CN114824999B - High-power direct liquid-cooled laser device with low thermal distortion - Google Patents
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- CN114824999B CN114824999B CN202210776088.0A CN202210776088A CN114824999B CN 114824999 B CN114824999 B CN 114824999B CN 202210776088 A CN202210776088 A CN 202210776088A CN 114824999 B CN114824999 B CN 114824999B
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- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 44
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/02—Constructional details
- H01S3/04—Arrangements for thermal management
- H01S3/0407—Liquid cooling, e.g. by water
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/02—Constructional details
- H01S3/04—Arrangements for thermal management
- H01S3/042—Arrangements for thermal management for solid state lasers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-power direct liquid-cooled laser device capable of realizing low thermally induced distortion, and relates to the technical field of high-energy laser. The laser device includes: the laser gain control system comprises a first pumping source, a second pumping source, a first gain module, a second gain module and a laser resonant cavity, wherein the first gain module and the second gain module are reversely connected in series based on a flow field. Aiming at the defect that the high light beam quality is difficult to obtain due to the large thermal aberration of the direct liquid-cooled laser, the composite-structure gain crystal is adopted while the internal flow field of the gain module is effectively homogenized, so that the edge effect of wavefront distortion is effectively inhibited; meanwhile, the mode of connecting the laser cooling liquid in a reverse flowing double-module series mode is adopted, self-compensation of the thermotropic oblique aberration is realized, the device has the advantages of excellent heat management mode, good quality of output laser beams and the like, and meanwhile, the device is compact and small and has important application prospects in the field of high-power lasers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-energy laser, in particular to a high-power direct liquid-cooled laser device capable of realizing low thermal distortion.
Background
The high-power solid laser has the advantages of large output energy, high peak power, high reliability and long service life, and is widely applied to the fields of industry, medical treatment, scientific research, national defense and the like. With the increasing demand of the fields of industrial processing, military, national defense and the like on the laser, higher requirements are put forward on indexes such as power, beam quality, volume, weight and the like of the laser. Conventional solid state laser structures, such as thin-film lasers, slab lasers, etc., have difficulty meeting new requirements in terms of power-to-volume (weight) ratios. Thermal management is a key factor affecting laser power, efficiency, volume, weight, and other indicators. As laser output power increases, the requirements for thermal management are even further increased. The conventional heat sink type heat dissipation mode of the solid laser can not meet the requirements of high efficiency and rapid heat dissipation of the high-power laser gradually. To meet the heat dissipation requirement, the volume and weight of the heat dissipation structure must be increased, and the complexity of the system is increased. Therefore, it is necessary to design a new heat dissipation method for a solid laser and develop a new compact solid laser.
Direct liquid cooling is an effective heat management mode, the laser gain medium is directly soaked in the cooling liquid, and medium heat is directly taken away through the flowing of the liquid, so that quick and efficient heat management is realized. Under the support of the high-efficiency thermal management, a plurality of gain media can be arranged in an array mode, and distributed gain is achieved. The gain mode has the advantages that the heat generation rate of the monolithic gain medium is reduced, meanwhile, extremely high gain can be obtained in unit volume, and the compactness and the miniaturization of the laser are realized. U.S. Pat. No. US7366211B2 discloses a liquid direct-cooling laser, and the laser device is a new laser design idea that a plurality of media are placed in liquid and laser output is realized by single-pass side pumping.
However, for direct liquid-cooled laser devices, the flowing liquid can affect laser transmission due to the thermo-optic coefficient (d) of the liquidn/dT) The liquid is large, the liquid is unevenly distributed due to uneven flow velocity, and finally large liquid thermally-induced wavefront distortion is caused, and most of the wavefront distortion introduced by the liquid is high-order components in a time domain and a space domain; meanwhile, even if the flow field is completely uniform, the edge thermal mutation generated by the gain crystal in the laser loading process can be greatly influencedAffecting the beam quality. Therefore, improving the speed uniformity of the laser cooling liquid in the gain medium heat generation area and effectively inhibiting the edge effect in the gain module are the key points for improving the beam quality of the direct liquid cooling laser.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a high-power direct liquid-cooled laser device with low thermal distortion, which realizes high uniform flow velocity distribution of a gain region in a gain device along the flow field span direction.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high power direct liquid cooled laser apparatus with low thermally induced distortion, the apparatus comprising: the laser gain control system comprises a first pumping source, a second pumping source, a first gain module, a second gain module and a laser resonant cavity, wherein the first gain module and the second gain module are reversely connected in series based on a flow field;
the first/second gain module comprises an outer device frame (1), an inner device frame (2), a flow guide cone (3), a two-stage separation homogenization grid with homogenization effect on a flow field, a bonded composite crystal (6) and a micro-channel separation strip (7);
the guide cone (3) is used for guiding the laser cooling liquid (10) into and out of the gain module; the bonded composite crystal (6) is used as a gain medium to obtain high laser gain.
