CN114839049A - Concrete and rock cement face shear failure process visualization device in-situ direct shear test - Google Patents
Concrete and rock cement face shear failure process visualization device in-situ direct shear test Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a visualization device for a shearing failure process of a concrete and rock cementing surface in an in-situ direct shear test, which comprises a support anchor rod, a support seat, a middle upright post, a rotating frame, a fixing frame, a shearing box and a test block, wherein the support anchor rod is fixedly connected with the support seat; support anchor rods are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the support seat, a rotary sleeve is rotatably sleeved on the upper section of the middle upright post and can be driven to rotate by a driving structure, a rotary frame extending towards the outer side is fixed on the outer side of the rotary sleeve, a fixed sleeve is fixed on the lower section of the middle upright post, and the fixed sleeve is positioned in the rotary frame and fixed on the fixed sleeve; the invention has convenient use, can be directly applied and used on site, has no shelter at the cementing surface of the concrete test piece and the bedrock, and can obtain a comprehensive and complete three-dimensional CT scanning image in the cementing surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of instruments and meters, and particularly relates to a visualization device for a shearing failure process of a concrete and rock cementing surface in an in-situ direct shear test.
Background
The cracking problem of the concrete and basement cementing surface is one of the main factors causing the instability of the dam, and especially under the complex environmental conditions (cyclic load, earthquake, erosion and the like), the joint surface area of the dam structure is easy to crack and gradually expand. The shear strength is an important mechanical index for representing the fracture damage problem of the dam body and the bed rock cementing surface, and quantitative depiction of the initiation, expansion and communication processes of the internal crack of the cementing surface is important for determining the shear strength characteristic, and a precise instrument is required for detection to judge the material displacement condition between the internal crack initiation, expansion and communication processes.
The shearing failure process of the cemented surface is very complicated, and the concrete and the rock body are mutually attached in the direct shear test process, so that great obstruction is formed for the research of the failure process. The traditional direct shear test device cannot accurately monitor the whole experimental process in real time, can indirectly acquire time information and space information of crack generation and development in the shearing and damaging process of a cementing surface by combining an acoustic emission device, but cannot directly represent the dynamic evolution process of internal cracks.
The application of the industrial micro CT scanning technology in the direct shear test can realize the visualization of crack initiation, expansion and through in the shearing progressive destruction process of the cement surface of the concrete and the bedrock, thereby achieving the purpose of monitoring the shearing destruction process of the cement surface in real time.
The principle of the industrial micro CT scanning technology is as follows: a beam of X-rays is projected on an object and is scanned in a rotating way, the distribution information of the substances in the object is obtained through the absorption (multiple projections) of the object to the X-rays, the computer carries out space calculation on the rays in all directions related to a certain point in the space in the detection space range of the industrial micro-CT scanning equipment to obtain a numerical CTP directly related to the absorption coefficient mu of the X-rays at the point, and thus a mu digital image of the object layer is formed.
According to the basic principle of the industrial microscopic CT scanning technology, if other objects exist between a test piece and a CT radioactive source or a receiver, particularly objects with high density are shielded, the imaging effect and precision can be influenced, most of fixing devices, loading frames and measuring systems of the existing in-situ direct shear test device are made of metal materials, when the microscopic CT is used for scanning, a part of the test piece can be shielded, the scanning image cannot comprehensively and completely reflect the whole shearing process, and the accuracy of failure mechanism analysis is influenced, so that a device for visualizing the shearing failure process of the concrete and rock cementing surface in the in-situ direct shear test is necessary to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and problems of the existing equipment, the invention provides a visualization device for the shearing and damaging process of the concrete and rock cementing surface in an in-situ direct shear test, which effectively solves the problems that the existing equipment can not accurately scan the rock cementing surface between a rock stratum and a test block on site and the application range is limited.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a visual device for the shearing and damaging process of a concrete and rock cementing surface in an in-situ direct shear test comprises a support anchor rod, a support seat, a middle upright post, a rotating frame, a fixed frame, a shearing box and a test block; support anchor rods are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the support seat, the middle upright post is fixed in the middle of the support seat, a rotary sleeve is rotatably sleeved on the upper section of the middle upright post and can be driven to rotate by a driving structure, a rotary frame extending towards the outer side is fixed on the outer side of the rotary sleeve, a fixed sleeve is fixed on the lower section of the middle upright post, and a fixed frame is positioned in the rotary frame and fixed on the fixed sleeve; the bottom of the middle upright post is provided with a stabilizing seat, the shearing box is sleeved on the test block in a matching way, and the bottom of the stabilizing seat is provided with a ball and leans against the upper part of the shearing box; the CT radioactive source and the CT detector corresponding to the contact surface of the test block and the rock body are arranged on two sides of the rotating frame, the bottom of the fixing frame is provided with a shearing force loading part, a loading seat is arranged on the shearing box, and the shearing force loading part is arranged along the horizontal direction and is fixedly connected with the loading seat.
