CN114837135B - Plugging system and plugging method for hydraulic tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a plugging system and a plugging method for a hydraulic tunnel, and belongs to the technical field of underground tunnels immersed in water areas. The system comprises operation equipment positioned on water and an underwater ice plug device used for being placed in a tunnel, wherein the operation equipment comprises a cold source, a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline and an air source, the underwater ice plug device comprises at least one pair of plugging bodies which can be plugged into the tunnel, a freezer positioned between the plugging bodies, and a central pipe shaft passing through the centers of the plugging bodies and the freezer, the plugging bodies are provided with annular air bags, the freezer is provided with a heat exchanger, the inner cavity of the heat exchanger is filled with the cold medium, and the cold source is communicated with the heat exchanger through the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline; after the system is installed, the water body between the blocking bodies can be blocked to form a section of closed water body; when the system works, the cold medium can exchange heat with the closed water body, and the closed water body is gradually frozen into ice until an ice plug is formed in the tunnel.

Description

Plugging system and plugging method for hydraulic tunnel

Technical Field

The invention relates to a system for plugging an underground hydraulic tunnel in water and a plugging method thereof, belonging to the technical field of underground tunnels immersed in water.

Background

The existing overhaul gate or working gate of a dam cavity (shown in figure 1) or underground hydraulic tunnel in other water areas often has the problem of unreliable potential safety hazards caused by repair loss over time. When the maintenance is carried out by recovering the functions of the maintenance gate and the working gate, the hollow cavity or the hydraulic tunnel is ensured not to generate water leakage accidents during the maintenance, so that at least one side water body positioned on the gate in the tunnel is required to be plugged. The prior method is that, as shown in figure 1, a gate is additionally arranged at the upstream or a plug is additionally arranged at the downstream; or the opening is temporarily plugged by using underwater concrete, and then later dismantled. The gate is additionally arranged at the upstream, a vertical shaft is required to be opened from a position above the cavity to establish an access door slot, then a new access gate is lowered, and then the access gate opening and closing equipment is established, so that the investment time period is long and the cost is high. The downstream is provided with a plugging, the topography and the related conditions are poor, and a large number of anchors are required to resist strong water pressure. The underwater concrete is used for plugging the hole, the later-stage underwater dismantling workload is large, and the method is unsuitable for large-scale chambers and deep water.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the plugging facility and the plugging method are more economical, quick and convenient to install and remove in the underground hydraulic tunnel in the cavity or the water area of the dam.

The technical scheme provided by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a plugging system for use in a hydraulic tunnel comprising an operation device located on water and an underwater ice plug device for placement in said tunnel, said operation device comprising a cold source, a cold medium access line, a gas source, a gas line, a displacement pump, a displacement fluid line and a crane disposed on a surface vessel or on land adjacent to said tunnel; the underwater ice plug device comprises at least one pair of plug bodies which are suitable for the shape of the tunnel and can be plugged into the tunnel, a freezer arranged between the pair of plug bodies, and a central tube shaft passing through the centers of the plug bodies and the freezer, wherein the outer diameters of the plug bodies and the freezer are smaller than the inner diameter of the tunnel, and the plug bodies and the freezer are provided with a supporting travelling wheel mechanism; the central tube shaft is a hollow tube shaft and is divided into at least five sections, the central tube shaft comprises two sections of first central tube shafts positioned in the centers of a pair of blocking bodies, one section of second central tube shafts positioned in the centers of the freezers, two sections of third central tube shafts positioned between the pair of blocking bodies and the freezers, each section of central tube shafts are fixedly connected through a flange arranged on the end face of each section of central tube shaft, each blocking body is formed by enclosing a first truss fixed around the first central tube shaft and a first steel plate wrapping the first truss, the first steel plate encloses the outer peripheral surface and two end faces of each blocking body in a sealing manner, a swimming ring-shaped annular air bag is fixedly arranged on the first steel plate on the outer peripheral surface of each blocking body, and an inflation tube extending from the first central tube shaft is arranged in the inner cavity of each blocking body; one end of the inflation tube is communicated with the annular air bag, and the other end of the inflation tube passes through the central tube shaft and is communicated with the air outlet of the air source through an air pipeline; the refrigerator is composed of a second truss fixed around the second central tube shaft and a heat exchanger arranged on the second truss, the inner cavity of the heat exchanger is filled with a cold medium, and the cold source is communicated with the heat exchanger through a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline penetrating through the central tube shaft; when the system works, the cold medium forms circulation between the heat exchanger and the cold source; the lumen of the center tube shaft is in fluid communication with the displacement pump through a displacement fluid line.

The method for plugging the hydraulic tunnel by using the plugging system comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps:

1) Machining the blocking body, the first central tube shaft, the freezer, the second central tube shaft, the third central tube shaft and the flange in a workshop, and presetting a section of cooling medium inlet and outlet pipelines and air pipelines in each section of central tube shaft and respectively connecting the cooling medium inlet and outlet pipelines with the heat exchanger and the air charging pipe;

2) The method comprises the steps of (1) transporting a processed and assembled blocking body, a freezer, a central pipe shaft, other cold medium inlet and outlet pipelines and gas pipelines, replacement liquid pipelines and related components to a ship or a land near a tunnel, and then hanging the blocking body, the freezer, the central pipe shaft, other cold medium inlet and outlet pipelines and gas pipelines to a water area near the tunnel opening through a crane and lowering the blocking body, the freezer, the central pipe shaft, other cold medium inlet and outlet pipelines and the gas pipelines to the tunnel opening;

