CN114853062A - Preparation process of nanoscale zirconia powder - Google Patents
Preparation process of nanoscale zirconia powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN114853062A CN114853062A CN202210313007.3A CN202210313007A CN114853062A CN 114853062 A CN114853062 A CN 114853062A CN 202210313007 A CN202210313007 A CN 202210313007A CN 114853062 A CN114853062 A CN 114853062A
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- C01G25/02—Oxides
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation process of nano-grade zirconia powder, which comprises the following steps: preparing a precipitator solution, a zirconium salt solution and a mother solution; heating the mother liquor to a first temperature; simultaneously adding the precipitant solution and the zirconium salt solution into the mother liquor, stirring in the adding process, wherein the flow rate of the zirconium salt solution in the process is v1m 3 The flow rate of the precipitant solution is v2m 3 H; continuously stirring at constant temperature after the addition is finished; then filtering, washing and drying; drying and calcining to obtain the catalyst; the concentration of zirconium ions in the zirconium salt solution is alpha mol/L, and the alpha is 0.5-2.5; the mother liquor comprises ammonium ions and/or ammonia water, the sum of the concentrations of the ammonium ions and the ammonia water in the mother liquor is bmol/L, and b is 0.2-2; the nano zirconia prepared by the liquid phase method has small grain diameter and uniform grain diameter distribution, and the grain diameter is 33-48 nm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation process of nano-grade zirconia powder, belonging to the field of zirconia powder preparation.
Background
The nano zirconia powder has the characteristics of large specific surface area, high surface energy, low sintering temperature and the like, and has excellent mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical properties, so the nano zirconia powder has wide application in the aspects of high-temperature structural materials, high-temperature optical elements, oxygen sensitive elements, fuel cells and the like.
The preparation method of the zirconia ultrafine powder comprises a wet chemical method, a hydrothermal method, a sol-gel method and the like, wherein the main method for preparing the nano zirconia powder is a liquid phase method, the preparation process route of the liquid phase method is simple, the equipment investment is small, but agglomeration is easy to occur in the preparation process of the liquid phase method, the particle size of the obtained nano zirconia powder is larger, and the content of ionic impurities in the nano zirconia powder is not easy to reduce.
Therefore, how to reduce the particle size and impurities of the nano zirconia powder prepared by the liquid phase method becomes a technical problem in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a preparation process of nano-grade zirconia powder, which comprises the following steps: preparing a precipitator solution, a zirconium salt solution and a mother solution; heating the mother liquor, and maintaining the temperature of the mother liquor at a first temperature; simultaneously adding the precipitant solution and the zirconium salt solution into a mother solution, and stirring in the adding process, wherein the flow rate of the zirconium salt solution in the process is v1, and the flow rate of the precipitant solution is v 2; the nano zirconia prepared by the liquid phase method has small grain diameter of 33-48 nm.
