CN114838671B - System and method for simultaneously measuring blade tip clearance and blade tip arrival time - Google Patents
System and method for simultaneously measuring blade tip clearance and blade tip arrival time Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for simultaneously measuring a blade tip clearance and a blade tip arrival time, wherein the system comprises a blade tip clearance and blade tip arrival time simultaneous measurement module, a calibration signal acquisition module and a calibration curve acquisition module; the blade tip clearance and blade tip arrival time simultaneous measurement module comprises a calibration signal acquisition module, a rough dimension parameter calculation module, a rough peak value calculation module, a rough amplitude parameter calculation module, a fine dimension parameter calculation and peak value calculation module, a fine amplitude parameter calculation module and a blade tip clearance measurement module which are sequentially connected, and also comprises a rotating speed synchronous signal module and a blade tip timing measurement module; the calibration signal acquisition module comprises a leaf end sensor, a signal processing module, a signal cutting module, a signal acquisition module and a leaf disc to be tested which are connected in sequence; the calibration curve acquisition module comprises a calibration blade, a blade end sensor, a signal processing module and a calibration curve fitting module which are sequentially connected; the calibration curve fitting module is connected with the blade tip clearance measuring module.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of signal processing, in particular to a system and a method for simultaneously measuring tip clearance and tip arrival time with high precision.
Background
The moving blade is used as a core acting element of large-scale rotary machinery such as an aeroengine, a gas turbine and the like, and the change of running parameters such as the vibration state, the blade tip clearance and the like of the moving blade influence the normal operation and the working efficiency of the whole system.
The tip clearance refers to the distance between the tip of the blade and the inner wall of the casing, is closely related to the fuel efficiency, thrust, service life and the like of the engine, and has important significance on blade design, flow field analysis and active clearance control. The non-contact blade tip clearance measurement method mainly comprises an optical method, a capacitance method, an eddy current method and a microwave method, and although the measurement principles of the methods are different, the measurement modes are all to adopt a sensor arranged on a casing, a blade tip sensing signal formed by a blade passing through the sensor is obtained, a blade tip sensing signal peak value is extracted, and blade tip clearance measurement is realized.
The tip timing method is widely applied to blade vibration parameter measurement as a non-contact moving blade vibration measurement method. The basic principle is that a sensor is arranged on a casing, a blade end sensing signal is obtained, the time for a blade tip to reach the sensor is measured, the peak value of the blade end sensing signal can be used for representing, when the blade vibrates, the blade tip reaching time can be advanced or delayed, the blade amplitude can be obtained by combining the rotation speed and the rotation radius of the blade, and then the blade vibration parameter information can be obtained through various blade tip timing processing algorithms.
Therefore, blade tip clearance and blade vibration parameter measurement based on blade tip timing are required to obtain a blade end sensing signal, the possibility of simultaneous measurement is provided, and the core of high-precision measurement is high-precision extraction of a blade end sensing signal peak value. The existing leaf end sensing signal peak value extraction method mostly adopts a function fitting method, utilizes a Gaussian function to perform waveform fitting, considers that the leaf end sensing signal is a Gaussian-like front-back edge symmetrical single-peak signal, and has high fitting precision on a straight plate blade. In an aeroengine, however, the rotor blades are often torsionally mounted so that tip-sensing signals exhibit asymmetric unimodal characteristics along the front and rear edges; in addition, the end surface morphology of the high-pressure turbine moving blade often presents a concave cavity form so as to adapt to working condition environments such as high temperature, gas corrosion and the like, and the blade end sensing signal presents the characteristics of double peaks and even multiple peaks. Because the function characteristics of the front and rear edge asymmetric single-peak and multi-peak signals are complex, standard functions cannot be found to carry out waveform fitting, difficulty is brought to high-precision extraction of sensing signal peaks of leaf tips, and measurement precision of tip gaps and tip arrival moments is seriously affected, so that the problems are needed to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the existing blade tip clearance and blade tip arrival time measuring method and designs a system and a method for simultaneously measuring the blade tip clearance and the blade tip arrival time with high precision. According to the invention, the characteristic that the torsion-mounted moving blade can enable the blade tip sensing signal to present a front and rear edge asymmetric single peak is fully considered, the concave cavity form existing in the appearance of the end face of the moving blade of the high-pressure turbine can enable the blade tip sensing signal to present a double peak or even a multiple peak, the peak value of the front and rear edge asymmetric single peak and the multiple peak blade tip sensing signal is extracted with high precision, the measurement precision of the blade tip gap and the blade tip arrival moment is improved, the simultaneous measurement of the blade tip gap and the blade tip arrival moment is realized, and data support is provided for the state monitoring and fault diagnosis of the aeroengine, so that the high-efficiency safe operation of the aeroengine is ensured.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
the system comprises a blade tip gap and blade tip arrival time simultaneous measurement module, a calibration signal acquisition module and a calibration curve acquisition module;
the blade tip gap and blade tip arrival time simultaneous measurement module comprises a calibration signal acquisition module, a rough dimension parameter module, a rough peak time module, a rough amplitude parameter module, a fine dimension parameter and peak time module, a fine amplitude parameter module and a blade tip gap measurement module which are connected in sequence, and also comprises a rotating speed synchronous signal module and a blade tip timing measurement module, wherein the rotating speed synchronous signal module is connected with the rough dimension parameter module, and the fine dimension parameter and peak time module is connected with the blade tip timing measurement module;
the calibration signal acquisition module comprises a leaf end sensor, a signal processing module, a signal cutting module, a signal acquisition module and a leaf disc to be tested which are connected in sequence; the leaf end sensor is arranged on the casing and is opposite to the leaf disc to be tested; the signal acquisition module is also connected with the coarse peak time module;
the calibration curve acquisition module comprises a calibration blade, a blade end sensor, a signal processing module and a calibration curve fitting module which are sequentially connected; and the calibration curve fitting module is connected with the blade tip clearance measuring module.
