CN114847913B - Bioelectrical impedance tomography device and bioelectrical impedance tomography method - Google Patents
Bioelectrical impedance tomography device and bioelectrical impedance tomography method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 210000002417 xiphoid bone Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002593 electrical impedance tomography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002595 magnetic resonance imaging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000000115 thoracic cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
- A61B5/0536—Impedance imaging, e.g. by tomography
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical appliances, and particularly relates to a bioelectrical impedance tomography device and a bioelectrical impedance tomography method. The device comprises a flexible belt, wherein the flexible belt is provided with equal numbers of electrodes and inertial sensors, and the electrodes and the inertial sensors are arranged in pairs. The imaging method of the invention utilizes the distance between the inertial sensors and the included angle between the inertial sensors and the gravity direction to determine the coordinates of the electrodes, calculates the distance between the electrodes, determines the thoracic cage of the detected patient, and then uses the electrodes to carry out bioelectrical impedance tomography detection. The invention can effectively simplify the bioelectrical impedance tomography process, improve the efficiency, reduce the cost and has good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical appliances, and particularly relates to a bioelectrical impedance tomography device and a bioelectrical impedance tomography method.
Background
Bioelectrical impedance tomography (Electrical Impedance Tomography, EIT) technology is a novel medical function imaging technology, and the principle of the technology is that safe excitation current is applied to the surface of a human body, voltage response values of other electrodes are measured, and the internal electrical impedance value or the change value of the electrical impedance of the human body is reconstructed according to the relation between the voltage and the current. Compared with X-ray and MRI, the imaging method has the characteristics of no radiation and real time, and can be used for monitoring beside a bed for a long time.
EIT is used for pulmonary ventilation imaging by a series of electrodes (e.g., 16 or 32) equally spaced around the patient's chest, one pair of electrodes being excitation electrodes and the other electrodes being detection electrodes to obtain a set of data, and switching the excitation and detection electrodes through a switching circuit to estimate electrical impedance distribution and algorithmically effect image reconstruction of pulmonary ventilation. Such reconstruction algorithms are usually based on the treatment of the chest contours as circular or elliptical, but the actual situation is: the outline of the chest of the human body is irregular; the ribcage varies from person to person. Thus causing no small deviation in the image reconstruction.
To overcome the above problems, it is common to input a priori chest contours, such as X-ray, CT or MRI scan images of the chest of a patient in advance, and to determine the chest boundaries of the patient therefrom, in combination with impedance imaging. But when the patient breathes poorly or an emergency occurs, imaging examination is inconvenient. Therefore, there is a need in the art for a simpler and faster method for determining the thoracic boundary, and thus for smooth impedance imaging.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a bioelectrical impedance tomography device and a bioelectrical impedance tomography method, and aims to realize the determination of the thoracic boundary by a simpler and faster method in bioelectrical impedance tomography.
The bioelectrical impedance tomography device comprises a flexible belt, wherein the flexible belt is provided with equal numbers of electrodes and inertial sensors, and the electrodes and the inertial sensors are arranged in pairs.
Preferably, the flexible belt is provided with an electrode buckle, the electrode is connected with the flexible belt through the electrode buckle, and the inertial sensor is arranged in the electrode buckle.
Preferably, the number of the electrodes and the inertial sensors is 8 to 64 respectively.
Preferably, the number of the electrodes and the inertial sensors is 16 respectively.
Preferably, the adjacent electrodes on the flexible belt are equidistant.
Preferably, the distance between adjacent electrodes on the flexible belt is 1 cm-15 cm.
Preferably, the distances between adjacent inertial sensors on the flexible belt are equal.
Preferably, the distance between adjacent inertial sensors on the flexible belt is 1 cm-15 cm.
Preferably, the electrode is an electrocardio electrode plate.
Preferably, the inertial sensor is selected from a gyroscope, a uniaxial acceleration sensor, a biaxial acceleration sensor, a triaxial acceleration sensor or an inclination sensor.
