CN114833341A - Sintering process of diamond bearing - Google Patents
Sintering process of diamond bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN114833341A CN114833341A CN202210490141.0A CN202210490141A CN114833341A CN 114833341 A CN114833341 A CN 114833341A CN 202210490141 A CN202210490141 A CN 202210490141A CN 114833341 A CN114833341 A CN 114833341A
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- bearing
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010035148 Plague Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
- B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sintering process of a diamond bearing, wherein a steel bottom die is well installed, and graphite paper is pasted on the inner wall surface of the steel bottom die; the inner wall of the graphite paper is pasted with a polycrystalline paster, and polycrystalline particles on the polycrystalline paster face to the central line of the steel bottom die; placing a bearing steel body in a cavity of the steel bottom die, and filling plastic sand in an inner cavity of the bearing steel body; tungsten powder is filled in a gap between the outer wall of the bearing steel body and the polycrystalline paster; filling copper alloy particles into an opening at the top of the steel bottom die; sintering in a sintering furnace. The invention replaces the graphite jacket and the ceramic die with the steel jacket and the graphite paper, thereby preventing the die from cracking, reducing the size of the whole die and increasing the number of workpieces sintered simultaneously in the furnace. The steel outer sleeve adopted by the scheme can be repeatedly used for a long time, and a ceramic die does not need to be manufactured, so that the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced, the production period is shortened, and the effect is remarkable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil drilling, in particular to a sintering process of a diamond bearing.
Background
In the existing powder metallurgy process, the dies used for sintering workpieces of various shapes are generally composed of a graphite jacket and a ceramic die, and the die is characterized in that:
1. the ceramic mold is high temperature resistant, and can not be melted, deformed and cracked at the temperature of over 1200 ℃;
2. the ceramic mould is simple in manufacturing process, is prepared into paste by using special ceramic powder, is poured into a graphite sleeve cavity, and is solidified to form a sintering mould with a complex shape;
3. because the ceramic die has low strength, the ceramic die is easy to break after sintering is finished, so that a sintered workpiece can be taken out;
4. the graphite sleeve is adopted on the outer layer of the ceramic die, because the graphite can resist high temperature and is not deformed, the thermal expansion coefficient of the graphite is closer to that of the ceramic die and smaller, and cracks are not easy to appear in the sintering process.
These characteristics are just suitable for the sintering requirements of powder metallurgy, but because the shape of the diamond radial bearing is special, the diamond radial bearing belongs to a radial thin-wall part, the total thickness of a powder layer and an inner steel body layer is only 9mm, and the diamond radial bearing is easy to deform in the sintering process and the subsequent machining process, therefore, the thickness of the inner steel body wall is increased by 4 times in the current process design, but the thickness of the powder metallurgy layer is very limited, so that the sintering expansion amount is increased, the ceramic die and the graphite outer layer are cracked, and if the wall thickness of the ceramic die and the graphite wall is also increased by several times in order to prevent the die from cracking, the space of a sintering furnace is occupied and a large amount of materials are wasted. This is a problem that plagues powder metallurgy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the background technology and provide a diamond bearing sintering process, which has simple process flow, does not increase the thickness when the diamond bearing is sintered, does not deform the bearing, saves a large amount of materials and the space of a sintering furnace, and increases the sintering quantity at one time.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
the diamond bearing sintering process comprises the following steps:
(1) installing a steel bottom die, and sticking graphite paper on the inner wall surface of the steel bottom die;
(2) the inner wall of the graphite paper is pasted with a polycrystalline paster, and polycrystalline particles on the polycrystalline paster face to the central line of the steel bottom die;
(3) placing a bearing steel body in a cavity of the steel bottom die, and filling plastic sand in an inner cavity of the bearing steel body;
(4) tungsten powder is filled in a gap between the outer wall of the bearing steel body and the polycrystalline paster;
(5) filling copper alloy particles into an opening at the top of the steel bottom die;
(6) sintering in a sintering furnace.
