CN114853033A - Prussian white synthesis process and application - Google Patents

Prussian white synthesis process and application Download PDF

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CN114853033A
CN114853033A CN202210631344.7A CN202210631344A CN114853033A CN 114853033 A CN114853033 A CN 114853033A CN 202210631344 A CN202210631344 A CN 202210631344A CN 114853033 A CN114853033 A CN 114853033A
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solution
prussian white
synthesis process
prussian
sodium
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韩建涛
徐月
方淳
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01CAMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C3/00Cyanogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01C3/08Simple or complex cyanides of metals
    • C01C3/12Simple or complex iron cyanides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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    • C01P2002/60Compounds characterised by their crystallite size
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/72Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
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    • C01P2004/03Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/40Electric properties
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028Positive electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention relates to a Prussian white synthesis process, which comprises the steps of dissolving divalent manganese salt in deionized water, and stirring the solution to obtain a clear solution A; dissolving sodium ferrocyanide or potassium ferrocyanide in deionized water, and stirring and clarifying to form a solution B; adding sodium salt to the solution B to form a solution C; mixing the solution A and the solution C to obtain a suspension D; and sealing the suspension D, standing at a constant temperature for aging, filtering out precipitates obtained by aging, washing and drying to obtain the Prussian white. Prussian white is prepared by the synthesis process. An application of the Prussian white in a sodium ion battery. The beneficial effects are that: the use of complexing agent is avoided, the raw material cost is reduced, continuous stirring is not needed in the whole reaction, and the production energy consumption cost is reduced; the clear liquid after the sediment is poured out can be used as the mother liquid of the solution C, and the production cost is saved by repeated use; the obtained product has good crystalline structure stability, and has excellent electrochemical performance when being used for a sodium ion battery.