The invention also provides a method for imaging by using the bioelectrical impedance tomography device, which comprises the steps of determining the coordinates of the electrodes by using the distance between the inertial sensors and the included angle between the inertial sensors and the gravity direction, calculating the distance between the electrodes, determining the thoracic cage of a detected patient, and then using the electrodes for bioelectrical impedance tomography detection.
Preferably, the coordinates of the electrodes are determined as follows:
1) The first electrode was attached under the xiphoid process, and the coordinates were noted as (x 1, y 1);
2) The second electrode has coordinates of (x1+r1×sin θ) 1 ,y1-r1+r1×sinθ 1 )，
Wherein r1 is arc length d and central angle theta 1 The value of d is the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode on the flexible belt, theta 1 The value of the angle alpha between the inertial sensor corresponding to the second electrode and the gravity direction is obtained by detection 2 ；
3) From the third electrode, the nth electrode has a coordinate of (x n-1 +180×d×(sinα n -sinα n-1 )/((α n -α n-1 )×π)，y n-1 +180×d×(cosα n -cosα n-1 )/((α n -α n-1 )×π))，
Wherein x is n-1 ，y n-1 Is the coordinates of the n-1 th electrode, alpha n And an included angle with the gravity direction is provided for the sensor corresponding to the nth electrode.
In the bioelectrical impedance tomography device, the detection and calculation of the thoracic cage of the patient are realized through the inertial sensors which are arranged in pairs with the electrodes. Thereby saving the trouble that the prior bioelectrical impedance tomography technology needs to detect the chest of the patient by using X-ray, CT or MRI scanning images in advance. The invention can effectively simplify the bioelectrical impedance tomography process, improve the efficiency, reduce the cost and has good application prospect.
It should be apparent that, in light of the foregoing, various modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
The above-described aspects of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments in the form of examples. It should not be understood that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples only. All techniques implemented based on the above description of the invention are within the scope of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of a bioelectrical impedance tomography apparatus of embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the bioelectrical impedance tomography apparatus of embodiment 1 with electrodes removed;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the bioelectrical impedance tomography apparatus of embodiment 1 with electrodes removed;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the single axis accelerometer of example 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of example 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the reference points in example 2;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of determining coordinates of a first reference point and a second reference point in embodiment 2.
Wherein, 1-flexible belt, 2-electrode button, 3-electrode, 301-first reference point, 302-second reference point, 303-third reference point, 4-inertial sensor.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the embodiments, algorithms of steps such as data acquisition, transmission, storage, and processing, which are not specifically described, and hardware structures, circuit connections, and the like, which are not specifically described may be implemented through the disclosure of the prior art.
Example 1 bioelectrical impedance tomography apparatus
The bioelectrical impedance tomography device of the embodiment is shown in fig. 1-3, and comprises a flexible belt 1 provided with 16 electrode buckles 2, in the embodiment, the distance between adjacent electrode buckles 2 is equal, the size is set to d, the value of d can be selected from 1 cm-15 cm, and in the embodiment, the value of d is preferably 5cm.
In the embodiment, the number of the electrodes 3 is 16, the electrodes 3 are electrocardio electrode plates, and the electrocardio electrode plates are fixed on the flexible belt 1 through the electrode buckles 2 and are directly adhered to the surface of a human body when in use.
An inertial sensor 4 is further disposed in the electrode holder 2, and in this embodiment, a single-axis accelerometer is used as the inertial sensor for providing an angle between the axial direction and the gravity direction (an angle α between the y-axis and the gravity g in fig. 4). Since the position of the active portion of the electrode 3 can be regarded as being equivalent to the position of the inertial sensor 4. Therefore, the angle can be used as the angle between the electrode 3 and the gravity direction.
The flexible band 1 in this embodiment is a soft and breathable fabric, and when the electrode 3 is adhered to the surface of the human body, it should be ensured that the flexible band 1 stretches without wrinkles or protrusions.