3) The blocking body and the refrigerator are sequentially pushed into the tunnel one by a diver under water

3.1 Pushing the first blocking body into the tunnel, connecting one end of the first section of the third central tube shaft with the first central tube shaft of the first blocking body, and butt-connecting and communicating the gas pipelines in the two central tube shafts;

3.2 Pushing the refrigerator into the tunnel, connecting the other end of the first section of third central tube shaft with one end of the second central tube shaft of the refrigerator, and butt-connecting and communicating gas pipelines in the two central tube shafts;

3.3 Connecting one end of a second section of a third central tube shaft with the other end of the second central tube shaft of the refrigerator and butt-connecting and communicating the gas pipelines in the two central tube shafts with the cold medium inlet and outlet pipelines;

3.4 Pushing a second blocking body with a closed cover plate into the tunnel, connecting the other end of the second section of the third central tube shaft with one end of the first central tube shaft of the second blocking body, and butt-connecting and communicating the air pipelines in the two central tube shafts with the cold medium inlet and outlet pipelines;

4) One end of a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline and one end of a gas pipeline positioned in water are respectively in butt joint communication with the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline and the gas pipeline in the central pipe shaft, and the other end of the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline and the gas pipeline are respectively in butt joint communication with a cold source and a gas source;

5) One end of a replacement liquid pipeline positioned in water is in butt joint communication with a replacement interface on the closed cover plate, and the other end of the replacement liquid pipeline is connected with a replacement pump; the replacement pump is started to replace all accumulated water in the central pipe shafts into antifreeze fluid;

6) The method comprises the steps of opening an air source to inflate an annular air bag, sealing the inner wall of an underwater tunnel by the inflated annular air bag, enabling the radial pressure of the inflated annular air bag on the inner wall of the underwater tunnel to be larger than the water pressure in the underwater tunnel, and sealing a water body of the underwater tunnel between a pair of blocking bodies to form a section of sealed water body;

7) And then opening the cold source, enabling the cold medium to circularly flow between the cold source and the heat exchanger through a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline, exchanging heat between the cold medium and the closed water body through the heat exchanger, and gradually freezing the closed water body into ice until an ice plug is formed in the tunnel.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: due to the design of the plugging system and the plugging method for the hydraulic tunnel, the ice plug is formed by a section of water body in the underwater tunnel, so that the underwater tunnel is effectively plugged, and when the water on one side of the ice plug in the underwater tunnel is emptied, the water on the other side of the ice plug can enter the non-water side of the tunnel, so that great convenience is brought to maintenance operation in the underwater tunnel.

It is worth mentioning that, for some pipelines (such as water pipes) in the prior art, when the pipeline is exposed to low temperature environment in winter due to low temperature, the liquid in the pipeline is frozen to form a natural ice plug. In addition, in some pipelines (such as pipelines of nuclear power plants), a section of pipe is wrapped outside the pipeline, and after a section of pipe is wrapped with a cooling medium, the cooling is performed to cool the liquid in the pipeline, so that maintenance such as leakage is completed, the liquid in the blow-down pipe can be avoided, and the effects of saving time and reducing cost are achieved. An ice plug with reasonable length and temperature is formed in the emptying hole, so that the water blocking effect is achieved, no water leakage accident is caused, water can be blocked on one hand, and water pressure is needed to be blocked on the other hand.

The system is characterized in that a cooling medium inlet and outlet pipeline and an air pipeline are preset in the central pipe shaft, and a first quick-mounting interface for connecting the air pipeline is arranged on the radial peripheral wall of the first central pipe shaft; a sealing blind plate is arranged on one end face flange of the first central tube shaft, a sealing cover plate is arranged on one end face flange of the other central tube shaft, and a first quick-mounting interface, a second quick-mounting interface and a replacement interface which are connected with a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline are arranged on the sealing cover plate; the first quick-mounting interface and the second quick-mounting interface on the sealing cover plate are respectively used for communicating the air pipeline and the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline which are positioned inside and outside the central tube shaft, and the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline in the second central tube shaft is communicated with the heat exchanger and is sealed after filling the cold medium into the inner cavity of the heat exchanger; one end of the replacement liquid pipeline is in butt joint communication with the replacement interface on the closed cover plate, and the other end of the replacement liquid pipeline is connected with the replacement pump.

The system is further characterized in that the heat exchanger is a cylindrical steel cylinder formed by enclosing a second steel plate which is fixed on the second truss in a wrapping mode, the second truss is composed of a plurality of connecting rods which fixedly extend out of a second central tube shaft, the connecting rods are arranged in a radial circular array along the section of the second central tube shaft, and the supporting travelling wheel mechanism is arranged on the outer wall of the steel cylinder.

The system is characterized in that the heat exchanger is a serpentine-shaped tubular heat exchanger fixed on a connecting rod, the cross sections of the connecting rod extending out of the second central tube are arranged in a circle center array, and the heat exchangers are arranged in a dendritic shape on the connecting rod; the supporting travelling wheel mechanism is arranged on the outer wall of the second center tube shaft.

The system further comprises a connecting rod extending from the second central tube and having a star-shaped cross section, and the heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger.

The system further comprises a blocking body, wherein an inner cavity surrounded by the first steel plate of the blocking body is filled with light aggregate; so that the volume weight of the blocking body is close to the water volume weight. The lightweight aggregate in the blocking body can be pre-poured and then the blocking body is closed; the light aggregate stirrer, the light aggregate storage tank and the driving machine can be arranged on a water surface ship or on land close to the tunnel, a grouting interface is arranged on the end face of the blocking body and matched with a grouting pipeline, the grouting pipeline is connected with the light aggregate storage tank and the grouting interface of the blocking body, and then the light aggregate is poured into the inner cavity of the blocking body. The light aggregate is filled in the blocking body, so that the blocking body can be transported to a designated position in water.

