CN114833290A - Cold heading forming system based on ECAP processing - Google Patents
Cold heading forming system based on ECAP processing Download PDFInfo
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- CN114833290A CN114833290A CN202210352041.1A CN202210352041A CN114833290A CN 114833290 A CN114833290 A CN 114833290A CN 202210352041 A CN202210352041 A CN 202210352041A CN 114833290 A CN114833290 A CN 114833290A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J9/00—Forging presses
- B21J9/02—Special design or construction
- B21J9/06—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/08—Accessories for handling work or tools
- B21J13/10—Manipulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of cold heading processing, and discloses a cold heading forming system based on ECAP (electron cyclotron resonance processing) processing, which comprises a clamping and transferring mechanism, an ECAP die, a cold heading forming die, a supporting mechanism and a stamping mechanism, wherein the clamping and transferring mechanism is used for clamping and transferring; the ECAP mould is provided with an ECAP mould cavity, and the ECAP mould cavity is used for receiving the alloy steel billet rod and outputting the ECAP billet rod; the cold heading forming die is provided with a cold heading forming cavity; the cold heading forming cavity is used for receiving an ECAP billet; the stamping mechanism is used for stamping the alloy steel billet rod to form an ECAP billet rod and is used for carrying out cold heading on the ECAP billet rod, the supporting mechanism comprises a driving crank connecting rod and a self-locking crank, the output end of the driving crank connecting rod is hinged with the self-locking crank, the self-locking crank is provided with a pushing supporting section used for pushing and supporting the ECAP billet rod, when the pushing supporting section supports the ECAP billet rod, the driving crank connecting rod is in a straight line, the straight line is used as a self-locking straight line, and the self-locking straight line is overlapped with or parallel to the axis of the cold heading forming cavity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cold heading processing, and particularly relates to a cold heading forming system based on ECAP treatment.
Background
The original machining original piece and method are replaced, and the new machining original piece, the new process and the new method are adopted to machine and form the aviation fastener, so that the improvement of the performance of the aviation fastener and the reduction of the production cost are the development targets of machining and forming the aviation fastener at present or in the future.
The processing and manufacturing mode of the rivet fastener mainly comprises processing methods such as machining, casting, cold heading, hot heading and the like, wherein the cold heading is a process for processing and manufacturing the high-strength fastener due to the advantages of simple process, low cost, high efficiency, no need of post-heat treatment and the like. The traditional cold heading processing technology has small material shaping denaturation and insufficient material performance strengthening effect, so that the mechanical property of the rivet can not meet the preset requirement in certain application occasions. The equal channel angular pressing technology (ECAP technology) belongs to a processing mode of large plastic deformation and violent plastic deformation, and the metal material is almost sheared in the deformation process, so that the crystal grains of the metal material are refined, and the method is a method for effectively preparing the superfine crystal material.
In the specific practice of cold heading forming by applying ECAP, the automation is at a very low level, namely the related labor cost is high, and the processing efficiency is greatly reduced by frequent secondary carrying.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the ECAP treatment-based cold heading forming system, which can realize the full automation of ECAP-based cold heading forming, thereby greatly reducing the related labor cost and remarkably improving the processing efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a cold heading forming system based on ECAP processing is used for carrying out cold heading forming on alloy steel billet rods, and is characterized by comprising the following components: the clamping and transferring mechanism is used for clamping and transferring; the ECAP die is positioned near the clamping and transferring mechanism and is provided with an ECAP die cavity bent at a right angle, and the ECAP die cavity is used for receiving the alloy steel billet rod clamped and transferred by the clamping and transferring mechanism and outputting the alloy steel billet rod processed by ECAP and is used as the ECAP billet rod; the cold heading forming die is positioned near the ECAP die and is provided with a linear cold heading forming cavity; the cold heading forming cavity is used for receiving the ECAP billet which is clamped and transferred by the clamping and transferring mechanism; the support mechanism is positioned near one side of the cold heading forming die and used for pushing the ECAP billet rod in the cold heading forming cavity and carrying out single-side support; and the stamping mechanism is positioned between the ECAP die and the cold heading forming die and used for stamping the alloy steel billet rod positioned in the ECAP die cavity to form the ECAP billet rod and cold heading the ECAP billet rod supported in the cold heading forming cavity, wherein the supporting mechanism comprises a driving crank connecting rod and a self-locking crank, the output end of the driving crank connecting rod is hinged with the self-locking crank, the self-locking crank is provided with a pushing supporting section used for pushing and supporting the ECAP billet rod, when the pushing supporting section supports the ECAP billet rod, the driving crank connecting rod is in a straight line and takes the straight line as a self-locking straight line, and the self-locking straight line is coincident with or parallel to the axis of the cold heading forming cavity.
