CN114849599B - Nano-cellulose composite carbon aerogel ball and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Nano-cellulose composite carbon aerogel ball and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN114849599B
CN114849599B CN202210269580.9A CN202210269580A CN114849599B CN 114849599 B CN114849599 B CN 114849599B CN 202210269580 A CN202210269580 A CN 202210269580A CN 114849599 B CN114849599 B CN 114849599B
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cellulose
carbon aerogel
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CN114849599A (en
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曾志辉
张如娜
刘久荣
刘伟
吴莉莉
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Shandong University
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    • B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/0091—Preparation of aerogels, e.g. xerogels
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    • B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/04—Making microcapsules or microballoons by physical processes, e.g. drying, spraying
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • H05K9/0081—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding
    • H05K9/009—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding comprising electro-conductive fibres, e.g. metal fibres, carbon fibres, metallised textile fibres, electro-conductive mesh, woven, non-woven mat, fleece, cross-linked
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    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Abstract

The invention discloses a nano-cellulose composite carbon aerogel ball and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the nano-cellulose derived carbon aerogel ball comprises a carbon aerogel ball matrix and functional fillers distributed in the carbon aerogel ball matrix; the carbon aerogel ball matrix is obtained by carbonizing cellulose nano-fiber and/or cellulose nanocrystalline and/or bacterial nano-cellulose aerogel balls at high temperature.

Description

Nano-cellulose composite carbon aerogel ball and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic wave absorbing materials, and particularly relates to a nano-cellulose composite carbon aerogel sphere, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
With the increasing severity of electromagnetic pollution, electromagnetic wave absorbing materials have become hot research points in recent years due to the application potential of the electromagnetic wave absorbing materials in the fields of stealth technology in the aerospace field and civil electronics. Meanwhile, a new electromagnetic wave absorbing material having "strong absorption, wide band, low density, thin thickness" has been the focus of research. Aerogel is the lightest solid in the world and has application in a plurality of fields as a high-performance structural and functional material. Most of aerogel materials widely applied at present use chemically synthesized materials as matrixes, and have the characteristics of non-recyclability and biodegradability.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a nano-cellulose derived carbon aerogel sphere, a preparation method and an application thereof.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a nano-cellulose derived carbon aerogel sphere, which comprises a carbon aerogel sphere matrix and functional fillers distributed in the carbon aerogel sphere matrix;
the carbon aerogel ball matrix is prepared by carbonizing cellulose nano-fibers, cellulose nano-crystals or/and bacterial nano-cellulose aerogel balls at high temperature.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of the nanocellulose-derived carbon aerogel spheres, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing the nano-cellulose dispersion liquid and the functional filler dispersion liquid to obtain a mixed liquid;
dripping the obtained mixed solution into liquid nitrogen to obtain an ice ball;
and (4) freeze-drying the ice ball, and sintering at high temperature in an inert atmosphere to obtain a target product.
In a third aspect, the invention provides an application of the nano-cellulose derived carbon aerogel sphere as an electromagnetic wave absorbing material or a dye adsorbent.
The beneficial effects achieved by one or more of the embodiments of the invention are as follows:
the nano-cellulose composite carbon aerogel sphere provided by the invention takes nano-cellulose as a matrix, has good lightweight property, mechanical strength and biodegradability, and is a green and environment-friendly material.
The nano-cellulose is introduced, so that the agglomeration of functional fillers can be effectively adjusted, and the electromagnetic parameters are regulated and controlled and impedance matching is optimized by utilizing the different appearances of the nano-cellulose formed under the dripping and freezing condition; due to the two factors, the nano-cellulose composite carbon aerogel spheres are beneficial to the entering of electromagnetic waves, and different dissipation mechanisms can be fully utilized at the same time, so that better absorption performance is obtained.