Description

Prussian white synthesis process and application
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sodium ion battery electrode materials, in particular to a Prussian white synthesis process and application.
Background
The working principle of the sodium ion energy storage battery is similar to that of the lithium ion battery, the charge and discharge functions of the battery are realized by utilizing the deintercalation cycle of sodium ions between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, but the sodium ion battery has the most prominent advantage of low price compared with the lithium battery. The sodium ion battery system selects sodium with rich resources as an active element, the sodium and the lithium belong to the same group of elements, the chemical properties of the sodium and the lithium are similar, the content of the sodium element on the earth is very high and is thousands of times of that of the lithium, and the sodium chloride is one tenth of the price of lithium carbonate as a raw material of the battery.
With the explosive growth of the electric vehicle and the energy storage field to the battery demand, if the lithium battery is used completely, the lithium resource shortage will be caused, the Chinese lithium storage amount only accounts for 10% of the world total amount, and the Chinese lithium resource danger is more serious. When the sodium ion battery is used in the field of energy storage, the sodium ion battery partially replaces a lithium battery, and the pressure caused by the shortage of lithium resources can be effectively relieved.
The research investment of sodium electricity is increased year by year in various countries, the sodium ion battery has become a trend to partially replace a lithium battery in the field of energy storage, and under the background of vigorous planning and development of energy storage industry, the sodium ion battery has higher application value and development prospect as a novel energy storage battery due to the characteristics of abundant resources, environmental friendliness, low cost and the like.
The Prussian blue-like material is a metal organic compound material bridged by cyanide, has an open framework structure and is suitable for the storage of sodium ions with large ionic radius, and the sodium-like Prussian blue storage theoretical specific capacity with double active sites can reach 170 mAh.g -1 . In the Prussian-like blue with double active sites, transition metal sites of Prussian white are occupied by Mn and Fe, and noble transition metals are not used, so that the Prussian-like blue has a good cost advantage. The material obtained by the common coprecipitation mode has more iron cyanide vacancy defects, and the material has poor specific capacity and cycling stability and poor quality as an electrode material.
In order to improve the situation, researchers use a complexing agent to assist a coprecipitation method to improve the problems, however, the use of the complexing agent not only increases the raw material cost, but also increases the production cost and the time cost because the obtained product needs to be repeatedly cleaned for many times to avoid the mixing of impurities, and increases the difficulty of reusing the precursor solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a Prussian white synthesis process and application thereof so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a Prussian white synthesis process comprises the following steps:
s100, dissolving a divalent manganese salt in deionized water, and stirring to obtain a clear solution to form a solution A;
s200, dissolving sodium ferrocyanide or potassium ferrocyanide in deionized water, and stirring and clarifying to form a solution B;
s300, adding sodium salt into the solution B to form a solution C;
s400, mixing the solution A and the solution C to obtain a suspension D;
and S500, sealing the suspension D, standing and aging at a constant temperature, filtering out a precipitate obtained by aging, washing and drying to obtain the Prussian white.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the use of complexing agent is avoided, the raw material cost is reduced, continuous stirring is not needed in the whole reaction, the production energy consumption cost is reduced, the cleanliness of the aged and filtered product is high, multiple times of cleaning are not needed, and the labor cost is saved; the clear liquid after the sediment is poured out can be used as the mother liquid of the solution C, and the production cost is saved by repeated use.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, the divalent manganese salt is one of water-soluble manganese salts such as manganese acetate, manganese chloride, manganese sulfate, etc.
Further, the concentration of the solution A is 10mmol/L to 100mmol/L, which is determined by the anion property of the manganese salt.
Further, the molar concentration of the ferricyanide in the solution B is more than or equal to the molar concentration of the manganese in the solution A.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to do: the defects of the material can be effectively reduced.
Further, the concentration of sodium salt in the solution C is lower than its saturation concentration, and the concentration of sodium salt in the solution C is 3 times or more the molar concentration of Mn.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to do: the high negative charge of the iron cyanide is subjected to charge compensation, and partial hydrolysis of the iron cyanide is reduced.
Further, the anion selection of the sodium salt is consistent with that of the divalent manganese salt.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to do: reducing the impurity ion species.
Further, the solution A and the solution C can be directly mixed in a large amount without dropwise addition.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to do: time cost and production energy consumption cost can be saved.
Furthermore, the standing and aging temperature is 40-85 ℃, and the selection is different according to different manganese salt anions.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to do: the prussian white can be fully reacted by adopting the temperature for standing and aging, the temperature is selected in relation to anions, and partial anions also have coordination capacity to cause substitution coordination of partial crystal lattices, unstable coordination and dissociation are carried out at high temperature, and the crystal lattices are repaired.
