CN114838771A - River basin ecological environment monitoring system for large river crossing hydropower construction - Google Patents
River basin ecological environment monitoring system for large river crossing hydropower construction Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of basin ecological environment monitoring, and discloses a basin ecological environment monitoring system for river crossing hydropower construction, which comprises: the system comprises an ecological environment monitoring module, an information processing and storing module and a monitoring result display module; the ecological environment monitoring module comprises: the invention relates to a system for monitoring water environment, air and noise, ecological flow, water temperature, aquatic ecology, terrestrial ecology, fish passing facility, fish proliferation station, water and soil conservation and solid waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of basin ecological environment monitoring, in particular to a basin ecological environment monitoring system for river crossing hydropower construction.
Background
Hydroelectric power plants have numerous advantages such as: inexhaustible water, renewable, flood control, irrigation water supply, river navigation improvement, related engineering improvement, traffic improvement, power supply and economy improvement in the area, and particularly can develop tourism and aquaculture; meanwhile, the ecology is damaged, the erosion of water flow below the dam is aggravated, the change of rivers, the influence on animals and plants and the like are caused, the damming and the migration of residents are needed, the investment of infrastructure is large, the erosion soil of fertile downstream is reduced in areas with large rainfall season change, the watershed ecology near the hydropower station is protected better, the watershed needs to be monitored and analyzed, and the ecological protection is conveniently implemented by proper measures according to the detection information;
at present, the mode of artifical sampling test is generally adopted in drainage basin ecological environment's periodic monitoring, and unable check out time is long, and lacks the continuous monitoring to monitoring area quality of water and ecological environment situation, makes the data detection timeliness poor, and inconvenient follow-up use, simultaneously in testing result show process, can't accomplish fine data classification and contrast, and concrete ecological change is known and reasonable safeguard measure is planned according to the data condition to inconvenient user.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a river basin ecological environment monitoring system for large river crossing hydropower construction, which aims to solve the problems in the background art.
The invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a river across water and electricity is basin ecological environment monitored control system for construction, includes:
the ecological environment monitoring module is used for monitoring and measuring the position and the content to be monitored by using monitoring equipment;
the information processing and storing module is used for carrying out classification comparison on the information collected by the monitoring equipment and storing the information;
the monitoring result display module is used for displaying various monitoring results in a classified manner on the processed information and displaying the monitoring results through a computer;
the ecological environment monitoring module comprises: water environment monitoring, air and noise monitoring, ecological flow monitoring, water temperature monitoring, aquatic ecology monitoring, terrestrial ecology monitoring, fish passing facility monitoring, fish proliferation station monitoring, water and soil conservation monitoring and solid waste monitoring.
Further, the monitoring result display module displays the water environment monitoring by clicking the page navigation, and comprises: the method comprises the following steps of showing and explaining a watershed water environment map, showing and explaining the current situation of water quality, distributing power stations in a water function region, carrying out statistics on exceeding standards in the past year and displaying and explaining monitoring information of surface water and sewage and wastewater.
Further, the monitoring result display module monitors and displays air and noise in the navigation by clicking a page, and comprises: the method comprises the steps of station air noise monitoring distribution diagram display and description, air and noise monitoring current situation display and description, air monitoring and noise monitoring standard reaching constitution and main monitoring index change.
Further, the monitoring result display module monitors and displays the ecological flow by clicking the page navigation, and comprises: the method comprises a drainage basin power station ecological flow monitoring distribution diagram display description, an early warning display description in the year, an ecological flow real-time data display description and a field monitoring video display description.
Further, the monitoring result display module displays the water temperature by clicking the page navigation, including: and displaying and explaining a power station distribution diagram, real-time data, the let-down water temperature, dam water temperature statistics and the monthly mean value of the let-down water temperature and the natural water temperature.
