CN114839587A - External correction method for interferometer system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an external correction method for an interferometer system, which belongs to the field of radio direction finding and comprises the following steps: s1, determining all-round correction values to form a correction table; s2, issuing the correction table to a receiver, firstly defining an angle range of a fine direction finding on the basis of a coarse direction finding, and then inspecting the correction value of each sub-direction in the angle range so as to minimize the standard deviation of each channel phase difference after the correction operation as an optimal criterion; and selecting the correction value corresponding to the minimum standard deviation value as the optimal correction value, and taking the corresponding direction as the final measurement result. The invention can be used for obtaining higher environment, signal adaptability and better direction finding precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of radio direction finding, in particular to an external correction method for an interferometer system.
Background
The interferometer system is widely applied to the direction finding field due to simple composition and high direction finding precision. It is used as the simplest direction finding mode and is also the basis of other direction finding methods.
The main sources of the direction-finding error include the nonlinear influence of the antenna housing, the installation error of the antenna, the response of the antenna to incoming waves in different directions and the like. The influence of the antenna housing can be reduced by improving the design of the antenna housing, correcting the antenna housing and the antenna together and other measures; the antenna installation error can also be reduced by improving the installation precision; the response of the antenna to incoming waves in different directions is because the antenna is not an ideal antenna, and the design and the processing process of the antenna are inconsistent, so that the response to the incoming waves in different directions is inconsistent.
The current electronic equipment often ignores the influence of the factor, and thus the deterioration of direction finding precision in the external field experiment can be caused.
The work in enhancing the correction can effectively cope with the above-described problems. In the calibration stage of the current interferometer system, the azimuth of the radiation source is often scanned by using a vector network, and then the antenna is rotated to align the antenna to the direction of the external radiation source, so that phase measurement is performed. And correcting incoming waves in all directions by taking the phase difference value of the direction of each channel opposite to the radiation source as a correction value. When there is an incoming wave different from the normal direction, the true response of the antenna may be different, but the phase correction uses a phase value in the normal direction, which causes a phase deviation, thereby causing a decrease in direction-finding accuracy.
Therefore, a new calibration method is needed to reduce the adverse effect of different incoming wave directions on the phase difference. Therefore, the environment and signal adaptability of the interferometer system can be improved, and the method has important significance for improving the direction-finding precision.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an external correction method for an interferometer system, which can be used for obtaining higher environment, signal adaptability and direction-finding accuracy.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme:
an external calibration method for an interferometer system, comprising the steps of:
s1, assuming the interferometer is a uniform line interferometer. Forming a correction table A by taking the phase difference of each channel when the normal of the external radiation source is incident as a correction value; and (3) forming a correction table Bi by taking the phase difference of each channel when the radiation source enters from all other directions as a correction value, wherein i represents each included angle between the radiation source and the normal direction of the interferometer antenna.
And S2, issuing the correction table A to a receiver, and correcting and roughly measuring the radiation source signals which are not in the normal direction by using the correction table. And (3) defining an angle range of the accurate direction measurement on the basis of the rough direction measurement, then investigating the correction tables Bi in each sub-direction in the angle range, taking the minimum standard variance fluctuation of the phase difference of each adjacent channel after the correction operation as an optimal criterion, selecting the correction value Bi corresponding to the minimum standard variance as an optimal correction table, and taking the corresponding direction i as a final accurate direction measurement result.
Further, in step S1, the method includes the sub-steps of:
s11, scanning a beam pattern by using the vector network to obtain the accurate direction of an external radiation source, and rotating the antenna to ensure that the normal direction of the antenna is over against the direction of the radiation source;
s12, assuming that the beam coverage of the interferometer system is ± β °, rotating the turntable within the range of ± β ° in the azimuth of the radiation source (at this time, 0 °), and selecting an azimuth vi at an azimuth Interval from- β °, obtaining the phase difference of each channel corresponding to the azimuth:
ΔFivi＝{ΔFivi Ph2-Ph1 ，ΔFivi Ph3-Ph2 ，ΔFivi Ph4-Ph3 }
ph1 is the phase of the first array element; ph2 is the phase of the second array element; ph3 is the phase of the third array element; ph4 is the phase of the fourth array element; and delta Fivi _ represents the phase difference of each adjacent channel in the incident direction vi under the current working frequency point Fi.