The system further comprises a first truss formed by spokes arranged on the first center tube shaft and a reinforcing mesh surrounding the spokes; the second truss is formed of connecting rods extending from the second midship tube shaft.

The system further includes spokes arranged in a radial circular array along the second midship tube axis.

The system further comprises a supporting frame and a pulley which are fixed on the peripheral surface of the blocking body or the refrigerator.

The system is further characterized in that the annular air bag is sleeved with a flexible net, an elastic belt for fixing the annular air bag is arranged on the periphery of the blocking body, and the elastic belt is fixed on the first steel plate through rivets.

The system is characterized in that the cold source is a compression expansion refrigerating unit, the cold medium is an anti-freezing liquid which can resist freezing at about 20 ℃ below zero, and the anti-freezing liquid is calcium chloride brine; the air source is an air compressor.

The system is characterized in that the cold source is a liquid ammonia storage tank or a liquid nitrogen storage tank, the cold medium is liquid ammonia or liquid nitrogen which can resist freezing at about minus 20 ℃, and the air source is an air compressor.

The system further provides for distribution and concentration of the gas and cold medium on various lines.

The method may further comprise the steps of,

in the step 1), a first quick-mounting interface for connecting an air pipeline is arranged on the radial peripheral wall of a first central pipe shaft, a closed blind plate is configured for one end face flange of one of the two sections of first central pipe shafts, a closed cover plate is configured for one end face flange of the other of the two sections of first central pipe shafts, and the closed cover plate is provided with the first quick-mounting interface, a second quick-mounting interface for connecting a cooling medium inlet and outlet pipeline and a replacement interface; connecting the air pipeline in the first central tube shaft with an air charging tube, connecting the air pipeline of the second section of the first central tube shaft and a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline with a first fast-assembling interface and a second fast-assembling interface on a closed cover plate respectively, and connecting the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline in the second central tube shaft with a heat exchanger;

in the step 2), a blocking body, a freezer, a central tube shaft, other cold medium inlet and outlet pipelines and gas pipelines, a replacement liquid pipeline and related components are further assembled on land, ships or shallow water areas;

in the step 3.1), the first blocking body is a blocking body provided with a closed blind plate, one end face of the first section of third central tube shaft is fixedly connected with one end face of the first central tube shaft of the first blocking body through a flange, and a gas pipeline in the first central tube shaft in the first blocking body is in butt joint communication with a gas pipeline in the first section of third central tube shaft;

in the step 3.2), the other end face of the first section of third central tube shaft is connected with one end face of the second central tube shaft of the refrigerator through a flange, and an air pipeline in the second central tube shaft of the refrigerator is in butt joint communication with an air pipeline in the first section of third central tube shaft;

in the step 3.3), one end face of a second section of third central tube shaft is connected with the other end face of the second central tube shaft of the refrigerator through a flange, and an air pipeline and a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline in the second section of third central tube shaft are respectively in butt joint communication with the air pipeline and the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline in the second central tube shaft of the refrigerator;

in the step 3.4), the second blocking body is a blocking body with a closed cover plate, the other end face of the second section of third central tube shaft is connected with one end face of the first central tube shaft of the second blocking body through a flange, and the air pipeline and the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline in the second section of third central tube shaft are respectively in butt joint communication with the air pipeline and the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline in the first central tube shaft of the second blocking body, and at the moment, the closed cover plate of the other end face of the first central tube shaft of the second blocking body faces to the outside of the tunnel;

in the step 4), one end of the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline and one end of the air pipeline in water are respectively in butt joint communication with the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline and the air pipeline in the central tube shaft through a first quick connector and a second quick connector on the closed cover plate.

Drawings

The plugging system for the underwater underground tunnel according to the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art dam cavity.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of a plugging system for use in a submerged underground tunnel.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a structure of the underwater ice plug device exploded from fig. 2 being plugged into a tunnel.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the A-A direction of the occluding body of fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a B-B sectional view of the freezer of fig. 3.

Fig. 6 is a schematic of a refrigeration process according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the occluding body exploded in fig. 3.

Fig. 8 is a left side view of fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a first type of refrigerator in the second embodiment.

Figure 10 is a schematic of a refrigeration process according to a second embodiment.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a second type of refrigerator in the second embodiment.

Fig. 12 is a left side view of fig. 11.

Description of the embodiments

Example 1

The plugging system for use in a hydraulic tunnel of the present embodiment, taking a submerged cavity of a dam as an example, as shown in fig. 2, includes an operation device located on water and a submerged plug device for placement in the hydraulic tunnel 100 (submerged cavity). In this embodiment, the water-craft comprises a cold source 2, a gas source 2-1, various lines (cold medium inlet and outlet lines, gas lines, displacement fluid lines), displacement pumps and a crane (not shown in fig. 2) provided on the surface vessel 1. The cold source 2 of the embodiment adopts a compression expansion refrigerating unit, and the air source 2-1 adopts an air compressor. Of course, the water working apparatus may be disposed on land near the hydraulic tunnel in addition to the present embodiment.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the underwater ice plug device includes a pair of blocking bodies 3 adapted to the shape of the hydraulic tunnel 100 and which can be plugged into the hydraulic tunnel 100, a freezer 4 located between the pair of blocking bodies 3, and a center tube shaft passing through the centers of the pair of blocking bodies 3 and the freezer 4.