In one aspect, the two-stage separation homogenization grid comprises a vertical homogenization grid (4) and a homodromous homogenization grid (5) stacked in parallel; the vertical homogenization grating (4) is characterized in that the directions of grating bars (21) and grating holes (22) are vertical to the placement direction of the bonded composite crystals (6), and the homodromous homogenization grating (5) is characterized in that the directions of grating bars (23) and grating holes (24) are parallel to the placement direction of the bonded composite crystals (6).
The homogenization grid for two-stage separation comprises grid holes (22) separated by grid bars (21) not greater than 0.3mm thick, the thickness of the homogenization grid being not less than 5 mm.
The vertical homogenization grid (4) is placed as close as possible to the bonded composite crystals (6).
On the other hand, the bonded composite crystal (6) consists of low-thermal-conductivity glass (17), a turbulent dissipation section crystal (18), a gain crystal (19) and a flow field recovery section crystal (20), wherein the turbulent dissipation section crystal (18), the gain crystal (19) and the flow field recovery section crystal (20) are sequentially connected in a bonding mode, and the three sections of crystals are integrally processed; the low-thermal-conductivity glass (17) is connected with each section of crystal in a symmetrical plane through gluing.
After the two gain modules are connected in series in an inverted manner, in the direction of an optical path, a first pumping source (110) and a second pumping source (111) respectively emit first pumping light (120) and second pumping light (121), and then are respectively guided into the two gain modules through a first dichroic mirror (130) and a second dichroic mirror (131), and the gain modules are pumped by adopting an end-face pumping manner; the total reflection mirror (14) and the output mirror (15) are respectively positioned at two ends of the whole gain module and form a laser resonant cavity, and the output of the output laser (26) is realized through the laser output mirror (15) after the oscillation and amplification of the intra-cavity oscillation laser (16) for multiple times reach a threshold value; meanwhile, laser cooling liquid (10) enters the gain module through the flow guide cone (3) to be homogenized, circulated and cooled and then is output.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the prior art, the high-power direct liquid-cooled laser gain device with low thermally induced distortion mainly adopts the separated two-pole grating to homogenize the flow field, the composite crystal to inhibit the edge effect and the double modules to reversely and serially connect and self-compensate the oblique aberration to realize the low thermally induced distortion of the whole gain module, so that the device has the advantages of excellent thermal management mode, good quality of output laser beams and the like, is compact and small, and has important application prospect in the field of high-power lasers.
2. The two-stage separation homogenizing grid holes adopted by the invention are vertical to each other, so that the speed of a liquid flow field in a non-flow direction can be effectively controlled and homogenized, and the speed uniformity of the flow field in the flow direction is improved.
3. The composite crystal adopted by the invention realizes further homogenization and edge effect inhibition of the flow field, can ensure further dissipation of turbulent flow, and also avoids turbulence introduced by a reverse step caused by the traditional bonding process; and simultaneously, the large edge effect caused by the large temperature gradient at the gain edge can be prevented.
4. The two gain modules with reversed flow fields are connected in series to realize compensation of the oblique aberration along the flow field direction, and the modules with different flow directions are connected in series to enable the high-temperature end of one module to be in the same path with the low-temperature area of the other module, so that the oblique aberration self-compensation is realized, and the effective heat management is ensured by cooling the laser gain medium.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a high power direct liquid-cooled laser apparatus with low thermally induced distortion;
FIG. 2 is a vertical homogenization grid involved in the laser gain apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view of a parallel homogenization grid involved in the laser gain apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a bonded composite crystal involved in a laser gain apparatus provided by the present invention;
figure 5 is a graph of thermally induced aberration results for glasses without and with low thermal conductivity provided by the present invention.