Further, defining a leaf end sensing signal A generated when a leaf in a leaf disc to be detected sweeps a leaf end sensor as a leaf end sensing signal A, defining a leaf end sensing signal A subjected to signal processing as a leaf end sensing signal B, and defining a leaf end sensing signal B subjected to cutting as a leaf end sensing signal C;
defining a leaf end sensing signal under the lowest rotating speed and the minimum leaf tip clearance which can be measured in one circle of rotation of any leaf in the leaf disc to be measured as a calibration signal A, defining a calibration signal A subjected to signal processing as a calibration signal B, defining a calibration signal B subjected to cutting as a calibration signal C, and defining the calibration signal C subjected to scale conversion as a calibration signal D; defining a leaf end sensing signal generated by a leaf end sensor swept by the calibration leaf as a calibration curve signal;
in the simultaneous measurement module of the blade tip clearance and the blade tip arrival time, a blade end sensor acquires a blade end sensing signal A from a blade disc to be measured;
the signal processing module filters and amplifies the leaf end sensing signal A to obtain a leaf end sensing signal B;
the signal cutting module is used for adaptively setting threshold voltage and cutting the leaf end sensing signal B to obtain a leaf end sensing signal C;
the signal acquisition module receives the leaf end sensing signal C and transmits the leaf end sensing signal C to the coarse-scale parameter module;
the rough dimension parameter module is used for resampling the width and dimension parameter beta of the rough leaf-end sensing signal C by using the data;
the rough peak time module is used for rough peak time tau by using a correlation matching method;
the rough amplitude parameter calculating module is used for rough amplitude parameter alpha by using a standard function fitting method;
the precise dimension parameter and peak time module is used for precisely solving the dimension parameter beta and the peak time tau by utilizing a fusion inverse function and an optimization method;
the refined amplitude parameter module is used for refining the amplitude parameter alpha by using an iteration method;
the blade tip clearance measurement module is used for acquiring blade tip clearance by utilizing the amplitude parameter alpha and the calibration curve;
the blade tip timing measurement module is used for acquiring blade tip timing time by using the peak time tau;
in the calibration signal acquisition module, a leaf end sensor acquires a calibration signal A from a leaf disc to be tested;
the signal processing module filters and amplifies the calibration signal A to obtain a calibration signal B;
the signal cutting module is used for adaptively setting threshold voltage and cutting the calibration signal B to obtain a calibration signal C;
the signal acquisition module receives the calibration signal C and transmits the calibration signal C to the coarse-scale parameter module;
in the calibration curve acquisition module, the calibration blade is a blade selected independently on a blade disc to be measured, and the blade end sensor is opposite to the calibration blade and is used for acquiring calibration curve signals under different blade tip clearances; the signal processing module is used for receiving calibration curve signals under different blade tip clearances and carrying out filtering and amplifying treatment; the calibration curve fitting module is used for carrying out one-to-one correspondence on different blade tip gaps and calibration curve signal peaks, and fitting and obtaining a calibration curve.
The invention also provides a high-precision simultaneous measurement method for the blade tip clearance and the blade tip arrival time, which defines a blade tip sensing signal generated when a blade in a blade disc to be measured sweeps a blade tip sensor as a blade tip sensing signal A, and defines the minimum rotating speed which can be measured in one rotation of the blade in the blade disc to be measured and the blade tip sensing signal under the minimum blade tip clearance as a calibration signal A; comprising the following steps:
s1, obtaining a calibration signal;
the leaf end sensor acquires a calibration signal A, noise interference in the calibration signal A is removed in the signal processing module to obtain a calibration signal B, a threshold voltage is set in the signal cutting module to cut the calibration signal B to obtain a calibration signal C, and the signal acquisition module acquires the calibration signal C for a subsequent measurement process;
s2, obtaining a calibration curve;
before fixing the blade end sensor on the calibration blade, traversing the calibration blade from the minimum blade tip clearance measurement value to the maximum blade tip clearance measurement value, and scanning the calibration blade one by the blade end sensor to obtain a plurality of calibration curve signals A; removing noise interference in the calibration curve signal A in the signal processing module to obtain a calibration curve signal B; different calibration curve signal B peak values are obtained in a calibration curve fitting module, different blade tip gaps correspond to the different calibration curve signal B peak values, and a calibration curve is obtained through a curve fitting method and is used for subsequent blade tip gap measurement;
s3, processing a leaf end sensing signal A;
the leaf end sensor acquires a leaf end sensing signal A, a sliding average value filtering method is adopted in the signal processing module, the average value of N points before and after a sampling point is used as a filtering result of the current sampling point, noise interference in the leaf end sensing signal A is removed, and a leaf end sensing signal B is obtained;
s4, adaptively setting threshold voltage;
when the leaf end sensor is farthest from the leaf disc in the range of the leaf tip clearance range, a minimum peak value of a leaf end sensing signal B can be obtained, and an initial threshold voltage is determined by using the minimum peak value of the leaf end sensing signal B; intercepting a leaf end sensing signal B higher than an initial threshold voltage as a leaf end sensing signal C, searching a maximum voltage value in the leaf end sensing signal C, and taking a constant percentage of the maximum voltage value of a current circle as the threshold voltage of a next circle to realize the self-adaptive interception of the leaf end sensing signal B; the C scale parameter of the leaf end sensing signal is set as beta, the peak time is tau, and the amplitude parameter is alpha;
