CN114832731A - Spiral reactor for coupling high-efficiency compact strong endothermic/exothermic reaction - Google Patents
Spiral reactor for coupling high-efficiency compact strong endothermic/exothermic reaction Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-efficiency compact strong endothermic/exothermic reaction coupling spiral reactor, which comprises the following steps: a. preparing a spiral stainless steel pipe; b. welding and connecting the spiral stainless steel pipe with the flange; c. designing a fluid distribution device at the front end of the porous spiral pipe; d. filling a first reaction catalyst in the stainless steel pipe, introducing a first raw material gas into the stainless steel pipe through an inlet, and discharging the first raw material gas through a lower outlet; e. the outer wall of the spiral stainless steel pipe and the reactor shell form a second reaction cavity, and a second catalyst is filled in the second reaction cavity; f. and a second raw material gas is introduced into the second reaction cavity through the side inlet, the heat released by catalytic combustion is quickly transferred to the catalyst through the spiral stainless steel pipe, and the tail gas is discharged through the side outlet. The invention has the advantages of uniform heating of the catalyst, quick response time, long catalyst mass transfer time, small volume, compact structure and the like by staggered distribution of the reaction cavities, and has great application value in industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gas-solid heterogeneous catalysis, in particular to a spiral reactor for coupling high-efficiency compact strong endothermic/exothermic reaction.
Background
The chemical industry is the backbone of national economy and is closely related to our lives. The catalyst is used as the core of chemical process reinforcement and is a key technology of multiple industries such as energy, chemical industry, environmental protection and the like, so how to design and develop the high-efficiency catalyst and the reactor is the most important factor.
Most of the catalytic processes in chemical production are gas-solid multi-phase reactions with strong heat absorption and strong heat release, the catalytic reaction is usually carried out in a mode of filling a particle catalyst in a fixed bed reactor, and in order to ensure that the reaction temperature of the catalyst is reached and the temperature of the reactor is maintained to be uniform, an external electric heater or a fuel combustion mode is usually adopted for continuous heat supply. In industrial practical application, because a conventional reactor has low thermal efficiency and poor heat transfer performance of a catalyst material, 30-50% of heat loss is frequent, a large number of heat preservation devices are additionally arranged outside the reactor to reduce the heat loss, so that the scale of the reaction device is large, but the problems of internal cold and hot spots, slow temperature starting, uneven bed layer heating and the like cannot be avoided.
The micro-reactor is valued by universities, companies and organizations from the middle of the 90 s of the 20 th century, and the micro-channel reactor relieves the problems of uneven heat transfer, mass transfer limitation and the like of a catalyst bed layer to a certain extent, so that chemical reaction under the condition of uniform temperature and even isothermal condition becomes possible. However, the method has the disadvantages of low catalyst coating amount, high catalyst falling rate, high substrate processing cost and extremely high processing precision, so that the method is limited to experimental research and pilot plant stages and cannot be applied to large-scale industry all the time.
The method for preparing the spiral reactor for coupling the high-efficiency compact strong endothermic/exothermic reaction is provided, a specific feasible scheme is provided for developing the preparation of the high-efficiency catalyst reactor with uniform and controllable temperature, low energy consumption, small volume and high efficiency, and the method has very high industrial application value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems of internal cold and hot spots, slow temperature start, uneven bed layer heating, low catalyst coating amount, high catalyst falling rate, high substrate processing cost and the like of a micro reactor in the conventional fixed bed reactor in the prior art, fill up the blank of the application of a spiral tube reactor in the field of catalysis, and provide the spiral reactor for coupling the high-efficiency compact strong endothermic/exothermic reaction.
The application provides a high-efficient compact strong endothermic/spiral reactor for exothermic reaction coupling is realized through following technical scheme:
a spiral reactor for coupling high-efficiency compact strong endothermic/exothermic reaction is characterized in that:
a. Configuring spiral stainless steel pipes, specifically, designing the pipe diameter, the length and the number according to the reaction type, and preparing the spiral stainless steel pipes;
b. welding the spiral stainless steel pipe and the flange by adopting a welding method;
c. a fluid distribution device is designed at the front end of the spiral stainless steel pipe to realize uniform distribution of reactants in each reaction pipe;
d. filling a catalyst required by a first reaction in a spiral stainless steel pipe, introducing a first raw material gas into the reactor through a front inlet, and discharging the first raw material gas through a lower outlet after the first raw material gas is completely reacted by the catalyst;
e. the outer walls of all the spiral stainless steel pipes and the reactor shell form a second reaction cavity;
f. filling a second catalyst in the second reaction cavity, introducing a second raw material gas into the reactor through a side inlet, and discharging the second raw material gas through a side outlet after the second raw material gas completely reacts with the second catalyst;
g. the second catalyst catalyzes and burns the second raw material gas, and the generated heat is quickly transferred to the catalyst through the spiral stainless steel pipe, so that the catalyst quickly reaches the required reaction temperature; the reaction temperature is 500-1000 ℃, and the reaction temperature is preferably 600-850 ℃.