In the figure: 1-device outer frame, 2-device inner frame, 3-flow guide cone, 4-vertical homogenization grating, 5-parallel homogenization grating, 6-bonded composite crystal, 7-micro channel separation strip, 8-inter-module connecting pipeline, 9-inter-module connecting screw, 10-laser cooling liquid, 110-first pumping source, 111-second pumping source, 120-first pumping light, 121-second pumping light, 130-first dichroic mirror, 131-second dichroic mirror, 14-total reflection mirror, 15-laser output mirror, 16-intracavity oscillation laser, 17-low thermal conductivity glass, 18-turbulence dissipation section crystal, 19-laser gain crystal, 20-flow field recovery section crystal, 21-vertical homogenization grating strip, 22-vertical grating hole, 23-parallel homogenization grating strips, 24-parallel grating holes, 25-laser light transmission windows, 26-output laser, 30-incoming flow guide cone and 31-outgoing flow guide cone.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the following description of the technical solutions of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention is made clearly and completely, and other similar embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; the connection can be mechanical connection, electrical connection, physical connection or wireless communication connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a high-power direct liquid-cooled laser device capable of achieving low thermally induced distortion, and the high-power direct liquid-cooled laser device includes a first pump source, a second pump source, a first gain module, a second gain module, and a laser resonant cavity, where the first gain module and the second gain module are connected in series and inversely based on a flow field.
The first/second gain module comprises an outer device frame (1), an inner device frame (2), a flow guide cone (3), a two-stage separation homogenization grid, a bonded composite crystal (6), a micro-channel separating strip (7) and laser cooling liquid (10).
In the gain module, a guide cone (3) is used to guide the laser cooling liquid (10) into and out of the gain module. The flow guide cone (3) specifically comprises an incoming flow guide cone (30) and an outgoing flow guide cone (31), and the incoming flow guide cone (30) and the outgoing flow guide cone (31) are respectively used for guiding the laser cooling liquid (10) into and out of the gain module.
The two-stage separation homogenizing grid with homogenizing effect on the flow field comprises a vertical homogenizing grid (4) and a homodromous homogenizing grid (5) which are stacked in parallel; the vertical homogenization grating (4) is characterized in that the directions of grating bars (21) and grating holes (22) are vertical to the placement direction of the bonded composite crystals (6), and the homodromous homogenization grating (5) is characterized in that the directions of grating bars (23) and grating holes (24) are parallel to the placement direction of the bonded composite crystals (6).
In the embodiment, the homogenization gratings separated in two stages are stacked in parallel, so that the directions of grating holes of the homogenization gratings in two stages are perpendicular to each other. For example, if the flow direction is x, the two-stage grating can suppress the flow velocity in the y and z directions, and ensure that the liquid flows along the x direction.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the structure of the vertical homogenization grid (4) is characterized in that the vertical homogenization grid (4) internally comprises tens of grid holes (22) separated by grid bars (21) with the thickness of not more than 0.3mm, and the direction of the grid holes is vertical to the laying direction of the bonding composite crystals (6).
As shown in FIG. 3, the structure of the homotropic homogenization grid (5) is similar to that of the vertical homogenization grid (4), except that the grid holes (24) of the homotropic homogenization grid (5) are parallel to the arrangement direction of the bonded composite crystals (6).
The thickness of both types of homogenization grids in fig. 2 and 3, i.e. in the direction of liquid flow, is generally not less than 5 mm. In addition, in order to obtain a good homogenization effect in the present embodiment, the vertical homogenization grid (4) is generally placed as close to the crystal as possible.
After passing through the two-stage separation homogenization grating, the speed of the liquid in the direction vertical to the flowing direction is reduced by one order of magnitude, which means that the speed uniformity of the liquid in the flowing direction is greatly improved.
The bonded composite crystal (6) is used as a gain medium to obtain high laser gain.