S13, the turntable is turned from-beta degrees to + beta degrees, n is 2 beta/Interval group phase difference data are obtained, and n groups of correction data (delta Fiv1, delta Fiv2, a.
S14, the correction data of all bins form a whole correction table Δ FV ═ { Δ FV1, Δ FV2, Δ fv3. }, i.e., Bi ═ Δ Fvi.
Further, in step S2, the method includes the sub-steps of:
s21, the external radiation source signal enters the interferometer system.
S22, correcting the external radiation source signal by using a correction table A obtained by normal incidence, and calculating a correction result to obtain a rough direction measurement result D;
s23, after obtaining a rough direction measurement result D, adding and subtracting a fixed angle error range value C to obtain an azimuth range D1-D2 where the true radiation source is located, wherein D1 is D-C; d2 ═ D + C;
s24, in the azimuth range D1-D2, correcting the phase of each adjacent channel phase difference of the radiation source signal according to the azimuth Interval by applying a series of correction data delta Fivi under the current frequency point one by one to obtain a series of corrected phase difference data sets N:
N＝{N1，N2，.....，N(2*C/Interval)}
＝{N_D1，N_(D1+Interval)，N_(D1+2*Interval)，......，N_(D2)}；
where each element N _ (D1+ X Interval) of N includes the phase difference of each adjacent channel.
S25, selecting the element corresponding to the minimum standard deviation value in the set N, and determining the actual incident angle as vi according to the corresponding azimuth value vi.
Further, after the step S1, after the correction table is constructed, the compression storage process is performed on the correction table, and the correction table is transmitted to the receiver.
Further, the compressing and storing process for the correction table includes the sub-steps of:
performing FFT on the data of each column in the correction table;
and carrying out lossy processing on the transformation result: taking the modulus value to be large according to the amplitude, and setting the other coefficients to be 0;
coding the lossy processing result according to an optimal scanning coding mode, and marking the coding mode;
sending the encoded data to a receiver;
and the receiver receives the data, decodes and performs inverse FFT conversion to obtain a new correction table, and applies the correction value to the phase difference forming process to realize the correction function.
Further, the compressing and storing process for the correction table includes the sub-steps of:
performing high-order binomial fitting on a sequence consisting of each line of data in the correction table;
selecting the maximum order of binomial fitting, namely the number of data to be stored, according to the coincidence degree of the required fitting result and the original correction table data, storing coefficients, and discarding the rest coefficients;
sending the coefficient of the data number to a receiver;
and after receiving the data, the receiver performs binomial fitting according to the coefficient to generate a new correction table, and applies the correction value to the phase difference forming process to realize the correction function.
Further, in step S12, the azimuth Interval is the set interferometer minimum azimuth resolution.
Further, in step S24, the series of correction data Δ Fivi at the current frequency point corresponds to correction data at an Interval of the azimuth.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
the correction of the interferometer no longer stays at the normal correction stage, but every incoming wave direction is corrected, so that the inconsistency caused by antenna design and processing errors can be effectively dealt with, and the adaptability of the interferometer system to the environment and signals is improved.
The new interferometer direction finding method provided by the invention is divided into two steps, and the algorithm of the first step of coarse direction finding is the same as that of the conventional interferometer. And secondly, firstly defining an angle range of the accurate direction finding on the basis of the first step, and then inspecting the correction value of each sub-direction in the angle range to ensure that the standard deviation of the phase difference of each adjacent channel after the correction operation is the minimum as the optimal criterion. And selecting the correction value corresponding to the minimum standard deviation value as the optimal correction value, and taking the corresponding direction as the final azimuth measurement result. Corresponding to the further fine direction finding of the direction finding result of the conventional interferometer.