Preferably, the stamping mechanism comprises a stamping base, a first driving motor, a rotary base, a second driving motor, a force arm assembly and a stamping head assembly, the rotary base is horizontally and rotatably arranged on the stamping base through the first driving motor, the force arm assembly comprises three sections of first sub force arms, second sub force arms and third sub force arms which are sequentially hinged, one end of each first sub force arm is vertically and rotatably arranged on the rotary base through the second driving motor, the second sub force arm is hinged and arranged at the other end of each first sub force arm, so that the first sub force arm and the second sub force arm form a lever structure in a vertical plane, the third sub force arm is hinged and arranged at one end of the second sub force arm, so that the second sub force arm and the third sub force arm form a lever structure in the vertical plane, the stamping head assembly comprises a head base, a stamping electric cylinder and a stamping head, the head base is hinged and arranged at one end of each third sub force arm, the electric stamping cylinder and the stamping head are both arranged in the head base, and the electric stamping cylinder drives the stamping head to move along a straight line, so that the alloy steel billet is stamped or the ECAP billet is subjected to cold heading.
Further, the end part of the punching head along the moving direction is provided with a pressure sensor which is used for feeding back the reaction force applied to the punching head during punching.
Furthermore, the stamping mechanism further comprises a connecting rod, a first driving piston and a second driving piston, wherein the connecting rod comprises a first sub connecting rod and a second sub connecting rod which are hinged end to end, the end part of the first sub connecting rod is fixedly arranged on the rotary seat, the end part of the second sub connecting rod is fixedly arranged at the other end of the second sub force arm, so that when the first sub force arm rotates relative to the rotary seat, the first sub connecting rod and the second sub connecting rod are hinged to rotate, the second sub force arm is driven to perform lever rotation relative to the first sub force arm, the first driving piston and the second driving piston are both arranged on the second sub force arm, the output ends of the first driving piston and the second driving piston are respectively arranged at the other end of the third sub force arm and the head base, and when the first driving piston moves, the third sub force arm performs lever rotation relative to the second sub force arm; when the second driving piston acts, the head base rotates relative to the third sub force arm.
Preferably, the centre gripping transport mechanism is including pressing from both sides the commentaries on classics base, turn to motor, third driving motor, presss from both sides the commentaries on classics arm of force, fourth driving motor and gripper jaw unit, but presss from both sides the commentaries on classics base and set up through turning to motor horizontal rotation ground, but the one end of pressing from both sides the commentaries on classics arm of force sets up on pressing from both sides the commentaries on classics base through third driving motor vertical rotation ground, but gripper jaw unit passes through fourth driving motor vertical rotation ground and sets up on the other end that presss from both sides the commentaries on classics arm of force.
Furthermore, the clamping jaw unit comprises a base component, a driving electric cylinder, a driving conical rod and a pair of clamping jaws, the base component can be vertically and rotatably arranged on the clamping rotating arm, the driving conical rod is telescopically arranged on the base component through the driving electric cylinder, the conical end of the driving conical rod is an output end, the axis of the driving taper rod is used as a centre gripping shaft, a pair of gripper jaws extend along the centre gripping shaft and are symmetrically arranged, the gripper jaws can be reset and rotationally arranged on the base component, thereby forming a lever structure, the clamping claw is provided with a root end and a claw end, the distance between the two root ends is smaller than the radius of the conical top surface of the driving conical rod, the root end is close to the output end of the driving conical rod, when the driving electric cylinder drives the driving conical rod to extend, the driving conical rod synchronously drives the pair of clamping claw levers to rotate through the pushing root end, so that the two claw ends are simultaneously close to each other, and clamping is realized.
And when the clamping claw lever rotates, the driving taper rod is in rolling contact with the root end, and the two clamping claws are in rolling contact.
Still further, the base assembly includes a first base, a second base, a fifth driving motor, a sixth driving motor and a third base, the first base is vertically rotatably disposed at the other end of the clamping rotation arm, the second base is vertically rotatably disposed on the first base by the fifth driving motor, the third base is vertically rotatably disposed on the second base by the sixth driving motor, and the rotation axes of the first base and the third base are parallel, and the rotation axes of the second base and the third base are perpendicular.
Preferably, the ECAP die cavity extends in an L shape, two ends of the ECAP die cavity are provided with openings on the surface of the ECAP die, two ends of the ECAP die cavity are provided with shielding sensors, the cold heading forming cavity is provided with a continuous rod passing cavity and a continuous pier head cavity, the rod passing cavity and the pier head cavity are provided with openings on the surface of the cold heading forming die, the supporting mechanism is located near the openings of the rod passing cavity, and two ends of the rod passing cavity are provided with the shielding sensors.