As shown in fig. 3, the center tube shaft is a hollow tube shaft and is divided into at least five sections, respectively: two sections of first central tube shafts 5-1 located in the center of a pair of occluding bodies 3, one section of second central tube 5-2 located in the center of a freezer 4, and two sections of third central tube 5-3 located between a pair of occluding bodies 3 and a freezer 4. The central tube shafts of each section are fixedly connected through a flange arranged on the end face of the central tube shaft of each section.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the pair of blocking bodies 3 are enclosed and surrounded by the first truss 21 fixed around the first midship tube shaft 5-1 and the first steel plate 15 covering the first truss 21, the first steel plate 15 encloses the outer peripheral surface and both end surfaces of the blocking body 3 in a sealed manner, and the blocking body 3 is formed in a cylindrical shape, but the blocking body 3 may be formed in other shapes such as a prismatic shape or a rectangular parallelepiped shape. A swim ring-shaped annular airbag 6 is fixed to the first steel plate 15 on the outer peripheral surfaces of the pair of blocking bodies 3. The inner cavities of the pair of blocking bodies 3 are provided with air inflation pipes (not shown in the figure) extending from the first central pipe shafts 5-1, one ends of the air inflation pipes are communicated with the annular air bags 6, and the other ends of the air inflation pipes are communicated with the air outlets of the air sources 2-1 (air compressors) through air pipelines after penetrating through the first central pipe shafts 5-1. In this embodiment, the first truss is formed by spokes and a reinforcing mesh surrounding the spokes on the first midship tube shaft 5-1, and the cross section of the first truss is in a grid shape.

As shown in fig. 5, the refrigerator 4 is composed of a second truss fixed around the second midship tube shaft 5-2 and a heat exchanger provided on the second truss. In this embodiment, the second truss is formed of a plurality of connecting rods 10 fixedly extending from the second midship tube shaft 5-2, the connecting rods 10 being arranged in a radial circular array along the cross section of the second midship tube shaft 5-2.

In this embodiment, the heat exchanger is a steel cylinder enclosed by a second steel plate 11 wrapped and fixed on the second truss, and the steel cylinder is cylindrical, but the steel cylinder may be prismatic, rectangular or other shapes. The inner cavity of the heat exchanger (namely, the closed cavity between the second steel plate 11 and the outer surface of the second central tube shaft 5-2 in the steel cylinder) is filled with a cooling medium, and the embodiment selects antifreeze fluid with the temperature of 10-30 ℃ below zero (-10 to minus 30 ℃), and the antifreeze fluid can select calcium chloride brine.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the outer peripheral surfaces of the blocking body 3 and the freezer 4 are both provided with a supporting and travelling wheel mechanism, the supporting and travelling wheel mechanism of the blocking body 3 comprises a supporting frame 18 and a pulley 18-1 fixed on the outer peripheral surface (the outer wall of the first steel plate 15) of the blocking body 3, and the supporting and travelling wheel mechanism of the freezer 4 comprises a supporting frame 19 and a pulley 19-1 fixed on the outer peripheral surface (the outer wall of the second steel plate 11) of the freezer 4. The outer diameters of the pair of blocking bodies 3 and the freezer 4 are smaller than the inner diameter of the hydraulic tunnel 100. Wherein the outer diameter of the blocking body 3 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the hydraulic tunnel 100, and the difference is about 15 cm to 20 cm; the outer diameter of the steel cylinder of the heat exchanger 11 of the freezer 4 is different from the inner diameter of the hydraulic tunnel 100 by about 100 cm to 200 cm.

In this embodiment, the compression-expansion refrigeration unit is in communication with the heat exchanger through a refrigerant inlet and outlet line extending through the three sections of the midship tube shafts (a first section of the midship tube shaft 5-1, a third section of the midship tube shaft 5-3, and a second section of the midship tube shaft 5-2). The refrigeration principle is shown in fig. 6, the compression expansion refrigeration unit is a first closed circulation loop formed by a compressor 30-1, a cooler 30-2, an expansion valve 30-3 and an evaporator 30-4, compressed refrigerant flows in the first closed circulation loop, a closed heat exchange shell 30-5 is arranged outside the evaporator 30-4, a chamber for exchanging heat between the compressed refrigerant and the cold medium is formed between the inside of the closed heat exchange shell 30-5 and the evaporator 30-4, an inlet and an outlet connected with a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline 30-6 are formed in the closed shell 30-5, and a circulation pump 30-7 is arranged on the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline 30-6. In operation, the circulation pump 30-7 drives the cooling medium to circulate between the heat exchanger and the chamber within the closed housing 30-5 to form a second closed circulation loop.

A first quick-mounting interface for connecting a gas pipeline is arranged on the radial peripheral wall of the first central pipe shaft 5-1, and a second quick-mounting interface for connecting a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline is arranged on the radial peripheral wall of the second central pipe shaft 5-2. A sealing blind plate is arranged on one end face flange of one first central tube shaft 5-1 in one blocking body 3 ((one blocking body 3 on the right side in fig. 3), a sealing cover plate is arranged on one end face flange of the other first central tube shaft 5-1 in the other blocking body 3 (one blocking body 3 on the left side in fig. 3), a first quick-mounting interface, a second quick-mounting interface and a replacement interface are arranged on the sealing cover plate, the air pipelines in the two first central tube shafts 5-1 are connected with an air charging tube through the first quick-mounting interface, the first quick-mounting interface and the second quick-mounting interface on the sealing cover plate can connect and penetrate the air pipelines and the cold medium inlet and outlet pipelines which are positioned in and out of the central tube shafts, the cold medium pipeline in the second central tube shaft-2 is communicated with a heat exchanger (steel cylinder) and seals after the cold medium is filled into an inner cavity of the heat exchanger, and one end of the replacement liquid pipeline is communicated with the replacement interface on the sealing cover plate in a butting mode.

