CN114838118A - Thermal expansion compensation mechanism and end expansion structure and spiral transmission structure applying same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a thermal expansion compensation mechanism and an end expansion structure, a screw transmission structure and a thermal expansion compensation mechanism used therein, comprising a main shaft box, a thermal expansion component, a compensation rod and a temperature controller; a temperature monitoring device is installed on the thermal expansion component , A heating and temperature monitoring device is installed on the compensation rod, the movable end of the compensation rod is connected with the fixed end of the thermal expansion part, the fixed end of the thermal expansion part is connected with the headstock, the thermal expansion coefficient of the compensation rod and the thermal expansion part is the same, and the temperature is controlled The device is connected to the temperature monitoring device on the thermal expansion part and the heating and temperature monitoring device on the compensation rod. The invention greatly improves the accuracy and stability of the equipment when it is just running or running irregularly, so that the equipment can be put into use without idling and preheating, and solves the problem of unstable precision caused by irregular thermal expansion. problem, and improve the efficiency of equipment use.

Description

Thermal expansion compensation mechanism and its application of end expansion structure and screw transmission structure

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of thermal expansion compensation, in particular to a thermal expansion compensation mechanism and an end expansion structure and a screw drive structure used therefor.

Background technique

In the working process of precision automation equipment and machine tools, due to the characteristics of some structures or mechanisms, heat will be generated, and this heat will cause the overall or local temperature of the main components to be different from the ambient temperature. Due to the difference in temperature, corresponding thermal expansion of the main components will occur. Although the expansion volume will become stable after the equipment has been running for a period of time, it will not have much impact on the use of the equipment, but before the official operation, the equipment needs to run for a period of time to stabilize the expansion volume before it can be operated. . This situation will affect the normal use efficiency of the equipment, and will also increase the wear and tear of the equipment.

In precision equipment, the clamping mechanism is a very important structure, which directly affects the accuracy of the produced products. However, after many automatic clamping mechanisms work for a period of time, they will generate heat or indirectly receive heat due to the factors of their working principle. produce expansion. For example, the electromagnetic sucker will generate a certain temperature due to the electromagnetic field; in the hydraulic clamping mechanism, frictional heat will be generated during the working process of the oil pump, which will cause the hydraulic oil to heat up and conduct to the clamping mechanism.

For example, when the main material of the electromagnetic chuck is made of marble, when its overall thickness is 150mm, and its own temperature is 30°C higher than the ambient temperature, its expansion can reach 0.0207mm. The accumulated error is likely to fail to meet the quality requirements, and even some precision parts require a much smaller error than this value.

In precision equipment, the mechanism most likely to cause such problems is the screw transmission mechanism, such as ball screws, trapezoidal screws, etc. The frictional heat during the working process of the screw drive will cause the temperature of the screw to change. This temperature change will change according to the change of the main working position of the screw, the change of the working strength and other factors. For example, in a screw transmission mechanism that is often used in high-speed reciprocation, the frequent reciprocating distance is 500mm, and when the temperature of the screw is 40°C higher than the ambient temperature, its expansion can reach 0.25mm.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a thermal expansion compensation mechanism and an end expansion structure and a screw transmission structure for its application.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme of the present invention is: a thermal expansion compensation mechanism, including a headstock, thermal expansion parts, compensation rods, and a temperature controller; a temperature monitoring device is installed on the thermal expansion parts, and a heating and temperature controller is installed on the compensation rod. Monitoring device, the movable end of the compensation rod is connected with the fixed end of the thermal expansion part, the fixed end of the thermal expansion part is connected with the headstock, the thermal expansion coefficient of the compensation rod and the thermal expansion part is the same, and the temperature controller and the temperature monitoring on the thermal expansion part The heating and temperature monitoring devices on the device, the compensation rod are connected.

The end expansion structure has a thermal expansion compensation mechanism. The thermal expansion component is a clamping mechanism. A temperature monitoring device is installed on the clamping mechanism. The fixed end of the clamping mechanism is connected to the spindle box. It is slidably connected with the sliding rail, the sliding rail is installed on the first frame, the first frame is connected with the fixed end of the compensation rod, the movable end of the compensation rod is connected with the fixed end of the clamping mechanism, and the heating and temperature monitoring device is installed on the compensation rod .

Further, it also includes a sliding plate 1, the sliding plate 1 is an L-shaped structure, the long side of the sliding plate 1 is horizontally fixed between the headstock and the sliding block 1, the short side of the sliding plate 1 is vertically downward, and the inner side of the sliding plate 1 is connected to the movable end of the compensation rod. connect.

The screw transmission structure has a thermal expansion compensation mechanism. The thermal expansion component is a screw rod. A temperature monitoring device is installed on the screw rod. The fixed end of the screw rod is connected to the spindle box through a nut. , the slide rail is installed on the frame two, the frame two is connected with the fixed end of the compensation rod, the movable end of the compensation rod is connected with the movable end of the screw rod through the motor mounting frame, the motor mounting frame is installed with a traveling motor, and the traveling motor is connected with the screw rod The movable end of the motor mounting frame is slidably connected to the slide rail through the second slider, and a heating and temperature monitoring device is installed on the compensation rod.