s5, resampling scale transformation coarse-solving a scale parameter beta;
the scale of the calibration signal C and the scale of the leaf end sensing signal C are transformed to be consistent by utilizing a scale parameter beta in a rough-scale parameter module, so as to obtain a calibration signal D;
s6, roughly solving peak time tau by using a correlation matching algorithm;
the definition of the pearson correlation coefficient is used for obtaining the correlation coefficient relation between the calibration signal D and the leaf-end sensing signal C, and the signal peak time tau of the leaf-end sensing signal C is calculated at the position with the maximum correlation coefficient;
s7, roughly solving an amplitude parameter alpha by using a standard function fitting method;
in the rough amplitude parameter obtaining module, waveforms of pulse part data segments before and after the signal peak time tau obtained in the step S6 are taken, and an amplitude parameter alpha is obtained through a fitting formula;
s8, accurately solving a scale parameter beta and a peak value moment tau by a fusion inverse function and an optimization method;
in the module for precisely solving the scale parameter and the peak time, taking the signal peak time tau obtained in the step S6 as a symmetry axis to obtain an inverse function of the leaf end sensing signal C, and adopting an optimization method to precisely solve the scale parameter beta and the peak time tau;
s9, iterating and precisely calculating an amplitude parameter alpha;
substituting the scale parameter beta and the peak time tau obtained by the fine calculation in the step S8 into the fitting formula of the amplitude parameter alpha in the step S7 again, and performing a plurality of iterations to realize the fine calculation of the amplitude parameter alpha;
s10, obtaining a blade tip clearance;
substituting the amplitude parameter alpha obtained in the step S9 into the calibration curve obtained in the step S2 to realize the measurement of the blade tip clearance;
s11, acquiring the arrival time of the blade tip;
let T be the sampling period of the sensing signal C of the leaf tip, utilize peak time tau that step S8 obtained, realize the measurement of the arrival time of tip, the arrival time of tip is expressed as:
t＝τT (12)。
further, in step S3, the leaf tip sensing signal B is taken as f 1 (i)，f 1 (i) The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein i represents each sampling point of the leaf end sensing signal B; n represents the total sampling point number of the leaf-end sensing signal B, and N is determined by the length of the leaf-end sensing signal B and the sampling frequency.
Further, the constant percentage in step S4 ranges from 40% to 80%.
Further, in step S5, the scaling method is as follows: taking the number of data points corresponding to the width of the blade end face as a reference, setting a signal acquisitionThe sampling frequency of the collection module is f m The width of the end face of the blade is b, the rotation radius of the blade is R, and the rotating speed in the process of acquiring the calibration signal is omega 1 During the measurement, the rotation speed omega of the measurement process is obtained in real time in the rotation speed synchronous signal module 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The number of data points of the calibration signal C relative to the reference is expressed as:
N 1 ＝(f m ·b)/(ω 1 ·R) (2)
when the rotation speed of the measuring process is omega 2 At the time, the number N of data points of the leaf end sensing signal C 2 Expressed relative to the reference as:
N 2 ＝(f m ·b)/(ω 2 ·R) (3)
thus the scale factor is expressed as
β＝N 1 /N 2 ＝ω 2 /ω 1 (4)
Let leaf tip sensing signal C be f 2 (k),k＝1,2,…,M k The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The calibration signal C is d (q), q=1, 2, …, M q The peak time is k a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Beta ' is the integer closest to beta, the calibration signal D is D ' (k) =d (q '), where q ' = (k-1) beta ' +1, satisfying (M k -1)β’+1＝M q 。
Further, in step S6, the correlation coefficient between the calibration signal D and the tip sensing signal C is expressed as:
wherein: d 'is a abbreviated form of the calibration signal D d' (k), f 2 For tip sensing signal C f 2 (k) In the abbreviated form of C (d', f) 2 ) For d' and f 2 Is a covariance of (2); sigma (d ') is the standard deviation of d'; sigma (f) 2 ) Is f 2 Standard deviation of (2); the expressions are respectively:
wherein:is the mean value of d' (k),>is f 2 (k) Is the average value of (2);
within the coarse peaking time block, the signal peaking time is coarsely calculated where the correlation coefficient is greatest, i.e., when r (d', f 2 ) When=max, the peak time τ of the leaf-edge sensing signal C is obtained.
Further, in step S7, waveforms of the pulse portion data segments before and after the signal peak time τ are taken; the amplitude parameter alpha is obtained through fitting, and the fitting formula is as follows:
wherein t=0, 1,2,3 … tau-1, S is a standard function, and a Gaussian function, a Gaussian-like function or a parabolic function is selected.
Further, in step S8, for the tip sensing signal C f 2 (k) The symmetry axis is k=τ, let τ left function be f 21 ＝S 1 [β(k-τ)]The right side function of τ is f 22 ＝S 2 [β(k-τ)]，S 1 、S 2 Are all standard functions; the inverse function of the tip sensing signal C is expressed as a τ upper side function of k=1/βg' 1 (f 21 ) +τ, τ underside function is k=1/βg' 2 (f 22 ) +τ; the optimization method is adopted to realize the accurate calculation of the scale parameter beta and the peak time tau, and the formula is as follows:
further, in step S10, the tip clearance is expressed as:
c＝y(α) (11)。
compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method for solving the leaf-end sensing signals in the fusion resampling, correlation matching, anti-function fitting and optimization mode is provided, and high-precision fitting of front-back edge asymmetric single-peak and multi-peak leaf-end sensing signals is achieved.
(2) Based on the proposed method, high-precision measurement of the tip clearance and the tip arrival time are realized, the tip clearance measurement precision is not more than 1%, and the tip arrival time resolution is not more than 10ns.
