CN114841584A - Comprehensive evaluation method for power quality of power distribution network - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a comprehensive evaluation method for power quality of a power distribution network, which comprises the steps of firstly, comprehensively considering various influence factors such as voltage qualification rate, three-phase imbalance, harmonic waves, frequency, power factors and the like, and constructing a power quality multi-index evaluation matrix; then, acquiring and analyzing distribution transformation information to obtain data values of various influence factors required by the evaluation matrix, and performing normalization processing to facilitate subsequent uniform evaluation on the power quality; then, determining a weight coefficient of each influence factor based on expert experience and least square optimization; and finally, multiplying the normalized data value of each factor by the sum of products of corresponding weight coefficients to obtain the evaluation result of the power quality. The invention constructs a multidimensional evaluation matrix by comprehensively considering the factors such as the voltage qualification rate, the three-phase unbalance degree, the voltage and current harmonic waves, the frequency deviation, the power factor and the like of the power distribution network, comprehensively evaluates each power quality, realizes the comprehensive analysis of a plurality of different power quality indexes, can comprehensively, truly and naturally reflect the property of the power quality, and meets the requirements of power users.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a comprehensive evaluation method for power quality of a power distribution network, and belongs to the technical field of comprehensive evaluation of power quality.
Background
With the rapid development of national economy in China, the load of a power grid is rapidly increased, particularly the nonlinear and impact load capacity is continuously increased, so that nonlinear equipment (such as various electric power rectifying equipment, an arc furnace, a high-capacity speed regulating motor, an electric traction locomotive and the like) is widely used in an electric power system, and the electric power quality of the power supply system is seriously polluted.
The quality of the electric energy is reflected by multiple indexes, so the quality standard of the two polarizations cannot comprehensively, truly and naturally reflect the property of the electric energy quality.
At present, domestic and foreign researches mainly evaluate the power quality according to each single index, and evaluate the single index, so that specific problems can be treated specifically, different evaluation methods are determined according to different problems, and a certain power quality problem is solved.
With the development of power systems, the quality of electric energy of each node of the whole power grid is different. With the marketization of electric power and the transparence of electric energy quality, a plurality of different electric energy quality indexes are comprehensively analyzed to meet the needs of power consumers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation method for power quality of a power distribution network aiming at the current situation of the power distribution network, which comprehensively evaluates each power quality and comprehensively analyzes a plurality of different power quality indexes so as to meet the needs of power consumers.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a comprehensive evaluation method for power quality of a power distribution network is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, constructing a multi-index evaluation matrix: comprehensively considering all influence factors such as voltage qualification rate, three-phase imbalance, harmonic waves, frequency, power factors and the like, and constructing an electric energy quality multi-index evaluation matrix;
s2, normalization processing: acquiring and analyzing distribution transformation information to obtain data values of each influence factor required by the multi-index evaluation matrix constructed in the step S1, and performing normalization processing to facilitate subsequent uniform evaluation on the power quality;
s3, determination of weight: and determining the weight coefficient of each influence factor based on expert experience and least square optimization.
S4, comprehensively evaluating the power quality: and multiplying the normalized data value of each factor by the sum of the products of the corresponding weight coefficients to obtain the evaluation result of the power quality.
Further, the electric energy quality multi-index evaluation matrix constructed in step S1 is a multi-dimensional evaluation matrix, and the formula thereof is as follows:
R＝{U,B,UH,IH,F,C,O}，
in the formula: r refers to the overall effect; u refers to the influence result of the voltage qualification rate; b refers to the influence result of the three-phase unbalance; UH refers to the effect of voltage harmonics; IH refers to the effect of current harmonics; f refers to the result of frequency effects; c refers to the result of power factor effects; o refers to the result influenced by other factors.
The power quality is a multi-dimensional comprehensive index, and the whole condition of the power quality cannot be reflected by a certain index. The quality of electric energy is generally determined by the factors such as voltage qualification rate, three-phase unbalance, voltage and current harmonic waves, frequency deviation, power factors and the like;
the voltage qualification rate refers to the percentage of the total time of the voltage of the monitoring point in a qualified range to the total time of monthly voltage monitoring within one month in the operation of the power grid. In the distribution network, 220V resident customer power receiving end of single-phase power supply: 10 percent to 7 percent, namely the highest voltage is not higher than 236V and the lowest voltage is not lower than 198V when electricity is used; three-phase power supply 10KV (6KV) special line client or 380V client: 7 percent to 7 percent, namely the highest voltage is not higher than 10.7KV (6.42KV) or 407V when electricity is used, and the lowest voltage is not lower than 9.3KV (5.58KV) or 353V. According to the method, the influence result of the voltage qualification rate on the electric energy quality is considered, and the quantized result is used as a first dimension element U of the evaluation matrix.
