CN114850234A - Forming process of chromium-zirconium-copper contact line - Google Patents
Forming process of chromium-zirconium-copper contact line Download PDFInfo
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- CN114850234A CN114850234A CN202210534229.8A CN202210534229A CN114850234A CN 114850234 A CN114850234 A CN 114850234A CN 202210534229 A CN202210534229 A CN 202210534229A CN 114850234 A CN114850234 A CN 114850234A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
- B21C1/02—Drawing metal wire or like flexible metallic material by drawing machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by drums
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
- B21C1/003—Drawing materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special drawing methods or sequences
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels
- B21C3/02—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forming process of a chromium-zirconium-copper contact line, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the drawing pass n of the chromium zirconium copper finished product meets the following formula:
wherein eta is work hardening index of chromium zirconium copper within 3.5-9, and lambda is ∑ Calculating a formula of the total elongation coefficient, wherein the formula is the cross section area of the blank before drawing/the cross section area of the finished product;
the calculation formula is the average elongation coefficient of the pass
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of copper alloy, and particularly relates to a forming process of a chromium-zirconium-copper contact wire.
Background
The high-speed rail contact line requires high strength and high conductivity, and the length is more than 1500 m. The materials in service at present mainly comprise copper-silver, copper-magnesium and copper-tin alloy, and chromium-zirconium-copper alloy in the test stage. The materials can be suitable for different speed-per-hour designs due to performance reasons such as strength, for example, the strength of the copper-silver alloy is about 350MPa, the conductivity is 97% IACS, and the material is suitable for electrified railways below 200 km/h; the strength of the copper-tin alloy is about 420MPa, and the copper-tin alloy can be suitable for 200-300km/h medium and high speed railways; the strength of the copper-magnesium alloy is about 500MPa, and the copper-magnesium alloy can be suitable for medium and high speed railways below 300 km/h. The chromium-zirconium-copper alloy has the strength of more than 560MPa and the conductivity of more than 75 percent IACS, and is a high-quality scheme applied to contact lines for electrified railways with the speed per hour of more than 350 km.
The development of the domestic chromium-zirconium-copper contact line has gone from the laboratory stage to the industrial production stage, namely, all the performances and indexes of the contact line meet the iron standard TB/T2809-2017, but the large-scale mass production has some problems. The contact line requires 1500m in length, no welding spot, stable performance, good surface quality and the like, so the production process has higher requirements on corresponding matched equipment. The prior proposal generally produces a casting blank by non-vacuum melting with lower cost, and then produces a chromium zirconium copper finished product meeting the performance requirement by cold, hot rolling, solid solution and aging heat treatment and finally drawing and forming. The technological parameters and equipment before the finished product is drawn basically meet the requirements after years of groping, but the finished product drawing still has problems. Compared with copper-magnesium, copper-tin, copper-silver and other alloys, the chromium-zirconium-copper alloy has high strength, obvious work hardening effect and poorer metal plastic flow property, and the conventional finished product drawing process cannot realize the problems of continuous wire breakage of products with the length of more than 1500m, high surface finish, no peeling, no stacking and the like, particularly in double-groove grooves. Therefore, the research on the contact line forming process suitable for the high-strength chromium-zirconium-copper product is imperative.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a forming process of a chromium-zirconium-copper contact wire, which meets the requirements of the contact wire of more than 1500m on continuous line, high surface quality, particularly high surface smoothness, no peeling, no stacking and the like in a double-groove line groove.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a forming process of a chromium-zirconium-copper contact line is characterized by comprising the following steps: the drawing pass n of the drawing of the chromium zirconium copper finished product meets the following formula:
wherein eta is work hardening index of chromium zirconium copper within 3.5-9, and lambda is ∑ Calculating a formula of the total elongation coefficient, wherein the formula is the cross section area of the blank before drawing/the cross section area of the finished product;
the calculation formula is the average elongation coefficient of the pass
The range is 1.1-1.5.
