CN114827496A - Method and device for processing dynamic dead pixel - Google Patents
Method and device for processing dynamic dead pixel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of image processing, and solves the technical problem of poor imaging quality caused by poor processing effect of some dynamic dead pixels, in particular to a dynamic dead pixel processing method, which comprises the following steps: according to the characteristics of a color filter matrix, taking a central pixel of the matrix as a current pixel, and taking n pixels with the same color on the periphery of the current pixel to form a reference array; calculating the average value of normal pixels in the reference array; correspondingly dividing the current pixel into four adjacent pixel groups according to four directions by taking the current pixel as a center, and finding out the direction of an edge according to the same color difference value of each adjacent pixel group; and judging whether the current pixel is a dead pixel or not according to the direction difference value. The invention determines the edge direction of the image content according to the color filter matrix and the color difference constant theory, finds out the abnormal pixels according to the change trend of the edge pixels and then processes the abnormal pixels, is a real-time bad point processing method based on the change of the image content, and improves the imaging quality.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of image processing technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for processing dynamic dead pixels.
Background
Some bad spots inevitably exist in the manufactured image sensor due to the difference between the semiconductor manufacturing process and the raw material. The dead pixel is a pixel which does not change with the sensitivity and always shows the same brightness; the dead spots are mainly classified into two types: one is a static dead pixel where the pixel is always bright or dark; another is a dynamic dead pixel where the difference in the change in pixel value over time is much smaller than the surrounding pixels. The presence of the dead pixel is one of the causes of the deterioration of the image quality, and therefore, it is very necessary to deal with the dead pixel for improving the image quality.
At present, in the prior art, the defect of an image sensor is usually processed only based on the defects of equipment, after the defect of the image sensor is found out under specific conditions, a detected defect address is stored in a defect table, the defect is stored in a memory according to a table form, and then the memory is called to solve the known defect problem.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a dynamic dead pixel processing method and a dynamic dead pixel processing device, which solve the technical problem of poor imaging quality caused by poor processing effect of some dynamic dead pixels, and achieve the purposes of processing the dead pixels in real time based on the change of image content, improving the imaging quality and having strong inclusion.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a dynamic dead pixel processing method comprises the following processes:
s1, according to the characteristics of a color filter matrix, taking a central pixel of the matrix as a current pixel, and taking n pixels with the same color on the periphery of the current pixel to form a reference array;
s2, calculating the average value of normal pixels in the reference array;
s3, correspondingly dividing the current pixel into four adjacent pixel groups according to four directions of horizontal, vertical, 45-degree inclination and 135-degree inclination by taking the current pixel as a center, finding out the direction of an edge according to the same color difference value of each adjacent pixel group, and calculating the corresponding color difference value;
and S4, judging whether the current pixel is a dead pixel or not according to the direction difference, if the maximum direction difference is larger than K times of the minimum direction difference and the minimum direction difference is larger than a set threshold value, judging that the current pixel is a dead pixel and replacing the original pixel value of the current pixel with a correction value, and if not, judging that the current pixel is a normal pixel and outputting the pixel value of the current pixel.
Further, before the step S1, the method further includes:
s0. the method comprises acquiring image, defining pixel values of all pixels in the image as a two-dimensional array, setting a corresponding label value for each pixel according to the detection result, and sequentially storing the label value of each pixel in a table.
Further, a correction value is determined according to whether the edge difference value is valid, if the edge difference value is valid, the correction value is a reference value on the boundary, otherwise, the correction value is the average value.
Further, the color difference values include the largest direction difference value and the smallest direction difference value in four directions of horizontal, vertical, 45-degree oblique and 135-degree oblique.
