CN114838118A - Thermal expansion compensation mechanism and end expansion structure and spiral transmission structure applying same - Google Patents
Thermal expansion compensation mechanism and end expansion structure and spiral transmission structure applying same Download PDFInfo
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- CN114838118A CN114838118A CN202210333804.8A CN202210333804A CN114838118A CN 114838118 A CN114838118 A CN 114838118A CN 202210333804 A CN202210333804 A CN 202210333804A CN 114838118 A CN114838118 A CN 114838118A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/12—Arrangements for adjusting or for taking-up backlash not provided for elsewhere
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
- F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
- F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
- F16H25/24—Elements essential to such mechanisms, e.g. screws, nuts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/14—Supports; Fastening devices; Arrangements for mounting thermometers in particular locations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
- F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
- F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
- F16H25/24—Elements essential to such mechanisms, e.g. screws, nuts
- F16H2025/2445—Supports or other means for compensating misalignment or offset between screw and nut
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/12—Arrangements for adjusting or for taking-up backlash not provided for elsewhere
- F16H2057/126—Self-adjusting during operation, e.g. by a spring
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种热膨胀补偿机构及其应用的端部膨胀结构、螺旋传动结构,热膨胀补偿机构,包括主轴箱、热膨胀零部件、补偿杆、温度控制器;热膨胀零部件上安装有温度监测装置,补偿杆上安装有加热及温度监测装置,补偿杆的活动端与热膨胀零部件的固定端连接,热膨胀零部件的固定端与主轴箱连接,补偿杆与热膨胀零部件的热膨胀系数相同,温度控制器与热膨胀零部件上的温度监测装置、补偿杆上的加热及温度监测装置相连。本发明大大的提升了设备在刚运行或运行不规律时的精度稳定性,使设备可以在不空运行预热的情况下即可投入使用,并且解决了不规律的热膨胀导致的精度不稳定的问题,提升了设备的使用效率。
The invention discloses a thermal expansion compensation mechanism and an end expansion structure, a screw transmission structure and a thermal expansion compensation mechanism used therein, comprising a main shaft box, a thermal expansion component, a compensation rod and a temperature controller; a temperature monitoring device is installed on the thermal expansion component , A heating and temperature monitoring device is installed on the compensation rod, the movable end of the compensation rod is connected with the fixed end of the thermal expansion part, the fixed end of the thermal expansion part is connected with the headstock, the thermal expansion coefficient of the compensation rod and the thermal expansion part is the same, and the temperature is controlled The device is connected to the temperature monitoring device on the thermal expansion part and the heating and temperature monitoring device on the compensation rod. The invention greatly improves the accuracy and stability of the equipment when it is just running or running irregularly, so that the equipment can be put into use without idling and preheating, and solves the problem of unstable precision caused by irregular thermal expansion. problem, and improve the efficiency of equipment use.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及热膨胀补偿技术领域,尤其涉及一种热膨胀补偿机构及其应用的端部膨胀结构、螺旋传动结构。The invention relates to the technical field of thermal expansion compensation, in particular to a thermal expansion compensation mechanism and an end expansion structure and a screw drive structure used therefor.
背景技术Background technique
在精密的自动化设备及机床的工作过程中,由于一些结构或机构的特点,会产生热量,这些热量会造成主要零部件的整体或者局部的温度与环境温度有差异。由于温度的差异,将会导致主要零部件产生相应的热膨胀。虽然在设备运行一段时间后,膨胀量会趋于稳定,对于设备的使用不会有太多的影响,但在正式工作前,设备需要运转一段时间,使膨胀量趋于稳定后才能够进行作业。这种情况会影响设备的正常使用效率,也会增加设备磨损的情况。In the working process of precision automation equipment and machine tools, due to the characteristics of some structures or mechanisms, heat will be generated, and this heat will cause the overall or local temperature of the main components to be different from the ambient temperature. Due to the difference in temperature, corresponding thermal expansion of the main components will occur. Although the expansion volume will become stable after the equipment has been running for a period of time, it will not have much impact on the use of the equipment, but before the official operation, the equipment needs to run for a period of time to stabilize the expansion volume before it can be operated. . This situation will affect the normal use efficiency of the equipment, and will also increase the wear and tear of the equipment.
在精密设备中,夹持机构是很重要的结构,它直接影响着生产产品的精度,然而很多自动夹持机构在工作一段时间后,随着其工作原理的因素都会产生热量或间接接收热量导致产生膨胀。如电磁吸盘,由于电磁场的因素,会让自身产生一定温度;液压夹持机构,油泵工作过程中会产生摩擦生热,导致液压油升温从而传导至夹持机构。In precision equipment, the clamping mechanism is a very important structure, which directly affects the accuracy of the produced products. However, after many automatic clamping mechanisms work for a period of time, they will generate heat or indirectly receive heat due to the factors of their working principle. produce expansion. For example, the electromagnetic sucker will generate a certain temperature due to the electromagnetic field; in the hydraulic clamping mechanism, frictional heat will be generated during the working process of the oil pump, which will cause the hydraulic oil to heat up and conduct to the clamping mechanism.