Compared with the traditional drawing empirical formula:
a correction term according to the material properties is added:
the work hardening exponent eta in the formula can reflect the plastic deformation capability of the material, and the chromium-zirconium-copper material belongs to a material with poor plastic deformation capability. Thus introducing a correction term
The pass processing amount can be reasonably distributed according to the plastic property of the chromium-zirconium-copper material, the safety and the reliability under the maximum pass processing amount and the forming success are ensured, the drawing process of the material with poor deformability is corrected and improved, and the tensile stress of the most severe plastic flow part (metal surface) of the material in the forming process is ensured<The yield strength of the material does not generate surface cracking and peeling defects, and the quality of the molding surface is ensured.
Preferably, the drawing pass n is 4-6, and the finished product drawing is carried out by adopting a 4-6 die.
Preferably, when the drawing pass is 4, the pass distribution is as follows in sequence: 1.3-1.5, 1.2-1.4, 1.1-1.2 and 1.1-1.2.
Preferably, when the drawing pass is 5, the pass distribution is as follows in sequence: 1.25-1.4, 1.2-1.37, 1.2-1.3, 1.1-1.17, 1.1-1.2.
Preferably, when the drawing pass is 6, the pass distribution is as follows in sequence: 1.23-1.37, 1.2-1.35, 1.2-1.27, 1.1-1.15, 1.1-1.2.
In order to keep the lubricating effect of the drawing oil on the product and the die, form a stable high-quality oil film and reduce the friction in the drawing process, preferably, the drawing oil is adopted for lubrication in the drawing process, and the kinematic viscosity of the drawing oil is 400-4000 mm- 2 The oil film strength is 500 plus 1500N, the friction coefficient is 0.01-0.2 mu, and the compressive resistance is 500 plus 2500N, so that the surface smoothness of the contact line can be ensured, and the surface stacking and peeling can be reduced.
Preferably, the drawing speed is 10 to 50 m/min. When the drawing speed is less than 10m/min, the efficiency is low for production, and when the speed is less than 10m/min, the drawing force is sensitive to the working condition of equipment, small vibration can cause large fluctuation of the drawing force, the instantaneous drawing force is greater than the yield strength of the material, and the defects of breakage, peeling, cracking and the like are generated; when the drawing speed is more than 50m/min, the drawing deformation heat can not be effectively released, the accumulated heat can cause the movement viscosity of drawing oil to be reduced and the oil film strength to be reduced, the friction between the material and a die is indirectly increased, the accumulated heat is increased to cause lubrication failure, and the material is broken.
Preferably, the chromium-zirconium-copper alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.4-0.9%, Zr: 0.06-0.10%, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the transition die is adopted for pre-deformation in the first pass, the deformation of the upper half part of the chromium-zirconium-copper wire blank needing to be formed into the double grooves is 27-32%, and the deformation of the lower half part of the chromium-zirconium-copper wire blank needing to be formed into the double grooves is 15-20%.
The deformation of the first-pass transition die selects a 'round flattening' mode, the deformation of the upper half part of the chromium-zirconium-copper wire blank needing to be formed into the double grooves can be increased under the condition that the plasticity of the chromium-zirconium-copper material allows, the deformation of the part is moderate and local stress concentration is not generated in the subsequent double groove forming process, the defect that the material is scaly and cracked can be avoided when the local maximum stress load does not exceed the yield strength of the material, and the phenomenon that the material piling and the blank in the die are broken in the drawing process is avoided. In addition, the groove part on the inner surface of the die can be protected from being damaged by stress concentration, and the service life of the die is greatly prolonged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the design scheme of the die matching solves the problem that the contact line is difficult to form due to high work hardening rate of chromium-zirconium-copper, and meets the requirements of no wire breakage, high surface smoothness, no peeling, no stacking and high surface quality of the contact line more than 1500 m.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a finished product of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a transition mold according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a surface photograph of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a surface photograph of a comparative example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
Example 1
Forming CTCZ150 contact line with nominal cross-sectional area of 150mm 2 . The chromium-zirconium-copper blank comprises the following components: 0.8%, Zr: 0.07%, the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities, and the process flow is as follows: semi-continuous casting → hot rolling → cold working → aging heat treatment → drawing of finished product.