Further, the present invention also includes: and the control module is provided with a timer, and when the shielding sensor is shielded, the timer starts counting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the ECAP treatment-based cold heading forming system comprises a clamping and transferring mechanism, an ECAP mould, a cold heading forming mould, a supporting mechanism and a stamping mechanism, wherein the clamping and transferring mechanism is used for clamping and transferring; the ECAP die is provided with an ECAP die cavity bent at a right angle, and the ECAP die cavity is used for receiving the alloy steel billet rod and outputting the ECAP billet rod; the cold heading forming die is provided with a linear cold heading forming cavity; the cold heading forming cavity is used for receiving an ECAP billet; the supporting mechanism is used for pushing the ECAP blank rod in the cold heading forming cavity and carrying out single-side supporting; and the stamping mechanism is used for stamping the alloy steel billet rod positioned in the ECAP die cavity to form an ECAP billet rod and is used for carrying out cold heading on the ECAP billet rod supported in the cold heading forming cavity, the supporting mechanism comprises a driving crank connecting rod and a self-locking crank, the output end of the driving crank connecting rod is hinged with the self-locking crank, the self-locking crank is provided with a pushing supporting section used for pushing and supporting the ECAP billet rod, when the pushing supporting section supports the ECAP billet rod, the driving crank connecting rod is in a straight line, the straight line is used as a self-locking straight line, and the self-locking straight line is superposed or parallel with the axis of the cold heading forming cavity.
2. Because the end part of the stamping head along the movement direction is provided with the pressure sensor which is used for feeding back the reaction force applied to the stamping head during stamping, the invention feeds back the magnitude of the reaction force through the pressure signal and accurately controls the stamping force of the stamping head by using the signal, thereby ensuring that the forming quality of the EACP billet is better, the forming efficiency is higher and the cold heading pier head is effectively formed.
3. The stamping mechanism further comprises a connecting rod, a first driving piston and a second driving piston, wherein the connecting rod comprises a first sub connecting rod and a second sub connecting rod which are hinged end to end, the end part of the first sub connecting rod is fixedly arranged on the rotary seat, the end part of the second sub connecting rod is fixedly arranged at the other end of the second sub force arm, so that when the first sub force arm rotates relative to the rotary seat, the first sub connecting rod and the second sub connecting rod are hinged to rotate, the second sub force arm is driven to carry out lever rotation relative to the first sub force arm, the first driving piston and the second driving piston are both arranged on the second sub force arm, the output ends of the first driving piston and the second driving piston are respectively arranged at the other end of the third sub force arm and the head base, and when the first driving piston moves, the third sub force arm carries out lever rotation relative to the second sub force arm; when the second driving piston acts, the head base rotates relative to the third sub force arm, so that the rotation of the second sub force arm relative to the first sub force arm is effectively realized through a simpler structure by combining the principle of connecting rod motion and lever rotation, namely, the controllable change of the force arm assembly on the vertical height is effectively realized through the first driving motor.
4. Because the root end of the clamping claw has the arc-shaped contour, the clamping claw is also provided with the arc-shaped hinge lugs, the clamping claw is hinged on the base component through the arc-shaped hinge lugs, the two arc-shaped hinge lugs are externally tangent, and when the clamping claw lever rotates, the conical rod is driven to be in rolling contact with the root end, and the two clamping claws are in rolling contact, therefore, the friction loss of the contact positions of the conical rod, the root end and the two arc-shaped hinge lugs when the clamping claw frequently performs clamping action is effectively reduced through rolling contact, the clamping claw can keep higher accuracy for a long time, the service life of the clamping claw is effectively prolonged, and the stability of the clamping claw during movement is also remarkably enhanced because the two clamping claws are always in externally tangent contact in the rotating process.
5. Because the base assembly of the present invention includes the first base, the second base, the fifth driving motor, the sixth driving motor, and the third base, the first base is vertically rotatably disposed at the other end of the clamping rotation arm, the second base is vertically rotatably disposed on the first base by the fifth driving motor, the third base is vertically rotatably disposed on the second base by the sixth driving motor, and the rotation axes of the first base and the third base are parallel, and the rotation axes of the second base and the third base are perpendicular, the present invention can realize the rotation of the clamping claw unit in two dimensions of space with accurate control by three bases.