In order to reduce the huge data volume of the correction table of the new algorithm, the invention provides two data compression methods. The data volume is reduced, so that the data volume of the correction table is reduced at the allowable cost, and the practical application is facilitated.
The method of the invention can be applied to the correction of the pitching direction.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an interferometer direction finding;
FIG. 2 is an interferometer calibration table;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of method steps according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
All features disclosed in all embodiments in this specification, or all methods or process steps implicitly disclosed, may be combined and/or expanded, or substituted, in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps. The technical concept, the technical problems to be solved, the working principle, the working process and the advantages of the present invention will be further described in detail and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings 1 to 3. The embodiment of the invention aims to solve the problem of high-precision external correction of an interferometer system.
As shown in fig. 1, the direction finding formula of the prior interferometer system is as follows:
Ph1-Ph0＝L*sin(theata1)/lamda*2*pi＝L*sin(theata1)/c*f*2*pi
theata1＝asin[(Ph1-Ph0)/(2*pi)/f*c/L]
wherein Ph1 and Ph0 are the respective phases of the head array element and the tail array element; l is the physical distance between the head and the tail of the two array elements; lamda is the signal wavelength; c is the speed of light; f is the signal frequency; theta 1 is the angle of incidence.
The existing external calibration of the interferometer stays in the normal calibration phase. The new correction method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of determining correction data, using the correction data, compressing and storing the correction data, issuing a receiver and the like.
In the practical application process, the correction data are determined, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, carrying out beam pattern scanning by using a vector network to obtain an accurate direction of an external radiation source, and rotating an antenna to enable the normal direction of the antenna to be over against the direction of the radiation source;
step 2, assuming that the beam coverage range of the interferometer system is ± β °, rotating the turntable within the range of ± β ° in the radiation source azimuth (at this time, 0 °), selecting an azimuth angle vi at an azimuth Interval from- β °, and obtaining the phase difference of each channel corresponding to the azimuth angle:
ΔFivi＝{ΔFivi Ph2-Ph1 ,ΔFivi Ph3-Ph2 ,ΔFivi Ph4-Ph3 }
step 3, the turntable is turned from-beta to + beta, n is 2 beta/Interval group phase difference data is obtained, and n groups of correction data { delta Fiv1, delta Fiv2, … …, delta Fivi, … … and delta Fivn } under the current working frequency point are obtained;
step 4, the correction data of all bins constitute the entire correction table Δ FV ═ { Δ FV1, Δ FV2, Δ FV3 … }, i.e., Bi ═ Δ Fvi.
In the practical application process, the use of correction data comprises the following steps:
step 1, an external radiation source signal enters an interferometer system.
And 2, correcting the signals by using the correction data A in the normal direction, and calculating a rough direction measurement result D by using the correction result. Up to now, its operation is identical to that of a conventional interferometer.
And 3, after the rough direction measurement result D is obtained, adding or subtracting a fixed angle error value C (the value can be set to be larger to avoid the fine direction measurement result from deviating from the real range), and obtaining an azimuth range D1-D2 where the real target is located.
Step 4, in the azimuth range D1-D2, a series of correction data Δ Fivi (corresponding to the correction data with the Interval of the azimuth) at the current frequency point are applied to the signals one by one at the Interval of the Interval, so as to obtain a series of corrected data:
N＝{N1,N2,……,N(2*C/Interval)}
＝{N_D1,N_(D1+Interval),N_(D1+2*Interval),……,N_(D2)}；。
and 5, selecting the element corresponding to the minimum value of the standard deviation in the set N, and determining the actual incident angle vi according to the corresponding azimuth value vi.