Further, the aquatic ecology monitoring display in the monitoring result display module through clicking the page navigation comprises: the power station distribution diagram display description, the aquatic ecology change condition and the aquatic ecology detailed information, and the monitoring result display module comprises a monitoring display module and a display module, wherein the monitoring display module is used for monitoring and displaying the terrestrial ecology in the page navigation by clicking: and the power station distribution diagram shows the description, the change condition of the terrestrial ecology and the detailed information of the terrestrial ecology.
Further, the monitoring result display module performs monitoring display on the fish passing facilities by clicking the page navigation, and comprises: and displaying the power station distribution diagram, the monitoring video and the monitoring data, and the types and the quantity of imports.
Further, the monitoring and displaying of the monitoring result display module by clicking the fish proliferation station in the page navigation comprises: the method comprises the following steps of power station distribution diagram display description, a schematic diagram of a release position, proliferation release statistics, a release total amount statistical diagram, a field monitoring video, a field picture and a proliferation station operation condition diagram.
Further, the monitoring result display module keeps monitoring and displaying by clicking water and soil in the page navigation, and the monitoring and displaying comprises: and displaying the information of the water and soil conservation point positions of the drainage basin map and displaying the condition that the water and soil conservation acceptance reaches the standard.
Further, the monitoring result display module displays the solid waste monitoring display by clicking the page navigation, and comprises: and the drainage basin map solid waste point location information display description and the hazardous waste disposal display description.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
1. the invention monitors the river basin environment in real time through the monitoring equipment, processes and stores the data, and ensures the accuracy and the real-time performance of the monitored data.
2. The invention carries out classification recording on the monitored results in detail through the monitoring result display module, carries out data interchange with a plurality of systems through various standard system interfaces to realize good cross-system data exchange and association, and has clearer data through the cooperation of pictures, statistical graphs, videos, characters and the like, thereby being convenient for understanding and use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the overall system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an ecological environment monitoring module according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention, and the forms of the structures described in the following embodiments are merely examples, and the watershed ecological environment monitoring system for the inland river hydropower construction according to the present invention is not limited to the structures described in the following embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a river basin ecological environment monitoring system for large river crossing hydropower construction, comprising:
the ecological environment monitoring module is used for monitoring and measuring the position and the content to be monitored by using monitoring equipment;
the information processing and storing module is used for carrying out classification comparison on the information collected by the monitoring equipment and storing the information;
the monitoring result display module is used for displaying various monitoring results in a classified manner on the processed information and displaying the monitoring results through a computer;
ecological environment monitoring module includes: water environment monitoring, air and noise monitoring, ecological flow monitoring, water temperature monitoring, aquatic ecology monitoring, terrestrial ecology monitoring, fish passing facility monitoring, fish proliferation station monitoring, water and soil conservation monitoring and solid waste monitoring.
Referring to fig. 1, the monitoring result display module displays the water environment monitoring by clicking a page in navigation, including: the watershed water environment map display shows that the water environment monitoring and early warning conditions of each power station in the watershed are displayed under the display of a power station plane layout, the map power station icon displays the name and the early warning grade of the power station, and the point icon displays the water environment monitoring details of the power station, including monitoring time, a monitoring section, a standard value, a monitoring value and a main pollutant index transformation trend; the water quality status display description comprises a standard value and an over-standard value of surface water and a standard value and an over-standard value of sewage; the distribution of the water functional area power stations is graphically displayed through the data of the division conditions of the watershed water functional areas; the over standard statistics of the past year refers to inquiring the over standard condition of the basin power station every year according to surface water and sewage, and displaying the over standard number and the over standard number of the year through a histogram; the surface water and sewage monitoring information display description is that surface water monitoring information is displayed according to power station and time inquiry by clicking surface water monitoring, monitoring information is displayed according to power station and time inquiry by clicking sewage monitoring, and main monitoring index trend change is displayed through a line graph, and water quality monitoring items can be divided into two categories: one is a comprehensive index reflecting the water quality conditions, such as temperature, chroma, turbidity, pH value, conductivity, suspended matters, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand and the like; the other is toxic substances, such as phenol, cyanogen, arsenic, lead, chromium, cadmium, mercury, organic pesticides and the like, and on the basis of comprehensively analyzing the investigation research result and related data, the monitoring section is representative in distribution, namely the spatial distribution and change rule of water quality and pollutants can be truly and comprehensively reflected; determining a monitoring section and a sampling point according to monitoring purposes and monitoring projects and considering factors such as manpower, material resources and the like, wherein a large amount of wastewater is discharged into a main residential area, an upstream area and a downstream area of an industrial area of a river, an upstream area of a junction of a larger branch and a fully mixed part of the junction and a main stream after the junction, a river cut of a sea river, a river section affected by tide and a severe soil erosion area, main inlets and outlets of lakes, reservoirs and river mouths, an entrance and exit of an international river at a national border entrance and exit, a drinking water source area, a water area with concentrated water resources, a main landscape visiting area, a water entertainment area, a large hydraulic facility location and other functional areas, the section position should avoid a dead water area and a backwater area, and the section position should be selected as far as possible to coincide with a hydrological measurement section; and requires convenient traffic and has obvious shore marks.
