CN114844113A - Microgrid distributed economic operation control method based on cascade inverter - Google Patents

Microgrid distributed economic operation control method based on cascade inverter Download PDF

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CN114844113A
CN114844113A CN202210670015.3A CN202210670015A CN114844113A CN 114844113 A CN114844113 A CN 114844113A CN 202210670015 A CN202210670015 A CN 202210670015A CN 114844113 A CN114844113 A CN 114844113A
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micro
source
voltage
distributed
output
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李浪
田鹏
沈仕巡
刘赟
周克
冯华仲
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Moutai University
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Priority to ZA2022/08789A priority patent/ZA202208789B/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/007—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources
    • H02J3/0075—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources for providing alternative feeding paths between load and source according to economic or energy efficiency considerations, e.g. economic dispatch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
    • H02J2310/62—The condition being non-electrical, e.g. temperature
    • H02J2310/64—The condition being economic, e.g. tariff based load management
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y02P80/14—District level solutions, i.e. local energy networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a microgrid distributed economic operation control method based on a cascade inverter, which comprises the following steps: acquiring load voltage of a micro-grid, the total number of distributed micro-sources and the functional relation between the power generation cost and the output active power of each distributed micro-source; constructing a functional relation between the optimal active power output of each distributed micro source and the load current according to the load voltage, the total micro source number and the power generation cost function; constructing a functional relation between each micro-source output voltage and load current according to the load voltage and the optimal power output function; the output voltage forms a voltage reference value of each micro source, and a frequency reference value of each micro source is constructed by combining a synchronization theory; and adjusting each inverter according to the voltage outer ring current inner ring control and PWM modulation technology, thereby realizing the optimized economic operation control.

Description

Microgrid distributed economic operation control method based on cascade inverter
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microgrid distributed economic operation control method based on a cascade inverter, and belongs to the technical field of intelligent power grids.
Background
Currently, it is a hot spot of research to integrate distributed micro-source penetration into large power grid under the action of economic challenge, advanced technology development and environmental protection. The micro-grid is used as an effective carrier of a distributed micro-source, and comprises various forms of micro-sources, energy storage devices, energy conversion devices and other equipment. Generally, the power generation cost characteristics of different types of micro sources in a microgrid are different, and from the viewpoint of economy, the micro sources with low power generation cost should generate more power, and vice versa. Therefore, the micro-sources within the microgrid should all operate in an economy mode of operation.
The economic operation control means of the microgrid can be divided into a centralized type, a distributed type and a decentralized type. Of these, a high quality voltage frequency waveform can be obtained centrally, but it is highly dependent on a central controller and a high-speed communication line. The advantage of distributed is that proximity information is utilized to achieve optimal economic operational control, but it still does not get rid of the dependence on communication lines. In view of the above problems, some researchers have proposed a decentralized approach to solve part of the economic dispatch problem, which is characterized by achieving economic operation targets only by using local information without a central controller and any communication lines.
Droop control is a typical distributed control method, and the working mechanism of the droop control is derived from the operation mode of the simulation synchronous generator. The control method proportionally adjusts the output of active power and reactive power of the micro-source by adjusting the frequency and voltage of the inverter, but cannot ensure the economic operation of the micro-grid in most cases.
In recent years, research has been conducted with a view to reducing the total power generation cost of the microgrid as a control target. Some researchers have proposed a linear droop control method using the maximum power generation cost or the average power generation cost of a micro source as a droop coefficient, a nonlinear control method directly using a nonlinear cost function as a droop coefficient, and a nonlinear droop control method using an intelligent algorithm and polynomial fitting.
However, these methods only solve part of economic operation control problems of the microgrid based on the parallel inverter, but have little concern about the economic operation control problems of the alternating current microgrid based on the cascade inverter, especially about the optimal economic operation control problem realized by a distributed control means under the background of no communication.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the distributed economic operation control method of the microgrid based on the cascade inverter is provided to solve the technical problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a microgrid distributed economic operation control method based on a cascade inverter comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring load voltage V PCC The total micro-source number in the microgrid and the functional relation between the power generation cost and the output active power of each distributed micro-source;
s2, constructing the optimal active power output P of each distributed power supply based on the information of the step S1 i * As a function of the load current I i * ＝g i (I)；
S3, constructing a functional relation between each micro-source output voltage and the load current according to the load voltage and the optimal power output function;
s4, taking the output voltage relation as a voltage reference value of each micro source, and combining a synchronization theory to construct a frequency reference value of each micro source;
and S5, adjusting each inverter according to the voltage outer ring current inner ring control and the PWM modulation technology, and realizing the optimized economic operation control.