According to the formula
The test eta of the blank state is 5.2, the diameter of the feed rod blank is 22.52mm, and the sectional area of the blank is 398.3mm 2 ，λ ∑ ＝2.65，
Taking 1.28 to obtain n of 5, and drawing the finished product by a horizontal cylindrical capstan to continuously carry out a 5-die wire drawing machine.
The die-matching elongation coefficient of each pass is as follows: 1.39, 1.27, 1.22, 1.12, 1.1, wire rod cross-sectional area after each pass: 286.5mm 2 、225.6mm 2 、184.9mm 2 、165.1mm 2 、150.1mm 2 。
In the drawing process, drawing oil is adopted for lubrication, and the kinematic viscosity of the drawing oil is 2100mm 2 The oil film strength is 1120N, the friction coefficient is 0.01 mu, the compressive resistance is 1050N, the drawing speed is 45m/min, the transition die is adopted for predeformation in the first step, the deformation of the upper half part of the chromium-zirconium copper wire blank with the groove is 31 percent, the deformation of the lower half part of the chromium-zirconium copper wire blank with the groove is 19 percent, and the transition die is shown in figure 2.
The forming length is 1680m, and the inner surface of the double-groove-line groove of the formed chromium-zirconium-copper contact line is smooth and has no defects.
Example 2
Forming CTCZ150 contact line with nominal cross-sectional area of 150mm 2 . The chromium-zirconium-copper blank comprises the following components: 0.7%, Zr: 0.08 percent, the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities, and the process flow is as follows: continuous casting → cold working → solid solution → continuous extrusion → cold deformation → aging heat treatment → drawing of finished product.
According to the formula
The blank state test eta is 4.6, the diameter of the feed rod blank is 20.1mm, and the sectional area of the blank is 317mm 2 ，λ ∑ ＝2.16，
Taking 1.25 to obtain n of 4, and drawing a finished product by using a horizontal cylindrical capstan to continuously carry out a 4-die wire drawing machine.
The die-matching elongation coefficient of each pass is as follows: 1.35, 1.2, 1.18, 1.15, the cross-sectional area of the wire rod after each pass: 234.2mm 2 、203.5mm 2 、172.5mm 2 、150.2mm 2 。
In the drawing process, drawing oil is adopted for lubrication, and the kinematic viscosity of the drawing oil is 2000mm 2 The oil film strength is 1000N, the friction coefficient is 0.01 mu, the compressive resistance is 1000N, the drawing speed is 30m/min, the transition die is adopted for predeformation in the first pass, the deformation of the upper half part of the chromium-zirconium copper wire blank with the groove is 28%, the deformation of the lower half part of the chromium-zirconium copper wire blank with the groove is 16%, and the transition die is shown in figure 2.
The forming length is 1720m, the contact line is shown in figure 3, and the inner surface of the double-groove line groove of the formed chromium-zirconium-copper contact line is smooth and has no defects.
Comparative example
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: not according to formula
Distributing drawing passes according to a traditional empirical formula
The design is that the diameter of the blank of the feed rod is 22.52mm, and the sectional area of the blank is 398.3mm 2 ，λ ∑ ＝2.65，
Taking 1.28, obtaining 4 drawing passes n, wherein the die matching elongation coefficient of each pass is as follows: 1.45, 1.34, 1.22 and 1.12, the cross-sectional area of the wire rod after each pass is as follows: 274.7mm 2 、205.0mm 2 、168.0mm 2 、150.1mm 2 And the rest parts are the same, the formed length is 50m, the formed length is broken, the die outlet of the first-pass die is broken, the blank is seriously scalded, the fracture is necked, the blank is transited as shown in figure 4 after die stripping, and the phenomenon of stacking occurs in the double-groove-line groove of the formed chromium-zirconium-copper contact line.