According to one aspect of the invention, a preparation process of a nano-grade zirconia powder comprises the following steps: preparing a precipitator solution, a zirconium salt solution and a mother solution; heating the mother liquor to a first temperature; simultaneously adding the precipitant solution and the zirconium salt solution into the mother liquor, stirring in the adding process, wherein the flow rate of the zirconium salt solution in the process is v1m 3 The flow rate of the precipitant solution is v2m 3 H; continuously stirring at constant temperature after the addition is finished; then filtering, washing and drying; drying and calcining to obtain the nano zirconia with the particle size of 33-48 nm;
the concentration of zirconium ions in the zirconium salt solution is alpha mol/L, and the alpha is 0.5-2.5;
the mother liquor comprises ammonium ions and/or ammonia water, the sum of the concentrations of the ammonium ions and the ammonia water in the mother liquor is b mol/L, and b is 0.2-2; the sum of the concentrations of the ammonium ions and the ammonia water in the mother liquor is b, namely when only the ammonium ions or the ammonia water exists in the mother liquor, the b is the concentration of the ammonium ions or the ammonia water; and b is the sum of the concentrations of the ammonium ions and the ammonia water when only the ammonium ions and the ammonia water exist in the mother liquor.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that the precipitant solution and the zirconium salt solution are added into the mother solution simultaneously, so that zirconium ions can slowly react to generate zirconium hydroxide, zirconium hydroxide gel is not generated, the agglomeration phenomenon is avoided, and the obtained zirconium hydroxide powder has small particles; the mother liquor comprises ammonium ions and/or ammonia water, so that the rate of zirconium ions reacting to generate zirconium hydroxide can be effectively controlled;
by controlling the concentration of zirconium ions in a zirconium salt solution, the concentration sum of ammonium ions and ammonia water in mother liquor and the adding speed of the zirconium ions, the zirconium ions can be added into the mother liquor in the reaction time, the ratio of the added zirconium ions to the concentration of the ammonium ions and the ammonia water in the mother liquor is stably controlled within a certain range, the continuous and stable generation of nano-grade zirconium hydroxide with small particles is realized, the size instability of nano-grade zirconium hydroxide particles is avoided, and the particle size of the obtained nano-grade zirconium hydroxide is 33-48 nm; and after the zirconium hydroxide is generated, the ion concentration in the solution is low, and the obtained nano zirconium oxide has less impurities.
Further, the precipitant solution comprises one or more of ammonia water and urea, the concentration of solute in the precipitant solution is c mol/L, and c is 0.3-1.5.
The technical scheme adopted in the previous step has the beneficial effects that the precipitant solution comprises one or more of ammonia water, urea and ammonia gas, so that ammonium ions and/or ammonia water in the mother liquor can be supplemented, the supplementing speed of the ammonium ions and/or ammonia water is controlled, the concentration and stability of the ammonium ions and ammonia water in the mother liquor are within a certain range, and the fluctuation is small; the concentration of the precipitant is c 0.3-1.5 mol/L, so that the stable supplement of the concentrations of the ammonium ions and the ammonia water in the mother liquor can be realized, the concentration and the stability of the ammonium ions and the ammonia water in the mother liquor can be favorably realized, and the problem of high ion concentration in the solution after the zirconium hydroxide is generated can be favorably avoided.
Further, the v1m 3 H is 0.5 to 2; and/or v2m 3 H is 0.1 to 1.2;
further, the first temperature is 60-80 ℃.
The technical scheme adopted in the previous step has the beneficial effect that the zirconium hydroxide precipitate can be continuously generated in the mother liquor.
Furthermore, the calcination temperature is 450-540 ℃, and the calcination time is 3-5 h.
The technical scheme adopted in the previous step has the beneficial effects that as the zirconium hydroxide particles obtained by the reaction are small and dispersed, agglomeration is avoided, and therefore, the calcination temperature is 450-540 ℃, the zirconium oxide is obtained, the energy consumption is reduced, and the phenomenon that the particles are adhered to each other after part of zirconium oxide is sintered due to the uneven granularity of the zirconium hydroxide at high temperature is avoided.
Further, the process for preparing nano-sized zirconia powder included controlling process parameter x, which was a. v 1/b.
The technical scheme adopted in the previous step has the beneficial effects that the continuous and stable reaction in the mother liquor is realized to generate the nano zirconium hydroxide particles with small particles by realizing the control of the process parameter x, and the obtained nano zirconium hydroxide particles are uniform in size; so as to finally obtain the nano zirconia with small particles and uniform granularity.
Further, the process parameter x is 0.25-0.35.
The technical scheme adopted in the previous step has the beneficial effects that the parameter x is within the range of 0.25-0.35, so that the zirconium hydroxide gel phenomenon or the low production efficiency of the nano zirconium hydroxide when zirconium ions enter the mother liquor during reaction is avoided, the phenomenon that nano zirconium hydroxide precipitation particles produced by the reaction are large or agglomeration phenomenon is avoided, the continuous and stable reaction in the mother liquor is more effectively controlled, the nano zirconium hydroxide particles with small particles are generated, and the finally obtained nano zirconium hydroxide particles are small and uniform in size.