Referring to fig. 1, the monitoring result display module monitors and displays air and noise in the navigation by clicking a page, including: the station air noise monitoring distribution diagram display description is that under the display of a power station plane layout diagram, the air noise monitoring early warning condition of each power station in a drainage basin is displayed, a map power station icon displays the name and the early warning grade of the power station, a click icon displays the air noise monitoring details of the power station, the data comprises monitoring time, a monitoring section, a standard value, a monitoring value and a main pollutant index transformation trend, a pop-up frame detail displays the name, the air noise monitoring condition, the monitoring time, a monitoring index standard value and a pollutant monitoring value of the power station, and a broken line diagram displays the pollutant index transformation trend and the standard value; showing and displaying the statistics of the number of standard-reaching and standard-exceeding power stations of air monitoring and the statistics of the number of standard-reaching and standard-exceeding power stations of noise monitoring of the drainage basin power stations; the constitution of air monitoring and noise monitoring reaching the standard is that the number of power stations which reach the standard and exceed the standard in recent years of air and noise is displayed through a histogram; the change of the main monitoring index is the change of the monitoring index inquired according to the year and displayed by a line graph.
Referring to fig. 1, the monitoring result display module monitors and displays the ecological flow by clicking a page in navigation, including: the drainage basin power station ecological flow monitoring distribution graph presentation description is that under the display of a power station plane layout graph, ecological flow monitoring early warning conditions of each power station in a drainage basin are displayed, a map power station icon displays the name and early warning grade of the power station, a point-opening early warning icon displays ecological flow monitoring details including an early warning latest state, monitoring time, monitored point positions, standard values and monitoring values, and the statistical conditions of discharged ecological flow are displayed according to query conditions; the annual early warning display description is that the number of days for which the annual power station ecological flow early warning does not reach the standard is counted through a histogram; displaying the latest ecological flow monitoring data of each power station by the ecological flow real-time data display description, wherein the latest ecological flow monitoring data comprises power station names, monitoring time, real-time values, batch reply values and dam water levels; the on-site monitoring video display shows that the on-line monitoring condition of ecological flow can be checked according to the click of an inquiry power station, wherein the ecological flow refers to the minimum flow of a downstream river channel which is required to be ensured for guaranteeing the ecological function of the river environment and maintaining the sustainable development and utilization of water resources without causing ecological environment deterioration. The main function of the device is to ensure the self-purification diffusion capacity required by the river, and the water body pollution caused by the huge change of the flow and the water flow form is avoided; maintaining the survival of aquatic organisms in the downstream riverway and the inherent balance of an aquatic ecosystem; the basic requirements of downstream coastal resident living water taking, agricultural production water taking and the like are ensured.