A dynamic dead pixel processing apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the selecting unit is used for taking a central pixel of the matrix as a current pixel according to the characteristics of the color filter matrix and taking n pixels with the same color on the periphery of the current pixel to form a reference array;
the first calculating unit is used for calculating the average value of normal pixels in the reference array;
the second calculation unit is used for correspondingly dividing the current pixel into four adjacent pixel groups in four directions of horizontal, vertical, 45-degree inclined and 135-degree inclined by taking the current pixel as a center, finding out the direction of an edge according to the same color difference value of each adjacent pixel group, and calculating the corresponding direction difference value;
and the judging and correcting unit is used for judging whether the current pixel is a dead pixel or not according to the direction difference value, if the maximum direction difference value is larger than K times of the minimum direction difference value and the minimum direction difference value is larger than a set threshold value, judging that the current pixel is a dead pixel and replacing the original pixel value of the current pixel with a correction value, and if not, judging that the current pixel is a normal pixel and outputting the pixel value of the current pixel.
Further, the apparatus includes an image acquisition unit configured to acquire an image and define pixel values of all pixels in the image as a two-dimensional array, set a corresponding flag value for each pixel according to a result of the detection, and store the flag value of each pixel in a table in order.
By means of the technical scheme, the invention provides a method and a device for processing dynamic dead pixels, which at least have the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention determines the edge direction of the image content according to the color filter matrix and the color difference constant theory, finds out the abnormal pixels according to the change trend of the edge pixels and then processes the abnormal pixels, is a real-time bad point processing method based on the change of the image content, and also comprises the processing of some obvious noise points, thereby improving the image processing effect and being easy to popularize and apply.
2. The invention switches the fixed point processing based on the equipment to the dynamic dead pixel processing based on the image content, effectively solves the problem of correcting the dynamic dead pixel, does not distinguish the bright point and the dark point, and has better inclusion, thereby being a better supplement to the static dead pixel processing and further having higher market value and application prospect.
The invention determines the edge direction of the image content according to the color filter matrix and the color difference constant theory, finds out the abnormal pixels according to the change trend of the edge pixels and then processes the abnormal pixels, is a real-time bad point processing method based on the change of the image content, also comprises the processing of some obvious noise points, has the advantages of strong inclusion, good processing effect and the like, has higher market value and application prospect, and is easy to popularize and apply.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a dynamic dead pixel processing method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of pixels of the same color in a RAW image involved in the method for processing dynamic dead pixels according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of four directions in a RAW diagram involved in the method for processing a dynamic dead pixel according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a dynamic dead pixel processing apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below. Therefore, the realization process of how to apply technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the method for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by a program instructing relevant hardware, and thus, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
Referring to fig. 1 to fig. 4, a method for processing a dynamic dead pixel according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, in which an image to be processed is in a RAW image format, and the method specifically includes the following steps:
s0. obtains the RAW image and defines the pixel values of all pixels in the image as a two-dimensional array RawImg, wherein RawImg (y, x) represents the current pixel, i.e. the y row and x column in the image, sets a corresponding label value for each pixel according to the detection result, and stores the label value of each pixel in the table in sequence.
S1, in a RAW image, according to the characteristics of a color filter matrix (CFA), taking a central pixel of the matrix as a current pixel, as shown in c in FIG. 2, and taking n pixels with the same color on the periphery of the current pixel to form a reference array, wherein the pixel value of the reference array is defined as another two-dimensional array BlockBuf;
in this embodiment, n is 8 and is respectively denoted as s 0 ～s 7 Meanwhile, the known bad point mark value stored in the memory is positioned as a two-dimensional array Block DPs corresponding to s 0 ～s 7 Respectively marked as sd 0 ～sd 7 E.g. sd 0 When 1, denotes a known s 0 Is marked as a dead spot if sd 0 When equal to 0, then represents s 0 Is a normal pixel.