Further, the method comprises the step of controlling a process parameter y, wherein the parameter is a/c.
The technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the control of the process parameter y is realized, the concentration of the zirconium ions in the zirconium salt solution is the ratio of the concentration a to the concentration c of the solute in the precipitant solution, the concentration and the stability of the ammonium ions and the ammonia water in the mother liquor in the reaction process are favorably realized, the zirconium hydroxide precipitation or zirconium hydroxide gelation phenomenon is avoided when the zirconium ions are continuously reacted to generate the zirconium hydroxide, and the reduction of the ion concentration in the solution after the zirconium hydroxide is generated is also favorably realized.
Further, the process parameter y is 1-1.5.
The technical scheme adopted in the previous step has the beneficial effects that the technological parameter y is controlled to be 1-1.5, the phenomena of large precipitated particles and agglomeration of the nano zirconium hydroxide generated by the reaction when the y is less than 1 are avoided, and the problem of high ion content in the solution after the zirconium hydroxide is generated is avoided; the problems of zirconium hydroxide gelation or low production efficiency and the like when y is more than 1 are also avoided; therefore, the method effectively realizes high efficiency of generating the nano zirconium hydroxide by reaction, avoids the problems of large nano zirconium hydroxide precipitated particles or agglomeration and high ion concentration in the solution in the reaction, and finally realizes small nano zirconium oxide particles, less impurities and high production efficiency.
Further, the precipitant solution and the zirconium salt solution are added into the mother liquor at the same time, the point from the extension line of the liquid outlet of the precipitant solution adding device to the intersection point of the liquid level of the mother liquor is the point e, and the point from the extension line of the liquid outlet of the zirconium salt solution adding device to the intersection point of the liquid level of the mother liquor is the point f; the horizontal distance from the point e to the point f is L, the L is 0-1.5m, and the L is preferably 0-1 m.
The technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the concentration and stability of ammonium ions and ammonia water in the mother liquor can be further effectively realized when the process parameters x and y are in the range by controlling the L to be 0-1.5m, so that the size stability of the nano zirconium hydroxide particles generated in the reaction is realized.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following embodiments are provided to further explain the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment provides a preparation process of nano-grade zirconia powder, which comprises the following steps: preparing a precipitator solution, a zirconium salt solution and a mother solution;
heating the mother liquor, and maintaining the temperature of the mother liquor at a first temperature; the first temperature is specifically 70 ℃;
adding a certain amount of mother liquor into a container, wherein the specific addition amount is 2m 3 ；
Simultaneously adding the precipitant solution and the zirconium salt solution into a mother solution, and stirring in the adding process, wherein the flow rate of the zirconium salt solution in the process is v1, and the flow rate of the precipitant solution is v 2;
after the addition is finished, stirring at constant temperature is continued, and after the addition is finished, stirring at constant temperature is carried out for 1 h; then filtering, washing and drying; drying and calcining to obtain the nano zirconia with the particle size of 35 nm; spray drying is selected for the washed zirconium hydroxide slurry to obtain zirconium hydroxide powder; specifically, the calcining temperature is 480 ℃, and the calcining time is 4 h.