(3) Based on the proposed method, the peak value and the peak value moment of the front-back edge asymmetric single-peak and multi-peak leaf end sensing signals are extracted simultaneously, and the simultaneous measurement of the leaf tip clearance and the leaf tip arrival moment is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a tip clearance and tip arrival time high precision simultaneous measurement system.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for high precision simultaneous measurement of tip clearance and tip arrival time.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an acquired tip sensing signal.
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the functional expression of tip sensing signals.
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the functional representation of the leaf tip sensor signal inverse function.
Reference numerals: the blade tip clearance and blade tip arrival time simultaneous measurement system comprises a 1-blade tip clearance and blade tip arrival time simultaneous measurement module, a 2-calibration signal acquisition module, a 3-calibration curve acquisition module, a 4-blade disc, a 5-blade end sensor, a 6-signal processing module, a 7-signal cutting module, an 8-signal acquisition module, a 9-coarse scale parameter module, a 10-rotating speed synchronous signal module, an 11-coarse peak time module, a 12-coarse amplitude parameter module, a 13-fine scale parameter and peak time module, a 14-fine amplitude parameter module, a 15-blade tip clearance measurement module, a 16-blade tip timing measurement module, a 17-calibration blade and an 18-calibration curve fitting module.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the high-precision simultaneous measurement system for the tip clearance and the tip arrival time comprises a tip clearance and tip arrival time simultaneous measurement module 1, a calibration signal acquisition module 2 and a calibration curve acquisition module 3. The blade tip clearance and blade tip arrival time simultaneous measurement module 1 comprises a blade disc 4 to be measured, a blade end sensor 5, a signal processing module 6, a signal cutting module 7, a signal acquisition module 8, a coarse scale parameter module 9, a rotating speed synchronous signal module 10, a coarse peak time module 11, a coarse amplitude parameter module 12, a fine scale parameter and peak time module 13, a fine amplitude parameter module 14, a blade tip clearance measurement module 15 and a blade tip timing measurement module 16.
The calibration signal acquisition module 2 comprises a leaf disc 4 to be tested, a leaf end sensor 5, a signal processing module 6, a signal cutting module 7 and a signal acquisition module 8.
The calibration curve acquisition module 3 comprises a calibration blade 17, a blade end sensor 5, a signal processing module 6 and a calibration curve fitting module 18.
Defining a leaf end sensing signal generated when a leaf sweeps the leaf end sensor 5 as a leaf end sensing signal A, defining the leaf end sensing signal A subjected to filtering, amplifying and other processing as a leaf end sensing signal B, and defining the leaf end sensing signal B subjected to cutting as a leaf end sensing signal C;
defining a leaf end sensing signal under the minimum rotation speed and the minimum leaf tip clearance which can be measured in one rotation of the leaf as a calibration signal A, defining a calibration signal A subjected to filtering, amplifying and the like as a calibration signal B, defining a calibration signal B subjected to cutting as a calibration signal C, and defining a calibration signal C subjected to scale conversion as a calibration signal D; the tip sensing signal generated by the calibration blade 17 sweeping over the tip sensor 5 is defined as a calibration curve signal.
In the simultaneous measurement module 1 of the blade tip clearance and the blade tip arrival time, a blade tip sensor 5 is arranged on the casing and is opposite to a blade disc 4 to be measured and used for acquiring a blade tip sensing signal A; the signal processing module 6 is connected with the leaf end sensor 5 and is used for receiving the leaf end sensing signal A and performing filtering, amplifying and other processes; the signal cutting module 7 is connected with the signal processing module 6 and is used for adaptively setting threshold voltage and cutting the leaf end sensing signal B, so that the leaf end sensing signal C is ensured to have enough and constant data for carrying out subsequent correlation matching operation; the signal acquisition module 8 is connected with the signal cutting module 7 and is used for receiving the leaf end sensing signal C; the rough dimension parameter module 9 is connected with the signal acquisition module 8 and the rotating speed synchronous signal module 10 and is used for resampling the width and dimension parameter beta of the rough leaf end sensing signal C by utilizing data; the rough peak time module 11 is connected with the signal acquisition module 8 and the rough scale parameter module 9 in the calibration signal acquisition module 2 and is used for rough peak time tau by using a correlation matching method; the rough amplitude parameter calculating module 12 is connected with the rough peak value calculating time module 11 and is used for rough amplitude parameter alpha by using a standard function fitting method; the fine-scale parameter and peak time module 13 is connected with the amplitude parameter module 12 and is used for fine-solving the scale parameter beta and the peak time tau by utilizing a fusion inverse function and an optimization method; the refined amplitude parameter module 14 is connected with the refined scale parameter and peak time module 13 and is used for refining the amplitude parameter alpha by using an iteration method; the blade tip clearance measurement module 15 is connected with the accurate amplitude parameter module 14 and the calibration curve fitting module 18 in the calibration curve acquisition module 3 and is used for acquiring the blade tip clearance by utilizing the amplitude parameter alpha and the calibration curve; the tip timing measurement module 16 is connected with the refined scale parameter and peak time module 13 and is used for acquiring tip timing time by using the peak time tau.
In the calibration signal acquisition module 2, a leaf end sensor 5 is arranged on the casing and is opposite to a leaf disc 4 to be tested and used for acquiring a calibration signal A; the signal processing module 6 is connected with the leaf end sensor 5 and is used for receiving the calibration signal A and performing filtering, amplifying and other processes; the signal cutting module 7 is connected with the signal processing module 6 and is used for cutting the calibration signal B, so that the calibration signal C is ensured to have enough and constant effective data for carrying out subsequent correlation matching operation; the signal acquisition module 8 is connected with the signal cutting module 7 and is used for receiving the calibration signal C.