The nano-cellulose composite carbon aerogel ball structure not only has larger surface area, but also is beneficial to forming a conductive network, thereby generating micro-current and increasing the conductance loss when electromagnetic waves are incident. In addition, the large number of interfaces between the functional filler material and the nanocellulose provides a large number of sites for interface polarization loss under an electromagnetic field, further increasing dielectric loss. The nanocellulose composite carbon aerogel spheres thus exhibit excellent microwave absorption properties. At the same time, the large specific surface area also means that it can be applied in the field of dye adsorption.
The nano-cellulose composite carbon aerogel spheres are obtained by means of dripping and freezing and heat treatment in an inert atmosphere, parameters in the preparation process are controllable, the process is simple, the cost is low, the nano-cellulose composite carbon aerogel spheres are suitable for industrial production, the preparation efficiency of composite materials is high, and the material utilization rate is high.
The macro and micro appearance, electromagnetic parameters, wave-absorbing performance and the like of the prepared nano-cellulose composite carbon aerogel sphere can be easily adjusted by adjusting parameters in the preparation process. The method is beneficial to preparing the wave-absorbing material suitable for different environments and widening the use scene of the material.
The composite material ice ball prepared by the dripping freezing technology is subjected to freeze drying and heat treatment to prepare the wave-absorbing material, the obtained nano-cellulose has different appearances at different concentrations, and then the micro-appearance of the composite material aerogel ball is effectively adjusted, the obtained nano-cellulose has a larger length-diameter ratio, so that the functional filling material can be uniformly distributed in the nano-cellulose matrix, and the interface loss of electromagnetic waves when the electromagnetic waves are in contact with the material is increased.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention to the proper forms disclosed herein.
Fig. 1 is an optical image of cellulose nanofiber composite reduced graphene oxide carbon aerogel spheres provided in example 1;
fig. 2 is a scanning electron microscope picture of the cellulose nanofiber composite reduced graphene oxide aerogel spheres provided in example 1;
fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope picture of the aerogel spheres after carbonization of the cellulose nanofiber composite graphene oxide provided in example 2;
fig. 4 is a scanning electron microscope picture of cellulose nanofiber composite reduced graphene oxide carbon aerogel spheres provided in example 3;
fig. 5 is a scanning electron microscope image of the cellulose nanofiber composite MXene carbon aerogel spheres provided in example 6;
fig. 6 is a scanning electron microscope image of the cellulose nanofiber composite MXene carbon aerogel spheres provided in example 7;
fig. 7 is a reflection loss graph of cellulose nanofiber composite reduced graphene oxide carbon aerogel spheres in example 1-2 of the present invention during absorption; wherein a1 and a2 are a 3D reflection loss map and a 2D reflection loss projection map of embodiment 1; b1 and b2 are a 3D reflection loss map and a 2D reflection loss projection map of the embodiment 2.
FIG. 8 is a graph of reflection loss during absorption of cellulose nanofiber composite MXene carbon aerogel spheres in examples 6-8 of the present invention; wherein a1 and a2 are a 3D reflection loss map and a 2D reflection loss projection map of embodiment 6; b1 and b2 are a 3D reflection loss graph and a 2D reflection loss projection map of the embodiment 7; c1 and c2 are a 3D reflection loss map and a 2D reflection loss projection map of the embodiment 8.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the comparison of the adsorption of the dye in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a nano-cellulose derived carbon aerogel sphere, which comprises a carbon aerogel sphere matrix and functional fillers distributed in the carbon aerogel sphere matrix;
the carbon aerogel ball matrix is obtained by carbonizing cellulose nano-fiber and/or cellulose nano-crystal and/or bacteria nano-cellulose aerogel balls at high temperature.
In some embodiments, the functional filler is selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires, copper nanowires, gold nanowires, carbon fibers, graphene, metal carbides, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, carbon black, or a combination of one or more of mxexens.
Preferably, the functional filler is selected from one, two or three of carbon nanotubes, graphene and Mxenes.
Further preferably, the carbon nanotubes are selected from single-walled carbon nanotubes, double-walled carbon nanotubes or multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
Preferably, the mass percent of the functional filler is 0.1-80%, preferably 0.1-50%.