The three-phase imbalance means that three-phase currents (or voltages) in a power system have inconsistent amplitudes, and the amplitude difference exceeds a specified range, so that the three-phase imbalance brings extremely serious harm to a power grid, the operation safety and the economic benefit of the power grid are seriously damaged, and the three-phase imbalance is one of important indexes for power quality evaluation. According to the method, the influence result of the three-phase imbalance on the power quality is considered, and the quantized result is used as a second-dimension element B of the evaluation matrix.
The degree of three-phase imbalance may be measured by three-phase imbalance, as follows:
in the formula: b refers to three-phase unbalance; i is max The maximum value of A, B, C three-phase current; i is min Refers to the maximum of A, B, C three-phase currents.
Harmonics are sub-components obtained by fourier series decomposition of a periodic non-sinusoidal alternating current, which are greater than an integral multiple of the frequency of a fundamental wave, and are generally called higher harmonics, while fundamental waves are components having the same frequency as the power frequency (50 Hz). The Fourier expansion is shown as follows:
in the formula:
interference of higher harmonics is a big "nuisance" in current power systems that affects the quality of the power. According to the method, the influence results of the voltage harmonic waves and the current harmonic waves on the electric energy quality are considered, and the quantized results are used as a third-dimensional element UH and a fourth-dimensional element IH of an evaluation matrix.
In China, the frequency of a power system is 50Hz, the allowable value of normal frequency deviation is +/-0.2 HZ, and when the system capacity is small, the frequency deviation value can be widened to +/-0.5 HZ. The fluctuation of frequency is one of the important indexes for measuring the quality of electric energy. The small-amplitude frequency fluctuation can influence the normal use of the electric appliance, and the large-amplitude frequency fluctuation can damage the normal operation of the generator and cause great damage to the power grid. According to the method, the influence result of the frequency on the power quality is considered, and the quantized result is used as a fifth dimension element F of the evaluation matrix.
In the operation process of the power system, the power factor is usually used for measuring the operation efficiency of the power grid, and the magnitude of the power factor reflects the effective utilization degree of active power in apparent power output by a power supply in the power grid system. The power factor is an important problem related to the quality of electric energy and the safe and economic operation of a power grid, and the power factor of the system is improved by reasonably configuring reactive power compensation equipment, so that the aims of saving the electric energy and reducing the loss are fulfilled. According to the invention, the influence result of the power factor on the electric energy quality is considered, and the quantized result is used as a sixth-dimension element C of the evaluation matrix.
Meanwhile, the influence result of other factors on the power quality is considered and is used as a seventh dimension element O of the evaluation matrix.
Further, the normalization processing method in step S2 specifically includes: normalizing the quantized result of each influence factor to obtain a value between 0 and 1 for evaluating the overall power quality,
for the voltage qualification rate, the percentage of the qualified time of the voltage in one-degree time to the total time is defined, and the value range of the voltage qualification rate is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, so that the normalization requirement is met, and the voltage qualification rate does not need to be processed;
the influence of three-phase unbalance is quantified into three-phase unbalance for representation, and the value range of the three-phase unbalance is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1 according to a calculation formula of the three-phase unbalance, so that the requirement of normalization is met, and the treatment is not needed.
For the voltage harmonic and the current harmonic, because the harmonic content has a plurality of values, when the harmonic is quantized, the total harmonic distortion THD is adopted to be quantized and expressed, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: g 1 Represents the effective value of the fundamental wave; g n Represents the effective value of n harmonics, wherein n is 2, 3;
considering that most distribution transformers are three-phase transformers, the THD values of voltage and current which generate A, B, C three phases are calculated, and therefore, in order to meet the strict requirements of power quality when the power grid operates, the maximum THD values of voltage harmonics and current harmonics are respectively adopted to evaluate the power quality so as to reflect the worst case, as shown in the following formula:
U THD ＝max(THD Ua ,THD Ub ,THD Uc )，
I THD ＝max(THD Ia ,THD Ib ,THD Ic )，
in the formula: THD Ua ,THD Ub ,THD Uc The THD values respectively represent A, B, C three-phase voltage harmonics; THD Ia ,THD Ib ,THD Ic The THD values respectively represent A, B, C three-phase current harmonics;
considering that the THD values of the voltage harmonic and the current harmonic exceed the interval of 0 to 1, the values are normalized by an arctangent function as follows:
y＝arctanx，
the argument x of the arctangent function has a range of (- ∞, + ∞), and thus need not be relatedThe domain definition problem of the heart function is that the value range of the dependent variable y of the arc tangent is
When normalization is performed, operations of absolute value and multiplication by correlation coefficient are also performed, as shown in the following formula:
regarding the frequency as an influencing factor, considering that the frequency of a power system in China is 50Hz, taking 50Hz as a reference, taking the deviation between the actual frequency and the standard frequency as a standard for measuring the quality of electric energy, and carrying out normalization processing according to the method, as shown in the following formula:
in the formula: f is the actual frequency of the power grid; f. of 0 Is 50 Hz;
for the power factor, the value range is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, the normalization requirement is met, and the processing is not needed;
for other factors, they are assigned a normalized value empirically by the evaluator.