S2, calculating the average value of normal pixels in the reference array, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
s3, correspondingly dividing the current pixel into four adjacent pixel groups according to four directions of horizontal, vertical, 45-degree inclination and 135-degree inclination by taking the current pixel as a center, finding out the direction of an edge according to the same color difference value of each adjacent pixel group, and calculating the direction difference values in the four directions, wherein the specific calculation process is as follows:
1) calculating the average value, the absolute value of the difference value and the absolute value of the difference value of the current pixel and the average value of the same color pixels on two sides of the current pixel in four directions of horizontal, vertical, 45-degree inclined and 135-degree inclined respectively:
p2_diff(i)＝|s i -s i+4 |
diff_p2avg(i)＝|c-p2_avg(i)|
2) the smoothness in the four directions of horizontal, vertical, 45 ° oblique and 135 ° oblique is judged one by one, for example, in the case where it is known that there is no dead pixelI.e. (sd) i +sd i+4 0) if the absolute value of the difference between the current pixel and the average value is less than half of the absolute value of the difference between two pixels adjacent in the same direction, i.e. if the absolute value of the difference between two pixels adjacent in the same direction is less than half of the absolute value of the difference between two pixels adjacent in the same direction
The gradient change in this direction is considered to be smooth, flag _ smth i]1, otherwise flag _ smth [ i [ ]]The edge difference diff _ p2dir [ i ] in this direction is marked simultaneously 0]P2_ diff (i), if not smooth, label diff _ p2dir [ i]＝255。
3) In four directions of horizontal, vertical, 45-degree oblique and 135-degree oblique, on the premise that the vertical direction is not smooth, finding the direction with the minimum edge difference value, and recording the average value in the direction as a reference value ref _ edge ═ p2_ avg (i) on the edge; meanwhile, if the difference value diff _ p2dir (i) ≦ MAX (16, blk _ avg/4) in the current edge direction, the flag _ p2dir for which the current edge difference value is valid is set to 1 (note that the initialization value of the flag _ p2dir is 0).
4) Calculating the maximum direction difference value, and the minimum value and the maximum value of the average value, and judging whether to adopt the reference value ref _ edge of the edge during dead pixel correction:
diff_p2avg_min＝min 0≤k≤3 diff_p2avg(k)
s4, judging whether the current pixel is a dead pixel or not according to the direction difference value, wherein the specific process is as follows:
1) if there is no known dead pixel in the four directions of horizontal, vertical, 45-degree oblique and 135-degree oblique, the variation trend of the same color pixel and the variation trend of the color difference are calculated, and the minimum difference value is extracted as a possible edge difference value.
In this embodiment, for convenience of calculation, data sorting is performed on the original pixel values in BlockBuf and the dead pixel marks in BlockDPs according to the direction, and as shown in fig. 3, five pixels A, B, C, D and E in the horizontal direction are represented by an array line _ pix (0, 0-4); similarly, line _ pix (1,0 to 4) represents five pixels inclined at 135 °, line _ pix (2,0 to 4) represents five pixels in the vertical direction, and line _ pix (3,0 to 4) represents five pixels inclined at 45 °.
line _ sdp (0, 0-4) represents a dead pixel mark of five pixels in the horizontal direction, and if a pixel is defined as a dead pixel, the pixel is marked as 1, otherwise, the pixel is marked as 0; similarly, line _ sdp (1,0 to 4) indicates a dead pixel mark of five pixels when tilted at 135 °, line _ sdp (2,0 to 4) indicates a dead pixel mark of five pixels when tilted at vertical, and line _ sdp (3,0 to 4) indicates a dead pixel mark of five pixels when tilted at 45 °.
2) In four directions of horizontal, vertical, 45-degree oblique and 135-degree oblique, respectively pressing the first four continuous pixels and the last four continuous pixels, and counting the known number of dead pixels.
For example, in the horizontal direction
It can be seen that the four directions yield 8 statistics in total:
wherein, i is more than or equal to 0 and less than 4, which represents four directions.
Taking the first four pixels in line _ pix as the left pixel and the last four pixels as the right pixel in each direction, for example, line _ pix (0, 0-3) represents the left, line _ pix (0, 1-4) represents the right, and so on in the horizontal direction.
