium bromide, potassium sulfate, potassium iodate, sodium perchlorate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, and the like, and the stronger the hofmeister effect of the salt solution is, the lower the response temperature of the temperature-sensitive smart window is.
Further, the concentration of the saline solution for dissolving the copolymer can be one or more of 0.1M-2.0M, and the like, the higher the concentration of the saline solution is, the lower the response temperature of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window is, specifically, the higher the response temperature required by the temperature-sensitive intelligent window is, and when the concentration of the saline solution reaches the highest value, the temperature-sensitive intelligent window is in a stable coloring state at room temperature or low temperature.
Further, in S3, the transparent substrate is one or more of glass, organic glass, transparent conductive glass, graphene, silver nanowires, and transparent polymer films.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts the free radical polymerization mode to prepare the poly N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer, has simple preparation process, low cost and high production efficiency, and can be used for large-batch industrial synthesis;
(2) the hydrophilicity and the mass fraction of the hydrophilic structural units are adjusted through copolymerization of the hydrophilic structural units, the response temperature of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window is controllably adjusted, and the defect that the response temperature of the current temperature-sensitive intelligent window is single is overcome;
(3) the copolymer obtained is dissolved in different salt solutions by utilizing the Hofmeister effect, the response temperature of the copolymer can be adjusted in a simple and convenient manner through concentration control and ion selection, the defect that the current copolymer corresponds to one response temperature is overcome, the industrialized production is facilitated, and the method is suitable for being applied in different regions and fields in a globalization manner;
(4) the prepared temperature-sensitive intelligent window can automatically realize the change from transparent to milky when reaching the response temperature, the front and back optical contrast is close to 100 percent, and the prepared temperature-sensitive intelligent window has the isolation effect of spontaneous illumination and heat radiation;
(5) the device has simple composition, simple preparation, low requirements on equipment and process, easy large-area production and low preparation cost, and can be used for large-scale industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a temperature-sensitive smart window in an embodiment;
the meaning of the reference symbols in the figures: FIG. 1: (a) a lower transparent substrate, (b) a polymer layer comprising a thermally responsive copolymer and a hofmeister salt solution, and (c) an upper transparent substrate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
Example 1
The preparation method of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window with response temperature adjusted through the Hourmes special effect comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing poly N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer
Adding 6g of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomer into 50 ml of aqueous solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain dispersion, adding 0.066g of initiator into the dispersion, sealing and introducing nitrogen to bubble for 30 minutes at room temperature to remove oxygen in the system, continuously reacting for 4 hours at 70 ℃ of oil bath, dialyzing for 5 days by deionized water to remove unreacted impurities, and drying to obtain the PNIPAM polymer.
S2, preparing polymer solution
Dissolving the poly N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer prepared in the S1 in a sodium sulfate solution with the mass fraction of 5 wt% and 0.1M, and obtaining a polymer solution after complete dissolution;
s3, preparing the temperature-sensitive intelligent window
Adhering a square frame with the thickness of 0.3 mm on the periphery of a transparent substrate, adding a polymer solution in S2 into the square frame, covering another transparent substrate on the square frame, and clamping and fixing to obtain a sandwich structure as shown in figure 1.
Example 2
The preparation method of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window with response temperature adjusted through the Hourmes special effect comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing poly N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer
Adding 6g of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomer into 50 ml of aqueous solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain dispersion, adding 0.060g of initiator into the dispersion, sealing and introducing nitrogen for bubbling for 30 minutes at room temperature to remove oxygen in the system, injecting 100 microliters of accelerant tetramethylethylenediamine at room temperature, continuously reacting for 0.5 hour, dialyzing with deionized water for 5 days to remove unreacted impurities, and drying to obtain the PNIPAM polymer.
S2, preparing polymer solution
Dissolving the PNIPAM polymer prepared in S1 in an aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 5 wt% to obtain a polymer solution after complete dissolution;
s3, preparing the temperature-sensitive intelligent window
Adhering a square frame with the thickness of 0.3 mm on the periphery of a transparent substrate, adding a polymer solution in S2 into the square frame, covering another transparent substrate on the square frame, and clamping and fixing to obtain a sandwich structure as shown in figure 1.
Example 3
The preparation method of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window with response temperature adjusted through the Hourmes special effect comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing poly N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer
Adding 6g of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomer and 0.6g N, N-methylenebisacrylamide (BISAM, 10 wt%) into 50 ml of aqueous solution for ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain a dispersion, adding 0.066g of an initiator into the dispersion, sealing and introducing nitrogen for bubbling for 30 minutes at room temperature to remove oxygen of the system, continuously reacting for 4 hours at 70 ℃ in an oil bath, dialyzing for 5 days by deionized water to remove unreacted impurities, and drying to obtain the PNIPAM-co-BISAM polymer.