Example 2 bioelectrical impedance tomography method
The bioelectrical impedance tomography device according to embodiment 1 is used for imaging, and the working process is as shown in fig. 5, specifically:
and determining the coordinates of the electrodes 3 by utilizing the distance d between the inertial sensors 4 on the flexible belt 1 and the included angle between the inertial sensors and the gravity direction, calculating the distance between the electrodes 3, determining the thoracic cage of the detected patient, and then performing bioelectrical impedance tomography detection by using the electrodes 3.
The coordinates of the electrode 3 are determined as follows:
as shown in fig. 6, after each electrode 3 is adhered to the chest surface of the human body, the position of the inertial sensor 4 is also fixed, so that the electrodes 3 are all in the same plane, i.e., the gravity plane (i.e., the vertical plane).
A first inertial sensor at one end of the flexible strip 1 is taken as a first reference point 301. The distance between the first reference point and the second inertial sensor (second point reference point 302) adjacent to the first reference point 301 is the distance d between the electrode buttons 2.
The flexible belt 1 which surrounds the chest cavity is generally regarded as a plane shape, and the inertial sensor 4 is a gyroscope, a single-axis or double-axis triaxial acceleration sensor, an inclination sensor or the like. As shown in fig. 4, each inertial sensor 4 has its own coordinate system, and the inclination angle can be obtained by the difference between the gravitational acceleration and its own coordinate system.
The following coordinate system refers to a planar coordinate system of an irregular image formed by the electrode 3: the X axis is directed horizontally to the right and the Y axis is directed vertically upwards. The positioning of the second reference point 302 (i.e. the second electrode) and the third reference point 303 (i.e. the third electrode) is illustrated in fig. 7.
In this embodiment, the first reference point 301 is attached under the xiphoid process, and the direction of gravitational acceleration coincides with its own y-axis coordinate, which is at zero inclination angle, and its sitting mark is (x 1, y 1).
The inertial sensor 4 of the second reference point 302 correspondingly outputs an included angle alpha between the gravity acceleration and the y axis of the coordinate system of the inertial sensor, when the acceleration is selected, the gravity acceleration gy of the y axis of the coordinate system is selected, and the angle alpha=arccos (gy/g); when the inclination angle sensor or the angle sensor is selected, the size of the included angle can be directly output. Calculating alpha, which is the deflection angle from the first reference point 301 (direction of gravitational acceleration) 2 Values. Then, the first reference point 301 is taken as a starting point, the distance (arc length) between the first reference point 301 and the second reference point 302 is d, and the central angle corresponding to the arc length d is θ 1 ,θ 1 Size and alpha 2 The sizes are the same. The corresponding radius r1 of the arc length of the segment is obtained, and r1=180×d/(theta) 1 X pi). The arc corresponds to the central angular coordinate (x 1, y1-r 1) the coordinates (x1+r1 xsinθ) of the second reference point 302 are calculated 1 ,y1-r1+r1×cosθ 1 )。
Coordinates (x 2, y 2) of the second reference point 302 are located and coordinates (x 3, y 3) of the third reference point 303 are determined. The second inertial sensor 4 outputs an angle alpha to the gravitational acceleration 2 The third inertial sensor 4 outputs an angle alpha with respect to the gravitational acceleration 3 Then the central angle θ corresponding to the arc formed by the second reference point 302 and the third reference point 303 2 Is (alpha) 3 -α 2 ) Knowing the arc length d, the radius r2=180×d/(θ) 2 X pi). The central angular coordinate (x 2-r2 xsin alpha) corresponding to the second arc 2 ,y2-r2×cosα 2 ) Simply denoted as (x 0, y 0) to calculate a third coordinate (x0+r2×sinα 3 ,y0+r2×cosα 3 )。
Similarly, the coordinate values of the other electrodes with respect to the first reference point 301 are determined. The nth electrode has a coordinate of (x n-1 +180×d×(sinα n -sinα n-1 )/((α n -α n-1 )×π)，y n-1 +180×d×
(cosα n -cosα n-1 )/((α n -α n-1 )×π))，
Wherein x is n-1 ，y n-1 Is the coordinates of the n-1 th electrode, alpha n And an included angle with the gravity direction is provided for the sensor corresponding to the nth electrode.