As shown in fig. 2, a distributor 13 is provided on various lines for distributing and concentrating the gas and cold medium and its lines.

As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the annular air bag 6 on the outer peripheral surface of the blocking body 3 is covered with a flexible net 7, and an elastic band 8 for fixing the annular air bag 6 is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the blocking body 3, and the elastic band 8 is fixed to the first steel plate 15 by rivets 20. The end face of the first midship tube shaft of the blocking body 3 is provided with a flange 9, and the end faces of the other midship tube shafts are also provided with flanges 9.

In this embodiment, the inner cavity of the blocking body 3 surrounded by the first steel plate 15 thereof is filled with lightweight aggregate (such as lightweight aggregate concrete or composite lightweight aggregate). The lightweight aggregate in the plug body 3 can be previously enclosed in the plug body by the first steel plate 15 after being poured into the workshop. It is also possible to provide a lightweight aggregate mixer, a lightweight aggregate storage tank and a drive on the surface vessel or on land close to the tunnel, with the filling taking place with the blocking body 3 completely on or floating on the water. As shown in fig. 8, a filling port 14 is provided on the end face of the blocking body 3 and a grouting pipeline is provided, the grouting pipeline is connected with the lightweight aggregate storage tank and the filling port 14 of the blocking body 3, and then the lightweight aggregate is filled into the inner cavity of the blocking body 3. The blocking body 3 is filled with light aggregate, so that the volume weight of the blocking body is close to the volume weight of water, and the blocking body can be transported to a designated position in water.

The method for installing and using the plugging system of the embodiment to plug the hydraulic tunnel comprises the following specific process steps (see fig. 2 and 3):

1) The blocking body 3 and the first midship tube shaft 5-1 passing through the center thereof, the refrigerator 4 and the second midship tube shaft 5-2 passing through the center thereof, the third midship tube shaft 5-3, the flange 9, etc. are finished in a workshop and are subjected to trial assembly, and are partially assembled to the site according to transportation conditions. Each section of central tube shaft is provided with a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline and an air pipeline in advance, a first quick-mounting interface for connecting the air pipeline is arranged on the radial peripheral wall of the first central tube shaft 5-1, and a second quick-mounting interface for connecting the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline is arranged on the radial peripheral wall of the second central tube shaft 5-2; the air pipeline in the first central tube shaft 5-1 of the blocking body 3 is in butt joint communication with the air charging tube through the first quick connector, and the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline in the second central tube shaft 5-2 of the refrigerator 4 is in butt joint communication with the heat exchanger through the second quick connector. A closed blind plate is configured for one end face flange of the first central tube shaft of one of the two blocking bodies 3, a closed cover plate is configured for one end face flange of the first central tube shaft of the second blocking body 3, and a first quick-assembly interface, a second quick-assembly interface and a replacement interface are arranged on the closed cover plate; the air pipeline in the first central tube shaft 5-1 is connected with an air charging pipe, the air pipeline and a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline of the other first central tube shaft 5-1 are respectively connected with a first fast-assembling interface and a second fast-assembling interface on the sealing cover plate, and the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline in the second central tube shaft 5-2 is connected with the heat exchanger.

In the step, the cold medium can be selectively filled into the inner cavity of the heat exchanger and then sealed, and when the 7) step is carried out later, the flow of the cold medium output by the cold source can be reduced, so that the speed of heat exchange between the cold medium and the sealed water body through the heat exchanger is increased.

2) The processed and assembled blocking body 3 and the first, freezer 4 and the second, third and the related components 5-1, 5-2 are transported to a ship or a land near a tunnel, if necessary, the blocking body 3 and the first, freezer 4 and the second, third and the like may be further assembled on the land, the ship or shallow water, and then hung to the vicinity of the hole of the underwater tunnel (such as the hole of the dam-holding hole) by a crane. In the step, the lightweight aggregate can be selectively added into the blocking body for hanging.

3) The blocking body 3 and the refrigerator 4 are sequentially pushed into the hydraulic tunnel 100 one by a diver under water

3.1 The first blocking body 3 provided with the blocking blind plate is pushed into the tunnel forwards by using the supporting and traveling mechanism of the blocking body 3, one end face of the first section of third central tube shaft 5-3 is fixedly connected with one end face of the first central tube shaft 5-1 of the first blocking body 3 through a flange 9, so that the first section of third central tube shaft 5-3 is communicated with the first central tube shaft 5-1 in the center of the first blocking body 3 in a butt joint manner, and an air pipeline in the first central tube shaft in the first blocking body is communicated with an air pipeline in the first section of third central tube shaft in a butt joint manner.

3.2 Then pushing the refrigerator 4 into the hydraulic tunnel 100 by using the supporting and traveling mechanism of the refrigerator 4, connecting the other end face of the first section of third central tube 5-3 with one end face of the second central tube shaft 5-2 of the refrigerator 4 through a flange 9, enabling the first section of third central tube 5-3 to be in butt joint communication with the second central tube shaft 5-2 of the refrigerator 4, and enabling the air pipeline in the second central tube shaft 5-2 of the refrigerator 4 to be in butt joint communication with the air pipeline in the first section of third central tube shaft.