In the calibration curve acquisition module 3, the calibration blade 17 is a blade selected independently on the blade disc 4 to be tested, and the blade end sensor 5 is opposite to the calibration blade 17 and is used for acquiring calibration curve signals under different blade tip clearances; the signal processing module 6 is connected with the blade end sensor 5 and is used for receiving calibration curve signals under different blade tip clearances and performing processing such as filtering, amplifying and the like; the calibration curve fitting module 18 is connected with the signal processing module 6 and is used for performing one-to-one correspondence between different blade tip gaps and calibration curve signal peaks, and fitting and obtaining a calibration curve.
The flow chart of the method for simultaneously measuring the tip clearance and the tip arrival time with high precision is shown in fig. 2, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) Obtaining a calibration signal
Before the measurement is carried out, the calibration signal A is acquired by the leaf end sensor 5. And removing high-frequency noise interference in the calibration signal A in the signal processing module 6 to obtain a calibration signal B. And a threshold voltage is set in the signal cutting module 7 to cut the calibration signal B to obtain a calibration signal C, so that the calibration signal C is ensured to retain enough data and noise fluctuation at a low voltage is removed. The calibration signal C is collected in the signal collection module 8 for the subsequent measurement process.
(2) Obtaining a calibration curve
Before the measurement is carried out, the tip sensor 5 is fixed in front of the calibration blade 17, wherein the calibration blade 17 is completely identical to the blade on the blade disk 4. From the minimum tip clearance measurement value to the maximum tip clearance measurement value, the calibration blades 17 are scanned one by traversing the tip sensor 5, and a plurality of calibration curve signals A can be obtained. And removing high-frequency noise interference in the calibration curve signal A in the signal processing module 6 to obtain a calibration curve signal B. Different calibration curve signal B peaks are obtained in the calibration curve fitting module 18, different tip clearances correspond to different calibration curve signal B peaks, and a calibration curve can be obtained through a curve fitting method (such as polynomial fitting) for subsequent tip clearance measurement.
Specifically, the blade tip sensor is fixed in front of the calibration blade, and the device for fixing the sensor can refer to a blade tip clearance and blade vibration calibration measuring device in patent CN 210347103U; starting from the minimum tip clearance measurement value to the maximum tip clearance measurement value, horizontally moving the calibration blades 17 by controlling the fixing device, and traversing to sweep the calibration blades one by one through the blade end sensor so as to obtain calibration curve signals A under different tip clearances.
(3) Processing tip sensing signals
The leaf end sensor 5 acquires a leaf end sensing signal A, and the leaf end sensing signal A is influenced by noise, has burrs and has larger random error. In the signal processing module 6, a sliding average value filtering method is adopted, the average value of N points before and after the sampling point is used as the filtering result of the current sampling point, and the high-frequency noise interference in the leaf end sensing signal A is removed, so that the leaf end sensing signal B is obtained. Taking leaf tip sensing signal B as f 1 (i)，f 1 (i) The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein i represents each sampling point of the leaf end sensing signal B; n represents the total sampling point number of the leaf-end sensing signal B, and N is determined by the length of the leaf-end sensing signal B and the sampling frequency.
(4) Adaptively setting threshold voltages
In order to ensure that the leaf-end sensing signal B has enough and constant data to perform subsequent correlation matching operation, the adaptive setting of the threshold voltage needs to be performed in the signal cutting module 7 and the leaf-end sensing signal B needs to be cut. Since the minimum peak value of the tip sensing signal B can be obtained when the tip sensor 5 is farthest from the disk 4 within the tip clearance range, the initial threshold voltage is determined by using the minimum peak value of the tip sensing signal B, so that no signal is obtained for subsequent calculation due to the fact that the peak value is not cut when the tip sensing signal B is cut.
Intercepting a leaf end sensing signal B higher than a threshold voltage as a leaf end sensing signal C, searching a maximum voltage value in the leaf end sensing signal C, taking a constant percentage of the maximum value of the current circle as the threshold voltage of the next circle, and further realizing self-adaptive interception of the leaf end sensing signal B. What is meant here is that a rotation of the blade wheel involves N blades, so that there are N pulses per rotation, producing N peaks, where a constant percentage of the maximum voltage is taken as the threshold voltage for the next rotation, so that the threshold voltage for each rotation will be different, which is also the adaptive clipping that i mention.
Since the tip sensing signal B is in a pulse form, the selection of the percentage needs to ensure that all tip characteristics of the tip sensing signal B are completely intercepted, and needs to avoid intercepting noise signals at the bottom. The selection can be generally performed in the range of 40% to 80% according to the result obtained by the early calibration signal.
The processed leaf-end sensing signal C is shown in fig. 3, wherein the leaf-end sensing signal C is set to have a scale parameter beta, a peak time tau and an amplitude parameter alpha.