Claims (9)
1. A forming process of a chromium-zirconium-copper contact line is characterized by comprising the following steps: the drawing pass n of the chromium zirconium copper finished product meets the following formula:
wherein eta is work hardening index of chromium zirconium copper in the range of 3.5-9, lambda ∑ Calculating a formula of the total elongation coefficient, wherein the formula is the cross section area of the blank before drawing/the cross section area of the finished product;
the calculation formula is the average elongation coefficient of the pass
The range is 1.1-1.5.
2. The forming process of the chromium zirconium copper contact line of claim 1, wherein: and drawing pass n is 4-6, and drawing of the finished product is performed by adopting a 4-6 die.
3. The forming process of the chromium zirconium copper contact line of claim 2, wherein: when the drawing pass is 4, the pass distribution is as follows in sequence: 1.3-1.5, 1.2-1.4, 1.1-1.2 and 1.1-1.2.
4. The forming process of the chromium zirconium copper contact line of claim 2, wherein: when the drawing pass is 5, the pass distribution is as follows in sequence: 1.25-1.4, 1.2-1.37, 1.2-1.3, 1.1-1.17, 1.1-1.2.
5. The forming process of the chromium zirconium copper contact line of claim 2, wherein: when the drawing pass is 6, the pass distribution is as follows in sequence: 1.23-1.37, 1.2-1.35, 1.2-1.27, 1.1-1.15, 1.1-1.2.
6. The forming process of the chromium zirconium copper contact line of claim 1, wherein: in the drawing process, drawing oil is adopted for lubrication, and the kinematic viscosity of the drawing oil is 400-4000mm 2 The oil film strength is 500-1500N, the friction coefficient is 0.01-0.2 mu, and the compressive resistance is 500-2500N.
7. The forming process of the chromium zirconium copper contact line of claim 1, wherein: the drawing speed is 10-50 m/min.
8. The forming process of the chromium zirconium copper contact line of claim 1, wherein: the chromium-zirconium-copper alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.4-0.9%, Zr: 0.06-0.10%, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities.
9. A process for forming a chromium zirconium copper contact line according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the first pass adopts a transition die to carry out pre-deformation, the deformation of the upper half part of the chromium-zirconium copper wire blank with the groove is 27-32%, and the deformation of the lower half part is 15-20%.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001181811A (en) * | 1999-12-24 | 2001-07-03 | Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd | Method of manufacturing chromium-zirconium-type copper alloy wire |
| CN102607949A (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2012-07-25 | 西安石油大学 | Method for precisely determining hardening index of material |
| CN111519116A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-08-11 | 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 | Preparation method of large-length solderless copper-chromium-zirconium contact line |
| CN111575525A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-08-25 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing Cu-Cr-Zr alloy contact line for electrified railway |
| CN111799035A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-10-20 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Processing technology of chromium-zirconium-copper contact line for high-speed electrified railway |
| CN113894168A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-07 | 烟台万隆真空冶金股份有限公司 | Contact line forming method |
-
2022
- 2022-05-17 CN CN202210534229.8A patent/CN114850234A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001181811A (en) * | 1999-12-24 | 2001-07-03 | Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd | Method of manufacturing chromium-zirconium-type copper alloy wire |
| CN102607949A (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2012-07-25 | 西安石油大学 | Method for precisely determining hardening index of material |
| CN111575525A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-08-25 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing Cu-Cr-Zr alloy contact line for electrified railway |
| CN111519116A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-08-11 | 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 | Preparation method of large-length solderless copper-chromium-zirconium contact line |
| CN111799035A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-10-20 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Processing technology of chromium-zirconium-copper contact line for high-speed electrified railway |
| CN113894168A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-07 | 烟台万隆真空冶金股份有限公司 | Contact line forming method |
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