If there is a dead pixel in the left four pixels (sum _ lsdp (k,0) ═ 1), then line _ ydif _ lft (i) is given a maximum value of 255, otherwise the absolute value of the difference between the current pixel and the predicted pixel value in the left pixel in each direction is calculated:
line_ydif_lft(i)＝|line_pix(i,2)-(line_pix(i,0)+line_pix(i,3)-line_pix(i,1))|
and the minimum of the absolute values of the pixel differences of the same color:
line_cdif_lft(i)＝min(|line_pix(i,0)-line_pix(i,2)|,|line_pix(i,1)-line_pix(i,3)|)
and when the condition (line _ cdif _ lft (i) > MAX _ VAL 3/4) is satisfied, it is necessary to reset line _ ydif _ lft (i) to the maximum value 255.
Similarly, if there is a dead pixel in the four pixels on the right (sum _ lsdp (k,1) ═ 1), then line _ ydif _ rgt (i) is given a maximum value of 255, otherwise the following calculation is performed:
line_ydif_rgt(i)＝|line_pix(i,2)–(line_pix(i,4)+line_pix(i,1)–line_pix(i,3))|line_cdif_rgt(i)＝min(|line_pix(i,1)-line_pix(i,3)|,|line_pix(i,2)-line_pix(i,4)|)
and when the condition (line _ cdif _ rgt (i) > M X _ VAL 3/4) is satisfied, line _ ydif _ rgt (i) needs to be reset to the maximum value 255.
It should be noted that MAX _ VAL represents the maximum value of the pixel, and the maximum value differs depending on the bit width of the pixel data. For example, when 10 bits are used, MAX _ VAL is 1023.
3) Calculating the difference values in four directions of horizontal, vertical, 45-degree inclined and 135-degree inclined:
line_ydif(i)＝(min(line_ydif_lft(i),line_ydif_rgt(i))+diff_p2avg(i))/2
wherein, i is more than or equal to 0 and less than 4, which represents four directions. The smallest directional difference can be obtained:
4) and in the four direction difference values, if the maximum direction difference value is larger than K times of the minimum direction difference value and the minimum direction difference value is larger than a set threshold value THD _ LINE _ DIF, judging that the current pixel is a dead pixel and replacing the original pixel value of the current pixel by a correction value, and if not, judging that the current pixel is a normal pixel and outputting the pixel value of the current pixel.
As shown in fig. 4, the present invention provides a technical solution: a dynamic dead pixel processing apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the selecting unit 100 is used for taking a central pixel of the matrix as a current pixel according to the characteristics of the color filter matrix, and taking n pixels with the same color at the periphery of the current pixel to form a reference array;
the first calculating unit 200, the first calculating unit 200 is used for calculating the average value of the normal pixels in the reference array;
a second calculating unit 300, wherein the second calculating unit 300 is configured to divide the current pixel into four adjacent pixel groups correspondingly according to four directions of horizontal, vertical, 45 ° oblique, and 135 ° oblique, find the direction of the edge according to the same color difference value of each adjacent pixel group, and calculate the color difference value in the four directions;
and the judging and correcting unit 400 is used for judging whether the current pixel is a dead pixel according to the color difference value, if the maximum direction difference value is larger than K times of the minimum direction difference value and the minimum color difference value is larger than a set threshold value, judging that the current pixel is a dead pixel and replacing the original pixel value of the current pixel with a correction value, and if not, judging that the current pixel is a normal pixel and outputting the pixel value of the current pixel.
The apparatus further comprises an image acquisition unit 500, the image acquisition unit (500) being configured to acquire the image and define pixel values of all pixels in the image as a two-dimensional array, set a corresponding flag value for each pixel according to a result of the detection, and store the flag values of each pixel in the table in order.