Further, the method for determining the weight of each influence factor in step S3 is as follows:
1) according to expert experience, the importance degree of each index is judged to obtain the subjective index weight coefficient of the evaluation matrix, which is as follows:
E＝[e 1 ,e 2 ,e 3 ,e 4 ,e 5 ,e 6 ,e 7 ] T ；
2) the objective index weight coefficient determined by the coefficient of variation method is:
V＝[v 1 ,v 2 ,v 3 ,v 4 ,v 5 ,v 6 ,v 7 ] T ；
3) in order to determine the optimal weight coefficient, a Lagrangian function is constructed, and the extreme value is solved according to partial derivatives:
4) based on the least square method, the weight coefficient after comprehensive optimization is as follows:
W＝[w 1 ,w 2 ,w 3 ,w 4 ,w 5 ,w 6 ,w 7 ]。
further, the method for comprehensively evaluating the power quality in step S4 includes:
assuming that n objects to be evaluated are present, and 7 evaluation indexes are present in the present invention, the evaluation value of the ith evaluation object is obtained based on the evaluation matrix and the weight coefficient:
compared with the prior art, the comprehensive evaluation method for the power quality of the power distribution network provided by the invention has the following advantages:
the invention constructs a multidimensional evaluation matrix by comprehensively considering the factors such as the voltage qualification rate, the three-phase unbalance degree, the voltage and current harmonic waves, the frequency deviation, the power factor and the like of the power distribution network, comprehensively evaluates each electric energy quality, realizes the comprehensive analysis of a plurality of different electric energy quality indexes, can comprehensively, truly and naturally reflect the property of the electric energy quality, and meets the requirements of power users; according to the method, the subjective index weight coefficient and the objective index weight coefficient are comprehensively considered, and the weight of each influence factor is obtained through optimization, so that the evaluation result is more accurate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Examples
The embodiment provides a comprehensive evaluation method for power quality of a power distribution network, which comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing a multi-index evaluation matrix, comprehensively considering all influence factors such as voltage qualification rate, three-phase imbalance, harmonic waves, frequency, power factors and the like, wherein the constructed multi-index evaluation matrix for the power quality is a multi-dimensional evaluation matrix, and the formula is as follows:
R＝{U,B,UH,IH,F,C,O}，
in the formula: r refers to the overall effect; u refers to the influence result of the voltage qualification rate; b refers to the influence result of the three-phase unbalance; UH refers to the effect of voltage harmonics; IH refers to the effect of current harmonics; f refers to the result of frequency effects; c denotes the result of the power factor effect; o refers to the result influenced by other factors.
Step two, normalization processing, namely acquiring and analyzing the distribution transformation information to obtain data values of each influence factor required by the multi-index evaluation matrix constructed in the step S1, performing normalization processing,
voltage qualification rate, three-phase imbalance and power factors do not need to be processed;
for the voltage harmonics and the current harmonics, they were normalized using an arctangent function, which is shown below:
y＝arctanx，
the range of the independent variable x of the arc tangent function is (- ∞, + ∞), so that the domain problem of the function is not needed to be concerned, and the range of the dependent variable y of the arc tangent function is
When normalization is performed, operations of absolute value and multiplication by correlation coefficient are also performed, as shown in the following formula:
regarding the frequency as an influencing factor, considering that the frequency of a power system in China is 50Hz, taking 50Hz as a reference, taking the deviation between the actual frequency and the standard frequency as a standard for measuring the quality of electric energy, and carrying out normalization processing according to the method, as shown in the following formula:
in the formula: f is the actual frequency of the power grid; f. of 0 Is 50 Hz;
for other factors, they are assigned a normalized value empirically by the evaluator.