6. Because the ECAP die cavity extends in an L shape, the two ends of the ECAP die cavity are provided with openings on the surface of the ECAP die, the two ends of the ECAP die cavity are provided with shielding sensors, the cold heading forming cavity is provided with a continuous over-rod cavity and a continuous pier head cavity, the over-rod cavity and the pier head cavity are provided with openings on the surface of the cold heading forming die, the supporting mechanism is positioned near the opening of the over-rod cavity, and the two ends of the over-rod cavity are provided with the shielding sensors, the in-out state of the alloy steel billet rod in the ECAP die cavity or the in-out state of the EACP billet rod in the over-rod cavity are fed back through shielding signals, so that action signals are sent to relevant mechanisms, and the automatic control of the corresponding mechanisms is better completed.
7. Because the invention also includes: the control module is provided with a timer, and when the shielding sensor is shielded, the timer starts to count, so that related signals can be formed after the shielding signals are sent out through timing, and the coordination of the invention is more coordinated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a gripping and transfer mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the operating mechanism of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a third base, a driving taper rod and a clamping jaw according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a positional relationship among a third base, a driving taper rod and a clamping claw according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an ECAP mold of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view of the operating mechanism of the support mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a stamping mechanism of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an ECAP billet cold headed in a cold heading forming die according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 10. clamp transfer mechanism, 11, clamp swivel base, 12, clamp swivel force arm, 13, clamp jaw unit, 131, base assembly, 1311, first base, 1312, second base, 1313, third base, 132, drive taper rod, 133, clamp jaw, 133a, root end, 133b, jaw end, 133c, arcuate engaging lug, 20, ECAP die, 21, ECAP die cavity, 30, support mechanism, 31, drive crank link, 311, first crank segment, 312, connecting segment, 32, self-locking crank, 321, second crank segment, 322, support segment, 40, cold forming die, 41, cold forming cavity, 41a, yoke cavity, 41b, pier cavity, 50, stamping mechanism, 51, stamping base, 52, swivel base, 53, assembly, 531, first force arm, 532, second force arm, 533, third force arm, 54, connecting link, 541, 542, first force arm, 542, upset force arm, upset, third force arm, 54, connecting link, 542, and upset force arm, Second sub-link, 55, ram assembly, 551, head base, 552, ram, 56, first drive piston, 561, first cylinder, 562, first piston rod, 57, second drive piston, 571, second cylinder, 572, second piston rod, E, ECAP blank rod.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the following examples are specifically described in the invention based on the ECAP process cold heading forming system with reference to the attached drawings, and the description of the embodiments is to help understanding the invention, but the invention is not limited thereto.
The term "horizontally rotatable" in the description means that the rotation can be performed in a horizontal plane by using a vertical line as a rotation axis; "vertically rotatable" means rotatable within a vertical plane about a horizontal axis.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the cold-heading forming system based on ECAP process in this embodiment is used for cold-heading forming an alloy steel bar (not shown in the drawings), specifically, the cold-heading forming based on ECAP process is to pass the alloy steel bar through ECAP to greatly improve the corresponding physical properties of the alloy steel bar, form an ECAP bar, and extrude or impact the end of the ECAP bar to plastically deform the end, thereby forming a flange at the end of the ECAP bar.
The ECAP processing-based cold heading forming system comprises a clamping transfer mechanism 10, an ECAP die 20, a supporting mechanism 30, a cold heading forming die 40, a stamping mechanism 50 and a control module (not shown in the drawing).
The gripping and transferring mechanism 10 is used for gripping and transferring, and includes a gripping and transferring base 11, a steering motor (not shown in the drawings), a third driving motor (not shown in the drawings), a gripping and transferring force arm 12, a fourth driving motor (not shown in the drawings), and a gripping claw unit 13.
The chuck base 11 is horizontally rotatably provided by a steering motor, one end of the chuck rotating arm 12 is vertically rotatably provided on the chuck rotating base 11 by a third driving motor, and the chuck jaw unit 13 is vertically rotatably provided on the other end of the chuck rotating arm 12 by a fourth driving motor, specifically, the rotation axes of the chuck rotating arm 12 and the chuck jaw unit 13 are parallel to each other.
The gripper jaw unit 13 includes a base assembly 131, a driving electric cylinder (not shown in the drawings), a driving taper rod 132, and a pair of gripper jaws 133.
The base assembly 131 is vertically rotatably provided on the chucking force arm 12, and the base assembly 131 includes a first base 1311, a second base 1312, a fifth drive motor (not shown in the drawing), a sixth drive motor (not shown in the drawing), and a third base 1313.