如电磁吸盘其主体材料为大理石材质时,在其整体厚度为150mm时,其自身温度比环境温度高出30℃时,其膨胀量可以达到0.0207mm,如果再加上加工过程中的加工误差、累计误差,很可能会达不到质量要求,甚至有些精密零件要求的误差要比这个数值还要小很多。For example, when the main material of the electromagnetic chuck is made of marble, when its overall thickness is 150mm, and its own temperature is 30°C higher than the ambient temperature, its expansion can reach 0.0207mm. The accumulated error is likely to fail to meet the quality requirements, and even some precision parts require a much smaller error than this value.
在精密设备中,最容易产生这样问题的机构就是螺旋传动机构,如滚珠丝杠、梯形丝杠等。在螺旋传动工作过程中的摩擦热量会导致螺杆的温度产生变化,这种温度的变化会根据丝杆的主要工作位置的变化、工作强度的变化等因素产生变化。如一个经常高速往复使用的螺旋传动机构中,其频繁往复的距离为500mm,丝杆的温度比环境温度高40℃时,其膨胀量可以达到0.25mm。In precision equipment, the mechanism most likely to cause such problems is the screw transmission mechanism, such as ball screws, trapezoidal screws, etc. The frictional heat during the working process of the screw drive will cause the temperature of the screw to change. This temperature change will change according to the change of the main working position of the screw, the change of the working strength and other factors. For example, in a screw transmission mechanism that is often used in high-speed reciprocation, the frequent reciprocating distance is 500mm, and when the temperature of the screw is 40°C higher than the ambient temperature, its expansion can reach 0.25mm.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明为解决上述问题,提供一种热膨胀补偿机构及其应用的端部膨胀结构、螺旋传动结构。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a thermal expansion compensation mechanism and an end expansion structure and a screw transmission structure for its application.
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:热膨胀补偿机构,包括主轴箱、热膨胀零部件、补偿杆、温度控制器;热膨胀零部件上安装有温度监测装置,补偿杆上安装有加热及温度监测装置,补偿杆的活动端与热膨胀零部件的固定端连接,热膨胀零部件的固定端与主轴箱连接,补偿杆与热膨胀零部件的热膨胀系数相同,温度控制器与热膨胀零部件上的温度监测装置、补偿杆上的加热及温度监测装置相连。In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme of the present invention is: a thermal expansion compensation mechanism, including a headstock, thermal expansion parts, compensation rods, and a temperature controller; a temperature monitoring device is installed on the thermal expansion parts, and a heating and temperature controller is installed on the compensation rod. Monitoring device, the movable end of the compensation rod is connected with the fixed end of the thermal expansion part, the fixed end of the thermal expansion part is connected with the headstock, the thermal expansion coefficient of the compensation rod and the thermal expansion part is the same, and the temperature controller and the temperature monitoring on the thermal expansion part The heating and temperature monitoring devices on the device, the compensation rod are connected.
端部膨胀结构,具有热膨胀补偿机构,热膨胀零部件为夹持机构,夹持机构上安装有温度监测装置,夹持机构的固定端与主轴箱连接,主轴箱与滑块一连接,滑块一与滑轨滑动连接,滑轨安装在机架一上,机架一与补偿杆的固定端连接,补偿杆的活动端与夹持机构的固定端连接,补偿杆上安装有加热及温度监测装置。The end expansion structure has a thermal expansion compensation mechanism. The thermal expansion component is a clamping mechanism. A temperature monitoring device is installed on the clamping mechanism. The fixed end of the clamping mechanism is connected to the spindle box. It is slidably connected with the sliding rail, the sliding rail is installed on the first frame, the first frame is connected with the fixed end of the compensation rod, the movable end of the compensation rod is connected with the fixed end of the clamping mechanism, and the heating and temperature monitoring device is installed on the compensation rod .
进一步的,还包括滑板一,滑板一为L型结构,滑板一的长边水平固定在主轴箱与滑块一之间,滑板一的短边竖直向下,其内侧与补偿杆的活动端连接。Further, it also includes a sliding plate 1, the sliding plate 1 is an L-shaped structure, the long side of the sliding plate 1 is horizontally fixed between the headstock and the sliding block 1, the short side of the sliding plate 1 is vertically downward, and the inner side of the sliding plate 1 is connected to the movable end of the compensation rod. connect.