(5) Coarse-scale parameter beta of resampling scale transformation
In the rough dimension parameter module 9, the dimension of the calibration signal C and the dimension of the leaf tip sensing signal C are transformed to be consistent by utilizing the dimension parameter beta; in the rotational speed synchronization signal module 10, the rotational speed ω of the measurement process is acquired in real time 2 . The specific transformation method is as follows: taking the number of data points corresponding to the width of the blade end face as a reference, setting the sampling frequency of the signal acquisition module 8 as f m The width of the end face of the blade is b, the rotation radius of the blade is R, and the rotating speed in the process of acquiring the calibration signal is omega 1 The number of data points of the calibration signal C relative to the reference is expressed as:
N 1 ＝(f m ·b)/(ω 1 ·R) (2)
when the rotation speed of the measuring process is omega 2 The number of data points of the tip sensing signal C with respect to the reference is expressed as:
N 2 ＝(f m ·b)/(ω 2 ·R) (3)
thus the scale factor is expressed as
β＝N 1 /N 2 ＝ω 2 /ω 1 (4)
Leaf-setting endThe sensing signal C is f 2 (k),k＝1,2,…,M k The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The calibration signal C is d (q), q=1, 2, …, M q The peak time is k a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Beta ' is the integer closest to beta, the calibration signal D is D ' (k) =d (q '), where q ' = (k-1) beta ' +1, satisfying (M k -1)β’+1＝M q 。
(6) Correlation matching operation coarse peak time tau
It is easy to know that the calibration signal D is linearly related to the tip sensing signal C, and the correlation coefficient between the calibration signal D and the tip sensing signal C is expressed as:
wherein: d 'is a abbreviated form of the calibration signal D d' (k), f 2 For tip sensing signal C f 2 (k) In the abbreviated form of C (d', f) 2 ) For d' and f 2 Is a covariance of (2); sigma (d ') is the standard deviation of d'; sigma (f) 2 ) Is f 2 Standard deviation of (2); the expressions are respectively:
wherein:is the mean value of d' (k),>is f 2 (k) Is a mean value of (c).
Within the coarse peaking time block, the signal peaking time is coarsely calculated where the correlation coefficient is greatest, i.e., when r (d', f 2 ) When=max, the peak time τ of the leaf-edge sensing signal C is obtained.
(7) Standard function fitting coarse-solving amplitude parameter alpha
In the rough amplitude parameter calculating module 12, waveforms of pulse part data segments before and after the rough peak moment are taken, and an amplitude parameter alpha can be obtained through fitting, wherein a fitting formula is as follows:
wherein t=0, 1,2,3 … tau-1, S is a standard function, and a Gaussian function, a Gaussian-like function or a parabolic function is selected.
(8) Method for solving scale parameter beta and peak time tau by fusing inverse function and optimization
As shown in fig. 4, for tip sensing signal C f 2 (k) The symmetry axis is k=τ, let τ left function be f 21 ＝S 1 [β(k-τ)]The right side function of τ is f 22 ＝S 2 [β(k-τ)]，S 1 、S 2 Are all standard functions; the inverse function of the tip sensing signal C is expressed as a τ upper side function of k=1/βg' 1 (f 21 ) +τ, τ underside function is k=1/βg' 2 (f 22 ) +τ; the optimization method is adopted to realize the accurate calculation of the scale parameter beta and the peak time tau, and the formula is as follows: :
the optimization method is a solving method and is a method for solving the optimization problem. The formula (10) is a mathematical expression using an optimization method, that is, β and τ are optimal when the formula 10 is satisfied, and the two are precisely solved.
(9) Iterative refinement of the amplitude parameter alpha
And (3) in the refined amplitude parameter module 14, substituting the scale parameter beta and the peak time tau which are refined in the step (8) into the fitting formula of the amplitude parameter alpha in the step (7) again, and performing multiple iterations to achieve the refined amplitude parameter alpha.
(10) Obtaining tip clearance
The amplitude parameter alpha of the blade tip sensing signal C is a parameter directly related to the blade tip clearance, and the high-precision measurement of the blade tip clearance can be realized by substituting the amplitude parameter alpha obtained in the step (9) into the calibration curve obtained in the step (2). Tip clearance may be expressed as:
c＝y(α) (11)
(11) Obtaining the arrival time of the blade tip
Let T be the sampling period of the sensing signal C of the blade tip, utilize peak time tau that step (8) finds, can realize the high-accuracy measurement of the blade tip arrival time. The tip arrival time may be expressed as:
t＝τT (12)
finally, it should be pointed out that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the computational process of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the calculations described in the foregoing examples may be modified or equivalents substituted for some of the parameters thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the calculation method of the invention.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. The above description of specific embodiments is intended to describe and illustrate the technical aspects of the present invention, and is intended to be illustrative only and not limiting. Numerous specific modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention and scope of the claims, which are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The system is characterized by comprising a blade tip clearance and blade tip arrival time simultaneous measurement module (1), a calibration signal acquisition module (2) and a calibration curve acquisition module (3);
the blade tip clearance and blade tip arrival time simultaneous measurement module (1) comprises a calibration signal acquisition module (2), a rough dimension parameter module (9), a rough peak time module (11), a rough amplitude parameter module (12), a fine dimension parameter and peak time module (13), a fine amplitude parameter module (14) and a blade tip clearance measurement module (15) which are connected in sequence, and also comprises a rotating speed synchronous signal module (10) and a blade tip timing measurement module (16), wherein the rotating speed synchronous signal module (10) is connected with the rough dimension parameter module (9), and the fine dimension parameter and peak time module (13) is connected with the blade tip timing measurement module (16);
the calibration signal acquisition module (2) comprises a leaf end sensor (5), a signal processing module (6), a signal cutting module (7) and a signal acquisition module (8) which are connected in sequence, and also comprises a leaf disc (4) to be tested; the leaf end sensor (5) is arranged on the casing and is opposite to the leaf disc (4) to be tested; the signal acquisition module (8) is also connected with the coarse peak time module (11);
the calibration curve acquisition module (3) comprises a calibration blade (17), a blade end sensor (5), a signal processing module (6) and a calibration curve fitting module (18) which are connected in sequence; a calibration curve fitting module (18) is connected with the tip clearance measuring module (15).