Further, the catalyst required by the first reaction can be porous particles, a coating can be prepared on the surface of stainless steel, and the whole reaction tube can be integrally formed by adopting a 3D printing porous material. The composite preparation of the particles and the coating can also be realized.
Further, the catalyst required by the second reaction can be porous particles, a coating prepared on the surface of the particles or a composite preparation of the particles and the coating.
Further, the first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber may be in the form of a porous spiral tube, or in the form of a fiber mat, a foam material, a corrugated tube, a corrugated net, a porous tube, a porous net, etc., and the forming manner is not limited to welding, and may be in the form of anchoring, sleeving, nesting, etc.
Furthermore, the material of the first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber can be stainless steel, or Fe-Cr-Al alloy, carbon, SiC, ceramic, cordierite or aluminum.
Furthermore, the front end of the porous spiral tube is provided with a fluid distribution device, and the fluid can also be distributed through a wire mesh and foam metal without a fluid distributor.
Furthermore, the shape of the spiral micro-reactor can be square, rectangular, round and the like, and the size can be 0.01-100 m, wherein the size range of the hole of the spiral pipe is preferably 0.3-20 mm, and the size range of the wall is preferably 0.2-20 mm.
Furthermore, the front end is connected with the front end through a flange, and a quick connector is adopted or integrally welded.
Furthermore, the first reaction cavity and the second reaction cavity adopt a vertical staggered structure, and can also be in the form of coaxial tubes which do not intersect in the same direction.
Compared with the prior art, the positive effect of this application is:
the reactor of this application has realized macroscopical and microcosmic aspect and has constructed catalytic reactor, ingenious adoption spiral pipe packing catalyst, and micron order size catalyst granule is in several millimeters reaction tube evenly distributed, is heated evenly, when strengthening heat transfer and mass transfer efficiency, can show and reduce catalyst amplification effect. Furthermore, different reactions are simultaneously carried out on the inner wall and the outer wall of the same reaction tube to absorb heat and release heat, so that the catalytic reaction coupling is realized, the heat transfer efficiency is greatly enhanced, the limitation of mass and heat transfer is reduced, the response time of the catalytic reactor is greatly reduced, the purpose of high-efficiency operation is realized, and the energy consumption and carbon emission are obviously reduced.
Based on the existing simple processing technology, the advantages of the particle catalyst and the advantages of the microreactor are fully combined, the purposes of miniaturization, integration and scale of the catalytic reactor are achieved, a specific feasible scheme is provided for developing the preparation of the high-efficiency catalyst reactor with uniform and controllable temperature, low energy consumption, small volume and high efficiency, and the method has important significance in the field of process reinforcement.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1: a catalytic reactor as designed herein;
FIG. 1-1: a partial view of a catalytic reactor designed according to the present application;
FIG. 2: example 1 effect time of the present application is compared to a conventional reactor plot;
FIG. 3: the space velocity of the example 1 of the present application is compared with that of a conventional reactor.
The labels in the figures are:
1, the front inlet of the air conditioner is provided with a water inlet,
2 a fluid-dispensing device for dispensing a fluid,
3, a catalyst is added into the reaction kettle,
4, a spiral stainless steel pipe is arranged,
5 a second reaction cavity, wherein the first reaction cavity is provided with a first reaction cavity,
6 a lower outlet of the water tank is arranged,
an outlet at the side of the 7 is arranged,
the inlet at the side of 8 is provided with a water inlet,
9 the shell of the reactor is provided with a plurality of reaction chambers,
10 of the flange of the pipe, and a flange,
11 a second catalyst.
Detailed Description
The following provides an embodiment of the present invention of a spiral reactor for coupling highly efficient, compact and strong endothermic/exothermic reactions.