The first base 1311 is vertically rotatably provided on the other end of the chucking force arm 12, the second base 1312 is vertically rotatably provided on the first base 1311 by a fifth driving motor, the third base 1313 is vertically rotatably provided on the second base 1312 by a sixth driving motor, and the rotation axes of the first base 1311 and the third base 1313 are parallel, the rotation axes of the second base 1312 and the third base 1313 are perpendicular, specifically, the second base 1312 has a "concave" shape and the free end thereof is recessed, and the third base 1313 is embedded in the second base 1312.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the driving rod 132 is telescopically provided on the third base 1313 by a driving electric cylinder, and a tapered end of the driving rod 132 is an output end and faces the outside of the gripper jaw unit 13.
The axis of the driving cone rod 132 is used as a centre gripping shaft (not shown in the drawings), a pair of gripping claws 133 extend along the centre gripping shaft and are symmetrically arranged, and the gripping claws 133 are arranged on the third base 1313 in a resettable and rotatable manner, so that a lever structure is formed, and specifically, the position when the gripping claws 133 do not act and the position of the driving cone rod 132 at the moment are both used as initial positions.
The clamping jaw 133 has a root end 133a, a jaw end 133b, and an arcuate engaging lug 133 c.
The root end 133a is close to the output end of the driving conical rod 132, the distance between the two root ends 133a at the initial position is smaller than the radius of the conical top surface of the driving conical rod 132, when the driving conical rod 132 is driven by the driving electric cylinder to extend, the driving conical rod 132 drives the pair of clamping jaws 133 to rotate in a lever manner synchronously by pushing the root end 133a, so that the two jaw ends 133b are close to each other simultaneously to realize the clamping action, specifically, the root end 133a has an arc profile, the clamping jaws 133 are hinged on the third base 1313 through the arc-shaped hinging lugs 133c, the two arc-shaped hinging lugs 1313 are always externally tangent, when the clamping jaws 133 rotate in a lever manner, the driving conical rod 132 is in full-range rolling contact with the root end 133a, and the two clamping jaws 133 are in full-range rolling contact.
As shown in fig. 5, the ECAP mold 20 is located near the holding and transferring mechanism 10, the ECAP mold 20 has an ECAP cavity 21 bent at a right angle, the ECAP cavity 21 is used for receiving the alloy steel bar held and transferred by the holding and transferring mechanism 10 and outputting the alloy steel bar processed by ECAP, and serves as an ECAP bar E, specifically, the ECAP cavity 21 extends in an "L" shape and has openings at both ends on the surface of the ECAP mold, the alloy steel bar is fed into the vertical section of the ECAP cavity 21 by the holding and transferring mechanism 10, and the ECAP bar E is outputted from the horizontal section of the ECAP cavity 21.
As shown in fig. 6, the support mechanism 30 is located near one side of the cold heading forming die 40, and the support mechanism 30 is used for pushing the ECAP billet E in the cold heading forming cavity 41 of the cold heading forming die 40 and performing one-side support.
The support mechanism 30 includes a drive crank link 31 and a self-locking crank 32.
The output end of the driving crank connecting rod 31 is hinged with the self-locking crank 32, the self-locking crank 32 is provided with a pushing support section 322 for pushing and supporting the ECAP billet E, when the pushing support section 322 supports the ECAP billet E, the driving crank connecting rod 31 is in a straight line, the straight line is taken as a self-locking straight line, the self-locking straight line is coincident with or parallel to the axis of the cold heading forming cavity 41, specifically, the driving crank connecting rod 31 is provided with a first crank section 311 and a connecting section 312, the self-locking crank 32 is provided with a second crank section 321 and a support section 322, the output end of the driving crank connecting rod 31 is the free end of the connecting section 312, the driving crank connecting rod 31 is hinged on the second crank section 321, the support section 322 is not collinear with the second crank section 321, the support section 322 is in a straight line, and the driving crank connecting rod 31 is in a straight line with the first crank section 311 and the connecting section 312.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, a cold heading forming die 40 is located near the ECAP die 20, and the cold heading forming die 40 has a straight cold heading forming cavity 41; the cold heading forming cavity 41 is used for receiving ECAP billet rods E clamped and transferred by the clamping and transferring mechanism 10.
The cold heading forming cavity 41 has a continuous stem passing cavity 41a and a head passing cavity 41b, the stem passing cavity 41a and the head passing cavity 41b both have openings on the surface of the cold heading forming die 40, and the support mechanism 30 is located near the openings of the stem passing cavity 41 a.
Specifically, the cross-sectional area of the bar passing cavity 41a is smaller than that of the pier head cavity 41b, so that the intersection of the bar passing cavity 41a and the pier head cavity 41b is of a step structure, the clamping and transferring mechanism 10 clamps and transfers the ECAP billet E output from the horizontal section of the ECAP die cavity 21 to the bar passing cavity 41a, and when the ECAP billet E is pushed to the preset position of the bar passing cavity 41a by the supporting section 322, the self-locking crank 32 supports the ECAP billet E, and at this time, the end of the ECAP billet E extends into the pier head cavity 41 b.
