CN114847190B - 一种降低家禽种蛋孵化热习服负面效应的方法 - Google Patents
一种降低家禽种蛋孵化热习服负面效应的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种降低家禽种蛋孵化热习服负面效应的方法。采用特殊光源作为环境光对禽蛋进行孵化，特殊光源为LED单色蓝光，光照强度控制在20～50lux，波长控制在450nm左右，使得光照能够降低家禽种蛋孵化期热习服的负面效应。本发明方法可以降低禽蛋孵化期热习服过程中鸡胚丙二醛、皮质酮等氧化产物水平，提高抗氧化酶以及热休克蛋白基因的表达量，同时该特殊光源降低了鸡胚代谢产热，从而减少了热习服期热应激对鸡胚的伤害。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及禽蛋孵化的光照调控领域的一种降低家禽生理特性的方法，尤其是涉及了一种降低家禽种蛋孵化热习服负面效应的方法。
背景技术
对于家禽生产而言，气候变化已逐渐成为一个巨大的挑战。不断上升的环境温度容易使得高密度养殖的鸡群出现严重的热应激，热应激造成的经济损失每年就高达1.28亿至1.65亿美元。尤其是对于一些热带地区来说，寻找减少热应激造成的危害的措施是非常重要的。目前存在环境策略包括住房改造、改进通风、人工遮荫等等。除上述环境调控外，热习服被证明是一种有效的提高鸡出雏后耐热性的方式。热习服是指在鸡孵化过程中，间歇性将鸡蛋暴露于高温环境的处理。研究表明，当饲养期的鸡遭遇热应激时，那些孵化期接受过热习服处理的鸡热量率更低，腹部脂肪垫的质量更低，肌肉生长更好，平均纤维直径更短。与此同时，相对于未经热习服处理的鸡，接受过热习服的鸡胚胎代谢率和热值更低。
然而，孵化期热习服会降低动物的福利和生长性能。这是由于热习服本身会给胚胎带来一定的热应激。这表现在接受热习服的胚胎会出现较低的蛋黄消耗和较慢生长发育。此外，热习服会在一定程度上打破细胞抗氧化剂和活性氧之间的平衡，提高胚胎体内氧化产物的水平，进而引发胚胎肝脏的氧化应激。
现有研究表明，孵化期的光环境调控能有效地调节鸡的胚胎发育以及出雏后的各项身体机能发育和行为。其中有证据显示，LED蓝光可以有效地缓解鸡的各种应激反应，如热应激、免疫应激等等。机理上，蓝光照射可以调节白细胞介素-1β的表达以及异嗜细胞与淋巴细胞的比值，此外还可以调控抗氧化酶和热休克蛋白的表达水平，从而来缓解应激。
因此将LED蓝光调控与孵化期热习服相结合，从而来缓解孵化期热习服给胚胎带来的负面效应是本项发明的指导思路。至于具体如何设置光环境的各项指标，例如光周期、光强、波谱等，照射后的缓解效果的验证和分析则是本项研究的具体内容。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供了一种降低家禽种蛋孵化热习服负面效应的方法，通过波长在400～480nm，光照强度在10～800lux的LED蓝光，来缓解孵化期热习服所引起的胚胎一定程度的热应激，提高孵化期的热抗性。同时也意味着提升了禽类养殖孵化阶段的动物福利。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
方法是在家禽种蛋孵化过程中进行光照处理。
在家禽种蛋孵化过程中，对家禽的种蛋在进行热习服处理的同时，进行特定的光照处理。
在家禽种蛋孵化过程中，对家禽的种蛋在进行热习服处理的同时，使用蓝光照射种蛋，增加种蛋胚胎的热休克蛋白相对表达量，降低皮质酮及丙二醛浓度，从而控制热习服引起的副作用，最终提升种蛋及其孵化后家禽的耐热性。
所述的热习服处理包含但不限于在孵化期使鸡蛋间歇性地暴露在高温环境以获取出雏后鸡高热抗性的操作。
所述的高温环境为40.0±1℃。
所述的蓝光为400～480nm，以光照强度10～800lux、每天光照时间1～24h为宜。本发明采用特殊光源作为环境光对禽蛋进行光照，可以采用LED蓝光，使得光照能够缓解禽蛋孵化期热习服的负面效应。
所述光照缓解禽蛋孵化期热习服的负面效应。具体在实际孵化中应用，可降低孵化期热习服后胚胎体内丙二醛、皮质酮等氧化产物水平，提高超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶等抗氧化酶的表达水平/表达量，同时可以提高热休克蛋白的基因表达水平/表达量，进而降低胚胎的代谢产热率，缓解热习服所引起的肝脏组织氧化应激。
所说的光照采用但并不限于白炽灯、LED灯、OLED灯、量子LED灯和荧光灯。
所述的家禽为鸡但并不限于鸡。
对禽蛋的光照可以是针对孵化箱内禽蛋的孵化进行光照但并不限于此。
本发明发现了光源的光照条件和禽蛋胚胎抵抗热应激的能力有关系，通过这一关系采用特殊光源对孵化期禽蛋进行光照减少了热习服给鸡胚带来的负面效应，缓解了肝脏组织氧化应激，提高了家禽的动物福利。
本发明具有的有益的效果是：
1、本发明提出的方法，将其作为禽蛋孵化的环境光，可以有效降低孵化期热习服带来的负面效应，减少胚胎的代谢产热，提高其抗氧化酶以及热休克蛋白的表达水平，进而提高其耐热性。
2、同时本照明方法可以有效降缓解热习服给鸡胚造成的肝脏等组织氧化应激，提高家禽养殖的动物福利。
附图说明
图1是本发明光环境调控孵化系统的结构立体图。图1中：1—孵化箱，2—LED灯管，3—翻蛋铁架，4—蛋托，5—禽蛋。