The concentration of zirconium ions in the zirconium salt solution is alpha mol/L, and the alpha is 0.5-2.5; the method comprises the following steps of (1) specifically, using a zirconium nitrate solution as a zirconium salt solution, wherein the concentration a of zirconium ions in the zirconium nitrate solution is 1 mol/L;
the mother liquor comprises ammonium ions, wherein the ammonium ions in the mother liquor are b mol/L, and b is 0.2-2; the specific mother liquor is ammonium nitrate solution, and the concentration b of ammonium ions in the mother liquor is 1.9375 mol/L;
the precipitant solution comprises ammonia water, the concentration of solute in the precipitant solution is c mol/L, and c is 0.5-1.5; specifically, the precipitant solution is ammonia water, and the concentration c of the ammonia water in the precipitant solution is 0.8 mol/L;
the v1m 3 The flow rate of the zirconium nitrate solution is 0.5-2, and the specific flow rate of the zirconium nitrate solution is 0.6m 3 /h；
The v2m 3 The flow rate of the precipitator ammonia water is 0.1-1.2, and the flow rate of the precipitator ammonia water is 0.318m 3 /h；
The preparation process of the nano-scale zirconia powder further comprises controlling a process parameter x, wherein x is a. v 1/b; the process parameter x is specifically 0.31; the method has the advantages that zirconium hydroxide gel phenomenon or low nano-zirconium hydroxide output efficiency when zirconium ions enter the mother liquor for reaction is avoided, the phenomenon that nano-zirconium hydroxide precipitate particles generated by the reaction are large or agglomeration phenomenon is avoided, the continuous and stable reaction in the mother liquor is more effectively controlled, and the nano-zirconium hydroxide particles with small particles are generated, so that the finally obtained nano-zirconium hydroxide particles are small and uniform in size;
the preparation process of the nano-grade zirconia powder further comprises the step of controlling a process parameter y, wherein a/c is defined as a; the process parameter y is specifically 1.25; the concentration of zirconium ions in the zirconium salt solution is the ratio of a to the concentration of solute c in the precipitant solution, so that the concentration and stability of ammonium ions and ammonia water in the mother solution in the reaction process are favorably realized, the zirconium hydroxide precipitation or zirconium hydroxide gelation phenomenon generated when zirconium hydroxide is generated by continuous reaction of zirconium ions is avoided, and the ion concentration in the solution after the zirconium hydroxide is generated is favorably reduced;
the ammonia water solution and the zirconium nitrate solution are added into the mother solution at the same time, the point from the extension line of the liquid outlet of the ammonia water solution adding equipment to the intersection point of the liquid level of the mother solution is the point e, and the point from the extension line of the liquid outlet of the zirconium nitrate solution adding equipment to the intersection point of the liquid level of the mother solution is the point f;
the horizontal distance from the point e to the point f is L, and the L is 0.5 m; when the process parameters x and y are within the range, the concentration and stability of ammonium ions and ammonia water in the mother liquor can be further effectively realized, so that the size of the nano zirconium hydroxide particles generated in the reaction is stable.
Example two:
the same parts of this embodiment as those of the first embodiment will not be described again; the embodiment provides a preparation process of nano-grade zirconia powder, which comprises the following steps: preparing a precipitator solution, a zirconium salt solution and a mother solution;
heating the mother liquor, and maintaining the temperature of the mother liquor at a first temperature; the first temperature is specifically 75 ℃;
adding a certain amount of mother liquor into a container, wherein the specific addition amount is 0.7m 3 ；
Specifically, the calcining temperature is 500 ℃, and the calcining time is 3.8 h.
The specific zirconium salt solution is a zirconium chloride solution, and the concentration a of zirconium ions in the zirconium chloride solution is 0.77 mol/L;
the specific mother liquor is ammonium nitrate solution, and the concentration b of ammonium ions in the mother liquor is 1.3 mol/L;
specifically, the precipitator solution comprises ammonia water and urea, and the sum of the concentrations c of the ammonia water and the urea in the precipitator solution is 0.55 mol/L;
specifically, the flow velocity v1 of the zirconium nitrate solution is 0.55m 3 /h；
Specifically, the flow velocity v2 of the precipitant ammonia water is 0.297m 3 /h；
The process parameter x is specifically 0.33;
the process parameter y is specifically 1.4;
the ammonia water solution and the zirconium nitrate solution are added into the mother solution at the same time, the point from the extension line of the liquid outlet of the ammonia water solution adding equipment to the intersection point of the liquid level of the mother solution is the point e, and the point from the extension line of the liquid outlet of the zirconium nitrate solution adding equipment to the intersection point of the liquid level of the mother solution is the point f;
the horizontal distance from the point e to the point f is L, and the L is 0.3 m;
finally, the particle size of the obtained nano zirconia is 40 nm.