3.3 One end face of the second section third central tube 5-3 is connected with the other end face of the second central tube shaft 5-2 of the refrigerator 4 through a flange, and an air pipeline and a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline in the second section third central tube shaft 5-3 are respectively in butt joint communication with the air pipeline and the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline in the second central tube shaft 5-2 of the refrigerator 4;

3.4 The second blocking body 3 is pushed into the hydraulic tunnel 100 by using the supporting and traveling mechanism of the blocking body 3, one end face of the second section of third central tube shaft 5-3 is connected with the other end face of the second central tube shaft 5-2 of the refrigerator 4 through the flange 9, so that the second section of third central tube shaft 5-3 is in butt joint communication with the second central tube shaft 5-2 of the refrigerator 4 and the first central tube shaft 5-1 of the second blocking body 3 at the same time, and the air pipeline and the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline in the second section of third central tube shaft 5-3 are respectively in butt joint communication with the air pipeline and the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline in the second central tube shaft 5-2 of the refrigerator 4, and at the moment, the closed cover plate of the other end face of the first central tube shaft 5-1 of the second blocking body 3 faces the hydraulic tunnel 100.

4) One end of a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline with a protective pipe and one end of an air pipeline in water are in butt joint communication with a first quick connector and a second quick connector on a closed cover plate, and the other end of the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline with the protective pipe and the other end of the air pipeline in water are respectively in butt joint communication with a cold source (a compression expansion refrigerating unit and an air source (an air compressor); and the cold medium is filled into the inner cavity of the heat exchanger through the circulating pump 30-7, and the cold medium is selected from antifreezing solution which can resist freezing at about minus 20 ℃, such as calcium chloride brine.

5) One end of a replacement pipeline with a protective pipe in water is in butt joint communication with a replacement interface on the closed cover plate, and the other end of the replacement pipeline is connected with a replacement pump; and (3) turning on a displacement pump to displace all accumulated water in the central tube shafts into antifreeze fluid. The antifreeze may be stored in surface operations or in land storage containers (e.g., dissolving tanks).

6) The annular air bags 6 are inflated by opening the air compressor, the inflation amount can seal the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel 100 (form elastic sealing) according to the design of the annular air bags which reach the inflation, the radial pressure of the annular air bags 6 which are inflated on the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel 100 is larger than the water pressure in the hydraulic tunnel 100, and at the moment, the water body of the hydraulic tunnel 100 between the pair of blocking bodies 3 is blocked to form a section of closed water body.

7) Then, the compression expansion refrigerating unit is started to enable antifreeze (cold medium) to circularly flow between the heat exchange shell and the heat exchanger outside the evaporator 30-4 of the refrigerating unit through the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline, the antifreeze exchanges heat with the water body between the pair of blocking bodies 3 sealed in the hydraulic tunnel 100 through the heat exchanger, the sealed water body is gradually frozen into ice, and an ice plug is gradually formed in the hydraulic tunnel 100.

The description about the mechanism of formation of the annular air bag 6 and the ice plug is as follows:

the air compressor inflates the annular air bag 6, and the inflated annular air bag 6 is tightly contacted with the inner peripheral wall of the hydraulic tunnel 100, so that the water body in the hydraulic tunnel 100, which is positioned in a section of space between the pair of blocking bodies 3, is closed and static. The compressor refrigerating unit is started, compressed refrigerant flows in and out in the evaporator 30-4, cold medium (antifreeze) flows in and out in the closed heat exchange shell 30-5 outside the evaporator 30-4 under the driving of the circulating pump 30-7, the antifreeze exchanges heat with the compressed refrigerant in the evaporator 30-4 and then is sent into the heat exchanger of the refrigerator 4, and the heat exchange is carried out with the section of closed water body in the hydraulic tunnel 100 through the heat exchanger. The closed water body is gradually frozen, the frozen water body expands and then extrudes the unfrozen water body, when the extrusion force is larger than the radial pressure of the annular air bag 6 and the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel 100, a new gap is formed between the annular air bag 6 and the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel 100, and the unfrozen water body is discharged from the new gap; after the hydraulic tunnel 100 is discharged, the extrusion force is reduced or eliminated, and the annular air bag 6 is closed by continuing to be in close contact with the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel 100; and repeating the steps, and finally, freezing all or most of the closed water body. The frozen water body is tightly contacted with the inner wall of the hydraulic tunnel 100 to form a huge friction force and the water pressure outside the hydraulic tunnel 100 is far greater, so that an ice plug is formed in the hydraulic tunnel 100. After a section of ice plug is formed in the hydraulic tunnel 100, water on one side of the hydraulic tunnel can be emptied, so that the water can enter the emptied hydraulic tunnel 100 to repair facilities such as gates.

Example two

The plugging system for use in a hydraulic tunnel of the present embodiment is a variation on the basis of embodiment one, except that it is the same as embodiment one:

1. the structure of the refrigerator 4 is as shown in fig. 9, the steel cylinder formed by enclosing the second truss (connecting rod 10) by the second steel plate 11 is removed, the serpentine-shaped tubular heat exchanger 16 is directly arranged on the connecting rod 10 of the second truss, the connecting rod 10 extends out of the second central tube 5-2 of the refrigerator 4, the sections are arranged in a circular array, and the heat exchangers 16 are arranged in a dendritic shape on the connecting rod 10 of the second truss.

2. The freezing principle is shown in fig. 10, the cold source is selected from a liquid ammonia tank truck 40, the cold medium is selected from liquid ammonia, and the liquid ammonia tank truck 40 sends the liquid ammonia into the heat exchanger 16 through a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline 30-6 and discharges gasified ammonia. In this embodiment, the first closed circulation loop formed by the compression expansion refrigeration unit is omitted, and the liquid ammonia is directly formed into the second closed circulation loop between the liquid ammonia tank truck 40 and the heat exchanger 16.