Example 1:
a high-efficiency compact strong endothermic/exothermic reaction coupling spiral reactor is characterized in that,
a. designing the pipe diameter, the length and the number according to the reaction type, and preparing a spiral stainless steel pipe 4;
b. welding the spiral stainless steel pipe 4 and the flange 10 by adopting a welding method;
c. a fluid distribution device 2 is designed at the front end of the porous spiral tube to realize the uniform distribution of reactants in each reaction tube;
d. filling a catalyst for methanol hydrogen production with the reaction phi 3 x 5 in a methanol-water ratio of 3 in a stainless steel pipe 4The solution is introduced into the reactor through a front inlet 1, the reaction temperature is controlled at 210 ℃, the space velocity is controlled at 2000, and H is generated by the reaction 2 And CO is discharged through a lower outlet 6;
e. the outer walls of all the spiral stainless steel pipes 4 and the reactor shell 9 form a second reaction cavity 5;
f. filling a catalytic combustion catalyst in the second reaction cavity, introducing CH4 gas with the flow rate of 100ml/min into the reactor through the side inlet 8, and discharging the gas through the side outlet 7 after the gas completely reacts with the catalytic combustion catalyst;
g. the heat generated by catalytic combustion quickly passes through the methanol hydrogen production catalyst in the spiral stainless steel pipe, so that the methanol hydrogen production catalyst quickly reaches the required reaction temperature, the balance time in the reaction process is only 20min, and extra heat supply is not needed in the reaction engineering.
The first reaction cavity is a porous spiral pipe made of 316 stainless steel, 12mm in diameter and 100mm in length, and is filled with a granular catalyst, wherein the catalyst is 0.75-2 mmNi-based catalyst.
The second reaction chamber is made of fiber felt and 316. After the fibrofelt is treated at high temperature, an alumina coating is prepared by a slurry method, the thickness of the coating is 0.2-0.3mm, the main material of the coating is gamma-Al 2O3, the coating is soaked by a Pt solution, and then the coating is roasted for 2 hours at 600 ℃ in a protective gas atmosphere. The second reaction cavity is formed by vertically placing a fiber felt and the first reaction cavity.
The front end of the porous spiral tube is provided with a fluid distribution device, and a porous alumina layer is adopted for gas distribution. The front end is provided with a flange for connecting the front end and the rear end.
Control group: a tubular reactor produced by a certain equipment factory in Suzhou, Jiangsu, is made of 316 materials, the pipe diameter is 127mm, the height is 100mm, a flange is arranged at the front end, and an external electric heating catalyst is adopted in a heating mode and is 0.75-2 mmNi-based catalyst. Methanol-water reaction gas is introduced into the reactor, the water-alcohol ratio is 3, the reaction temperature is 210 ℃, and the space velocity is 2000. The front end of the porous spiral tube is provided with a fluid distribution device, and a porous alumina layer is adopted for gas distribution. The front end is provided with a flange for connecting the front end and the rear end. The specific effect diagrams are shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3.
Example 2:
a high efficiency compact strong endothermic/exothermic reaction coupled screw reactor comprising the steps of:
a. designing the pipe diameter, the length and the number according to the reaction type, and preparing a spiral stainless steel pipe 4;
b. welding the spiral stainless steel pipe 4 and the flange 10 by adopting a welding method;
c. a fluid distribution device 2 is designed at the front end of the porous spiral tube to realize the uniform distribution of reactants in each reaction tube;
d. filling a catalyst 3 required by a first reaction in a stainless steel tube 4, introducing a first raw material gas into the reactor through a front inlet 1, and discharging the first raw material gas through a lower outlet 6 after the first raw material gas completely reacts with the catalyst 3;
e. the outer walls of all the spiral stainless steel pipes 4 and the reactor shell 9 form a second reaction cavity 5;
f. A second catalyst 11 is filled in the second reaction cavity, and second raw material gas is introduced into the reactor through the side inlet 8, completely reacted by the second catalyst 11 and discharged through the side outlet 7;
g. the second catalyst 11 catalyzes and burns the second raw material gas, and the generated heat is quickly transferred to the catalyst 3 through the spiral stainless steel pipe 4, so that the second raw material gas quickly reaches the required reaction temperature.
The first reaction cavity is a porous spiral pipe made of 316 stainless steel, and is 12mm in diameter and 120mm in length. The internal coating adopts a slurry method to prepare an aluminum oxide coating, the thickness of the coating is 0.2-0.3mm, and the main material of the coating is gamma-Al 2 O 3 The Ni-based catalyst active component is prepared by adopting an impregnation method, and the loading capacity of the active component is 30%.
The second reaction chamber is made of fiber felt and 316. After the fibrofelt is treated at high temperature, an alumina coating is prepared by a slurry method, the thickness of the coating is 0.2-0.3mm, the main material of the coating is gamma-Al 2O3, the coating is soaked by a Pt solution, and then the coating is roasted for 2 hours at 600 ℃ in a protective gas atmosphere. The second reaction cavity is formed by vertically placing a fiber felt and the first reaction cavity.