E.g., 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 23%, 25%, 28%, 30%, 32%, 35%, 38%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, or 78%, and specific point values therebetween.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of the nanocellulose-derived carbon aerogel spheres, which comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing the nano-cellulose dispersion liquid and the functional filler dispersion liquid to obtain a mixed liquid;
dripping the obtained mixed solution into liquid nitrogen to obtain ice balls;
and (3) freeze-drying the ice ball, and sintering at high temperature in an inert atmosphere to obtain a target product.
Cellulose is a green polymer, is a valuable natural renewable resource, and has good degradability and biocompatibility. In addition, the cellulose material can be converted into an electron conductive carbon material having a high specific surface area and a rich pore structure using a simple carbonization process. Functional fillers such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers and the like are taken as conductive materials, and become a research hotspot in the field of wave absorption. However, the nano-filler has the defects of low concentration, poor dispersion, weak interface bonding capability, easy agglomeration and the like. The cellulose is used as the dispersoid to disperse the functional filler, so that the filler can be effectively prevented from being accumulated, and better wave-absorbing performance is obtained.
Compared with the existing composite aerogel material, the nano-cellulose composite carbon aerogel material has the advantages that the electromagnetic wave loss capacity is improved, meanwhile, impedance matching is considered, and under the condition of lower filling amount, stronger wave absorption loss and wider effective absorption bandwidth are realized. Compared with the traditional powder wave-absorbing material, the wave-absorbing material has the advantages of simple preparation method, low cost and energy consumption, environmental protection and the like.
In order to ensure good dispersing performance, the nano-cellulose dispersion liquid and the functional filler dispersion liquid can be uniformly dispersed by means of magnetic stirring or ultrasound and the like.
In some embodiments, the mass percent of dispersoids in the nanocellulose dispersion is 0.1 to 10wt%.
For example, 0.2wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.6wt%, 0.8wt%, 1.2wt%, 2.2wt%, 2.4wt%, 3wt%, 2.2wt%, 4wt%, 4.2wt%, 5wt%, 5.2wt%, 6wt%, 6.2wt%, 6.5wt%, 6.8wt%, 7wt%, 7.2wt%, 7.8wt%, 8wt%, 8.2 wt%, 8.4wt%, 8.6wt%, 8.8wt%, 9.2wt%, or 9.9wt%, as well as specific points between the above-mentioned point values.
Preferably, the nanocellulose is cellulose nanofiber or/and cellulose nanocrystal.
In some embodiments, the mass percent of dispersoids in the functional filler dispersion is 0.1 to 10 weight percent.
For example, 0.2wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.6wt%, 0.8wt%, 1.2wt%, 2.2wt%, 2.4wt%, 3wt%, 2.2wt%, 4wt%, 4.2wt%, 5wt%, 5.2wt%, 6wt%, 6.2wt%, 6.5wt%, 6.8wt%, 7wt%, 7.2wt%, 7.8wt%, 8wt%, 8.2 wt%, 8.4wt%, 8.6wt%, 8.8wt%, 9.2wt%, or 9.9wt%, as well as specific points between the above-mentioned point values.
Preferably, the functional filler is selected from one or more of carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires, copper nanowires, gold nanowires, carbon fibers, graphene, metal carbides, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, carbon black, or mxexes in combination.
Preferably, the functional filler is selected from one, two or three of carbon nanotubes, graphene and Mxenes.
In some embodiments, the dropping rate is 0.1-5mL/min, preferably 1mL/min, 1.2mL/min, 1.4mL/min, 1.6mL/min, 1.8mL/min, 2.0mL/min, 2.2 mL/min, 2.4mL/min, 2.6mL/min, 2.8mL/min, 3.0mL/min, 3.4 mL/min, 3.8mL/min, 4.0mL/min, 4.2mL/min, 4.4mL/min, 4.6 mL/min, 4.8mL/min, or 4.9mL/min, and specific dot values therebetween. Too slow dropping speed requires too long time, which wastes resources, too fast dropping speed ice balls are easy to gather together, which is not beneficial to shape regulation, therefore, the dropping speed is preferably 0.1-1.5mL/min.