Furthermore, the lower part of the support anchor rod is anchored on a fixed structure, the upper part of the support anchor rod is provided with external threads, through holes are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the supporting seat, the support anchor rod is sleeved in the through holes and provided with a pressing cap, and downward pressure is provided for the supporting seat through the pressing cap, so that the middle upright post is vertically pressed to the shearing box.
Furthermore, the driving structure comprises a motor and a driving gear, the driving gear is fixed on the upper portion of the rotary sleeve, and the driving gear is sleeved on the middle upright post and is in transmission connection with a power gear on a rotating shaft of the motor.
Further, the lower part of supporting the stock is provided with rock mass strutting arrangement, rock mass strutting arrangement includes sliding sleeve, left swivel nut, right swivel nut, adjusting screw and outer seat, the sliding sleeve suit is on supporting the stock to it is fixed through the jackscrew, and outer seat is in its inboard of outer end and is provided with right swivel nut, and left swivel nut is fixed on the sliding sleeve, and the suit that has reverse thread and adaptation on the adjusting screw thread is in left swivel nut and right swivel nut.
Furthermore, the fixed frame and the rotating frame are arranged at intervals and a ball row is arranged between the fixed frame and the rotating frame.
Further, the shearing box comprises an upper box body, a lower base and a fastening screw rod, wherein a grouting opening is formed in the upper portion of the upper box body, a containing groove is formed in the lower base, the upper box body is located in the containing groove, corresponding screw holes are formed in the upper box body and the lower base, and the fastening screw rod is connected with the screw holes in a threaded mode and fastens the upper box body and the lower base together.
Furthermore, slip casting mouth department is provided with sealed lid, and the outside of lower base is provided with the curb plate, encloses into the holding tank between the curb plate, the loading seat sets up on last box body.
Furthermore, the side plate is a step-shaped sub-groove, a main groove matched with the sub-groove is formed in the lower portion of the lower box body, and a plurality of sealing strips are arranged between the sub-groove and the main groove.
Further, the number of the support anchor rods is 4, and the shearing force loading part is located on a connecting line of the two opposite support anchor rods.
Further, 4 normal displacement sensors are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the test piece; before a concrete test piece is poured, a wireless sensor is arranged on the cementing surface of the test piece and the bedrock, and the shearing displacement of the test piece is measured; and a force sensor is arranged at the contact end of the shearing force loading part and the shearing box to measure the magnitude of the shearing force.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides in-situ direct shear test equipment for exposing a contact surface part of a test piece and a rock mass to improve the CT imaging effect, and an embedded wireless sensor system is adopted to replace the traditional instrument equipment to monitor the loading state of the test piece. In addition, the invention also provides a CT rotating device to realize three-dimensional imaging, and the cementing surface is scanned in all directions in the shearing process so as to meet the requirement of visualization in the shearing damage process.