At present, in the sintering process of the diamond radial bearing for petroleum drilling, the adopted die is generally composed of a graphite outer sleeve and a ceramic forming die, the ceramic forming die is high-temperature resistant, can not be melted, deformed and cracked at the temperature of more than 1200 ℃, is simple in manufacturing process, can obtain a sintering model with a complex shape, is low in strength, and can be easily broken after sintering is completed so as to take out a sintered workpiece, and the diamond radial bearing belongs to a disposable consumable product. The graphite sleeve is adopted on the outer layer of the ceramic die, because the graphite can resist high temperature and is not deformed, the thermal expansion coefficient of the graphite is closer to that of the ceramic die and smaller, and cracks are not easy to appear in the sintering process.
The characteristics are just suitable for the sintering requirement of powder metallurgy, and currently, in the field of oil drilling, the bearing is a very conventional part, and due to frequent high-strength abrasion in the drilling process, the abrasion resistance of the bearing made of common steel is not enough, and the bearing needs to be frequently replaced, so that the working efficiency is influenced, and therefore, the diamond bearing is designed, and a layer of abrasion-resistant layer is formed by embedding diamonds on the wall surface of the bearing. However, because the diamond radial bearing is special in shape and belongs to a radial thin-wall part, the total thickness of the powder layer and the inner steel layer is only 9mm, and the diamond radial bearing is easy to deform in the sintering process and the subsequent machining process, for this reason, the current process design is to increase the thickness of the inner steel wall by 4 times, but the thickness of the powder metallurgy layer is very limited, which causes the expansion amount of sintering to increase, so that the ceramic die and the graphite outer layer are cracked, and if the wall thickness of the ceramic die and the graphite is also increased by several times in order to prevent the die from cracking, the diamond radial bearing occupies the space of a sintering furnace and wastes a large amount of materials. This is a problem that plagues powder metallurgy.
In order to solve the problem, the scheme adopts steel materials with the expansion coefficient consistent with that of the inner wall of the bearing as an outer sleeve to replace a graphite outer sleeve and also cancels a ceramic die. In order to avoid the bonding of the powder metallurgy material and the copper alloy with the steel outer sleeve, graphite paper with the thickness of 1mm is adhered to the inner wall of the steel outer sleeve, and the graphite paper is adhered to the inner wall surface of the steel bottom die for a circle, so that the bonding of the powder metallurgy material and the copper alloy with the steel outer sleeve due to gaps is prevented. The graphite paper separates the powder metallurgy material from the steel jacket, and the graphite paper has fiber tissue and can not crack in the process of expansion with heat and contraction with cold. After the steel bottom die is assembled, graphite paper is pasted on the inner wall surface of the steel bottom die, the graphite paper is connected end to end along the inner wall of the steel bottom die to form a circle, then polycrystalline stickers are pasted on the inner wall of the graphite paper, the polycrystalline stickers are pasted on the graphite paper, polycrystalline particles on the polycrystalline stickers face the central line of the steel bottom die, bearing steel bodies are placed in cavities of the steel bottom die, the graphite paper, the polycrystalline stickers and the polycrystalline particles are located between the steel bottom die and the bearing steel bodies, after plastic-grease sand is filled in inner cavities of the bearing steel bodies, tungsten powder is filled in gaps between outer walls of the bearing steel bodies and the polycrystalline stickers, tungsten powder is filled between the polycrystalline particles and the outer walls of the bearing steel bodies, copper alloy particles are filled in openings at the top of the steel bottom die, the copper alloy particles are melted during sintering, and the polycrystalline particles are inlaid on the outer walls of the bearing steel bodies through the tungsten powder and the copper alloy. And (4) placing the placed dies into a sintering furnace for sintering, and placing a plurality of dies according to the requirement. Thus, the steel outer sleeve and the graphite paper replace the graphite outer sleeve and the ceramic die, so that the die is prevented from cracking, the size of the whole die is reduced, and the number of workpieces sintered in the furnace at the same time is increased. In addition, the ceramic mold is disposable, a new ceramic mold is needed to be made every time a workpiece is sintered, and the graphite outer sleeve is also damaged in the sintering process and can be reused for several times generally. The steel outer sleeve adopted by the scheme can be repeatedly used for a long time, and a ceramic die does not need to be manufactured, so that the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced, the production period is shortened, and the effect is remarkable.