In some embodiments, the temperature of the freeze drying is-60 ℃ to-10 ℃ and the time is 8 to 48 h, preferably 8 to 36 hours, and the aerogel balls are not formed when the freeze drying time is too short, and the resource waste is caused when the freeze drying time is too long. For example, the time of freeze-drying may be 9h, 12h, 14h, 16h, 18h, 20h, 22h, 25h, 27h, 30h, 32h, 34h, 36h, 38h, 40h, 44h, or 47h, and specific points therebetween.
In some embodiments, the high temperature sintering temperature is 400-800 ℃ and the time is 60-120 min. For example, the temperature of the high-temperature sintering is 450 ℃, 500 ℃, 550 ℃, 580 ℃, 600 ℃, 620 ℃, 650 ℃, 680 ℃, 700 ℃, 730 ℃, 750 ℃, 780 ℃, or 785 ℃, and specific values therebetween. The high-temperature sintering time is 60min, 70min, 80 min, 90min, 100min, 119min and the like, and specific values therebetween. When the sintering temperature is too low, the nanocellulose matrix is difficult to form a conductive network, and when the temperature is too high, the structure of the composite material can be damaged.
Preferably, the inert atmosphere is one, a mixture of two or three of argon, nitrogen or helium.
Preferably, the heating rate during high-temperature sintering is 1 to 10 ℃/min. Such as 1.2 ℃/min, 1.5 ℃/min, 2 ℃/min, 2.5 ℃/min, 3 ℃/min, 3.2 ℃/min, 3.8 ℃/min, 4 ℃/min, 4.5 ℃/min, 5 ℃/min, 5.5 ℃/min, 6 ℃/min, 6.6 ℃/min, 7 ℃/min, 7.8 ℃/min, 8 ℃/min, 8.2 ℃/min, 8.7 ℃/min, 9 ℃/min, 9.5 ℃/min, or 9.9 ℃/min, as well as specific point values therebetween. Too high temperature rise rate can cause uneven heating of the material, which is not beneficial to carbonization of the material; too low a temperature rise rate can result in energy waste.
In a third aspect, the invention provides an application of the nano-cellulose derived carbon aerogel spheres as an electromagnetic wave absorbing material or a dye adsorbent.
In some embodiments, the nanocellulose-derived carbon aerogel spheres are used as a 2-18 GHz electromagnetic wave absorbing material or methyl orange adsorbent.
Examples 1 to 5
A cellulose nanofiber graphene composite carbon aerogel sphere is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Mixing functional filler graphene with water, wherein the concentration of graphene is 0.5wt%, assisting the graphene to disperse through a magnetic stirrer, stirring for 0.5h, and uniformly mixing to obtain a dispersion liquid I;
(2) Mixing and dispersing cellulose and water to obtain a dispersion liquid II with the cellulose content of 0.5 wt%;
(3) Mixing the dispersion liquid I obtained in the step (1) and the dispersion liquid II obtained in the step (2) according to a proportion, and uniformly stirring and dispersing the mixture, wherein the specific mixing ratio is shown in the following table 1, so as to obtain water dispersion liquids with different graphene concentrations, and the specific mixing ratio is shown in the following table 1;
(4) Dropwise adding the aqueous dispersion obtained in the step (3) by using an automatic dropwise adding instrument at a dropwise adding rate of 1mL/min to obtain cellulose nanofiber graphene ice balls, fishing out the ice balls, and drying in a freeze dryer at-60 ℃ for 12h to obtain cellulose nanofiber graphene aerogel balls;
(5) And (3) heating the cellulose nanofiber graphene aerogel balls obtained in the step (4) to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, and preserving the heat for 120min to obtain a reduced graphene oxide carbon aerogel ball material, wherein an optical picture of the bio-based foam material provided in the example 1 is shown in fig. 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003554080660000091
Figure BDA0003554080660000101
As can be seen from the preparation steps and table 1, in the graphene oxide-cellulose nanofiber aerogel spheres provided in embodiments 1 to 5, cellulose nanofiber composite carbon aerogel spheres with different micro morphologies are obtained by adjusting the volume ratio of the dispersion liquid I to the dispersion liquid II, and the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the material is further adjusted.