The front end of the porous spiral tube is provided with a fluid distribution device, and a porous alumina layer is adopted for gas distribution. The front end is provided with a flange for connecting the front end and the rear end.
Introducing methanol-water reaction gas into the first reaction cavity, wherein the water-alcohol ratio is 3, the reaction temperature is 210 ℃, and the space velocity is 2000; CO and H2 are introduced into the second cavity, the flow rate is 200ml/min, and extra heat supply is not needed in the reaction engineering.
Example 3
A high efficiency compact strong endothermic/exothermic reaction coupled screw reactor comprising the steps of:
a. designing the pipe diameter, the length and the number according to the reaction type, and preparing a spiral stainless steel pipe 4;
b. welding the spiral stainless steel pipe 4 and the flange 10 by adopting a welding method;
c. a fluid distribution device 2 is designed at the front end of the porous spiral tube to realize the uniform distribution of reactants in each reaction tube;
d. filling a catalyst 3 required by a first reaction in a stainless steel tube 4, introducing a first raw material gas into the reactor through a front inlet 1, and discharging the first raw material gas through a lower outlet 6 after the first raw material gas completely reacts with the catalyst 3;
e. the outer walls of all the spiral stainless steel pipes 4 and the reactor shell 9 form a second reaction cavity 5;
f. a second catalyst 11 is filled in the second reaction cavity, and second raw material gas is introduced into the reactor through the side inlet 8, completely reacted by the second catalyst 11 and discharged through the side outlet 7;
g. the second catalyst 11 catalyzes and burns the second raw material gas, and the generated heat is quickly transferred to the catalyst 3 through the spiral stainless steel pipe 4, so that the second raw material gas quickly reaches the required reaction temperature.
The first reaction cavity is a porous spiral pipe made of 316 stainless steel, and is 12mm in diameter and 120mm in length. The internal catalyst adopts foam metal and is made of foam Ni, the coating is prepared into an alumina coating by a slurry method, the thickness of the coating is 0.2-0.3mm, the main material of the coating is gamma-Al 2O3, and the coating amount is 45%. The active component of the Ni-based catalyst is prepared by an impregnation method, and the load capacity of the active component is 35%.
The second reaction chamber is made of fiber felt and 316. After the fibrofelt is treated at high temperature, an alumina coating is prepared by a slurry method, the thickness of the coating is 0.2-0.3mm, the main material of the coating is gamma-Al 2O3, the coating is soaked by a Pt solution, and then the coating is roasted for 2 hours at 600 ℃ in a protective gas atmosphere. The second reaction cavity is formed by vertically placing a fiber felt and the first reaction cavity.
The front end of the porous spiral tube is provided with a fluid distribution device, and a porous alumina layer is adopted for gas distribution. The front end is provided with a flange for connecting the front end and the rear end.
Introducing methanol-water reaction gas into the first reaction cavity, wherein the water-alcohol ratio is 3, the reaction temperature is 210 ℃, and the space velocity is 2000; the second cavity was vented with CO and H2 at a flow rate of 300 ml/min. No additional heat supply is needed in the reaction engineering.
Example 4
A high efficiency compact strong endothermic/exothermic reaction coupled screw reactor comprising the steps of:
a. Designing the pipe diameter, the length and the number according to the reaction type, and preparing a spiral stainless steel pipe 4;
b. welding the spiral stainless steel pipe 4 and the flange 10 by adopting a welding method;
c. a fluid distribution device 2 is designed at the front end of the porous spiral tube to realize the uniform distribution of reactants in each reaction tube;
d. filling a catalyst 3 required by a first reaction in a stainless steel tube 4, introducing a first raw material gas into the reactor through a front inlet 1, and discharging the first raw material gas through a lower outlet 6 after the first raw material gas completely reacts with the catalyst 3;
e. the outer walls of all the spiral stainless steel pipes 4 and the reactor shell 9 form a second reaction cavity 5;
f. a second catalyst 11 is filled in the second reaction cavity, and second feed gas is introduced into the reactor through a side inlet 8, completely reacted by the second catalyst 11 and discharged through a side outlet 7;
g. the second catalyst 11 catalyzes and burns the second raw material gas, and the generated heat is quickly transferred to the catalyst 3 through the spiral stainless steel pipe 4, so that the second raw material gas quickly reaches the required reaction temperature.