Further, washing is carried out by adopting ethanol;
the drying is divided into two stages: firstly, placing the mixture in a vacuum environment at 40-80 ℃, and then placing the mixture in a vacuum environment at more than 100 ℃.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to do: the first drying can remove the adsorbed water and further enhance the crystallinity of the material, and the second high-temperature drying can remove the crystal lattice water and the structural water.
Further, the clear liquid after standing, aging and filtering can be used as mother liquid of the solution C, and at the moment, only the raw material of the ferricyanide is added, and sodium salt does not need to be added again.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention also provides prussian white, which is characterized in that: the composite material is prepared by adopting the synthesis process.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to do: the obtained product has good crystalline structure stability, and has excellent electrochemical performance when being used for a sodium ion battery.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention also provides an application of the Prussian white in the sodium-ion battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of Prussian white obtained in example 1.
Fig. 2 is an XRD pattern of prussian white obtained in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a constant current charge and discharge curve of Prussian white obtained in example 1 at a current density of 30 mA/g.
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of Prussian white obtained in example 2.
Fig. 5 is an XRD pattern of prussian white obtained in example 2.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the charge and discharge curves of Prussian white obtained in example 2.
FIG. 7 is a scanning electron micrograph of Prussian white obtained in example 3.
Fig. 8 is an XRD pattern of prussian white obtained in example 3.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the charge and discharge curves of Prussian white obtained in example 3.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A Prussian white synthesis process comprises the following steps:
s100, adding 20mmol of manganese sulfate monohydrate into 2L of deionized water, and stirring until clear liquid is obtained to form a solution A;
s200, dissolving 20mmol of sodium ferrocyanide in 2L of deionized water, and stirring and clarifying to form a solution B;
s300, adding 142g of sodium sulfate into the solution B to form a solution C;
s400, mixing the solution A and the solution C, stirring for 10min, and stopping stirring to obtain a suspension D;
s500, sealing the suspension D, standing and aging at a constant temperature of 80 ℃ for 24h, naturally cooling, filtering out a precipitate obtained by aging, washing with ethanol once, drying at 60 ℃ for 6h, taking out, and drying at 110 ℃ for 24h to obtain Prussian white.
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of Prussian white obtained in example 1, from which it can be seen that the morphology of the material is relatively regular and the grain size is relatively large;
FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of Prussian white obtained in example 1, and it can be seen from the XRD pattern that the material has an ideal monoclinic structure and good crystallinity; mixing the obtained Prussian white with a conductive agent super-P, Keqin black and a binder PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) according to a ratio of 8:1:1 with NMP (N-methyl pyrrolidone) to prepare a slurry, coating the slurry on an aluminum foil, and drying to obtain a positive electrode plate for a sodium ion battery, wherein metal sodium is used as a counter electrode;
the electrolyte is 1mol/LNaClO 4 The EC (ethylene carbonate) + DEC (diethyl carbonate) + FEC (fluoroethylene carbonate) (volume ratio 1:1:0.02) solution of (1: 1:0.02) and the separator is a glass fiber membrane, and the assembly of the button cell is completed in a glove box with a water content of less than 1ppm under an argon atmosphere.
After the Prussian white obtained in example 1 is used as an electrode material to be assembled into a battery, the battery is charged and discharged at a constant current under the condition that the current density is 30mA/g, and as can be seen from figure 3, the material has high sodium storage capacity, and the specific capacity of the material can reach 135mAh g -1 Thus, it is shown that the synthetic manner and definition described in this example are indeed advantageous.
Example 2
A Prussian white synthesis process comprises the following steps:
s100, adding 1mmol of manganese acetate into 100mL of deionized water, and stirring to obtain a clear solution A;
s200, dissolving 1mmol of sodium ferrocyanide in 100mL of deionized water, and stirring and clarifying to form a solution B;
s300, adding 10g of sodium acetate into the solution B to form a solution C;
s400, mixing the solution A and the solution C, stirring for 10min, and stopping stirring to obtain a suspension D;
s500, sealing the suspension D, standing and aging at a constant temperature for 24h in an environment of 40 ℃, naturally cooling, filtering out a precipitate obtained by aging, washing with ethanol once, drying in an environment of 60 ℃ for 6h, taking out, and drying in an environment of 110 ℃ for 24h to obtain prussian white.
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of Prussian white obtained in example 2, which shows that the morphology of the material is more regular and the grain size is larger;
FIG. 5 is the XRD pattern of Prussian white obtained in example 2, from which it can be seen that the material has an ideal monoclinic structure and good crystallinity;
after the Prussian white obtained in the example 2 is used as an electrode material to be assembled into a battery, constant current charging and discharging are carried out under the condition that the current density is 30mA/g, and as can be seen from figure 6, the material has higher sodium storage capacity, and the specific capacity of the material can reach 145mAh g -1 Thus, it is shown that the synthetic manner and definition described in this example are indeed advantageous.
Example 3
The prussian white synthesis process comprises the following steps:
s100, adding 1mmol of manganese chloride into 100mL of deionized water, and stirring to obtain a clear solution A;
s200, dissolving 1mmol of potassium ferrocyanide in 100mL of deionized water, and stirring for clarification to form a solution B;
s300, adding 15g of sodium chloride into the solution B to form a solution C;
s400, mixing the solution A and the solution C, stirring for 10min, and stopping stirring to obtain a suspension D;
s500, sealing the suspension D, standing and aging at a constant temperature for 24h in an environment of 40 ℃, naturally cooling, filtering out a precipitate obtained by aging, washing with ethanol once, drying in an environment of 60 ℃ for 6h, taking out, and drying in an environment of 110 ℃ for 24h to obtain prussian white.
FIG. 7 is a scanning electron micrograph of Prussian white obtained in example 3, which shows that the morphology of the material is more regular and the grain size is larger;
FIG. 8 is the XRD pattern of Prussian white obtained in example 3, from which it can be seen that the material has an ideal monoclinic structure and good crystallinity;
constant current charge and discharge of Prussian white obtained in example 3 at a current density of 30mA/g are shown in FIG. 9, which shows that the Prussian white hasHigh sodium storage capacity, high specific capacity up to 135mAh g -1 Thus, it is shown that the synthetic manner and definition described in this example are indeed advantageous.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The prussian white synthesis process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s100, dissolving a divalent manganese salt in deionized water, and stirring to obtain a clear solution to form a solution A;
s200, dissolving sodium ferrocyanide or potassium ferrocyanide in deionized water, and stirring and clarifying to form a solution B;
s300, adding sodium salt into the solution B to form a solution C;
s400, mixing the solution A and the solution C to obtain a suspension D;
and S500, sealing the suspension D, standing and aging at a constant temperature, filtering out a precipitate obtained by aging, washing and drying to obtain the Prussian white.
2. The prussian white synthesis process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the divalent manganese salt is manganese acetate, manganese chloride or manganese sulfate.
3. A prussian white synthesis process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the concentration of the solution A is 10 mmol/L-100 mmol/L.
4. A prussian white synthesis process according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the molar concentration of iron cyanide in the solution B is more than or equal to the molar concentration of manganese in the solution A.
5. The prussian white synthesis process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concentration of the sodium salt in the solution C is lower than the saturation concentration of the sodium salt, and the concentration of the sodium salt in the solution C is more than 3 times of the molar concentration of Mn.
6. The prussian white synthesis process according to claim 5, characterized in that: the anion shape selection of the sodium salt is consistent with that of a divalent manganese salt.
7. The prussian white synthesis process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the standing and aging temperature is 40-85 ℃.
8. The prussian white synthesis process according to claim 1, characterized in that:
washing with ethanol;
the drying is divided into two stages: firstly, placing the mixture in a vacuum environment of 40-80 ℃ and then in a vacuum environment of more than 100 ℃.
9. Prussian white, which is characterized in that: the preparation method is characterized by comprising the synthesis process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of the prussian white produced by the synthesis process according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or the prussian white according to claim 9 in a sodium ion battery.
CN202210631344.7A 2022-06-06 2022-06-06 Prussian white synthesis process and application Pending CN114853033A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115504487A (en) * 2022-10-12 2022-12-23 雅迪科技集团有限公司 Preparation method of positive electrode material, positive electrode material and sodium-ion battery
CN115924937A (en) * 2022-09-28 2023-04-07 山东零壹肆先进材料有限公司 Preparation method and application of manganese-based Prussian white material with modified surface
WO2024016444A1 (en) * 2022-07-21 2024-01-25 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 Prussian white wastewater recycling method and use
WO2024036701A1 (en) * 2022-08-15 2024-02-22 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 Method for regulating particle size of prussian white
GB2625849A (en) * 2022-08-15 2024-07-03 Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd Method for regulating size of Prussian white
CN115504487B (en) * 2022-10-12 2024-07-09 雅迪科技集团有限公司 Preparation method of positive electrode material, positive electrode material and sodium ion battery

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110451525A (en) * 2019-08-07 2019-11-15 清华大学 A method of quickly preparing the Prussian blue similar object of monoclinic structure

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110451525A (en) * 2019-08-07 2019-11-15 清华大学 A method of quickly preparing the Prussian blue similar object of monoclinic structure

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024016444A1 (en) * 2022-07-21 2024-01-25 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 Prussian white wastewater recycling method and use
WO2024036701A1 (en) * 2022-08-15 2024-02-22 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 Method for regulating particle size of prussian white
GB2625849A (en) * 2022-08-15 2024-07-03 Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd Method for regulating size of Prussian white
CN115924937A (en) * 2022-09-28 2023-04-07 山东零壹肆先进材料有限公司 Preparation method and application of manganese-based Prussian white material with modified surface
CN115504487A (en) * 2022-10-12 2022-12-23 雅迪科技集团有限公司 Preparation method of positive electrode material, positive electrode material and sodium-ion battery
CN115504487B (en) * 2022-10-12 2024-07-09 雅迪科技集团有限公司 Preparation method of positive electrode material, positive electrode material and sodium ion battery

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