Step three, weight determination:
1) according to expert experience, the importance degree of each index is judged to obtain the subjective index weight coefficient of the evaluation matrix, which is as follows:
E＝[e 1 ,e 2 ,e 3 ,e 4 ,e 5 ,e 6 ,e 7 ] T ；
2) the objective index weight coefficient determined by the coefficient of variation method is:
V＝[v 1 ,v 2 ,v 3 ,v 4 ,v 5 ,v 6 ,v 7 ] T ；
3) in order to determine the optimal weight coefficient, a Lagrangian function is constructed, and the extreme value is solved according to partial derivatives:
4) based on the least square method, the weight coefficient after comprehensive optimization is as follows:
W＝[w 1 ,w 2 ,w 3 ,w 4 ,w 5 ,w 6 ,w 7 ]。
step four, comprehensively evaluating the power quality, and multiplying the normalized data value of each factor by the sum of the products of the corresponding weight coefficients to obtain the evaluation result of the power quality, wherein n objects to be evaluated are set, and if the evaluation indexes are 7, the evaluation value of the ith evaluation object is obtained based on the evaluation matrix and the weight coefficients:
the invention constructs a multidimensional evaluation matrix by comprehensively considering the factors such as the voltage qualification rate, the three-phase unbalance degree, the voltage and current harmonic waves, the frequency deviation, the power factor and the like of the power distribution network, comprehensively evaluates each electric energy quality, realizes the comprehensive analysis of a plurality of different electric energy quality indexes, can comprehensively, truly and naturally reflect the property of the electric energy quality, and meets the requirements of power users; according to the method, the subjective index weight coefficient and the objective index weight coefficient are comprehensively considered, and the weight of each influence factor is obtained through optimization, so that the evaluation result is more accurate.
The technical solutions of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalent substitution modes fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A comprehensive evaluation method for power quality of a power distribution network is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, constructing a multi-index evaluation matrix: comprehensively considering all influence factors such as voltage qualification rate, three-phase imbalance, harmonic waves, frequency, power factors and the like, and constructing an electric energy quality multi-index evaluation matrix;
s2, normalization processing: acquiring and analyzing distribution transformation information to obtain data values of each influence factor required by the multi-index evaluation matrix constructed in the step S1, and performing normalization processing to facilitate subsequent uniform evaluation on the power quality;
s3, determination of weight: and determining the weight coefficient of each influence factor based on expert experience and least square optimization.
S4, comprehensively evaluating the power quality: and multiplying the normalized data value of each factor by the sum of the products of the corresponding weight coefficients to obtain the evaluation result of the power quality.
2. The comprehensive evaluation method for the power quality of the power distribution network according to claim 1, wherein the power quality multi-index evaluation matrix constructed in the step S1 is a multi-dimensional evaluation matrix, and the formula thereof is as follows:
R＝{U,B,UH,IH,F,C,O}，
in the formula: r refers to the overall effect; u refers to the influence result of the voltage qualification rate; b refers to the influence result of the three-phase unbalance; UH refers to the effect of voltage harmonics; IH refers to the effect of current harmonics; f refers to the result of frequency effects; c refers to the result of power factor effects; o refers to the result influenced by other factors.
3. The comprehensive evaluation method for the power quality of the power distribution network according to claim 1, wherein the normalization processing method in step S2 specifically comprises: voltage qualification rate, three-phase imbalance and power factors do not need to be processed;
for the voltage harmonics and the current harmonics, they were normalized using an arctangent function, which is shown below:
y＝arctan x，
the range of the independent variable x of the arc tangent function is (- ∞, + ∞), so that the domain problem of the function is not needed to be concerned, and the range of the dependent variable y of the arc tangent function is
When normalization is carried out, the absolute value of the normalization is required to be multiplied by a correlation coefficientThe operation of (1) is shown as follows:
regarding the frequency as an influencing factor, considering that the frequency of a power system in China is 50Hz, taking 50Hz as a reference, taking the deviation between the actual frequency and the standard frequency as a standard for measuring the quality of electric energy, and carrying out normalization processing according to the method, as shown in the following formula:
in the formula: f is the actual frequency of the power grid; f. of 0 Is 50 Hz;
for other factors, they are assigned a normalized value empirically by the evaluator.
4. The comprehensive evaluation method for the power quality of the power distribution network according to claim 1, wherein the method for determining the weight of each influence factor in step S3 comprises the following steps:
1) according to expert experience, the importance degree of each index is judged to obtain the subjective index weight coefficient of the evaluation matrix, which is as follows:
E＝[e 1 ,e 2 ,e 3 ,e 4 ,e 5 ,e 6 ,e 7 ] T ；
2) the objective index weight coefficient determined by the coefficient of variation method is:
V＝[v 1 ,v 2 ,v 3 ,v 4 ,v 5 ,v 6 ,v 7 ] T ；
3) in order to determine the optimal weight coefficient, a Lagrangian function is constructed, and the extreme value is solved according to partial derivatives:
4) based on the least square method, the weight coefficient after comprehensive optimization is as follows:
W＝[w 1 ,w 2 ,w 3 ,w 4 ,w 5 ,w 6 ,w 7 ]。
5. the comprehensive evaluation method for the power quality of the power distribution network according to claim 1, wherein the method for comprehensively evaluating the power quality in step S4 comprises the following steps:
assuming that n objects to be evaluated are present, and 7 evaluation indexes are present in the present invention, the evaluation value of the ith evaluation object is obtained based on the evaluation matrix and the weight coefficient:
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