螺旋传动结构,具有热膨胀补偿机构,热膨胀零部件为螺杆,螺杆上安装有温度监测装置,螺杆的固定端通过螺母与主轴箱连接,主轴箱与滑块一连接,滑块一与滑轨滑动连接,滑轨安装在机架二上,机架二与补偿杆的固定端连接,补偿杆的活动端通过电机安装架与螺杆的活动端连接,电机安装架上安装有行走电机,行走电机与螺杆的活动端连接,电机安装架通过滑块二与滑轨滑动连接,补偿杆上安装有加热及温度监测装置。The screw transmission structure has a thermal expansion compensation mechanism. The thermal expansion component is a screw rod. A temperature monitoring device is installed on the screw rod. The fixed end of the screw rod is connected to the spindle box through a nut. , the slide rail is installed on the frame two, the frame two is connected with the fixed end of the compensation rod, the movable end of the compensation rod is connected with the movable end of the screw rod through the motor mounting frame, the motor mounting frame is installed with a traveling motor, and the traveling motor is connected with the screw rod The movable end of the motor mounting frame is slidably connected to the slide rail through the second slider, and a heating and temperature monitoring device is installed on the compensation rod.
进一步的,还包括滑板二,滑板二固定在主轴箱与滑块一之间,螺母固定在滑板二上。Further, it also includes a second sliding plate, the second sliding plate is fixed between the headstock and the first sliding block, and the nut is fixed on the second sliding plate.
进一步的,机架二通过固定块与补偿杆的固定端连接。Further, the second frame is connected with the fixed end of the compensation rod through the fixed block.
进一步的,螺杆上间隔安装有若干个温度监测装置,补偿杆上对应于螺杆上的温度监测装置,安装有相应数量的加热及温度监测装置。Further, a number of temperature monitoring devices are installed on the screw at intervals, and a corresponding number of heating and temperature monitoring devices are installed on the compensation rod corresponding to the temperature monitoring devices on the screw.
本发明大大的提升了设备在刚运行或运行不规律时的精度稳定性,使设备可以在不空运行预热的情况下即可投入使用,并且解决了不规律的热膨胀导致的精度不稳定的问题,提升了设备的使用效率。The invention greatly improves the accuracy and stability of the equipment when it is just running or running irregularly, so that the equipment can be put into use without pre-heating during idling, and solves the problem of unstable accuracy caused by irregular thermal expansion. problem, and improve the efficiency of equipment use.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是端部膨胀结构主视图;Figure 1 is a front view of an end expansion structure;
图2是端部膨胀结构侧视图;Figure 2 is a side view of the end expansion structure;
图3是图2的A-A剖视图;Fig. 3 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 2;
图4是螺旋传动结构主视图;Figure 4 is a front view of a screw drive structure;
图5是螺旋传动结构侧视图;Figure 5 is a side view of the screw drive structure;
图6是图5的B-B剖视图;Fig. 6 is the B-B sectional view of Fig. 5;
图7是热膨胀补偿逻辑图。Figure 7 is a logic diagram of thermal expansion compensation.
其中:1、夹持机构;2、主轴箱;3、滑板一;4、滑块一;5、滑轨;6、机架一;7、补偿杆;8、加热及温度监测装置;9、滑板二;10、固定块;11、机架二;12、螺母;13、行走电机;14、螺杆;15、滑块二;16、电机安装架。Among them: 1. Clamping mechanism; 2. Spindle box; 3. Slide one; 4. Slide one; 5. Slide rail; 6. Frame one; 7. Compensation rod; 8. Heating and temperature monitoring device; Skateboard II; 10. Fixed block; 11. Frame II; 12. Nut; 13. Traveling motor; 14. Screw; 15. Slider II; 16. Motor mounting frame.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图1-7对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-7.
热膨胀补偿机构,包括主轴箱2、热膨胀零部件、补偿杆7、温度控制器;热膨胀零部件上安装有温度监测装置,补偿杆7上安装有加热及温度监测装置8,补偿杆7的活动端与热膨胀零部件的固定端连接,热膨胀零部件的固定端与主轴箱2连接,补偿杆7与热膨胀零部件的热膨胀系数相同,温度控制器与热膨胀零部件上的温度监测装置、补偿杆7上的加热及温度监测装置8相连。Thermal expansion compensation mechanism, including
通过热膨胀零部件上的温度监测装置实时将数据输入到温度控制器中。温度控制器通过监测的温度的数据,给补偿杆7加热,再通过补偿杆7上的温度监测装置实施修正数据。由于补偿杆7的材料与热膨胀零部件的材料是一致的,所以两者的线性热膨胀系数也是一致的,我们通过温度监测装置及加热装置让两者的温度也是一致的,从而实现两者的膨胀的数值也能够一致,进而达到补偿的目的。Data is fed into the temperature controller in real time through temperature monitoring devices on thermally expanding components. The temperature controller heats the compensation rod 7 through the monitored temperature data, and then corrects the data through the temperature monitoring device on the compensation rod 7 . Since the material of the compensation rod 7 is the same as the material of the thermal expansion parts, the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the two is also the same. We use the temperature monitoring device and the heating device to make the temperature of the two are the same, so as to realize the expansion of the two The values can also be consistent to achieve the purpose of compensation.