A further variation of the freezer 4 of the present embodiment is shown in figures 11, 12, in which the connecting rod 10 extends from the second midship tube shaft 5-2 of the freezer 4 in a star-shaped arrangement in cross section, the serpentine-shaped tubular heat exchanger 16 being replaced by a plate heat exchanger 17. As shown in fig. 12, a distributor 13 is provided on the cooling medium inlet and outlet line in the second header shaft 5-2 for distributing and concentrating the cooling medium in each heat exchanger 17.

The above description is merely of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, for example: the number of the blocking bodies can be three, and the number of the freezers positioned between the three blocking bodies is two; etc. Equivalent substitutions or equivalent changes are also included in the scope of the present invention according to the idea of the present invention and the technical scheme thereof.

Claims (10)

1. The plugging system for the hydraulic tunnel is characterized by comprising operation equipment positioned on water and an underwater ice plug device used for being placed in the tunnel, wherein the operation equipment comprises a cold source, a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline, an air source, an air pipeline, a displacement pump, a displacement fluid pipeline and a crane which are arranged on a water surface ship or on land close to the tunnel; the underwater ice plug device comprises at least one pair of plug bodies which are suitable for the shape of the tunnel and can be plugged into the tunnel, a freezer arranged between the pair of plug bodies, and a central tube shaft passing through the centers of the plug bodies and the freezer, wherein the outer diameters of the plug bodies and the freezer are smaller than the inner diameter of the tunnel, and the plug bodies and the freezer are provided with a supporting travelling wheel mechanism; the central tube shaft is a hollow tube shaft and is divided into at least five sections, the central tube shaft comprises two sections of first central tube shafts positioned in the centers of a pair of blocking bodies, one section of second central tube shafts positioned in the centers of the freezers, two sections of third central tube shafts positioned between the pair of blocking bodies and the freezers, each section of central tube shafts are fixedly connected through a flange arranged on the end face of each section of central tube shaft, each blocking body is formed by enclosing a first truss fixed around the first central tube shaft and a first steel plate wrapping the first truss, the first steel plate encloses the outer peripheral surface and two end faces of each blocking body in a sealing manner, a swimming ring-shaped annular air bag is fixedly arranged on the first steel plate on the outer peripheral surface of each blocking body, and an inflation tube extending from the first central tube shaft is arranged in the inner cavity of each blocking body; one end of the inflation tube is communicated with the annular air bag, and the other end of the inflation tube passes through the central tube shaft and is communicated with the air outlet of the air source through an air pipeline; the refrigerator is composed of a second truss fixed around the second central tube shaft and a heat exchanger arranged on the second truss, the inner cavity of the heat exchanger is filled with a cold medium, and the cold source is communicated with the heat exchanger through a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline penetrating through the central tube shaft; when the system works, the cold medium forms circulation between the heat exchanger and the cold source; the lumen of the center tube shaft is in fluid communication with the displacement pump through a displacement fluid line.

2. The plugging system according to claim 1, wherein a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline and an air pipeline are preset in the central pipe shaft, and a first quick-mounting interface for connecting the air pipeline is arranged on the radial peripheral wall of the first central pipe shaft; a sealing blind plate is arranged on one end face flange of the first central tube shaft, a sealing cover plate is arranged on one end face flange of the other central tube shaft, and a first quick-mounting interface, a second quick-mounting interface and a replacement interface which are connected with a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline are arranged on the sealing cover plate; the first quick-mounting interface and the second quick-mounting interface on the sealing cover plate are respectively used for communicating the air pipeline and the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline which are positioned inside and outside the central tube shaft, and the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline in the second central tube shaft is communicated with the heat exchanger and is sealed after filling the cold medium into the inner cavity of the heat exchanger; one end of the replacement liquid pipeline is in butt joint communication with the replacement interface on the closed cover plate, and the other end of the replacement liquid pipeline is connected with the replacement pump.

3. The plugging system according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is a cylindrical steel cylinder enclosed by a second steel plate wrapped and fixed on the second truss, the second truss is composed of a plurality of connecting rods fixedly extending from the second central tube shaft, the connecting rods are arranged in a radial circular array along the section of the second central tube shaft, and the supporting travelling wheel mechanism is arranged on the outer wall of the steel cylinder.

4. The plugging system of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is a serpentine tubular heat exchanger secured to a connecting rod, the connecting rod extending from the second center tube in a circular array in cross section, the heat exchanger being in a dendritic arrangement on the connecting rod; the supporting travelling wheel mechanism is arranged on the outer wall of the second center tube shaft.

5. The plugging system of claim 1, wherein the interior cavity of the plugging body defined by the first steel sheet thereof is filled with lightweight aggregate.

6. The plugging system of claim 1, wherein the annular balloon is sleeved with a flexible mesh, and an elastic band for fixing the annular balloon is arranged on the periphery of the plugging body, and the elastic band is fixed on the first steel plate through rivets.

7. The plugging system of claim 1, wherein the lines are provided with dispensers for dispensing and concentrating the gas and cold medium.