Furthermore, polycrystalline particles on the polycrystalline paster form particle bands along the direction parallel to the central line of the bearing steel body, and the distance between every two adjacent polycrystalline particles in each particle band is the same. Because need inlay the polycrystalline particles on the outer wall of the bearing steel body, and the outer wall of the bearing steel body is the cambered surface, so lay the polycrystalline particles on the polycrystalline sticker through, in order to guarantee that the polycrystalline particles are evenly inlayed on the outer wall of the bearing steel body after sintering, guarantee that the whole wearability is even, so the arrangement mode of polycrystalline particles also needs to be considered, this scheme is that the polycrystalline particles on the polycrystalline sticker form the particle band along the central line parallel direction of the bearing steel body, and adjacent polycrystalline particle interval is the same in every particle band, the distance between the adjacent particle bands is the same in the particle band on the polycrystalline sticker. And the polycrystalline particles on the adjacent particle belts are arranged in a staggered mode, namely the polycrystalline particles on the spaced particle belts are arranged in a rectangular mode, the polycrystalline particles on the particle belts positioned in the middle are arranged at the center of the rectangle, and the rest is analogized in sequence, so that the polycrystalline particles on the adjacent particle belts are arranged in a staggered mode, the structural design enables the polycrystalline particles to be arranged reasonably, the wear resistance of the sintered polycrystalline particles can be furthest, and the service life of the bearing is prolonged.
In conclusion, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention replaces the graphite jacket and the ceramic die with the steel jacket and the graphite paper, thereby not only preventing the die from cracking, but also reducing the size of the whole die and increasing the number of workpieces sintered simultaneously in the furnace. In addition, the ceramic mold is disposable, a new ceramic mold is needed to be made every time a workpiece is sintered, and the graphite outer sleeve is also damaged in the sintering process and can be reused for several times generally. The steel outer sleeve adopted by the scheme can be repeatedly used for a long time, and a ceramic die does not need to be manufactured, so that the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced, the production period is shortened, and the effect is remarkable.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the polycrystalline sticker.
The names corresponding to the reference numbers in the drawings are as follows:
1-plastic sand, 2-graphite paper, 3-polycrystalline particles, 4-tungsten powder, 5-steel bottom die and 6-bearing steel body.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, in the diamond bearing sintering process of the present embodiment, a steel bottom die 5 is installed first, the steel bottom die 5 is composed of a die holder and a die cylinder, a groove matching with the cross section of the die cylinder and a fixing groove for placing a bearing steel body are recessed in the top surface of the die holder, after the die cylinder is inserted into the groove, the outer wall of the die cylinder and the end surface of the die holder are fixed by welding, and graphite paper 2 is firstly pasted on the inner wall surface of the steel bottom die 5 in order to avoid the adhesion of powder metallurgy materials and copper alloys with a steel jacket. The thickness of the graphite paper 2 is 1mm, the graphite paper 2 is attached to the inner wall surface of the steel bottom die 5 for a circle to form end-to-end connection, no gap exists, and bonding of powder metallurgy materials, copper alloys and steel jackets due to the gaps is prevented. Then the polycrystalline sticker has been pasted at the inner wall of graphite paper 2, the polycrystalline sticker laminating is on graphite paper 2, polycrystalline grain 3 on the polycrystalline sticker is towards the central line of steel die block 5, then just place bearing steel body 6 in the cavity of steel die block 5, insert in the fixed slot bearing steel body 6 bottom, this kind of order is convenient for install in place, can not cause the interference, fill plastic fat sand 1 in the bearing steel body 6 inner chamber, form the granule area with polycrystalline grain 3 on the polycrystalline sticker along the central line parallel direction of bearing steel body 6, and 3 intervals of adjacent polycrystalline grain are the same in every granule area, the distance between the adjacent granule area is the same in the granule area on the polycrystalline sticker. Due to the structural arrangement, the sintered polycrystalline particles 3 are uniformly distributed, and the wear resistance of the bearing is stable when the bearing is used. Tungsten powder 4 is filled in gaps between the outer wall of the bearing steel body 6 and the polycrystalline paster and between the outer wall of the bearing steel body 6 and the polycrystalline particles 3, copper alloy particles are filled in an opening at the top of the steel bottom die, and then the die is placed in a sintering furnace for sintering. After sintering and forming, the steel bottom die 5 and the graphite paper 2 are taken down, the polycrystalline paster is melted at high temperature, the copper alloy particles are melted and flow into gaps between the outer wall of the bearing steel body 6 and the polycrystalline paster and between the outer wall of the bearing steel body 6 and the polycrystalline particles 3, and the polycrystalline particles 3 are bonded on the outer wall of the bearing steel body 6 through tungsten powder and melted copper alloy.