The device can synchronously carry out shear force loading and rotary scanning, namely, the shear force is slowly improved, the change condition of the basement cementing surface is continuously observed, the relation between the basement cementing surface and the shear force application size is researched in real time, the rotary frame is positioned at the outer side and the fixed frame is positioned at the inner side in a specific structure, the application of the shear force cannot be interfered during rotary scanning, and the structural arrangement is reasonable.
Meanwhile, the shearing box can be integrally fixed with the test block after the test block is poured in order to simplify the construction steps, so that the shearing box is prevented from being separated from the test block, the connection strength between the shearing box and the test block in the experimental process is ensured, the working procedures are simplified, the standard test block can be provided by utilizing the shearing box, and the problems that the shearing box is difficult to match with the test block and the assembly is difficult due to the fact that the shearing box is not standardized in the test block manufacturing process are solved.
Therefore, the invention is convenient to use, can be directly applied and used on site, has no any shielding object at the cementing surface of the concrete test piece and the bedrock, can obtain a comprehensive and complete three-dimensional CT scanning image in the cementing surface, and realizes the visualization and digital representation of the fracture surface form of the cementing surface in the shearing and damaging process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the relative relationship between the CT radiation source and the CT detector.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the rock mass support device.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the shear box.
Fig. 7 is an exploded view of fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of two side structures of the fixing frame and the cutting box.
The reference numbers in the figures are: the device comprises a support base 1, a support anchor rod 2, a press cap 3, a center pillar 4, a rotating sleeve 5, a driving gear 51, a power gear 52, a motor 53, a rotating frame 6, a CT radioactive source 7, a CT detector 8, a fixing sleeve 9, a fixing frame 10, a shear loading device 11, a shear box 12, an upper box 121, a lower base 122, a side plate 123, a fastening screw rod 124, a loading seat 125, a grouting opening 126, a sealing cover 127, a grouting pipe 128, a stabilizing seat 13, a test block 14, a rock mass 15, a sliding sleeve 16, a left screw sleeve 17, a right screw sleeve 18, an adjusting screw rod 19, balls 20, a ball row 21 and a ball row 22.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Example 1: this embodiment aims at providing concrete and rock cement face shear failure process visualization device among normal position direct shear test, mainly used scene exerts the shearing force to the test block, and scan the cemented surface between rock and the test block, obtain the stress state analysis between test block and the rock, can't be applied to the scene in to current structure, and study and make the use comparatively limit, data information volume is little, can't satisfy people's demand, based on this, this embodiment provides concrete and rock cement face shear failure process visualization device among the normal position direct shear test.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a device for visualizing the shearing failure process of a concrete and rock cementing surface in an in-situ direct shear test comprises a support anchor rod 2, a support base 1, a middle upright post 4, a rotating frame 5, a fixed frame 10, a shearing box 12 and a test block 14; support stock 2 is arranged to the outside equipartition of supporting seat 1, the middle standing pillar 4 is fixed at the middle part of supporting seat 1, and supporting seat 1 is located whole device upper portion to as the fixed mounting basis of equipment.
The upper section of the middle upright post 4 is rotatably sleeved with a rotary sleeve 5, the rotary sleeve 5 can be driven to rotate by a driving structure, the driving structure comprises a motor 53 and a driving gear 51, the upper part of the rotary sleeve 5 is fixed with the driving gear 51, the driving gear 51 is sleeved on the middle upright post 4 and is in transmission connection with a power gear 52 on a rotating shaft of the motor 53, the outer side of the rotary sleeve 5 is fixed with a rotary frame 6 extending towards the outer side, the lower section of the middle upright post 4 is fixed with a fixed sleeve 9, and the fixed frame 10 is positioned in the rotary frame 6 and fixed on the fixed sleeve 9; at the bottom of the center pillar 4, as shown in fig. 3, the rotating frame 6 is located at the outer ring and wraps the fixing frame 10 inside, and both the fixing frame and the rotating frame and the center column serve as a fixing base.