8. A method for plugging a hydraulic tunnel by using the system of claim 1, comprising the steps of:

1) Machining the blocking body, the first central tube shaft, the freezer, the second central tube shaft, the third central tube shaft and the flange in a workshop, and presetting a section of cooling medium inlet and outlet pipelines and air pipelines in each section of central tube shaft and respectively connecting the cooling medium inlet and outlet pipelines with the heat exchanger and the air charging pipe;

2) The method comprises the steps of (1) transporting a processed and assembled blocking body, a freezer, a central pipe shaft, other cold medium inlet and outlet pipelines and gas pipelines, replacement liquid pipelines and related components to a ship or a land near a tunnel, and then hanging the blocking body, the freezer, the central pipe shaft, other cold medium inlet and outlet pipelines and gas pipelines to a water area near the tunnel opening through a crane and lowering the blocking body, the freezer, the central pipe shaft, other cold medium inlet and outlet pipelines and the gas pipelines to the tunnel opening;

3) The blocking body and the refrigerator are sequentially pushed into the tunnel one by a diver under water

3.1 Pushing the first blocking body into the tunnel, connecting one end of the first section of the third central tube shaft with the first central tube shaft of the first blocking body, and butt-connecting and communicating the gas pipelines in the two central tube shafts;

3.2 Pushing the refrigerator into the tunnel, connecting the other end of the first section of third central tube shaft with one end of the second central tube shaft of the refrigerator, and butt-connecting and communicating gas pipelines in the two central tube shafts;

3.3 Connecting one end of a second section of a third central tube shaft with the other end of the second central tube shaft of the refrigerator and butt-connecting and communicating the gas pipelines in the two central tube shafts with the cold medium inlet and outlet pipelines;

3.4 Pushing the second blocking body into the tunnel, connecting the other end of the second section of the third central tube shaft with one end of the first central tube shaft of the second blocking body, and butt-connecting the gas pipelines in the two central tube shafts with the cold medium inlet and outlet pipelines;

4) One end of a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline and one end of a gas pipeline positioned in water are respectively in butt joint communication with the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline and the gas pipeline in the central pipe shaft, and the other end of the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline and the gas pipeline are respectively in butt joint communication with a cold source and a gas source;

5) One end of a replacement liquid pipeline positioned in water is in butt joint communication with a replacement interface on the closed cover plate, and the other end of the replacement liquid pipeline is connected with a replacement pump; the replacement pump is started to replace all accumulated water in the central pipe shafts into antifreeze fluid;

6) The method comprises the steps of opening an air source to inflate an annular air bag, sealing the inner wall of an underwater tunnel by the inflated annular air bag, enabling the radial pressure of the inflated annular air bag on the inner wall of the underwater tunnel to be larger than the water pressure in the underwater tunnel, and sealing a water body of the underwater tunnel between a pair of blocking bodies to form a section of sealed water body;

7) And then opening the cold source, enabling the cold medium to circularly flow between the cold source and the heat exchanger through a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline, exchanging heat between the cold medium and the closed water body through the heat exchanger, and gradually freezing the closed water body into ice until an ice plug is formed in the tunnel.

9. The plugging method of claim 8, wherein:

in the step 1), a first quick-mounting interface for connecting an air pipeline is arranged on the radial peripheral wall of a first central pipe shaft, a closed blind plate is configured for one end face flange of one of the two sections of first central pipe shafts, a closed cover plate is configured for one end face flange of the other of the two sections of first central pipe shafts, and the closed cover plate is provided with the first quick-mounting interface, a second quick-mounting interface for connecting a cooling medium inlet and outlet pipeline and a replacement interface; connecting the air pipeline in the first central tube shaft with an air charging tube, connecting the air pipeline of the second section of the first central tube shaft and a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline with a first fast-assembling interface and a second fast-assembling interface on a closed cover plate respectively, and connecting the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline in the second central tube shaft with a heat exchanger;

in the step 2), a blocking body, a freezer, a central tube shaft, other cold medium inlet and outlet pipelines and gas pipelines, a replacement liquid pipeline and related components are further assembled on land, ships or shallow water areas;

in the step 3.1), the first blocking body is a blocking body provided with a blocking blind plate, one end face of the first section of the third central tube shaft is fixedly connected with one end face of the first central tube shaft of the first blocking body through a flange, and the air pipeline in the first central tube shaft in the first blocking body is in butt joint communication with the air pipeline in the first section of the third central tube shaft

In the step 3.2), the other end face of the first section of third central tube shaft is connected with one end face of the second central tube shaft of the refrigerator through a flange, and an air pipeline in the second central tube shaft of the refrigerator is in butt joint communication with an air pipeline in the first section of third central tube shaft;

in the step 3.3), one end face of a second section of third central tube shaft is connected with the other end face of the second central tube shaft of the refrigerator through a flange, and an air pipeline and a cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline in the second section of third central tube shaft are respectively in butt joint communication with the air pipeline and the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline in the second central tube shaft of the refrigerator;

in the step 3.4), the second blocking body is a blocking body with a closed cover plate, the other end face of the second section of third central tube shaft is connected with one end face of the first central tube shaft of the second blocking body through a flange, and the air pipeline and the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline in the second section of third central tube shaft are respectively in butt joint communication with the air pipeline and the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline in the first central tube shaft of the second blocking body, and at the moment, the closed cover plate of the other end face of the first central tube shaft of the second blocking body faces to the outside of the tunnel;

in the step 4), one end of the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline and one end of the air pipeline in water are respectively in butt joint communication with the cold medium inlet and outlet pipeline and the air pipeline in the central tube shaft through a first quick connector and a second quick connector on the closed cover plate.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein: the cold medium is selected from antifreezing solution, liquid ammonia or liquid nitrogen which can resist freezing at about minus 20 ℃, and the antifreezing solution is calcium chloride brine.

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