Referring to fig. 1, the monitoring result display module displays the water temperature by clicking a page navigation, including: the power station distribution diagram display description is that under the display of a power station plane layout diagram, the water temperature monitoring and early warning conditions of each power station in a drainage basin are displayed, the name and the early warning grade of the power station are displayed by a map power station icon, and the water temperature monitoring conditions of the power station are displayed by clicking the map power station icon, wherein the water temperature monitoring conditions comprise the newly monitored inlet water temperature, the newly monitored lower water temperature, the monthly average value of the natural water temperature and a dam front water temperature distribution diagram; real-time data display real-time water temperature monitoring conditions of each power station; calculating the let-down water temperature and the pre-dam water temperature, and graphically displaying the trend changes of the let-down water temperature and the pre-dam water temperature according to the distribution of query conditions; the comparison of the lower water temperature and the natural water temperature is to display the change conditions of the lower water temperature and the natural water temperature according to the power station and the query year graph.
Referring to fig. 1, the aquatic ecology monitoring display in the monitoring result display module navigation by clicking a page includes: the power station distribution diagram display description is that under the display of a power station plane layout diagram, the distribution situation of aquatic ecology monitoring points of each power station in a drainage basin is displayed; the aquatic ecological change condition is that the aquatic ecological change condition of the inquiry power station is displayed according to the inquiry condition; the detailed aquatic ecological information is information that the detailed aquatic ecological information (such as phytoplankton, community structure of aquatic algae, trend of the year, survey picture and the like) under the content is displayed by clicking a button of the corresponding content, and the aquatic ecological system is a general name of various water area ecological systems on the earth surface, and the communities of autotrophs (algae, aquatic weeds and the like), heterotrophs (various invertebrates and vertebrates) and decomposer organisms (various microorganisms) inhabit in the aquatic ecological system. Various biological communities and the interaction between the biological communities and a water environment maintain specific material circulation and energy flow to form a complete ecological unit; the monitoring result display module is used for displaying the terrestrial ecology monitoring by clicking the page navigation, and comprises the following steps: the power station distribution diagram display description is that under the display of a power station plane layout diagram, the distribution situation of terrestrial ecological monitoring points of each power station in a drainage basin is displayed; the terrestrial ecological change condition is the terrestrial ecological change condition which is inquired according to time; the terrestrial ecological detailed information is the terrestrial ecological detailed information under the content (such as the type of the distribution area of the river reach seed plant genus influenced by engineering) displayed by clicking the button of the corresponding content.
Referring to fig. 1, the monitoring result display module displays the fish passing facility monitoring display by clicking a page navigation, including: the power station distribution diagram display description comprises the point location display of the fish passing facility, and a power station video information dialog box is popped up by clicking the power station; the monitoring video and the monitoring data show that the site monitoring video can be watched by clicking, and the data (the number of fish passing through the inlet, the number of fish passing through the outlet, the vertical seam flow speed, the fishway flow, the fishway water depth and the gate opening condition) are monitored in real time; the import type and the quantity can inquire the wellhead type quantity in different time periods, the excessive facilities are structures and mechanical settings which are set for fishes arriving at spawning or breeding places through the river-blocking dam, and the excessive facilities are divided into a backwardmigration fish passing facility and a downriver migration fish passing facility according to the fish migration characteristics. The fish cage is in the form of a fishway, a fish lock, a fish elevator, a fish gathering boat and the like, and many fishes have directional fluidity. After the sluice dam cuts off the river channel, natural migration channels of the fishes are blocked, and fish passing facilities are built to facilitate the fishes to pass through the dam under the condition of overcoming water flow fall, so that the sluice dam is one of measures for protecting and developing river fish resources.