The specific method of step S2 includes the following steps:
s2.1, constructing an optimization model according to a cost function and the total micro-source number, with the minimum total active power generation cost of the micro-grid as a target and power balance as a constraint condition, wherein the optimization model is as follows:
Figure BDA0003692909420000031
satisfy P L ＝P 1 +P 2 +…+P n
In the formula C i (P i )、P i Cost function and output active power, P, of the ith micro-source L The total active load requirement of the microgrid is shown, and n is the total distributed micro-source number in the microgrid;
s2.2, solving the optimal active power output P of each micro source according to the optimization model in the step S2.1 i * And a load P L The optimal functional relationship P between i * ＝ξ i (P L )；
S2.3, approximately regarding the load voltage as a constant, load P L The optimal functional relation P between the optimal active power output and the load current is obtained by taking the mapping relation with the load current and combining the optimal functional relation in the step S2.2 i * ＝g i (I)。
The specific method of step S3 includes the following steps:
s3.1, based on the micro-grid of the cascade inverter, the output voltage of each micro-source is proportional to the output active power, and an equation set is constructed by combining the Thevenin theorem and the functional relation between the optimal active power output and the load current in S2, wherein the equation set is as follows:
Figure BDA0003692909420000032
wherein V is i Is the output voltage of the ith micro-source, V pcc Is the voltage at the common bus;
s3.2, solving according to the equation set in the S3.1 to obtain a functional relation between each micro-source output voltage and the load current;
specifically, the functional relationship between the output voltage of each micro-source and the load current is as follows:
Figure BDA0003692909420000041
the specific method of step S2 includes the following steps:
s4.1, combining the synchronization principle and the minimum allowable frequency value f of the microgrid min Forming a reference frequency of the ith micro source, wherein the reference frequency is as follows:
Figure BDA0003692909420000042
wherein m is a constant related to the allowable frequency fluctuation range of the micro-grid,
Figure BDA0003692909420000043
for transition variables with respect to current information, note:
Figure BDA0003692909420000044
s4.2, forming an optimal distributed economic operation control scheme by taking the voltage in the step S3.2 as a reference voltage and the frequency in the step S4.1 as a reference frequency, wherein the control scheme is as follows:
Figure BDA0003692909420000045
the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the distributed economic operation control method of the microgrid based on the cascaded inverter, which is provided by the application, can realize the optimal economic operation of the whole microgrid only by local information by taking global variable frequency and current as carriers, is simple and feasible, does not depend on a central controller and any communication line, and has higher economical efficiency and reliability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cascaded inverter based microgrid topology according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a microgrid topology equivalent circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a local controller control block diagram according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a simulation architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a waveform diagram of an active load over time according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram of frequency variation with time according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram of active power over time under the proposed control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram of the common bus voltage over time under the proposed control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a waveform diagram of frequency versus time under an equal proportion allocation strategy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a waveform diagram of active power of each micro-source changing with time under an equal proportion distribution strategy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a waveform diagram of the total power generation cost of the microgrid over time under an equal proportion distribution method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 12 is a waveform diagram of the total power generation cost of the microgrid over time under the proposed control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a microgrid topology according to the present invention, wherein the distributed power sources are micro-sources based on DC/AC inverters. The micro-grid comprises a plurality of distributed micro-sources, and the outlets of the distributed micro-sources are connected with LC filters. The distributed micro sources (power generation units) are connected in series to form a cascade structure and then are connected to the common bus PCC. Wherein each distributed power source and the common bus are connected with line impedance. Wherein the ac load is connected to a common bus.
Fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the microgrid topology of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a control block diagram of a local controller according to the present invention, which includes a local sampling module, a power calculating module, a low-pass filtering module, a proposed controller module, a sinusoidal voltage reference forming module, a voltage outer loop and current inner loop module, and a PWM modulating module.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1 to 13, a distributed economic operation control method for a microgrid based on a cascade inverter includes the following steps:
s1, acquiring load voltage V PCC The total number of distributed micro sources in the microgrid and the functional relationship between the power generation cost and the output active power of each distributed micro source;
s2, constructing the optimal active power output P of each distributed micro source according to the total distributed micro source number and each distributed micro source power generation cost function in the S1 microgrid i * As a function of the load current I i * ＝g i (I)；
S3, constructing a functional relation between each micro-source output voltage and load current according to the load voltage and the optimal active power output function;
s4, taking the output voltage relation as a voltage reference value of each micro source, and combining a synchronization theory to construct a frequency reference value of each micro source;
and S5, adjusting each inverter according to the voltage outer ring current inner ring control and the PWM modulation technology, and realizing the optimized economic operation control.
In this embodiment, the structure diagram is shown in fig. 4, and the parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003692909420000061
Figure BDA0003692909420000071
The method of S2 includes the steps of:
s2.1, wherein the cost function of the power generation comprising the 3 distributed micro-sources is C 1 (P 1 )＝0.25P 1 2 ,C 2 (P 2 )＝0.15P 2 2 ，C 3 (P 3 )＝0.1P 3 2 +0.01P 3 The total active power generation cost is the lowest, the power balance is the limiting condition, and an optimization model is constructed, wherein the optimization model is as follows:
Figure BDA0003692909420000072
s.t.P L ＝P 1 +P 2 +…+P n
s2.2, solving the optimal active output P of each micro source according to the optimization model of S2.1 i * And a load P L The optimal functional relationship P between i * ＝ξ i (P L ) In which P is 1 * ＝ξ 1 (P L )＝6P L /31+3/310，P 2 * ＝ξ 2 (P L )＝10P L /31+1/62，P 3 * ＝ξ 3 (P L )＝15P L /31-4/155；
S2.3, when the load voltage is taken as a constant value of 110V, the load P L The current and the load current can be regarded as a mapping relation, and the optimal power output function S2.2 is combined to obtain the functional relation P between the optimal active output and the load current i * ＝g i (I) In which P is 1 * ＝g 1 (I)＝660I/31+3/310，P 2 * ＝g 2 (I)＝1100I/31+1/62，P 3 * ＝g 3 (I)＝1650I/31-4/155；
The method of S3 includes the steps of:
s3.1, based on the micro-grid of the cascade inverter, the output voltage of each micro-source is proportional to the output power, and an equation set is constructed by combining the Thevenin theorem and the functional relation between the optimal output power and the load current in S2, wherein the equation set is as follows:
Figure BDA0003692909420000073
in the formula V i The output voltage of the ith micro-source;
s3.2, solving according to the equation set in the S3.1 to obtain a functional relation between each micro-source output voltage and the load current, wherein the functional relation is as follows:
Figure BDA0003692909420000081
the method of S4 includes the steps of:
s4.1, combining the synchronization principle and the minimum allowable frequency value f of the microgrid min Forming a reference frequency value of the ith micro source;
specifically, the reference frequency is:
Figure BDA0003692909420000082
wherein m is a constant related to the frequency fluctuation range of the microgrid operation, and:
Figure BDA0003692909420000083
s4.2, forming an optimal decentralized economic operation control scheme by taking the voltage in the S3.2 as a reference voltage and the frequency in the S4.1 as a reference frequency, wherein the control scheme is as follows:
Figure BDA0003692909420000084
fig. 5 is a waveform diagram of total active power load demand of the microgrid according to an embodiment of the present invention, which varies with time. When t is 1s, the total active power load is changed from 0.683p.u to 1.35p.u, wherein 1p.u is P/P max . When t is 2s, the total load is further increased to 2 p.u.
Fig. 6 is a waveform diagram of frequency variation with time under the proposed control method. As can be seen from the figure, when the load changes, the method can ensure the synchronous operation of each distributed power supply, the frequency of each distributed power supply is converged to a specific value, the fluctuation range is controlled within the allowable range [49,51] Hz, and the frequency stability of the microgrid can be ensured.
FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram of active power of each micro-source with time, when the frequency of the micro-grid is converged to a specific value, the proposed method forces
Figure BDA0003692909420000091
And converging to realize the optimal active power distribution of each distributed micro source.