Example three:
the same parts of this embodiment as those of the first embodiment will not be described again; the embodiment provides a preparation process of nano-grade zirconia powder, which comprises the following steps: preparing a precipitator solution, a zirconium salt solution and a mother solution;
heating the mother liquor, and maintaining the temperature of the mother liquor at a first temperature; the first temperature is specifically 65 ℃;
adding a certain amount of mother liquor into a container, wherein the specific addition amount is 1m 3 ；
Specifically, the calcining temperature is 460 ℃, and the calcining time is 4.5 h.
The specific zirconium salt solution is a zirconium chloride solution, and the concentration a of zirconium ions in the zirconium chloride solution is 0.6 mol/L;
the specific mother liquor is ammonium nitrate solution, and the concentration b of ammonium ions in the mother liquor is 1.62 mol/L;
the precipitant solution comprises ammonia water, wherein the ammonia water is used as the precipitant solution,
specifically, the precipitant solution comprises ammonia water and urea, and the sum of the concentrations c of the ammonia water and the urea in the precipitant solution is 0.414 mol/L;
specifically, the flow velocity v1 of the zirconium nitrate solution is 0.7m 3 /h；
Specifically, the flow velocity v2 of the precipitant ammonia water is 0.43m 3 /h；
The process parameter x is specifically 0.26;
the process parameter y is specifically 1.45;
the ammonia water solution and the zirconium nitrate solution are added into the mother solution at the same time, the point from the extension line of the liquid outlet of the ammonia water solution adding equipment to the intersection point of the liquid level of the mother solution is the point e, and the point from the extension line of the liquid outlet of the zirconium nitrate solution adding equipment to the intersection point of the liquid level of the mother solution is the point f;
the horizontal distance from the point e to the point f is L, and the L is 0.25 m;
finally, the particle size of the obtained nano zirconia is 35 nm. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the features described above have similar functions to (but are not limited to) those disclosed in this application.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation process of nano-grade zirconia powder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a precipitator solution, a zirconium salt solution and a mother solution;
heating the mother liquor to a first temperature;
simultaneously adding the precipitant solution and the zirconium salt solution into the mother liquor, stirring in the adding process, wherein the flow rate of the zirconium salt solution in the process is v1m 3 The flow rate of the precipitant solution is v2m 3 /h；
Continuously stirring at constant temperature after the addition is finished;
then filtering, washing and drying;
drying and calcining to obtain the catalyst;
the concentration of zirconium ions in the zirconium salt solution is alpha mol/L, and the alpha is 0.5-2.5;
the mother liquor comprises ammonium ions and/or ammonia water, the sum of the concentrations of the ammonium ions and the ammonia water in the mother liquor is b mol/L, and b is 0.2-2.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the precipitant solution comprises one or more of ammonia and urea, the concentration of solute in the precipitant solution is c mol/L, and c is 0.3-1.5.
3. The process for preparing nano-sized zirconia powder according to claim 1, wherein v1m is 3 H; is 0.5 to 2
And/or
The v2m 3 H; is 0.1-1.2.
4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the first temperature is 60-80 ℃.
5. The process for preparing nano-scale zirconia powder according to claim 1, wherein the calcination temperature is 450-540 ℃ and the calcination time is 3-5 h.
6. The process according to claim 1, comprising controlling process parameter x, which is a. v 1/b.
7. The process according to claim 6, wherein the process parameter x is in the range of 0.25 to 0.35.
8. The process of claim 1, comprising controlling a process parameter y, wherein y is a/c.
9. The process for preparing nano-sized zirconia powder according to claim 8, wherein the process parameter y is 1 to 1.5.
10. The process of claim 9, wherein the precipitant solution and the zirconium salt solution are added to the mother solution simultaneously, and the liquid outlet of the precipitant solution adding apparatus extends to the intersection of the liquid level of the mother solution at point e, and the liquid outlet of the zirconium salt solution adding apparatus extends to the intersection of the liquid level of the mother solution at point f;
and the horizontal distance from the point e to the point f is L, and the L is 0-1.5 m.
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| JPS6144718A (en) * | 1984-08-07 | 1986-03-04 | Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd | Production of fine zirconia powder |
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