2. The simultaneous tip clearance and tip arrival time measurement system according to claim 1, wherein a tip sensing signal generated when a blade in a blade disc (4) to be measured sweeps over a tip sensor (5) is defined as a tip sensing signal a, a tip sensing signal a subjected to signal processing is defined as a tip sensing signal B, and a cut tip sensing signal B is defined as a tip sensing signal C;
defining a leaf end sensing signal under the lowest rotating speed and the minimum leaf tip clearance which can be measured in one circle of rotation of any leaf in the leaf disc (4) to be measured as a calibration signal A, defining a calibration signal A subjected to signal processing as a calibration signal B, defining a calibration signal B subjected to cutting as a calibration signal C, and defining the calibration signal C subjected to scale conversion as a calibration signal D; defining a leaf end sensing signal generated by a leaf end sensor (5) swept by a calibration leaf (17) as a calibration curve signal;
in the simultaneous measurement module (1) of the blade tip clearance and the blade tip arrival time, a blade end sensor (5) acquires a blade end sensing signal A from a blade disc (4) to be measured;
the signal processing module (6) filters and amplifies the leaf end sensing signal A to obtain a leaf end sensing signal B;
the signal cutting module (7) is used for adaptively setting threshold voltage and cutting the leaf end sensing signal B to obtain a leaf end sensing signal C;
the signal acquisition module (8) receives the leaf end sensing signal C and transmits the leaf end sensing signal C to the coarse scale parameter calculation module (9);
the rough dimension parameter module (9) is used for resampling the width and dimension parameter beta of the rough leaf end sensing signal C by utilizing the data;
the rough peak time module (11) is used for rough peak time tau by utilizing a correlation matching method;
the rough amplitude parameter module (12) is used for rough amplitude parameter alpha by utilizing a standard function fitting method;
the precise dimension parameter and peak time module (13) is used for precisely solving the dimension parameter beta and the peak time tau by utilizing a fusion inverse function and an optimization method;
the refined amplitude parameter module (14) is used for refining the amplitude parameter alpha by using an iterative method;
the blade tip clearance measurement module (15) is used for acquiring blade tip clearance by utilizing the amplitude parameter alpha and the calibration curve;
the blade tip timing measurement module (16) is used for acquiring blade tip timing time by using the peak time tau;
in the calibration signal acquisition module (2), a leaf end sensor (5) acquires a calibration signal A from a leaf disc (4) to be tested;
the signal processing module (6) filters and amplifies the calibration signal A to obtain a calibration signal B;
the signal cutting module (7) is used for adaptively setting threshold voltage and cutting the calibration signal B to obtain a calibration signal C;
the signal acquisition module (8) receives the calibration signal C and transmits the calibration signal C to the coarse scale parameter module (9);
in the calibration curve acquisition module (3), the calibration blade (17) is a blade selected independently on the blade disc (4) to be tested, and the blade end sensor (5) is opposite to the calibration blade (17) and is used for acquiring calibration curve signals under different blade tip clearances; the signal processing module (6) is used for receiving calibration curve signals under different blade tip gaps and carrying out filtering and amplifying treatment; the calibration curve fitting module (18) is used for carrying out one-to-one correspondence on different blade tip gaps and calibration curve signal peaks, fitting and obtaining a calibration curve.
3. A high-precision simultaneous measurement method for blade tip gaps and blade tip arrival moments is characterized by defining a blade tip sensing signal generated when blades in a blade disc to be measured sweep a blade tip sensor as a blade tip sensing signal A, and defining the minimum rotation speed which can be measured in one rotation of the blades in the blade disc (4) to be measured and the blade tip sensing signal under the minimum blade tip gaps as a calibration signal A; comprising the following steps:
s1, obtaining a calibration signal;
the leaf end sensor acquires a calibration signal A, noise interference in the calibration signal A is removed in the signal processing module to obtain a calibration signal B, a threshold voltage is set in the signal cutting module to cut the calibration signal B to obtain a calibration signal C, and the signal acquisition module acquires the calibration signal C for a subsequent measurement process;
s2, obtaining a calibration curve;
before fixing the blade end sensor on the calibration blade, traversing the calibration blade from the minimum blade tip clearance measurement value to the maximum blade tip clearance measurement value, and scanning the calibration blade one by the blade end sensor to obtain a plurality of calibration curve signals A; removing noise interference in the calibration curve signal A in the signal processing module to obtain a calibration curve signal B; different calibration curve signal B peak values are obtained in a calibration curve fitting module, different blade tip gaps correspond to the different calibration curve signal B peak values, and a calibration curve is obtained through a curve fitting method and is used for subsequent blade tip gap measurement;
s3, processing a leaf end sensing signal A;
the leaf end sensor acquires a leaf end sensing signal A, a sliding average value filtering method is adopted in the signal processing module, the average value of N points before and after a sampling point is used as a filtering result of the current sampling point, noise interference in the leaf end sensing signal A is removed, and a leaf end sensing signal B is obtained;
s4, adaptively setting threshold voltage;
when the leaf end sensor is farthest from the leaf disc in the range of the leaf tip clearance range, a minimum peak value of a leaf end sensing signal B can be obtained, and an initial threshold voltage is determined by using the minimum peak value of the leaf end sensing signal B; intercepting a leaf end sensing signal B higher than an initial threshold voltage as a leaf end sensing signal C, searching a maximum voltage value in the leaf end sensing signal C, and taking a constant percentage of the maximum voltage value of a current circle as the threshold voltage of a next circle to realize the self-adaptive interception of the leaf end sensing signal B; the C scale parameter of the leaf end sensing signal is set as beta, the peak time is tau, and the amplitude parameter is alpha;