The shearing box 12 is fittingly sleeved on the test block 14, and the bottom of the stabilizing seat 13 is provided with a ball 20 which is propped against the upper part of the shearing box 12; after the device is assembled, the middle upright post 4 provides vertical acting force downwards, the acting force finally acts on the stabilizing seat 13, the stabilizing seat 13 ensures that the shearing box 12 is in a horizontal stable state, and the deviation in the shearing force applying process is avoided.
The CT radioactive source 7 and the CT detector 8 corresponding to the contact surface of the test block and the rock body are arranged on two sides of the rotating frame 6, the bottom of the fixed frame 10 is provided with a shearing force loading part 11, the shearing force loading part 11 can be of an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a hydraulic jack and other structures, and the shearing box 12 is provided with a loading seat 125.
The shear force loading part 11 is arranged along the horizontal direction and fixedly connected with the loading seat 125, 4 support anchor rods 2 are arranged, the shear force loading part 11 is positioned on a connecting line of two opposite support anchor rods, in the specific implementation, the transverse distance of the anchor rods is about 1.2m, the longitudinal distance of the anchor rods is about 0.8m, the anchor rods are deeply buried underground, the length of a buried end is about 3-4 m, the length of an exposed end is about 1m, and a top plate is locked on the anchor rods outside the exposed end through an anchorage device; a middle upright post is fixed in the middle of the supporting seat and used for installing a fixing frame and a rotating device.
The shear box 12 is placed in a fixed frame 10 for limiting the lateral displacement of the test block 14, the fixed frame 10 is used for limiting the displacement of the test block shear box in the direction perpendicular to the shearing direction, and if necessary, a ball row 22 capable of rolling along the shearing force application direction is arranged between the outer side wall of the shear box and the inner side wall of the fixed frame, and the ball row has no limitation on the displacement of the test block shear box in the shearing direction.
In the embodiment, the supporting anchor rod can be fastened on a rock stratum on the site, a space convenient for CT (computed tomography) rotary scanning is formed in the rock stratum, the shearing box is set to be a concave hollow cube, 1/5 with the length of the test piece can be embedded in the hollow part, the shape or the size of the hollow part can be adjusted correspondingly according to the test piece, and the wireless sensing system comprises a displacement sensor, a force sensor and a motor controller; symmetrically arranging 4 normal displacement sensors on the upper surface of the concrete sample, and measuring the normal displacement of the sample; before a concrete test piece is poured, a wireless sensor is arranged on the cementing surface of the test piece and the bedrock, and the shearing displacement of the test piece is measured; a force sensor is arranged at the shearing force loading part to measure the magnitude of the shearing force; the motor controller is used for controlling the rotating speed and the rotating direction of the rotating device; whether the sensor system can work normally is tested after pouring is finished, and when CT scanning is carried out, the rotating frame can drive the CT scanning system to rotate around the central upright post 3 under the driving of the rotating driving structure, so that the CT scanning system can obtain a complete three-dimensional CT scanning image of the interior of a concrete test piece and a bed rock cement surface under the matching of the rotating device.
Example 2: this example is substantially the same as example 1, except that: the present embodiment further illustrates the structure of the support anchor.
In the embodiment, the lower part of a support anchor rod 2 is anchored on a fixed structure, the upper part of the support anchor rod is provided with external threads, through holes are uniformly distributed on the outer side of a supporting seat, the support anchor rod is sleeved in the through holes and is provided with a pressing cap 3, and downward pressure is provided for the supporting seat through the pressing cap 3, so that a middle upright post 4 is pressed against a shearing box 12 from the vertical direction; in the embodiment, the support seat can be provided with downward pressure through the pressing cap 3, and then the center pillar is provided with downward pressure, so that the shear box can be pressed.
Example 3: this example is substantially the same as example 1, except that: the embodiment is provided with a rock mass supporting device.
The supporting anchor rod is fixed on the ground aiming at the rock with the single block as the target in the embodiment, and a rock body supporting device is arranged at the lower part of the supporting anchor rod and used for fixing the rock body to prevent the rock body from moving after shearing force is applied.