Referring to fig. 1, the monitoring result display module includes, by clicking on the monitoring display of the fish proliferation station in the page navigation: the power station distribution diagram shows that a specific position, proliferation and release statistics and a release total amount statistical diagram can be checked by clicking proliferation station positions; the proliferation release statistics can inquire the release species and quantity in different time periods; the statistical chart of the total amount of the flowing and discharging is used for counting the total amount of the flowing and discharging of each species; the video of the released fish can be checked by clicking a site monitoring video point, the main situation of the site can be clearly and quickly known by clicking a site picture, the operation situation graph of the proliferation station respectively displays the spawning rate, the fertilized egg rate, the hatching rate and the fry forming rate of parent fish, the proliferation and release are inquired by years, the proliferation and release are operated according to the specified content in the proliferation and release technical regulation, the proliferation and release technical regulation specifies the terms, definitions and implementation subjects of the proliferation and release of the fishes in the protection area, the technical requirements, the effect evaluation, the announcement and the like, the basic program of the proliferation and release is implemented according to the aquatic organism proliferation and release management regulation, the implementation subject is a rare fish management bureau, the release of any other social units, legal persons and individuals in the water area of the protection area must be informed by the relevant departments to agree to release the water area of the protection area as the protection area, and the species select the native fishes in the protection area as release objects, the breeding and releasing species must be provided by original and improved variety stations approved or approved by fishery administration departments above provincial level, the seeds should be original or sub-generation of local species, and the breeding and releasing species should be subject to technical identification and inspection and quarantine.
Referring to fig. 1, the monitoring result display module maintaining the monitoring display by clicking the soil and water in the page navigation includes: the river basin map water and soil conservation point information display description displays the established project water and soil conservation monitoring points by using an example, the information of each monitoring point is inquired and browsed, the water and soil conservation monitoring points of a river basin power station are marked on the map, a certain point icon is clicked, and pop-up information displays the water and soil loss prevention target completion condition, the tracking of the remaining problems and other basic information of the corresponding water and soil conservation monitoring points; the exhibition of the standard-reaching conditions of the river basin water and soil conservation acceptance shows that whether the standard-reaching conditions of the river basin water and soil conservation are met or not is displayed, the water and soil conservation is a life line for mountain area development, is the basis of national soil improvement and river treatment, is the basis of national economy and social development, is a basic national policy which must be adhered to for a long time, and can promote the adjustment of an industrial structure, promote agricultural production and increase income by carrying out comprehensive treatment of small river basins, setting up defences layer by layer, saving joints and retaining, increasing surface vegetation, conserving water sources, adjusting microclimates, effectively improving ecological environment and agricultural production basic conditions, reducing natural disasters such as water, drought, sand storm and the like, and promoting agricultural production and farmer income.
Referring to fig. 1, the monitoring result display module performs solid waste monitoring display by clicking a page navigation, and includes: the watershed map solid waste point location information display description displays solid waste point locations of each power station through legends, corresponding to each point hazardous waste generation source and hazardous waste temporary storage field, clicks a point location icon on a map, and pops up information to display detailed information of corresponding power station hazardous waste point locations; the dangerous waste disposal display description can display dangerous waste disposal information according to the inquiry power station, and comprises dangerous waste disposal statistics and reservoir area floater salvage amount statistics.
The points to be finally explained are: first, in the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly, and may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, or a communication between two elements, and may be a direct connection, and "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate a relative positional relationship, and when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed, the relative positional relationship may be changed;
secondly, the method comprises the following steps: in the drawings of the disclosed embodiments of the invention, only the structures related to the disclosed embodiments are referred to, other structures can refer to common designs, and the same embodiment and different embodiments of the invention can be combined with each other without conflict;
and finally: the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a river water and electricity construction is with basin ecological environment monitored control system which characterized in that includes:
the ecological environment monitoring module is used for monitoring and measuring the position and the content to be monitored by using monitoring equipment;
the information processing and storing module is used for carrying out classification comparison on the information collected by the monitoring equipment and storing the information;
the monitoring result display module is used for displaying various monitoring results in a classified manner on the processed information and displaying the monitoring results through a computer;
the ecological environment monitoring module comprises: water environment monitoring, air and noise monitoring, ecological flow monitoring, water temperature monitoring, aquatic ecology monitoring, terrestrial ecology monitoring, fish passing facility monitoring, fish proliferation station monitoring, water and soil conservation monitoring and solid waste monitoring.