图2是本发明光环境调控孵化系统的结构侧视图。图2中的标注与图1相同。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的实施例，本发明的实际使用并不局限于实施例。
如图1所示，以一个温湿度可控的孵化箱作为禽蛋的孵化环境，本例中孵化箱1的尺寸为90cm×62cm×74cm，孵化箱1内置有翻蛋铁架3，翻蛋铁架长宽为78cm×55cm。翻蛋铁架3两侧内部分别固定安置有一根LED灯管2，用以提供孵化实验时的光环境。在翻蛋铁架上放置多个蛋托4，用以容纳并且稳定禽蛋5。这样配置的孵化箱一共有四台，用以进行三个实验组实验及一个平行对照组实验。
3个实验组实验分别为：LED蓝光照射搭配热习服，LED蓝光照射且无热习服，LED白光照射搭配热习服。1个对照组实验为：LED白光照射且无热习服。
具体实施中，LED蓝光照射组蓝光波长为450nm左右，光照强度为20～50lux；LED白光照射组白光波谱为正常全波长波谱，光照强度为20～50lux；热习服组热习服期间温度为40.0±1℃，未进行热习服时温度为37.6±1℃；无热习服组温度始终保持37.6±1℃。所有组相对湿度均保持在60±1％。
具体实施的实验过程依次分为前期孵化、热习服和采样检测三个部分。
首先选取了800只黄脚麻种鸡种蛋进行孵化，每个孵化箱随机分配200枚种蛋。从孵化第1天到第18天保持翻蛋，每天翻蛋2小时，在第18天检查胚胎存活情况，淘汰胚胎死亡的种蛋。热习服前每组孵化箱温度保持在37.6±1℃。
从孵化第14天到第18天，对热习服组的种蛋进行热习服处理，即每天将种蛋暴露在40.0±1℃环境温度下持续4小时，热习服结束后，将温度降至37.6±1℃。
采样检测时间设置为整个热习服阶段刚结束时，即孵化第18天。每组随机抽取24枚鸡蛋采集样品。所采集的样本为胚胎肝脏组织，分别用以进行以下检测：1/2肝脏组织通过生物诊断试剂盒检测丙二醛、皮质酮等氧化产物水平，同时用以测定超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶的活性；1/2肝脏组织用以检测热休克蛋白、热休克因子以及抗氧化酶的基因转录水平。
检测结果显示(表1)
表1不同孵化组鸡胚氧化产物水平及热抗性基因表达水平
结果可见，蓝光LED配合热习服组的鸡胚胎中氧化产物的水平显著低于无LED蓝光照射的热习服组鸡胚胎(P＜0.01)；与此同时，对胚胎肝脏细胞基因转录水平检测结果显示，LED蓝光照射显著提高了热休克蛋白70(P＜0.01)、热休克蛋白90(P＜0.05)、超氧化物歧化酶(P＜0.01)以及过氧化氢酶(P＜0.01)基因的转录水平。
上述结果表明，LED蓝光照射配合孵化期热习服能够显著提高胚胎热休克蛋白以及抗氧化酶的表达水平，降低活性氧产物在体内的含量，进而减少热习服所带来的负面效应。同时LED蓝光照射能够缓解热应激所引起的鸡胚肝脏氧化应激，提高动物养殖福利。
Claims (4)
1.一种降低家禽种蛋孵化热习服负面效应的方法，其特征在于：
方法是在家禽种蛋孵化过程中进行光照处理；
在家禽种蛋孵化过程中，对家禽的种蛋在进行热习服处理的同时，进行特定的光照处理，所述的特定的光照处理采用蓝光，所述的蓝光为400～480nm，以光照强度10～800lux、每天光照时间1～24h为宜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种降低家禽种蛋孵化热习服负面效应的方法，其特征在于：在家禽种蛋孵化过程中，对家禽的种蛋在进行热习服处理的同时，使用蓝光照射种蛋。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种降低家禽种蛋孵化热习服负面效应的方法，其特征在于：所述的热习服处理包含但不限于在孵化期使鸡蛋间歇性地暴露在高温环境以获取出雏后鸡高热抗性的操作。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种降低家禽种蛋孵化热习服负面效应的方法，其特征在于：所述的高温环境为40.0±1℃。
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| PCT/CN2022/113167 WO2023213023A1 (zh) | 2022-05-05 | 2022-08-18 | 一种降低家禽种蛋孵化热习服负面效应的方法 |
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| WO2002067667A1 (en) * | 2001-02-27 | 2002-09-06 | Willmar Poultry Company, Inc. | Methods for growth stimulation |
| BRPI0806517A2 (pt) * | 2007-01-10 | 2014-04-22 | Natratec Internat Ltd | Método para chocar ovos de chocadeira, composição formulada para o tratamento de ovos de chocadeira antes da incubação, e, uso de uma composição |
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