Fig. 8 is a graph of a voltage waveform at the common bus, and the voltage at the common bus can be maintained within a range of allowable fluctuation when the load is changed under the proposed control method.
In order to further compare the good economic performance of the proposed control method, under the same load condition, fig. 9 is a waveform diagram of frequency variation with time under the equal-scale control method, the variation of active power with time is shown in fig. 10, and the corresponding total active power generation cost of the microgrid is shown in fig. 11.
Fig. 12 is a waveform of a total active power generation cost of the microgrid with time variation under the control method, which can be obtained from the graph, and the total power generation cost is always lower than the power generation cost under the equal proportion condition, so that the control method can obtain better economy, can be realized without communication, and is simple and easy to implement.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims (4)

1. A microgrid distributed economic operation control method based on a cascade inverter is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring the load voltage of the microgrid, the total number of the distributed micro sources and the functional relation between the power generation cost and the output active power of each distributed micro source;
s2, constructing a functional relation between the optimal active power output and the load current of each distributed micro source according to the functions of the load voltage, the total number of the distributed micro sources, the power generation cost and the step of outputting the active power in the step S1;
s3, constructing a functional relation between each micro-source output voltage and the load current according to the functions among the load voltage, the optimal active power output and the load current in the step S2;
s4, according to the functional relation between the output voltage and the load current in the step S3, the functional relation serves as a voltage reference value of each micro source, and a frequency reference value of each micro source is constructed by combining a synchronization theory;
and S5, combining the step 4, adjusting each inverter according to the voltage outer ring current inner ring control and the PWM modulation technology, and further realizing the optimized economic operation control.
2. The microgrid distributed economic operation control method based on a cascade inverter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the specific method in step S2 includes the steps of:
s2.1, according to a function of power generation cost and output active power and the total micro-source number, aiming at the lowest total active power generation cost of the micro-grid and taking power balance as a constraint condition, constructing an optimization model, wherein the optimization model is as follows:
Figure FDA0003692909410000011
satisfy P L ＝P 1 +P 2 +…+P n
In the formula C i (P i )、P i Cost function and output active power, P, of the ith micro-source L The total active load requirement of the microgrid is shown, and n is the total distributed micro-source number in the microgrid;
s2.2, solving the optimal active power output P of each micro source according to the optimization model in the step S2.1 i * And a load P L The optimal functional relationship P between i * ＝ξ i (P L )；
S2.3, when the load voltage is regarded as a constant, the load and the load current are regarded as a mapping relation, and the optimal functional relation P between the optimal active power output and the load current is obtained by combining the optimal functional relation in the step S2.2 i * ＝g i (I)。
3. The microgrid distributed economic operation control method based on a cascade inverter as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the specific method in step S3 includes the steps of:
s3.1, based on the microgrid of the cascade inverter, the output voltage of each micro source is proportional to the output power, and an equation set is constructed by combining the Thevenin voltage theorem and the functional relation between the optimal power output and the load current in the step S2, and the equation set comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003692909410000021
in the formula V i Is the output voltage of the ith micro-source, V pcc Is the voltage at the common bus;
s3.2, solving the functional relation between the output voltage and the load current of each distributed micro-source according to the equation set in the step S3.1, and comprising the following steps:
Figure FDA0003692909410000022
4. the microgrid distributed economic operation control method based on a cascade inverter as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the specific method in step S4 includes the steps of:
s4.1, binding of the synchronization sourceMinimum allowable frequency value f of physical and micro-grid min Forming a reference frequency for the ith micro-source as follows:
Figure FDA0003692909410000031
wherein m is a constant related to the allowable frequency fluctuation range of the micro-grid,
Figure FDA0003692909410000032
for transition variables with respect to current information, note:
Figure FDA0003692909410000033
s4.2, constructing an optimal distributed economic operation control scheme by taking the voltage in the step S3.2 as a reference voltage and the frequency in the step S4.1 as a reference frequency, wherein the optimal distributed economic operation control scheme comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003692909410000034
CN202210670015.3A 2022-06-14 2022-06-14 Microgrid distributed economic operation control method based on cascade inverter Pending CN114844113A (en)

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