Specifically, the first crank section 311 and the connecting section 312 are in a straight line and coincide with or are parallel to the axis of the cold heading forming cavity 41 on the premise that the crank connecting rod 31 is not driven to rotate, and at this time, the supporting mechanism 30 is self-locked, that is, the shape of the cold heading forming cavity 41 cannot be changed by the acting force along the axis.
The stamping mechanism 50 is located between the ECAP die 20 and the cold heading forming die 40, and the stamping mechanism 50 is used for stamping the alloy steel billet in the ECAP die cavity 21 to form an ECAP billet E and for cold heading the ECAP billet E supported in the cold heading forming cavity 41.
Specifically, after the clamping and transferring mechanism 10 feeds the alloy steel billet into the vertical section of the ECAP die 20, the stamping mechanism 50 performs equal-channel right-angle corner extrusion on the alloy steel billet, so as to complete ECAP processing on the alloy steel billet into the ECAP billet E, and after the support mechanism 30 supports the ECAP billet E, the stamping mechanism 50 performs cold heading forming on the end portion of the ECAP billet E located in the heading cavity 41 b.
The punching mechanism 50 includes a punching base 51, a first drive motor (not shown in the drawings), a rotary base 52, a second drive motor (not shown in the drawings), a force arm assembly 53, a connecting link 54, a punching head assembly 55, a first drive piston 56, and a second drive piston 57.
The rotary base 52 is horizontally rotatably provided on the punch base 51 by a first driving motor.
The moment arm assembly 53 includes three segments of a first sub moment arm 531, a second sub moment arm 532 and a third sub moment arm 533 hinged in sequence.
One end of the first sub-force arm 531 is vertically and rotatably arranged on the rotary base 52 through the second driving motor, the second sub-force arm 532 is hinged to the other end of the first sub-force arm 531, so that the first sub-force arm 531 and the second sub-force arm 532 form a lever structure in a vertical plane, the lever fulcrum is the other end of the first sub-force arm 531, the third sub-force arm 533 is hinged to one end of the second sub-force arm 532, the second sub-force arm 532 and the third sub-force arm 533 form a lever structure in a vertical plane, and the lever fulcrum is the other end of the second sub-force arm 532.
The connecting link 54 includes a first sub-link 541 and a second sub-link 542 hinged end to end.
The end of the first sub-link 541 is fixed on the rotary base 52, and the end of the second sub-link 542 is fixed on the other end of the second sub-arm 532, so that when the first sub-arm 531 rotates relative to the rotary base 52, the first sub-link 541 and the second sub-link 542 are hinged to rotate, and the second sub-arm 532 is driven to perform lever rotation relative to the first sub-arm 531.
The ram assembly 55 includes a ram base 551, a ram cylinder (not shown in the drawings), and a ram 552 for performing a ram action.
The head base 551 is hinged at one end of the third sub-arm 533, the electric stamping cylinder and the stamping head 552 are both disposed in the head base 551, and the electric stamping cylinder drives the stamping head 552 to move along a straight line, so as to stamp the alloy steel billet or cold-heading the ECAP billet E.
The first driving piston 56 and the second driving piston 57 are both arranged on the second sub-moment arm 532, and the output ends of the first driving piston 56 and the second driving piston 57 are respectively arranged on the other end of the third sub-moment arm 533 and the head base 551, specifically, the first driving piston 56 comprises a first oil cylinder 561 and a first piston rod 562 which are matched, and the second driving piston 57 comprises a second oil cylinder 571 and a second piston rod 572 which are matched, so that when the first driving piston 56 acts, the third sub-moment arm 533 performs lever rotation relative to the second sub-moment arm 532; when the second driving piston 57 is operated, the head base 551 rotates relative to the third sub-arm 533, and in this embodiment, the first cylinder 561 is an output end of the first driving piston 56, and the second piston rod 572 is an output end of the second driving piston 57.
The control module includes a processor, a plurality of occlusion sensors (not shown in the figures), a timer, and a pressure sensor (not shown in the figures).
Specifically, both ends of the ECAP mold cavity 21 are provided with shielding sensors, both ends of the rod passing cavity 41a are provided with shielding sensors, when the shielding sensors are shielded, corresponding shielding signals are sent to the processor, and when the shielding sensors are shielded, the timer starts counting, generates corresponding duration data and sends the duration data to the processor.