The first reaction cavity is a porous spiral net made of Fe-Cr-Al alloy and has a diameter of 6mm and a length of 60 mm. The internal catalyst is coated with alumina coating of 0.2-0.3mm thickness prepared by slurry method, and the coating is prepared from gamma-Al 2O3 with coating amount of 45%. The active component of the Ni-based catalyst is prepared by an impregnation method, and the load capacity of the active component is 35%.
The second reaction cavity is made of fiber felt and 316. After the fibrofelt is treated at high temperature, an alumina coating is prepared by a slurry method, the thickness of the coating is 0.2-0.3mm, the main material of the coating is gamma-Al 2O3, the coating is soaked by a Pt solution, and then the coating is roasted for 2 hours at 600 ℃ in a protective gas atmosphere. The second reaction cavity is formed by vertically placing a fiber felt and the first reaction cavity.
The front end of the porous spiral tube is provided with a fluid distribution device, and a porous alumina layer is adopted for gas distribution. The front end is provided with a flange for connecting the front end and the rear end.
Introducing methanol-water reaction gas into the first reaction cavity, wherein the water-alcohol ratio is 3, the reaction temperature is 210 ℃, and the space velocity is 2000; the second cavity was vented with CO and H2 at a flow rate of 300 ml/min. No additional heat supply is needed in the reaction engineering.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as being within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A spiral reactor for coupling high-efficiency compact strong endothermic/exothermic reaction is characterized in that: the technical scheme comprises the following steps:
a. a spiral stainless steel pipe is configured;
b. Welding the spiral stainless steel pipe and the flange by adopting a welding method;
c. a fluid distribution device is designed at the front end of the spiral stainless steel pipe to realize uniform distribution of reactants in each reaction pipe;
d. filling a catalyst required by a first reaction in a spiral stainless steel pipe, introducing a first raw material gas into the reactor through a front inlet, and discharging the first raw material gas through a lower outlet after the first raw material gas is completely reacted by the catalyst;
e. the outer walls of all the spiral stainless steel pipes and the reactor shell form a second reaction cavity;
f. filling a second catalyst in the second reaction cavity, introducing a second raw material gas into the reactor through a side inlet, and discharging the second raw material gas through a side outlet after the second raw material gas completely reacts with the second catalyst;
g. the second catalyst catalyzes and burns the second raw material gas, and the generated heat is quickly transferred to the catalyst through the spiral stainless steel pipe, so that the catalyst quickly reaches the required reaction temperature.
2. A spiral reactor for coupling high-efficiency compact strong endothermic/exothermic reaction according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst for the first reaction is porous particles, or a coating layer is prepared on the surface, or the whole reaction tube is made of 3D printed porous material, integrated, or a combination of particles and coating layer.
3. A high efficiency compact strong endothermic/exothermic reaction coupled spiral reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the catalyst for the second reaction is porous particles, or is surface coated, or is a combination of particles and coating.
4. A spiral reactor for coupling high-efficiency compact strong endothermic/exothermic reaction in claim 1, wherein the first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber are spiral stainless steel tube, or fiber felt, foam, corrugated tube, corrugated net, porous tube, porous net, and their forming method is not limited to welding, or anchoring, sleeving, nesting.
5. A highly efficient compact strong endothermic/exothermic reaction coupled spiral reactor as set forth in claim 1, wherein the materials of the first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber are stainless steel, Fe-Cr-Al alloy, carbon, SiC, ceramic, cordierite or aluminum materials.
6. A spiral reactor for coupling endothermic/exothermic reactions with high efficiency and compactness as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spiral stainless steel tube is provided with a fluid distribution device at the front end or without a fluid distributor, and is distributed by wire mesh or foam metal.
7. The spiral reactor for coupling high-efficiency compact strong endothermic/exothermic reaction according to claim 1, wherein the spiral microreactor has a shape of square, rectangle, circle and a size of 0.01 to 100 m.
8. The spiral reactor for coupling highly efficient compact strong endothermic/exothermic reaction according to claim 1, wherein the hole size of the spiral stainless steel tube is selected from the range of 0.3mm to 20mm, and the wall size is selected from the range of 0.2mm to 20 mm.
9. A high efficiency compact strong endothermic/exothermic reaction coupling screw reactor in accordance with claim 1, wherein the front end is flanged for front and rear end connection using a quick coupling or integral welding.
10. A spiral reactor for coupling high-efficiency compact strong endothermic/exothermic reaction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber are formed in a vertically staggered structure or in the form of coaxial tubes not intersecting in the same direction.
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