Further, the actual linear distance L between two adjacent electrodes can be obtained 2 ＝(x n -x n+1 ) 2 +(y n -y n+1 ) 2 。
The contour of the actual formation of the electrode 3 (i.e. the patient's thorax) can thus be determined.
According to the embodiment, the novel bioelectrical impedance tomography device and the imaging method are provided, the thoracic cage of the patient can be determined by a simple and rapid method, and the problem that the thoracic cage needs to be determined by other imaging methods in the prior art is avoided. The invention can effectively simplify the bioelectrical impedance tomography process, improve the efficiency, reduce the cost and has good application prospect.
Claims (9)
1. A bioelectrical impedance tomography apparatus, characterized in that: the sensor comprises a flexible belt (1), wherein the flexible belt (1) is provided with equal numbers of electrodes (3) and inertial sensors (4), and the electrodes (3) and the inertial sensors (4) are arranged in pairs;
the flexible belt (1) is provided with an electrode buckle (2), the electrode (3) is connected with the flexible belt through the electrode buckle (2), and the inertial sensor (4) is arranged inside the electrode buckle (2).
2. Bioelectrical impedance tomography apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the number of the electrodes (3) and the inertial sensors (4) is 8-64 respectively.
3. Bioelectrical impedance tomography apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the distances between adjacent electrodes (3) on the flexible belt (1) are equal.
4. A bioelectrical impedance tomography apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the distance between adjacent electrodes (3) on the flexible belt (1) is 1 cm-15 cm.
5. Bioelectrical impedance tomography apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the distances between adjacent inertial sensors (4) on the flexible belt (1) are equal.
6. Bioelectrical impedance tomography apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the electrode (3) is an electrocardio electrode plate.
7. Bioelectrical impedance tomography apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the inertial sensor (4) is selected from a gyroscope, a uniaxial acceleration sensor, a biaxial acceleration sensor, a triaxial acceleration sensor or an inclination sensor.
8. A method of imaging with the bioelectrical impedance tomography apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: and determining the coordinates of the electrodes by utilizing the distance between the inertial sensors and the included angle between the inertial sensors and the gravity direction, calculating the distance between the electrodes, determining the thoracic cage of the detected patient, and then performing bioelectrical impedance tomography detection by using the electrodes.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein: the coordinates of the electrodes are determined as follows:
1) The first electrode was attached under the xiphoid process, and the coordinates were noted as (x 1, y 1);
2) The second electrode has coordinates of (x1+r1×sin θ) 1 , y1-r1+ r1×sinθ 1 ），
Wherein r1 is arc length d and central angle theta 1 The value of d is the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode on the flexible belt,θ 1 the value of the angle alpha between the inertial sensor corresponding to the second electrode and the gravity direction is obtained by detection 2 ；
3) From the third electrode, the nth electrode has the coordinates of (x) n-1 +180×d×（sinα n -sinα n-1 ）/（(α n -α n-1 ) ×π），y n-1 +180×d×（cosα n -cosα n-1 ）/（(α n -α n-1 ) ×π）），
Wherein x is n-1， y n-1 Is the coordinates of the n-1 th electrode, alpha n And an included angle with the gravity direction is provided for the sensor corresponding to the nth electrode.
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| CN202210391829.3A CN114847913B (en) | 2022-04-14 | 2022-04-14 | Bioelectrical impedance tomography device and bioelectrical impedance tomography method |
| PCT/CN2023/088075 WO2023198151A1 (en) | 2022-04-14 | 2023-04-13 | Electrical impedance tomography apparatus and method |
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| CN114847913B (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-10-27 | 四川大学华西医院 | Bioelectrical impedance tomography device and bioelectrical impedance tomography method |
| CN116458865B (en) * | 2023-04-14 | 2024-02-02 | 南京航空航天大学 | Electrical impedance imaging fault boundary extraction method based on multi-origin transformation |
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| WO2023198151A1 (en) | 2023-10-19 |
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