Fig. 1 is an optical image of cellulose nanofiber composite reduced graphene oxide carbon aerogel spheres provided in example 1, and it can be seen from the image that after high-temperature sintering, the material can still keep a spherical shape, which indicates that the material has certain mechanical properties;
fig. 2 is a scanning electron microscope picture of the cellulose nanofiber composite reduced graphene oxide aerogel spheres provided in example 1;
fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope picture of the aerogel spheres after carbonization of the cellulose nanofiber composite graphene oxide provided in example 2;
fig. 4 is a scanning electron microscope picture of the cellulose nanofiber composite reduced graphene oxide carbon aerogel sphere provided in example 3.
As can be seen from fig. 1 to 4, the microscopic morphology of the carbon aerogel spheres changes significantly with different proportions of the cellulose nanofibers and the functional filler, which indicates that the method can control the microstructure of the carbon aerogel, and is also beneficial to further regulating and controlling the wave absorption performance of the material.
Fig. 7 is a reflection loss chart of the cellulose nanofiber composite reduced graphene oxide carbon aerogel spheres in example 1-2 of the present invention during absorption. As can be seen from FIG. 7, due to the difference of the microstructures of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, under the same condition, the embodiment 1 has better wave-absorbing performance, the minimum reflection loss can reach-48.3 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth can reach 6.8 GHz. The wave absorbing performance of the material can be controlled by the difference of the microstructure appearance of the material.
Examples 6 to 10
A cellulose nanofiber Mxene composite carbon aerogel ball is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Mixing a functional filler Mxene with water, wherein the concentration of the Mxene is 0.5wt%, using a magnetic stirrer to assist graphene to disperse, stirring for 0.5h, and uniformly mixing to obtain a dispersion liquid I;
(2) Mixing and dispersing cellulose and water to obtain a dispersion liquid II with the cellulose content of 0.2 wt%;
(3) Mixing the dispersion liquid I obtained in the step (1) and the dispersion liquid II obtained in the step (2) according to a proportion, stirring and uniformly dispersing the mixture, wherein the specific mixing ratio is shown in the following table 2, so as to obtain water dispersion liquids with different Mxene concentrations, and the specific mixing ratio is shown in the following table 2;
(4) Dropwise adding the water dispersion obtained in the step (3) by using an automatic dropwise adding instrument at the dropwise adding speed of 1mL/min to obtain cellulose nanofiber Mxene ice balls, fishing out the ice balls, and drying in a freeze dryer at the temperature of-60 ℃ for 12h to obtain cellulose nanofiber Mxene aerogel balls;
(5) And (3) under the protection of nitrogen, heating the cellulose nanofiber Mxene aerogel balls obtained in the step (4) at the speed of 2 ℃/min to 500 ℃, and preserving the heat for 60min to obtain the reduced oxidized Mxene carbon aerogel ball material.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0003554080660000111
Figure BDA0003554080660000121
As can be seen from the above preparation steps and table 2, in the MXene-cellulose nanofiber aerogel spheres provided in examples 6 to 10, by adjusting the volume ratio of the dispersion liquid I to the dispersion liquid II, cellulose nanofiber MXene composite carbon aerogel spheres with different micro-morphologies are obtained, and the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the material is further adjusted.
Fig. 5 is a scanning electron microscope image of the cellulose nanofiber composite MXene carbon aerogel spheres provided in example 6;
fig. 6 is a scanning electron microscope image of the cellulose nanofiber composite MXene carbon aerogel spheres provided in example 7;
as can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, the cellulose nanofibers and the MXene functional filler have different proportions, which causes different microstructures of the two aerogel spheres, and the method can control the microstructure of the carbon aerogel, which is also beneficial to further regulating and controlling the wave-absorbing performance of the material.