Further, it also includes a second sliding plate, the second sliding plate is fixed between the headstock and the first sliding block, and the nut is fixed on the second sliding plate.

Further, the second frame is connected with the fixed end of the compensation rod through the fixed block.

Further, a number of temperature monitoring devices are installed on the screw at intervals, and a corresponding number of heating and temperature monitoring devices are installed on the compensation rod corresponding to the temperature monitoring devices on the screw.

The invention greatly improves the accuracy and stability of the equipment when it is just running or running irregularly, so that the equipment can be put into use without pre-heating during idling, and solves the problem of unstable accuracy caused by irregular thermal expansion. problem, and improve the efficiency of equipment use.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a front view of an end expansion structure;

Figure 2 is a side view of the end expansion structure;

Fig. 3 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 2;

Figure 4 is a front view of a screw drive structure;

Figure 5 is a side view of the screw drive structure;

Fig. 6 is the B-B sectional view of Fig. 5;

Figure 7 is a logic diagram of thermal expansion compensation.

Among them: 1. Clamping mechanism; 2. Spindle box; 3. Slide one; 4. Slide one; 5. Slide rail; 6. Frame one; 7. Compensation rod; 8. Heating and temperature monitoring device; Skateboard II; 10. Fixed block; 11. Frame II; 12. Nut; 13. Traveling motor; 14. Screw; 15. Slider II; 16. Motor mounting frame.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-7.

Thermal expansion compensation mechanism, including headstock 2, thermal expansion parts, compensation rod 7, and temperature controller; a temperature monitoring device is installed on the thermal expansion parts, a heating and temperature monitoring device 8 is installed on the compensation rod 7, and the movable end of the compensation rod 7 It is connected with the fixed end of the thermal expansion part, and the fixed end of the thermal expansion part is connected with the headstock 2. The thermal expansion coefficient of the compensation rod 7 is the same as that of the thermal expansion part. The heating and temperature monitoring device 8 is connected.

Data is fed into the temperature controller in real time through temperature monitoring devices on thermally expanding components. The temperature controller heats the compensation rod 7 through the monitored temperature data, and then corrects the data through the temperature monitoring device on the compensation rod 7 . Since the material of the compensation rod 7 is the same as the material of the thermal expansion parts, the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the two is also the same. We use the temperature monitoring device and the heating device to make the temperature of the two are the same, so as to realize the expansion of the two The values can also be consistent to achieve the purpose of compensation.

The end expansion structure has a thermal expansion compensation mechanism. The thermal expansion component is a clamping mechanism 1. A temperature monitoring device is installed on the clamping mechanism 1. The fixed end of the clamping mechanism 1 is connected to the spindle box 2. , the long side of the slide plate one 3 is horizontally fixed between the spindle box 2 and the slider one 4, the short side of the slide plate one 3 is vertically downward, the inner side is connected with the movable end of the compensation rod 7, and the slider one 4 is connected to the slide rail 5 sliding connection, the slide rail 5 is installed on the frame one 6, the frame one 6 is connected with the fixed end of the compensation rod 7, the movable end of the compensation rod 7 is connected with the fixed end of the clamping mechanism 1, and the compensation rod 7 is installed with Heating and temperature monitoring device 8.

When thermal expansion of the clamping mechanism 1 occurs, the structures shown in FIGS. 1-3 can be adopted. A slide rail 5 and a slider 1 4 are installed between the spindle box 2 and the frame one 6, so that they can be adjusted. Add compensating rod 7 with heating and temperature monitoring device 8. A temperature monitoring device should also be added to the clamping mechanism 1 . Dilation can be compensated for by the compensation logic in FIG. 7 .

In actual use, the size of the clamping mechanism 1 is 150mm, and when the temperature difference is 30°C, its thermal expansion is 0.0207mm, which can be compensated back to 0.0186-0.227mm by this device, basically 85% of the deviation can be compensated.

The screw transmission structure has a thermal expansion compensation mechanism. The thermal expansion component is a screw 14. The second sliding plate 9 is fixed between the main shaft box 2 and the sliding block 1 4. The nut 12 is fixed on the sliding plate 2 9, and the nut 12 is connected with the fixed end of the screw 14. , the slider one 4 is slidably connected with the slide rail 5, the slide rail 5 is installed on the frame two 11, the frame two 11 is connected with the fixed end of the compensation rod 7 through the fixing block 10, and the movable end of the compensation rod 7 passes through the motor mounting frame 16 is connected with the movable end of the screw 14, the motor mounting frame 16 is mounted with a traveling motor 13, the traveling motor 13 is connected with the movable end of the screw 14, the motor mounting frame 16 is slidably connected with the slide rail 5 through the slider two 15, and the screw 14 is Several temperature monitoring devices are installed at intervals. The compensation rod 7 corresponds to the temperature monitoring devices on the screw 14, and a corresponding number of heating and temperature monitoring devices 8 are installed.