An example of sintering diamond bearings of the same size is given in the following table:
| quantity (unit: one) | Temperature (unit:. degree. C.) | Number of cracks (unit: one) | |
| |
6 | 1250 | 2 |
| New process | 12 | 1250 | 0 |
As shown in the table, in the sintering furnace for sintering the diamond bearing with the same size and the same inner cavity size and at the same sintering temperature, the number of the moulds placed in the sintering furnace by the original process is 6, the cracking rate after final sintering reaches 33%, the new process is adopted for sintering, the number of the moulds placed in the sintering furnace is 12, the cracking rate is 0, the process has the advantages of high yield and greatly improved space utilization rate, and meanwhile, the diamond bearing is used on oil drilling equipment in the later period, the wear resistance and the service life of the diamond bearing meet the requirements, so the feasibility of the process is proved.
The scheme adopts steel materials with the same expansion coefficient with the inner wall of the bearing as the outer sleeve to replace a graphite outer sleeve, and the ceramic die is also cancelled. The graphite paper separates the powder metallurgy material from the steel jacket, and the graphite paper has fiber tissue and can not crack in the process of expansion with heat and contraction with cold. The graphite jacket and the ceramic die are replaced by the steel jacket and the graphite paper, the steel bottom die 5 serving as the steel jacket has the same expansion coefficient with the bearing steel body 6 when being heated, so that the steel bottom die does not crack in the sintering process, the whole thickness of the steel bottom die is not increased, the size of the steel bottom die is not increased relatively, and the space of the sintering furnace can be provided with a plurality of dies to increase the sintering number. Meanwhile, the thickness is not increased, so that the material waste is reduced, the scheme prevents the die from cracking, reduces the size of the whole die and increases the number of workpieces sintered simultaneously in the furnace. In addition, the ceramic mold is disposable, a new ceramic mold is needed to be made every time a workpiece is sintered, and the graphite outer sleeve is also damaged in the sintering process and can be reused for several times generally. The steel outer sleeve adopted by the scheme can be repeatedly used for a long time, and a ceramic die does not need to be manufactured, so that the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced, the production period is shortened, and the effect is remarkable.
The above embodiments are provided to further explain the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail, it should be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The diamond bearing sintering process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) mounting a steel bottom die (5), and sticking graphite paper (2) on the inner wall surface of the steel bottom die (5);
(2) polycrystalline paster is pasted on the inner wall of the graphite paper (2), and polycrystalline particles (3) on the polycrystalline paster face to the central line of the steel bottom die (5);
(3) a bearing steel body (6) is placed in a cavity of the steel bottom die (5), and after plastic sand (1) is filled in an inner cavity of the bearing steel body (6);
(4) tungsten powder (4) is filled in a gap between the outer wall of the bearing steel body (6) and the polycrystalline paster;
(5) copper alloy particles are filled in an opening at the top of the steel bottom die (5);
(6) and sintering in a sintering furnace.
2. The diamond bearing sintering process of claim 1, wherein: the graphite paper (2) is attached to the inner wall surface of the steel bottom die (5) for a circle.
3. The diamond bearing sintering process of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the graphite paper (2) is 1 mm.
4. The diamond bearing sintering process of claim 1, wherein: polycrystalline particles (3) on the polycrystalline paster form particle bands along the direction parallel to the central line of the bearing steel body (6), and the intervals of the adjacent polycrystalline particles (3) in each particle band are the same.
5. The diamond bearing sintering process of claim 4, wherein: the distance between adjacent grain belts in the grain belts on the polycrystalline paster is the same.
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| CN202210490141.0A CN114833341A (en) | 2022-05-07 | 2022-05-07 | Sintering process of diamond bearing |
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| CN202210490141.0A CN114833341A (en) | 2022-05-07 | 2022-05-07 | Sintering process of diamond bearing |
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| CN111482609A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-08-04 | 北京春仑石油技术开发有限公司 | Method for manufacturing radial centralizing sliding bearing moving ring |
| CN212508096U (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2021-02-09 | 河南景链新材料有限公司 | Polycrystalline diamond bearing |
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