S2, preparing polymer solution
Dissolving the poly N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer prepared in the S1 in a sodium sulfate solution with the mass fraction of 5 wt% and 0.1M, and obtaining a polymer solution after complete dissolution;
s3, preparing the temperature-sensitive intelligent window
Adhering a square frame with the thickness of 0.3 mm on the periphery of a transparent substrate, adding a polymer solution in S2 into the square frame, covering another transparent substrate on the square frame, and clamping and fixing to obtain a sandwich structure as shown in figure 1.
Example 4
The preparation method of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window with response temperature adjusted through the Hourmes special effect comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing poly N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer
Adding 6g of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomer and 0.3g of acrylamide monomer (AM, 5 wt%) into 50 ml of aqueous solution for ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain dispersion, adding 0.063g of initiator into the dispersion, sealing and introducing nitrogen for bubbling for 30 minutes at room temperature to remove oxygen of the system, continuously reacting for 4 hours at 70 ℃ of oil bath, dialyzing for 5 days by deionized water to remove unreacted impurities, and drying to obtain the PNIPAM-co-AM polymer.
S2, preparing polymer solution
Dissolving the poly N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer prepared in the S1 in a sodium sulfate solution with the mass fraction of 5 wt% and the concentration of 0.5M, and obtaining a polymer solution after complete dissolution;
s3, preparing the temperature-sensitive intelligent window
Adhering a square frame with the thickness of 0.3 mm on the periphery of a transparent substrate, adding a polymer solution in S2 into the square frame, covering another transparent substrate on the square frame, and clamping and fixing to obtain a sandwich structure as shown in figure 1.
Example 5
The preparation method of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window with response temperature adjusted through the Hourmes special effect comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing poly N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer
Adding 6g of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomer and 1.5g of acrylamide monomer (AM, 25 wt%) into 50 ml of aqueous solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain dispersion, adding 0.066g of initiator into the dispersion, sealing and introducing nitrogen to bubble for 30 minutes at room temperature to remove oxygen of the system, continuously reacting for 4 hours at 70 ℃ of oil bath, dialyzing for 5 days by deionized water to remove unreacted impurities, and drying to obtain the PNIPAM-co-AM polymer.
S2, preparing polymer solution
Dissolving the poly N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer prepared in the S1 in a 1.0M sodium sulfate solution with the mass fraction of 5 wt% to obtain a polymer solution after complete dissolution;
s3, preparing the temperature-sensitive intelligent window
Adhering a square frame with the thickness of 0.3 mm on the periphery of a transparent substrate, adding a polymer solution in S2 into the square frame, covering another transparent substrate on the square frame, and clamping and fixing to obtain a sandwich structure as shown in figure 1.
Example 6
The preparation method of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window with response temperature adjusted through the Hourmes special effect comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing poly N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer
Adding 6g of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomer, 0.6g N, N-methylenebisacrylamide (BISAM, 10 wt%) and 1.5g of acrylamide monomer (AM, 25 wt%) into 50 ml of aqueous solution for ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain dispersion, adding 0.063g of initiator into the dispersion, sealing and introducing nitrogen for bubbling for 30 minutes at room temperature to remove oxygen in the system, continuously reacting for 4 hours at 70 ℃ in an oil bath, dialyzing for 5 days by deionized water to remove unreacted impurities, and drying to obtain the PNIPAM-co-BISAM-co-AM polymer.
S2, preparing polymer solution
Dissolving the poly N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer prepared in the S1 in a potassium carbonate solution with the mass fraction of 5 wt% and the concentration of 0.1M, and obtaining a polymer solution after complete dissolution;
s3, preparing the temperature-sensitive intelligent window
Adhering a square frame with the thickness of 0.3 mm on the periphery of a transparent substrate, adding a polymer solution in S2 into the square frame, covering another transparent substrate on the square frame, and clamping and fixing to obtain a sandwich structure as shown in figure 1.
Example 7
The preparation method of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window with response temperature adjusted through the Hourmes special effect comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing poly N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer
Adding 6g of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomer, 0.6g N, N-methylenebisacrylamide (BISAM, 10 wt%) and 1.5g of acrylamide monomer (AM, 25 wt%) into 50 ml of aqueous solution for ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain dispersion, adding 0.063g of initiator into the dispersion, sealing and introducing nitrogen for bubbling for 30 minutes at room temperature to remove oxygen in the system, continuously reacting for 4 hours at 70 ℃ in an oil bath, dialyzing for 5 days by deionized water to remove unreacted impurities, and drying to obtain the PNIPAM-co-BISAM-co-AM polymer.