2. The river basin ecological environment monitoring system for the large river crossing hydropower construction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the monitoring result display module is used for monitoring and displaying the water environment by clicking a page in navigation and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of showing and explaining a watershed water environment map, showing and explaining the current situation of water quality, distributing power stations in a water function region, carrying out statistics on exceeding standards in the past year and displaying and explaining monitoring information of surface water and sewage and wastewater.
3. The river basin ecological environment monitoring system for the large river crossing hydropower construction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the monitoring result display module monitors and displays air and noise in the navigation by clicking a page, and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of station air noise monitoring distribution diagram display and description, air and noise monitoring current situation display and description, air monitoring and noise monitoring standard reaching constitution and main monitoring index change.
4. The river basin ecological environment monitoring system for the large river crossing hydropower construction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the monitoring result display module monitors and displays the ecological flow in the navigation by clicking the page, and comprises the following steps: the method comprises a drainage basin power station ecological flow monitoring distribution diagram display description, an early warning display description in the year, an ecological flow real-time data display description and a field monitoring video display description.
5. The river basin ecological environment monitoring system for the large river crossing hydropower construction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the monitoring result display module monitors and displays the water temperature by clicking the page navigation, and comprises the following steps: and displaying and explaining a power station distribution diagram, real-time data, the let-down water temperature, dam water temperature statistics and the monthly mean value of the let-down water temperature and the natural water temperature.
6. The river basin ecological environment monitoring system for the large river crossing hydropower construction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the aquatic ecology monitoring display of monitoring result display module through clicking in the page navigation includes: the power station distribution diagram display description, the aquatic ecology change condition and the aquatic ecology detailed information, and the monitoring result display module comprises a monitoring display module and a display module, wherein the monitoring display module is used for monitoring and displaying the terrestrial ecology in the page navigation by clicking: and the power station distribution diagram shows the description, the change condition of the terrestrial ecology and the detailed information of the terrestrial ecology.
7. The river basin ecological environment monitoring system for the large river crossing hydropower construction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the monitoring result display module monitors and displays the fish passing facilities by clicking the page navigation, and comprises the following steps: and displaying the power station distribution diagram, the monitoring video and the monitoring data, and the types and the quantity of imports.
8. The river basin ecological environment monitoring system for the large river crossing hydropower construction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the monitoring result display module monitors and displays the fish proliferation stations in the navigation by clicking the page, and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of power station distribution diagram display description, a schematic diagram of a release position, proliferation release statistics, a release total amount statistical diagram, a field monitoring video, a field picture and a proliferation station operation condition diagram.
9. The river basin ecological environment monitoring system for the large river crossing hydropower construction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the monitoring result display module keeps monitoring and displaying by clicking water and soil in the page navigation, and comprises the following steps: and displaying the information of the water and soil conservation point positions of the drainage basin map and displaying the condition that the water and soil conservation acceptance reaches the standard.
10. The river basin ecological environment monitoring system for the large river crossing hydropower construction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the monitoring result display module carries out solid waste monitoring display by clicking in the page navigation, and comprises the following steps: and the drainage basin map solid waste point location information display description and the hazardous waste disposal display description.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103175513A (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2013-06-26 | 戴会超 | System and method for monitoring hydrology and water quality of river basin under influence of water projects based on Internet of Things |
| KR101561387B1 (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-10-16 | 한국수자원공사 | The assessment system and method for the ecological value of dam reservoir |
| CN105223937A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-01-06 | 河海大学 | Hydropower Stations ecological regulation and control intelligent control system and method |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103175513A (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2013-06-26 | 戴会超 | System and method for monitoring hydrology and water quality of river basin under influence of water projects based on Internet of Things |
| KR101561387B1 (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-10-16 | 한국수자원공사 | The assessment system and method for the ecological value of dam reservoir |
| CN105223937A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-01-06 | 河海大学 | Hydropower Stations ecological regulation and control intelligent control system and method |
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