According to the embodiment, according to the color difference constant theory, the difference values of the adjacent pixels with the same color are equal, if the difference value between the current pixel and the adjacent pixel with the same color is larger than the difference value between the current pixel and the adjacent pixel with different color, the current pixel may be a dead pixel, and then the average value of the adjacent pixels with the same color is used as the correction value of the current pixel along the edge direction of the image, so that the dead pixel processing efficiency and effect of the image are improved.
The invention determines the edge direction of the image content according to the color filter matrix and the color difference constant theory, finds out the abnormal pixels according to the change trend of the edge pixels and then processes the abnormal pixels, is a real-time bad point processing method based on the change of the image content, also comprises the processing of some obvious noise points, has the advantages of strong inclusion, good processing effect and the like, has higher market value and application prospect, and is easy to popularize and apply.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For each of the above embodiments, since they are basically similar to the method embodiments, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiments.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, and the principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, which are provided only to assist understanding of the methods and core concepts of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for processing dynamic dead pixels is characterized by comprising the following processes:
s1, according to the characteristics of a color filter matrix, taking a central pixel of the matrix as a current pixel, and taking n pixel values with the same color at the periphery of the current pixel to form a reference array;
s2, calculating the average value of normal pixels in the reference array;
s3, correspondingly dividing the current pixel serving as a center into four adjacent pixel groups according to four directions of horizontal, vertical, 45-degree inclined and 135-degree inclined, finding out the direction of an edge according to the same-color difference value of each adjacent pixel group, and calculating the corresponding direction difference value;
and S4, judging whether the current pixel is a dead pixel or not according to the direction difference, if the maximum direction difference is larger than K times of the minimum direction difference and the minimum direction difference is larger than a set threshold value, judging that the current pixel is a dead pixel and replacing the original pixel value of the current pixel with a correction value, and if not, judging that the current pixel is a normal pixel and outputting the pixel value of the current pixel.
2. The method for processing dynamic dead pixel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: before the step S1, the method further includes:
s0. the method comprises acquiring image, defining pixel values of all pixels in the image as a two-dimensional array, setting a corresponding label value for each pixel according to the detection result, and sequentially storing the label value of each pixel in a table.
3. The method for processing dynamic dead pixel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and determining a correction value according to whether the edge difference value is effective, wherein if the edge difference value is effective, the correction value is a reference value on the boundary, and if not, the correction value is the average value.
4. The method for processing dynamic dead pixel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the direction difference comprises the maximum direction difference and the minimum direction difference in four directions of horizontal, vertical, 45-degree inclined and 135-degree inclined.
5. A dynamic dead pixel processing device is characterized in that: the device includes:
the device comprises a selection unit (100), a color filter matrix and a pixel value calculation unit, wherein the selection unit (100) is used for taking a central pixel of the matrix as a current pixel according to the characteristics of the color filter matrix and forming a reference array by taking n pixel values with the same color on the periphery of the current pixel;
a first calculation unit (200), the first calculation unit (200) being configured to calculate an average value of normal pixels in a reference array;
the second computing unit (300) is used for correspondingly dividing the current pixel into four adjacent pixel groups in four directions of horizontal, vertical, 45-degree inclination and 135-degree inclination by taking the current pixel as a center, finding out the direction of an edge according to the same color difference value of each adjacent pixel group, and computing the corresponding direction difference value;
and the judging and correcting unit (400) is used for judging whether the current pixel is a dead pixel or not according to the direction difference value, if the maximum direction difference value is larger than K times of the minimum direction difference value and the minimum direction difference value is larger than a set threshold value, the current pixel is judged to be a dead pixel and the original pixel value of the current pixel is replaced by the corrected value, and if not, the current pixel is judged to be a normal pixel and the pixel value of the current pixel is output.
6. The apparatus for processing dynamic dead pixel as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the apparatus further comprises an image acquisition unit (500), the image acquisition unit (500) being configured to acquire the image and define pixel values of all pixels in the image as a two-dimensional array, set a corresponding flag value for each pixel according to a result of the detection, and store the flag value of each pixel in the table in order.
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