In the practical application process, the storage of the correction data comprises the following steps:
the correction data is directly sent to the receiver in practical application, and is directly applied when the receiver receives the signal and performs phase difference calculation. Therefore, the correction table cannot be large, otherwise, the whole correction table cannot be stored in the FPGA of the receiver, and the correction table needs to be issued by the upper computer for multiple times, so that the real-time operation is greatly influenced. Therefore, a data compression method needs to be researched, the correction table can be issued to a receiver with a smaller data volume, and the receiver FPGA can obtain the complete correction table only by performing small operation. Two lossy compression modes can be adopted to realize the compression storage of the correction table at the cost of sacrificing certain correction table fidelity. Taking a correction table of one frequency point of a 4-channel interferometer as an example:
1. FFT transformation
As shown in fig. 2, FFT conversion is performed on each column of correction data with incidence directions of-90 ° to 90 ° in the correction table;
and carrying out lossy processing on the transformation result: the modulus is increased by the amplitude, and the other coefficients are set to 0. The rule of 0 is to make the loss of the correction data before and after the treatment within the allowable range;
coding the lossy processing result according to an optimal scanning coding mode, and marking the coding mode;
sending the encoded data to a receiver;
and the receiver receives the data, decodes and performs inverse FFT conversion to obtain a new correction table, and applies the correction value to the phase difference forming process to realize the correction function.
2. Fitting of data
As shown in fig. 2, a high-order binomial fitting is performed on each sequence consisting of data with incidence directions of-90 to 90 degrees in the correction table;
and selecting the maximum order of binomial fitting, namely the number of data to be stored, according to the coincidence degree of the required fitting result and the original correction table data, storing the coefficients, and discarding the rest coefficients.
And sending the coefficient of the data number to a receiver.
And after receiving the data, the receiver performs binomial fitting according to the coefficient to generate a new correction table, and applies the correction value to the phase difference forming process to realize the correction function.
Example 1
An external calibration method for an interferometer system, as shown in fig. 3, comprising the steps of:
s1, determining the correction value of each azimuth to form a correction table;
s2, issuing the correction table to a receiver, firstly defining an angle range of a fine direction finding on the basis of a coarse direction finding, and then inspecting the correction value of each sub-direction in the angle range so as to minimize the standard deviation of each channel phase difference after the correction operation as an optimal criterion; and selecting the correction value corresponding to the minimum standard deviation value as the optimal correction value, and taking the corresponding direction as the final measurement result.
Example 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, in step S1, the method includes the sub-steps of:
s11, utilizing the vector network to scan a beam pattern to obtain the accurate direction of an external radiation source, and rotating the antenna to ensure that the normal direction of the antenna is over against the direction of the radiation source;
s12, assuming that a beam coverage of the interferometer system is ± β °, rotating the turntable within a range of ± β ° from a radiation source orientation (in this case, 0 °), selecting an azimuth angle vi from- β ° at an azimuth Interval, and obtaining a phase difference of each channel corresponding to the azimuth angle:
ΔFivi＝{ΔFivi Ph2-Ph1 ，ΔFivi Ph3-Ph2 ，ΔFivi Ph4-Ph3 }
ph1 is the phase of the first array element; ph2 is the phase of the second array element; ph3 is the phase of the third array element; ph4 is the phase of the fourth array element; Δ Fivi _ represents the phase difference of each adjacent channel in the incident direction vi under the current working frequency point Fi;
s13, the turntable is turned from- β ° to + β °, so as to obtain n ═ 2 β/Interval group phase difference data, and obtain n groups of correction data { Δ Fiv1, Δ Fiv2, · once.
S14, the correction data of all bins form a whole correction table Δ FV ═ { Δ FV1, Δ FV2, Δ fv3. }, i.e., Bi ═ Δ Fvi.
In the present embodiment, β may take 90 °.
Example 3
On the basis of embodiment 1, in step S2, the method includes the sub-steps of:
s21, external signals enter the interferometer system;
s22, correcting the phase difference by using a group of correction data in the normal direction, and calculating a rough direction result D by using the corrected result;
s23, after obtaining the rough direction measurement result D, adding and subtracting a fixed angle error value C to obtain an azimuth range D1-D2 in which a real target is located;
s24, in the azimuth range D1-D2, according to the azimuth Interval as the Interval, applying a series of correction data under the current frequency point one by one to obtain a series of corrected data:
N＝{N1,N2,……,N(2*C/Interval)}
＝{N_D1,N_(D1+Interval),N_(D1+2*Interval),……,N_(D2)}；
s25, selecting the element corresponding to the minimum standard deviation value in the set N, and determining the actual incident angle as vi according to the corresponding azimuth value vi.