S2, preparing polymer solution
Dissolving the poly N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer prepared in the S1 in a potassium carbonate solution with the mass fraction of 5 wt% and the concentration of 0.5M, and obtaining a polymer solution after complete dissolution;
s3, preparing the temperature-sensitive intelligent window
Adhering a square frame with the thickness of 0.3 mm on the periphery of a transparent substrate, adding a polymer solution in S2 into the square frame, covering another transparent substrate on the square frame, and clamping and fixing to obtain a sandwich structure as shown in figure 1.
Example 8
The preparation method of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window with response temperature adjusted through the Hourmes special effect comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing poly N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer
Adding 6g of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomer, 0.6g N, N-methylenebisacrylamide (BISAM, 10 wt%) and 1.5g of acrylamide monomer (AM, 25 wt%) into 50 ml of aqueous solution for ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain dispersion, adding 0.063g of initiator into the dispersion, sealing and introducing nitrogen for bubbling for 30 minutes at room temperature to remove oxygen in the system, continuously reacting for 4 hours at 70 ℃ in an oil bath, dialyzing for 5 days by deionized water to remove unreacted impurities, and drying to obtain the PNIPAM-co-BISAM-co-AM polymer.
S2, preparing polymer solution
Dissolving the poly N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer prepared in the S1 in a 1.0M potassium carbonate solution with the mass fraction of 5 wt% to obtain a polymer solution after complete dissolution;
s3, preparing the temperature-sensitive intelligent window
Adhering a square frame with the thickness of 0.3 mm on the periphery of a transparent substrate, adding a polymer solution in S2 into the square frame, covering another transparent substrate on the square frame, clamping and fixing to obtain a sandwich structure as shown in figure 1, wherein the temperature-sensitive intelligent window comprises a lower transparent substrate (a), a polymer layer (b) and an upper transparent substrate (c) which are tightly attached from bottom to top in sequence, and can realize the change from transparent to milky white at a specified temperature
TABLE 1 Performance data for various temperature-sensitive Smart windows obtained in the above examples
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window with response temperature adjusted through the Hourmes special effect is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing poly N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer
Adding an N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomer and a hydrophilic structural unit into an aqueous solution for ultrasonic treatment to obtain a dispersion, adding an initiator, introducing nitrogen to remove oxygen of the system, continuously reacting at an oil bath temperature, or adding an accelerant for reacting at room temperature, dialyzing with deionized water to remove unreacted impurities, and drying to obtain a poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer;
s2, preparing polymer solution
Dissolving the poly N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) copolymer prepared in the S1 in salt solutions with different concentrations to obtain a polymer solution after complete dissolution;
s3, preparing the temperature-sensitive intelligent window
Adhering a square frame on the periphery of the transparent substrate, adding the polymer solution prepared in the step S2 into the square frame, covering the other transparent substrate on the square frame, and clamping and fixing to obtain a sandwich structure, namely the temperature-sensitive intelligent window.
2. The preparation method of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window with response temperature adjusted according to Hofmeis special effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the S1, the hydrophilic structural unit is one or more of acrylamide, N-methylene-bisacrylamide, acrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol or polyethylene glycol.
3. The preparation method of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window with the response temperature adjusted according to the Houmses special effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature-sensitive intelligent window comprises: in the S1, the initiator is one or more of ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, ferric trichloride, hydrogen peroxide and the like.
4. The preparation method of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window with the response temperature adjusted according to the Houmses special effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature-sensitive intelligent window comprises: in the S1, the accelerant is one or more of light, tetramethylethylenediamine, carborane lithium catalyst and the like.
5. The preparation method of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window with response temperature adjusted according to Hofmeis special effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the initial response temperature of the PNIPAM polymer is 32 ℃, and the type and the mass fraction of the hydrophilic structural unit are selected to realize the control of the response temperature of the PNIPAM polymer.
6. The preparation method of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window with response temperature adjusted according to Hofmeis special effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the S2, the salt solution is one or more selected from sodium sulfate, potassium bromide, potassium sulfate, potassium iodate, sodium perchlorate and sodium hydrogen phosphate.
7. The preparation method of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window with response temperature adjusted according to Hofmeis special effect as claimed in claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: the concentration of the saline solution is 0.1-2.0M, and the temperature-sensitive intelligent window response temperature is controlled by controlling the concentration of the saline solution.
8. The preparation method of the temperature-sensitive intelligent window with response temperature adjusted according to Hofmeis special effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in S3, the transparent substrate is one or more of glass, organic glass, transparent conductive glass, graphene, nano silver wires and transparent polymer films.
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