In the concrete structure, as shown in fig. 5, the rock supporting device comprises a sliding sleeve 16, a left threaded sleeve 17, a right threaded sleeve 18, an adjusting screw 19 and an outer seat, wherein the sliding sleeve 16 is sleeved on the supporting anchor rod 2 and can be fixed through a jackscrew, so that the sliding sleeve is locked after being adjusted in place, the right threaded sleeve 18 is arranged on the inner side of the outer seat at the outer end, the left threaded sleeve 17 is fixed on the sliding sleeve 16, and the adjusting screw 19 is provided with a reverse thread and is sleeved in the left threaded sleeve and the right threaded sleeve in a matched manner; can make the interval grow or diminish between sliding sleeve and the outer seat through revolving adjusting screw, and support stock 2 and be in fixed state, and then enable the outer seat top and touch in the outside of rock mass, fix the rock mass.
The rock mass selecting device is suitable for specific rock masses to be selected from rock strata, the whole device can be anchored immovably, and the selected rock masses are placed at the rock mass supporting device for reinforcement and scanning.
Example 4: this example is substantially the same as example 1, except that: the present embodiment further describes the structure of the fixed frame and the rotating frame.
In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the fixed frame 10 and the rotating frame 6 are arranged adjacent to each other at an interval, and the ball row 22 is arranged between the fixed frame and the rotating frame.
Example 5: this example is substantially the same as example 1, except that: this embodiment further illustrates the structure of the shear box 12.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6 to 7, the cutting box 12 includes an upper box body 121, a lower base 122 and a fastening screw 124, a grouting port 126 is disposed on the upper portion of the upper box body 121, a receiving groove is disposed on the lower base 122, the upper box body 121 is seated in the receiving groove, and corresponding screw holes are disposed on the upper box body 121 and the lower base 122, and the fastening screw 124 is screwed therein and fastens the upper box body and the lower base together.
The embodiment provides a can directly pour shearing box of test block on rock mass, when using, at first lay down the base on the stratum, then dock shearing box on lower base and then fix, after the test block solidifies, demolish lower base, and expose the cementing surface, make it can be scanned, allow the test block to take place deformation after receiving the shearing force simultaneously, avoid interfering, after lower base is demolishd, upper portion is shearing box, and can perfect adaptation test block, avoid because the test block is not in compliance, lead to shearing box and test block suit difficulty, shearing box is easy to be separated with the test block after receiving the shearing force, there are the clearance scheduling problem easily with shearing box when the suit with the test block, detection efficiency has not only been improved, operation steps have been simplified, simultaneously this kind of structure test block standard, it is accurate to the rock mass test of difference, the variable has been reduced.
In the concrete structure, a sealing cover 127 is arranged at a grouting port 126, a grouting pipe 128 is inserted into the grouting port 126 for grouting operation, after grouting is completed, the grouting pipe is pulled out, the sealing cover 127 is sealed, a test block is placed below a middle upright post after solidification, a loading seat on the side surface of the test block is connected with a shearing force loading part, and a rock body is fixed as required to start scanning.
This embodiment is provided with curb plate 123 in the outside of base down simultaneously, encloses into the holding tank between the curb plate 123, and loading seat 125 sets up on last box body 121, can set up the curb plate into step-like sub-groove during specific implementation, and the lower part of box body 121 is provided with the female groove with sub-groove adaptation down to be provided with the multichannel sealing strip between sub-groove and female groove, this kind of structure is convenient for demolish the leakproofness that has improved the shearing box simultaneously, avoids leaking the thick liquid.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a concrete and rock cement face shear failure process visualization device among normal position direct shear test which characterized in that: comprises a support anchor rod, a support seat, a middle upright post, a rotating frame, a fixed frame, a shearing box and a test block; support anchor rods are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the support seat, the middle upright post is fixed in the middle of the support seat, a rotary sleeve is rotatably sleeved on the upper section of the middle upright post and can be driven to rotate by a driving structure, a rotary frame extending towards the outer side is fixed on the outer side of the rotary sleeve, a fixed sleeve is fixed on the lower section of the middle upright post, and a fixed frame is positioned in the rotary frame and fixed on the fixed sleeve; the bottom of the middle upright post is provided with a stabilizing seat, the shearing box is sleeved on the test block in a matching way, and the bottom of the stabilizing seat is provided with a ball and leans against the upper part of the shearing box; the CT radioactive source and the CT detector corresponding to the contact surface of the test block and the rock mass are arranged on two sides of the rotating frame, the bottom of the fixing frame is provided with a shearing force loading portion, a loading seat is arranged on the shearing box, and the shearing force loading portion is arranged in the horizontal direction and is fixedly connected with the loading seat.