When the thermal expansion of the screw 14 in the screw transmission mechanism occurs, the structure shown in FIGS. 4-6 can be used to compensate. In the original structure, the motor mounting frame 16 and the second frame 11 are fixed and cannot be moved. During the improvement process, the motor mounting frame 16 needs to be made movable. The second 9 shares the slide rail 5; the compensating rod 7 with the heating and temperature monitoring device 8 is installed on the motor mounting frame 16, and the other end of the compensating rod 7 is fixed with the frame 2 11, so that the reverse adjustment can be realized.

During the specific use of the screw transmission mechanism, due to the different use positions and frequencies of the screw 14 and the nut 12 at different times, the position and duration of heat generated by the screw 14 also vary greatly. Therefore, the structure adopted in this example is multi-point temperature acquisition, the compensation rod 7 also needs to correspond to the number of temperature monitoring positions of the screw 14, and the heating and temperature monitoring device 8 is added, which makes the screw 14 and the compensation rod 7 in the same position The temperature should be as consistent as possible. In theory, the more temperature collection positions of the screw 14 are, the higher the compensation accuracy will be.

In actual use, the frequent reciprocating distance of the screw 14 is 500mm. When the temperature of the screw 14 is 40°C higher than the ambient temperature, its expansion can reach 0.25mm, and the distance that can achieve segmental compensation can also be 0.212-0.275mm. The factors of the transmission structure, the position of its thermal expansion and the temperature difference with the environment are all determined according to the operating speed of the equipment and the operating trajectory of the equipment. This problem cannot be solved by idling the heat engine. This solution can solve the problem well.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. The equivalent replacement or change of the inventive concept thereof shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A thermal expansion compensation mechanism, characterized in that it comprises a headstock (2), thermal expansion components, a compensation rod (7), and a temperature controller; a temperature monitoring device is installed on the thermal expansion components, and a heating element is installed on the compensation rod (7). and a temperature monitoring device (8), the movable end of the compensation rod (7) is connected with the fixed end of the thermal expansion part, the fixed end of the thermal expansion part is connected with the headstock (2), the compensation rod (7) is connected with the thermal expansion of the thermal expansion part The coefficients are the same, and the temperature controller is connected with the temperature monitoring device on the thermal expansion part and the heating and temperature monitoring device (8) on the compensation rod (7). 2. The end expansion structure is characterized in that it has the thermal expansion compensation mechanism according to claim 1, the thermal expansion component is a clamping mechanism (1), and a temperature monitoring device is installed on the clamping mechanism (1), and the clamping mechanism ( The fixed end of 1) is connected with the spindle box (2), the spindle box (2) is connected with the slider one (4), the slider one (4) is slidably connected with the slide rail (5), and the slide rail (5) is installed on the machine. On the first frame (6), the first frame (6) is connected with the fixed end of the compensation rod (7), the movable end of the compensation rod (7) is connected with the fixed end of the clamping mechanism (1), and the compensation rod (7) is connected to the fixed end of the clamping mechanism (1). A heating and temperature monitoring device (8) is installed. 3. The end expansion structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that, it also comprises a slide plate one (3), the slide plate one (3) is an L-shaped structure, and the long side of the slide plate one (3) is horizontally fixed on the headstock ( 2) Between the slider one (4), the short side of the slider one (3) is vertically downward, and its inner side is connected with the movable end of the compensation rod (7). 4. The screw drive structure is characterized in that it has the thermal expansion compensation mechanism according to claim 1, the thermal expansion component is a screw (14), a temperature monitoring device is installed on the screw (14), and the fixed end of the screw (14) passes through a nut. (12) is connected with the spindle box (2), the spindle box (2) is connected with the slider one (4), the slider one (4) is slidably connected with the slide rail (5), and the slide rail (5) is installed on the frame two On (11), the second frame (11) is connected with the fixed end of the compensation rod (7), and the movable end of the compensation rod (7) is connected with the movable end of the screw (14) through the motor mounting frame (16), and the motor mounting frame The travel motor (13) is installed on the (16), the travel motor (13) is connected with the movable end of the screw (14), and the motor mounting frame (16) is slidably connected with the slide rail (5) through the second slider (15), to compensate A heating and temperature monitoring device (8) is installed on the rod (7). 5. The screw drive structure according to claim 4, characterized in that it further comprises two sliding plates (9), the second sliding plates (9) being fixed between the spindle box (2) and the first sliding block (4), and the nut (12) ) is fixed on the slide plate two (9). 6 . The screw drive structure according to claim 4 , wherein the second frame ( 11 ) is connected to the fixed end of the compensation rod ( 7 ) through a fixed block ( 10 ). 7 . 7. The screw drive structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, several temperature monitoring devices are installed on the screw (14) at intervals, and the compensation rod (7) corresponds to the temperature monitoring on the screw (14). The device is provided with a corresponding number of heating and temperature monitoring devices (8).

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