s5, resampling scale transformation coarse-solving a scale parameter beta;
the scale of the calibration signal C and the scale of the leaf end sensing signal C are transformed to be consistent by utilizing a scale parameter beta in a rough-scale parameter module, so as to obtain a calibration signal D;
s6, roughly solving peak time tau by using a correlation matching algorithm;
the definition of the pearson correlation coefficient is used for obtaining the correlation coefficient relation between the calibration signal D and the leaf-end sensing signal C, and the signal peak time tau of the leaf-end sensing signal C is calculated at the position with the maximum correlation coefficient;
s7, roughly solving an amplitude parameter alpha by using a standard function fitting method;
in the rough amplitude parameter obtaining module, waveforms of pulse part data segments before and after the signal peak time tau obtained in the step S6 are taken, and an amplitude parameter alpha is obtained through a fitting formula;
s8, accurately solving a scale parameter beta and a peak value moment tau by a fusion inverse function and an optimization method;
in the module for precisely solving the scale parameter and the peak time, taking the signal peak time tau obtained in the step S6 as a symmetry axis to obtain an inverse function of the leaf end sensing signal C, and adopting an optimization method to precisely solve the scale parameter beta and the peak time tau;
s9, iterating and precisely calculating an amplitude parameter alpha;
substituting the scale parameter beta and the peak time tau obtained by the fine calculation in the step S8 into the fitting formula of the amplitude parameter alpha in the step S7 again, and performing a plurality of iterations to realize the fine calculation of the amplitude parameter alpha;
s10, obtaining a blade tip clearance;
substituting the amplitude parameter alpha obtained in the step S9 into the calibration curve obtained in the step S2 to realize the measurement of the blade tip clearance;
s11, acquiring the arrival time of the blade tip;
let T be the sampling period of the sensing signal C of the leaf tip, utilize peak time tau that step S8 obtained, realize the measurement of the arrival time of tip, the arrival time of tip is expressed as:
t＝τT (12)。
4. the method for high-precision simultaneous measurement of tip clearance and tip arrival time according to claim 3, wherein in step S3, the tip sensing signal B is f 1 (i)，f 1 (i) The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein i represents each sampling point of the leaf end sensing signal B; n represents the total sampling point number of the leaf-end sensing signal B, and N is determined by the length of the leaf-end sensing signal B and the sampling frequency.
5. A tip clearance and tip arrival time high accuracy simultaneous measurement method according to claim 3, wherein the constant percentage in step S4 is in the range of 40% to 80%.
6. A tip clearance and tip arrival time high-precision simultaneous measurement method according to claim 3, wherein in step S5, the scale transformation method is as follows: taking the number of data points corresponding to the width of the blade end face as a reference, and setting the sampling frequency of the signal acquisition module as f m The width of the end face of the blade is b, the rotation radius of the blade is R, and the rotating speed in the process of acquiring the calibration signal is omega 1 At the time of rotation speed synchronizationThe rotating speed omega of the measuring process is obtained in the signal module in real time 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The number of data points of the calibration signal C relative to the reference is expressed as:
N 1 ＝(f m ·b)/(ω 1 ·R) (2)
when the rotation speed of the measuring process is omega 2 At the time, the number N of data points of the leaf end sensing signal C 2 Expressed relative to the reference as:
N 2 ＝(f m ·b)/(ω 2 ·R) (3)
thus the scale factor is expressed as
β＝N 1 /N 2 ＝ω 2 /ω 1 (4)
Let leaf tip sensing signal C be f 2 (k),k＝1,2,…,M k The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The calibration signal C is d (q), q=1, 2, …, M q The peak time is k a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Beta ' is the integer closest to beta, the calibration signal D is D ' (k) =d (q '), where q ' = (k-1) beta ' +1, satisfying (M k -1)β’+1＝M q 。
7. A method for high precision simultaneous measurement of tip clearance and tip arrival time according to claim 3, wherein in step S6, the correlation coefficient between the calibration signal D and the tip sensor signal C is expressed as:
wherein: d 'is a abbreviated form of the calibration signal Dd' (k), f 2 Is the leaf tip sensing signal Cf 2 (k) In the abbreviated form of C (d', f) 2 ) For d' and f 2 Is a covariance of (2); sigma (d ') is the standard deviation of d'; sigma (f) 2 ) Is f 2 Standard deviation of (2); the expressions are respectively:
wherein:is the mean value of d' (k),>is f 2 (k) Is the average value of (2);
within the coarse peaking time block, the signal peaking time is coarsely calculated where the correlation coefficient is greatest, i.e., when r (d', f 2 ) When=max, the peak time τ of the leaf-edge sensing signal C is obtained.
8. The method for high-precision simultaneous measurement of tip clearance and tip arrival time according to claim 3, wherein in step S7, waveforms of pulse portions before and after a signal peak time τ are taken; the amplitude parameter alpha is obtained through fitting, and the fitting formula is as follows:
wherein t=0, 1,2,3 … tau-1, S is a standard function, and a Gaussian function, a Gaussian-like function or a parabolic function is selected.
9. A method for high accuracy simultaneous measurement of tip clearance and tip arrival time according to claim 3, wherein in step S8, for the tip sensor signal Cf 2 (k) The symmetry axis is k=τ, let τ left function be f 21 ＝S 1 [β(k-τ)]The right side function of τ is f 22 ＝S 2 [β(k-τ)]，S 1 、S 2 Are allA standard function; the inverse function of the tip sensing signal C is expressed as a τ upper side function of k=1/βg' 1 (f 21 ) +τ, τ underside function is k=1/βg' 2 (f 22 ) +τ; the optimization method is adopted to realize the accurate calculation of the scale parameter beta and the peak time tau, and the formula is as follows:
10. a tip clearance and tip arrival time high accuracy simultaneous measurement method according to claim 3, wherein in step S10, the tip clearance is expressed as:
c＝y(α) (11)。
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