2. The device for visualizing the shearing failure process of the concrete and rock cementing surface in the in-situ direct shear test according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the lower part of the support anchor rod is anchored on the fixed structure, the upper part of the support anchor rod is provided with external threads, through holes are uniformly distributed on the outer side of the supporting seat, the support anchor rod is sleeved in the through holes, a pressing cap is arranged on the support anchor rod, downward pressure is provided for the supporting seat through the pressing cap, and the middle upright post is enabled to vertically compress the shearing box.
3. The device for visualizing the shearing failure process of the concrete and rock cementing surface in the in-situ direct shear test according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the driving structure comprises a motor and a driving gear, the driving gear is fixed on the upper portion of the rotating sleeve, and the driving gear is sleeved on the middle upright post and is in transmission connection with a power gear on a rotating shaft of the motor.
4. The device for visualizing the shearing failure process of the concrete and rock cementing surface in the in-situ direct shear test according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the lower part of supporting the stock is provided with rock mass strutting arrangement, rock mass strutting arrangement includes sliding sleeve, left swivel nut, right swivel nut, adjusting screw and outer seat, the sliding sleeve suit is on supporting the stock to it is fixed through the jackscrew, and the outer seat is in its inboard of outer end and is provided with right swivel nut, and left swivel nut is fixed on the sliding sleeve, and the suit that has back thread and adaptation on the adjusting screw thread is in left swivel nut and right swivel nut.
5. The device for visualizing the shearing failure process of the concrete and rock cementing surface in the in-situ direct shear test according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fixed frame and the rotating frame are arranged at intervals and a ball row is arranged between the fixed frame and the rotating frame.
6. The device for visualizing the shearing failure process of the concrete and rock cementing surface in the in-situ direct shear test according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the shearing box comprises an upper box body, a lower base and a fastening screw rod, wherein a grouting opening is formed in the upper portion of the upper box body, a containing groove is formed in the lower base, the upper box body is located in the containing groove, corresponding screw holes are formed in the upper box body and the lower base, and the fastening screw rod is in threaded connection with the upper box body and the lower base and is fastened together.
7. The device for visualizing the shearing failure process of the concrete and rock cementing surface in the in-situ direct shear test according to claim 6, wherein: grout gate department is provided with sealed lid, and the outside of base is provided with the curb plate down, encloses into the holding tank between the curb plate, the loading seat sets up on last box body.
8. The device for visualizing the shearing failure process of the concrete and rock cementing surface in the in-situ direct shear test according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the side plate is a stepped sub-groove, a main groove matched with the sub-groove is formed in the lower portion of the lower box body, and a plurality of sealing strips are arranged between the sub-groove and the main groove.
9. The device for visualizing the shearing failure process of the concrete and rock cementing surface in the in-situ direct shear test according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the support stock is provided with 4, shearing force loading portion is located two relative support stock lines.
10. The device for visualizing the shearing failure process of the concrete and rock cement surface in the in-situ direct shear test as claimed in claim 1, wherein: 4 normal displacement sensors are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the test piece; before a concrete test piece is poured, a wireless sensor is arranged on the cementing surface of the test piece and the bedrock, and the shearing displacement of the test piece is measured; and a force sensor is arranged at the contact end of the shearing force loading part and the shearing box to measure the magnitude of the shearing force.
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