端部膨胀结构,具有热膨胀补偿机构,热膨胀零部件为夹持机构1,夹持机构1上安装有温度监测装置,夹持机构1的固定端与主轴箱2连接,滑板一3为L型结构,滑板一3的长边水平固定在主轴箱2与滑块一4之间,滑板一3的短边竖直向下,其内侧与补偿杆7的活动端连接,滑块一4与滑轨5滑动连接,滑轨5安装在机架一6上,机架一6与补偿杆7的固定端连接,补偿杆7的活动端与夹持机构1的固定端连接,补偿杆7上安装有加热及温度监测装置8。The end expansion structure has a thermal expansion compensation mechanism. The thermal expansion component is a clamping mechanism 1. A temperature monitoring device is installed on the clamping mechanism 1. The fixed end of the clamping mechanism 1 is connected to the
在夹持机构1出现热膨胀时,可采用图1-3中的结构。将主轴箱2与机架一6之间加装滑轨5和滑块一4,使之可以进行调节。增加带有加热及温度监测装置8的补偿杆7。夹持机构1上也要增加温度监测装置。通过图7中的补偿逻辑就可对膨胀进行补偿。When thermal expansion of the clamping mechanism 1 occurs, the structures shown in FIGS. 1-3 can be adopted. A
实际使用中,夹持机构1尺寸150mm,温差30℃时,其热膨胀为0.0207mm,通过本装置可以补偿回0.0186-0.227mm,基本可以补偿回85%的偏差。In actual use, the size of the clamping mechanism 1 is 150mm, and when the temperature difference is 30°C, its thermal expansion is 0.0207mm, which can be compensated back to 0.0186-0.227mm by this device, basically 85% of the deviation can be compensated.
螺旋传动结构,具有热膨胀补偿机构,热膨胀零部件为螺杆14,滑板二9固定在主轴箱2与滑块一4之间,螺母12固定在滑板二9上,螺母12与螺杆14的固定端连接,滑块一4与滑轨5滑动连接,滑轨5安装在机架二11上,机架二11通过固定块10与补偿杆7的固定端连接,补偿杆7的活动端通过电机安装架16与螺杆14的活动端连接,电机安装架16上安装有行走电机13,行走电机13与螺杆14的活动端连接,电机安装架16通过滑块二15与滑轨5滑动连接,螺杆14上间隔安装有若干个温度监测装置,补偿杆7上对应于螺杆14上的温度监测装置,安装有相应数量的加热及温度监测装置8。The screw transmission structure has a thermal expansion compensation mechanism. The thermal expansion component is a
在螺旋传动机构中的螺杆14出现热膨胀时可以采用图4-6中的结构进行补偿。原有结构中电机安装架16与机架二11固定的,无法进行移动,在改进过程中,需要将电机安装架16变为可移动的,具体操作方式为加装滑块一4,与滑板二9共用滑轨5;在电机安装架16上加装带有加热及温度监测装置8的补偿杆7,补偿杆7另一端跟机架二11固定,这样即可实现反向调节。When the thermal expansion of the
在螺旋传动机构的具体使用过程中,由于螺杆14与螺母12在不同时间下的使用位置、频率都不同,这也导致螺杆14产生热量的位置,持续时间等因素也会有很大的变化。所以本示例中采用的结构是温度的多点采集,补偿杆7也需要对应螺杆14的温度监测位置数量,增加加热及温度监测装置8,这使在同一位置下的螺杆14与补偿杆7的温度尽可能的一致,理论上螺杆14的温度采集位置越多,其补偿的精度也会越高。During the specific use of the screw transmission mechanism, due to the different use positions and frequencies of the
实际使用中,螺杆14频繁往复的距离为500mm,螺杆14的温度比环境温度高40℃时,其膨胀量可以达到0.25mm,可以实现分段补偿的距离也可在0.212-0.275mm,并且由于传动结构的因素,其热膨胀的位置及与环境的温差,都是根据设备运行速度以及设备运行轨迹决定的,该问题无法通过空转热机进行解决,本方案可以很好的解决该问题。In actual use, the frequent reciprocating distance of the
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. The equivalent replacement or change of the inventive concept thereof shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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