Specifically, the end of the punch 552 in the direction of movement is provided with a pressure sensor for feeding back a reaction force corresponding to the pressure of the punch face to which the punch is subjected at the time of punching, through pressure value data describing the corresponding pressure value, and sending it to the processor.
In this embodiment, the control module works as follows:
t1: the processor controls the clamping and transferring mechanism 10 to clamp and transfer the alloy steel billet rod to the mouth of the vertical section of the ECAP die cavity 21 and release the alloy steel billet rod to enter the ECAP die 20;
t2: the processor controls the stamping mechanism 50 to perform ECAP processing on the alloy steel billet through a shielding signal sent by the mouth of the vertical section and corresponding preset duration determined by duration data based on the pressure value data and corresponding preset impact force, so that an ECAP billet E is formed;
T3: repeating T1 through T2 until ECAP billet E protrudes from the mouth of the vertical section of ECAP mold cavity 21;
t4: the processor controls the clamping and transferring mechanism 10 to clamp and transfer the ECAP billet E to the rod passing cavity 41a through a shielding signal sent by the mouth of the horizontal section;
t5: the processor controls the supporting mechanism 30 to push the ECAP blank rod E in the rod passing cavity 41a and form single-side support through a shielding signal sent by the mouth of the rod passing cavity 41a and corresponding preset time determined by the time data;
t6: the processor controls the punch 551 to cold-header the end of the ECAP blank E at a corresponding predetermined pressure based on the pressure value data by passing a corresponding predetermined length of time determined from the length of time data through a blind signal issued through the mouth of the stem cavity 41 a.
The above-described embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art without inventive work within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A cold heading forming system based on ECAP processing is used for carrying out cold heading forming on alloy steel billet rods, and is characterized by comprising the following components:
the clamping and transferring mechanism is used for clamping and transferring;
The ECAP mould is positioned near the clamping and transferring mechanism and is provided with an ECAP mould cavity bent at a right angle, and the ECAP mould cavity is used for receiving the alloy steel billet rod clamped and transferred by the clamping and transferring mechanism and outputting the alloy steel billet rod processed by ECAP as an ECAP billet rod;
a cold heading forming die located adjacent to the ECAP die, the cold heading forming die having a linear cold heading forming cavity; the cold heading forming cavity is used for receiving the ECAP billet rods clamped and transferred by the clamping and transferring mechanism;
the support mechanism is positioned near one side of the cold heading forming die and is used for pushing the ECAP billet rod in the cold heading forming cavity and carrying out single-side support; and
a stamping mechanism located between the ECAP die and the cold heading forming die, wherein the stamping mechanism is used for stamping the alloy steel billet rod located in the ECAP die cavity to form the ECAP billet rod and cold heading the ECAP billet rod supported in the cold heading forming cavity,
wherein the supporting mechanism comprises a driving crank connecting rod and a self-locking crank,
the output end of the driving crank connecting rod is hinged with the self-locking crank, and the self-locking crank is provided with a pushing and supporting section for pushing and supporting the ECAP billet,
When the pushing support section supports the ECAP billet, the driving crank connecting rod is in a straight line, the straight line is used as a self-locking straight line, and the self-locking straight line is superposed or parallel with the axis of the cold heading forming cavity.
2. The ECAP process based cold heading forming system according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein the stamping mechanism comprises a stamping base, a first driving motor, a rotating seat, a second driving motor, a force arm assembly and a stamping head assembly,
the rotary seat is horizontally and rotatably arranged on the punching base through the first driving motor,
the force arm component comprises a first sub force arm, a second sub force arm and a third sub force arm which are sequentially hinged,
one end of the first sub force arm is vertically and rotatably arranged on the rotary seat through the second driving motor,
the second sub force arm is hinged on the other end of the first sub force arm, so that the first sub force arm and the second sub force arm form a lever structure in a vertical plane,
the third sub force arm is hinged at one end of the second sub force arm, so that the second sub force arm and the third sub force arm form a lever structure in a vertical plane,
The stamping head assembly comprises a head base, a stamping electric cylinder and a stamping head,
the head base is hinged to one end of the third sub-force arm, the electric stamping cylinder and the stamping head are both arranged in the head base, and the electric stamping cylinder drives the stamping head to move along a straight line, so that the alloy steel billet is stamped or the ECAP billet is subjected to cold heading.
3. The ECAP process based cold heading forming system according to claim 2, wherein:
the end part of the punching head along the movement direction is provided with a pressure sensor which is used for feeding back the reaction force applied to the punching head during punching.