Fig. 8 is a graph of reflection loss when cellulose nanofiber composite MXene carbon aerogel spheres of examples 6 to 8 of the present invention absorb light. From fig. 8, it can be seen that the carbon aerogel spheres obtained by the dripping freezing method have good wave-absorbing performance, and the wave-absorbing performance can be realized by regulating and controlling the microstructure of the material.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing the adsorption performance test of cellulose nanofiber composite rGO carbon aerogel spheres in example 2 of the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that the color of the dye aqueous solution becomes lighter after the cellulose carbon aerogel spheres are put into the dye aqueous solution, which shows that the cellulose nanofiber composite rGO carbon aerogel spheres prepared in example 2 have better adsorption performance on methyl orange.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1. A nano-cellulose derived carbon aerogel ball is characterized in that: comprises a carbon aerogel ball matrix and functional fillers distributed in the carbon aerogel ball matrix;
the carbon aerogel ball matrix is obtained by carbonizing cellulose nano-fibers, cellulose nanocrystals or/and bacterial nano-cellulose aerogel balls at high temperature;
the preparation method of the nano-cellulose derived carbon aerogel ball comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing the nano-cellulose dispersion liquid and the functional filler dispersion liquid to obtain a mixed liquid; the mass percent of the dispersoid in the nano cellulose dispersion liquid is 0.1 to 10wt percent; the functional filler accounts for 0.1-80% by mass;
dropwise adding the obtained mixed solution into liquid nitrogen by using an automatic dropwise adding instrument to obtain an ice ball; the dropping speed is 0.1-5 mL/min;
and (4) freeze-drying the ice ball, and sintering at high temperature in an inert atmosphere to obtain a target product.
2. The nanocellulose-derived carbon aerogel sphere of claim 1, wherein: the functional filler is selected from one or more of carbon nano tubes, silver nano wires, silver micro wires, copper nano wires, copper micro wires, gold nano wires, gold micro wires, carbon fibers, graphene, metal carbide, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, carbon black or Mxenes.
3. The nanocellulose-derived carbon aerogel sphere of claim 2, wherein: the functional filler is selected from one, two or three of carbon nano tubes, graphene and Mxenes; the functional filler is 0.1-50% by mass.
4. The nanocellulose-derived carbon aerogel sphere of claim 3, wherein: the carbon nanotube is selected from single-walled carbon nanotube, double-walled carbon nanotube or multi-walled carbon nanotube.
5. The nanocellulose-derived carbon aerogel sphere of claim 1, wherein: the nano-cellulose is cellulose nano-fiber or/and cellulose nano-crystal.
6. The nanocellulose-derived carbon aerogel sphere of claim 1, wherein: the mass percent of the dispersoid in the functional filler dispersion liquid is 0.1 to 10wt%.
7. The nanocellulose-derived carbon aerogel sphere of claim 1, wherein: the dropping rate is 0.1-1.5mL/min.
8. The nanocellulose-derived carbon aerogel sphere of claim 1, characterized by: the temperature of freeze drying is-60 to-10 ℃, and the time is 8 to 48 hours.
9. The nano-cellulose-derived carbon aerogel sphere of claim 8, wherein: the freeze drying time is 8-36h.
10. The nanocellulose-derived carbon aerogel sphere of claim 1, characterized by: the temperature of the high-temperature sintering is 400 to 800 ℃, and the time is 60 to 120 min.
11. The nanocellulose-derived carbon aerogel sphere of claim 10, wherein: the inert atmosphere is one, two or three of argon, nitrogen or helium;
the heating rate during high-temperature sintering is 1 to 10 ℃/min.
12. Use of the nanocellulose-derived carbon aerogel spheres of claim 1 or 2 as an electromagnetic wave absorbing material or dye adsorbent.
13. Use according to claim 12, characterized in that: the nano-cellulose derived carbon aerogel spheres are applied to 2-18 GHz electromagnetic wave absorption materials;
or the application of the adsorbent as methyl orange adsorbent.
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