Example 4
In addition to embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, after the correction table is constructed after step S1, the correction table is compressed and stored, and then transmitted to the receiver.
Example 5
On the basis of embodiment 4, the compression storage processing on the correction table includes the sub-steps of:
performing FFT transformation on data with incidence direction of-90 degrees in the correction table;
and carrying out lossy processing on the transformation result: taking the modulus value to be large according to the amplitude, and setting the other coefficients to be 0;
coding the lossy processing result according to an optimal scanning coding mode, and marking the coding mode;
sending the encoded data to a receiver;
and the receiver receives the data, decodes and performs inverse FFT conversion to obtain a new correction table, and applies the correction value to the phase difference forming process to realize the correction function.
Example 6
On the basis of embodiment 4, the compression storage processing on the correction table includes the sub-steps of:
performing high-order binomial fitting on a sequence consisting of data with incidence directions of-90 degrees in each row in a correction table;
selecting the maximum order of binomial fitting, namely the number of data to be stored, according to the coincidence degree of the required fitting result and the original correction table data, storing coefficients, and discarding the rest coefficients;
sending the coefficient of the data number to a receiver;
and after receiving the data, the receiver performs binomial fitting according to the coefficient to generate a new correction table, and applies the correction value to the phase difference forming process to realize the correction function.
Example 7
In addition to embodiment 1, in step S12, the azimuth Interval is set to the set interferometer minimum azimuth resolution.
Example 8
In addition to embodiment 1, in step S24, the series of correction data at the current frequency point corresponds to correction data at intervals of azimuth.
According to the embodiment of the invention, by improving the external correction method of the interferometer system, normal correction is improved into omnibearing correction, the influence of inconsistency caused by antenna design and processing errors on direction finding can be reduced, and the direction finding stability, environment and signal adaptability are improved; meanwhile, the huge data volume of a new correction algorithm can be reduced by methods such as data compression and the like, and the FPGA of the receiver can be conveniently stored and used. This has important meaning to the lifting equipment performance.
The units described in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by software, or may be implemented by hardware, and the described units may also be disposed in a processor. Wherein the names of the elements do not in some way constitute a limitation on the elements themselves.
According to an aspect of the application, a computer program product or computer program is provided, comprising computer instructions, the computer instructions being stored in a computer readable storage medium. The processor of the computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer instructions to cause the computer device to perform the method provided in the various alternative implementations described above.
As another aspect, the present application also provides a computer-readable medium, which may be contained in the electronic device described in the above embodiments; or may exist separately without being assembled into the electronic device. The computer readable medium carries one or more programs which, when executed by an electronic device, cause the electronic device to implement the method described in the above embodiments.
The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or can be implemented using the prior art.
The above-described embodiment is only one embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be easily made based on the application and principle of the present invention disclosed in the present application, and the present invention is not limited to the method described in the above-described embodiment of the present invention, so that the above-described embodiment is only preferred, and not restrictive.
Other embodiments than the above examples may be devised by those skilled in the art based on the foregoing disclosure, or by adapting and using knowledge or techniques of the relevant art, and features of various embodiments may be interchanged or substituted and such modifications and variations that may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (8)
1. An external calibration method for an interferometer system, comprising the steps of:
s1, determining all-round correction values to form a correction table;
s2, sending the correction table to a receiver, firstly defining an angle range of a precise direction finding on the basis of a rough direction finding, and then comparing correction values of all sub-directions in the angle range to ensure that the standard deviation of phase difference of all channels after correction operation is minimum as an optimal criterion; and selecting the correction value corresponding to the minimum standard deviation value as the optimal correction value, and taking the corresponding direction as the final measurement result.