4. The ECAP process based cold heading forming system according to claim 2, wherein:
wherein the stamping mechanism further comprises a connecting rod, a first driving piston and a second driving piston,
the connecting rod comprises a first sub-connecting rod and a second sub-connecting rod which are hinged end to end,
the end part of the first sub-connecting rod is fixedly arranged on the rotating seat, the end part of the second sub-connecting rod is fixedly arranged at the other end of the second sub-force arm,
when the first sub force arm rotates relative to the rotary seat, the first sub connecting rod and the second sub connecting rod are hinged to rotate, so that the second sub force arm is driven to perform lever rotation relative to the first sub force arm,
The first driving piston and the second driving piston are both arranged on the second sub-moment arm, the output ends of the first driving piston and the second driving piston are respectively arranged at the other end of the third sub-moment arm and the head base,
whereby the third sub moment arm makes a lever rotation relative to the second sub moment arm when the first drive piston acts; when the second driving piston acts, the head base rotates relative to the third sub force arm.
5. The ECAP process based cold heading forming system according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein the clamping and transferring mechanism comprises a clamping and transferring base, a steering motor, a third driving motor, a clamping and transferring arm, a fourth driving motor and a clamping claw unit,
the clamping and rotating base is horizontally and rotatably arranged through the steering motor, one end of the clamping and rotating arm is vertically and rotatably arranged on the clamping and rotating base through the third driving motor, and the clamping jaw unit is vertically and rotatably arranged at the other end of the clamping and rotating arm through the fourth driving motor.
6. The ECAP process based cold heading forming system according to claim 5, wherein:
Wherein the clamping jaw unit comprises a base component, a driving electric cylinder, a driving taper rod and a pair of clamping jaws,
the base component can be vertically and rotatably arranged on the clamping rotating arm, the driving conical rod is telescopically arranged on the base component through the driving electric cylinder, the conical end of the driving conical rod is an output end, and the axis of the driving conical rod is used as a clamping middle shaft,
the pair of clamping claws extend along the clamping middle shaft and are symmetrically arranged, the clamping claws are arranged on the base component in a resetting and rotating mode so as to form a lever structure, the clamping claws are provided with root ends and claw ends, the distance between the two root ends is smaller than the radius of the conical top surface of the driving conical rod, and the root ends are close to the output end of the driving conical rod,
when the driving electric cylinder drives the driving conical rod to extend, the driving conical rod drives the pair of clamping claw levers to rotate through pushing the root end, so that the two claw ends are simultaneously close to each other in opposite directions, and clamping is achieved.
7. The ECAP process based cold heading forming system according to claim 6, wherein:
wherein the root end has an arcuate profile,
The clamping jaws are also provided with arc-shaped hinge lugs, the clamping jaws are hinged on the base component through the arc-shaped hinge lugs, and the two arc-shaped hinge lugs are externally tangent,
when the clamping claw lever rotates, the driving taper rod is in rolling contact with the root end, and the two clamping claws are in rolling contact.
8. The ECAP process based cold heading forming system according to claim 6, wherein:
wherein the base component comprises a first base, a second base, a fifth driving motor, a sixth driving motor and a third base,
the first base is vertically rotatably provided on the other end of the clamp rotation arm, the second base is vertically rotatably provided on the first base by the fifth driving motor, the third base is vertically rotatably provided on the second base by the sixth driving motor, and rotation axes of the first base and the third base are parallel, and the rotation axes of the second base and the third base are perpendicular.
9. The ECAP process based cold heading forming system according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein the ECAP mold cavity extends in an L shape and both ends of the ECAP mold cavity are provided with openings on the surface of the ECAP mold,
Two ends of the ECAP die cavity are provided with shielding sensors,
the cold heading forming die comprises a cold heading forming cavity and a support mechanism, wherein the cold heading forming cavity is provided with a continuous rod passing cavity and a continuous pier head cavity, the rod passing cavity and the pier head cavity are provided with openings on the surface of the cold heading forming die, the support mechanism is located near the openings of the rod passing cavity, and two ends of the rod passing cavity are provided with shielding sensors.
10. The ECAP process-based cold heading forming system according to claim 9, further comprising:
a control module having a timer,
when the occlusion sensor is occluded, the timer starts counting.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210352041.1A CN114833290B (en) | 2022-04-02 | 2022-04-02 | Cold heading forming system based on ECAP (ECAP) treatment |
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| CN202210352041.1A CN114833290B (en) | 2022-04-02 | 2022-04-02 | Cold heading forming system based on ECAP (ECAP) treatment |
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| CN114833290B CN114833290B (en) | 2023-06-02 |
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|---|---|
| CN114833290B (en) | 2023-06-02 |
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