2. The external calibration method for interferometer systems as set forth in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the substeps of:
s11, carrying out beam pattern scanning by using the vector network to obtain the accurate orientation of an external radiation source, and rotating the antenna to enable the normal direction of the antenna to be over against the orientation of the radiation source;
s12, assuming that the beam coverage range of the interferometer system is +/-beta degrees, rotating the rotary table within the range of +/-beta degrees of the azimuth of the radiation source, starting from-beta degrees, selecting an azimuth angle vi at an azimuth Interval, and obtaining the phase difference of each channel corresponding to the azimuth angle:
ΔFivi＝{ΔFivi Ph2-Ph1 ,ΔFivi Ph3-Ph2 ,ΔFivi Ph4-Ph3 }
ph1 is the phase of the first array element; ph2 is the phase of the second array element; ph3 is the phase of the third array element; ph4 is the phase of the fourth array element; Δ Fivi _ represents the phase difference of each adjacent channel in the incident direction vi under the current working frequency point Fi;
s13, the turntable is turned from-beta to + beta, n is 2 beta/Interval group phase difference data are obtained, and n groups of correction data { delta Fiv1, delta Fiv2, … …, delta Fivi, … … and delta Fivn } under the current working frequency point are obtained;
s14, the correction data for all bins form the entire correction table Δ FV ═ { Δ FV1, Δ FV2, Δ FV3 … }, i.e., Bi ═ Δ Fvi.
3. The external calibration method for interferometer systems as set forth in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the substeps of:
s21, an external radiation source signal enters the interferometer system;
s22, correcting the external radiation source signal by using a correction table A obtained by normal incidence, and calculating a correction result to obtain a rough direction measurement result D;
s23, after obtaining a rough direction measurement result D, adding and subtracting a fixed angle error range value C to obtain an azimuth range D1-D2 where the true radiation source is located, wherein D1 is D-C; d2 ═ D + C;
s24, in the azimuth range D1-D2, correcting the phase difference of each adjacent channel of the radiation source signal by applying a series of correction data delta Fivi under the current frequency point one by one according to the azimuth Interval, and obtaining a series of corrected phase difference data sets N:
N＝{N1,N2,……,N(2*C/Interval)}
＝{N_D1,N_(D1+Interval),N_(D1+2*Interval),……,N_(D2)}；
where each element N _ (D1+ X Interval) of N includes the phase difference of each adjacent channel.
S25, selecting the element corresponding to the minimum standard deviation value in the set N, and determining the actual incident angle as vi according to the corresponding azimuth value vi.
4. The external calibration method for interferometer system of any of claims 1 or 2, wherein after step S1, after the calibration table is constructed, the calibration table is compressed and stored, and then transmitted to the receiver.
5. An external calibration method for interferometer systems as set forth in claim 4, wherein said compressed storage process of the calibration table comprises the sub-steps of:
performing FFT on each column of data in the correction table;
and carrying out lossy processing on the transformation result: taking the modulus value to be large according to the amplitude, and setting the other coefficients to be 0;
coding the lossy processing result according to an optimal scanning coding mode, and marking the coding mode;
sending the encoded data to a receiver;
and the receiver receives the data, decodes and performs inverse FFT conversion to obtain a new correction table, and applies the correction value to the phase difference forming process to realize the correction function.
6. An external calibration method for interferometer systems as set forth in claim 4, wherein said compressed storage process of the calibration table comprises the sub-steps of:
performing high-order binomial fitting on a sequence consisting of each line of data in the correction table;
selecting the maximum order of binomial fitting, namely the number of data to be stored, according to the coincidence degree of the required fitting result and the original correction table data, storing coefficients, and discarding the rest coefficients;
sending the coefficient of the data number to a receiver;
and after receiving the data, the receiver performs binomial fitting according to the coefficient to generate a new correction table, and applies the correction value to the phase difference forming process to realize the correction function.
7. The external calibration method for interferometer system of claim 1, wherein in step S12, the azimuth Interval is a set interferometer minimum azimuth resolution.
8. The external calibration method for interferometer system of claim 1, wherein in step S24, the series of calibration data at the current frequency point corresponds to calibration data with an Interval as an azimuth.
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