In the gain module, the bonded composite crystal (6) has a structure shown in fig. 4 and consists of low-thermal-conductivity glass (17), a turbulent dissipation section crystal (18), a gain crystal (19) and a flow field recovery section crystal (20), wherein the turbulent dissipation section crystal (18), the gain crystal (19) and the flow field recovery section crystal (20) are sequentially connected in a bonding mode, and the three sections of crystals are integrally processed; the low thermal conductivity glass (17) is connected with each crystal in the symmetrical plane through cementing. Wherein the turbulent dissipation section crystal (18) and the flow field recovery section crystal (20) are used as a homogenizing flow field, and the dissipation section crystal (18) and the recovery section crystal (20) are characterized in that the matrix is the same as the gain crystal (19) and the doped ions are different or are not doped with the ions; the low thermal conductivity glass (17) functions to suppress edge effect thermally induced aberrations, and is characterized in that the thermal conductivity of the low thermal conductivity glass (17) is generally 1/10 or less of that of the gain crystal (19).
The bonded crystal structure can realize further homogenization of a flow field and edge effect inhibition, and the bonded composite crystal (6) is processed in an integrated manner, so that further dissipation of turbulence can be ensured, and turbulence introduced by a reverse step caused by a traditional bonding process can be avoided; the low thermal conductivity glass (17) in the bonded crystal serves to lock the heat generation in the gain crystal (19) in the spanwise direction (i.e., the direction between the two sheets of glass, perpendicular to the direction of liquid flow) within the crystal, preventing large edge effects from occurring due to large temperature gradients at the gain edge. As shown in fig. 5, (a) and (b) in fig. 5 are the result of thermal aberration without the low thermal conductivity glass (17) (PV =5.5 μm) and the result of thermal aberration with the low thermal conductivity glass (17) (PV =1.7 μm), respectively. By contrast, bonded composite crystals (6) using low thermal conductivity glass (17) can be seen to reduce thermally induced distortion by about 2/3.
In order to achieve better effect of low heat distortion aberration, the first gain module and the second gain module are connected in series in opposite flow directions.
In a preferred embodiment, in the first gain module and the second gain module, the flow field direction of one module is from top to bottom, and the flow field direction of the other module is from bottom to top; the two gain modules are fixedly connected in series by adopting mechanical connection modes such as a connecting screw (9) and the like, and laser cooling liquid in the two gain modules flows through a connecting pipeline (8) to realize reverse series connection of flow fields, namely the flow field direction of one module is from top to bottom, and the flow field of the other module is from bottom to top.
The invention does not specifically limit the fixed connection mode between the two gain modules.
After the two gain modules are connected in series in the reverse direction, in the direction of a light path, a first pumping source (110) and a second pumping source (111) respectively emit first pumping light (120) and second pumping light (121), and then are respectively guided into the two gain modules through a first dichroic mirror (130) and a second dichroic mirror (131), and the gain modules are pumped by adopting an end face pumping mode. The total reflection mirror (14) and the output mirror (15) are respectively positioned at two ends of the gain module and form a laser resonant cavity, and the output of the output laser (26) is realized through the laser output mirror (15) after the oscillation laser (16) in the cavity is amplified for multiple times and reaches a threshold value.
Meanwhile, laser cooling liquid (10) enters the gain module through the flow guide cone (3) to be homogenized, circulated and cooled and then is output.
Specifically, laser cooling liquid (10) flows into a device outer frame (1) of a first gain module through an incoming flow guide cone (30) of the first gain module, a large amount of laser cooling liquid (10) flows into a device inner frame (2) after being homogenized through a vertical homogenization grid (4) and a homodromous homogenization grid (5) which are stacked, and then further enters a micro-channel between crystals which is formed by separation of micro-channel separation strips (7).
In the micro flow channel between crystals, turbulent flow flowing through the crystal (18) area of the dissipation section firstly dissipates further, ensures the speed uniformity of the laser cooling liquid (10) reaching the gain crystal (19) in the spanwise direction, and then the laser cooling liquid (10) flows out of the inner frame (2) of the device after passing through the crystal (20) of the recovery section. In addition, a small amount of laser cooling liquid (10) flows out through a gap between the device inner frame (2) and the device outer frame (1) of the first gain module, and the laser cooling liquid has the function of cooling the laser light transmission window (25). All the laser cooling liquid (10) is converged at the flow-removing guide cone (31) of the first gain module and then flows out, then the laser cooling liquid is led into the second gain module through the flow-removing guide cone (30) of the second gain module, is output after being homogenized, circulated and cooled in the second gain module in the same way, and finally flows out of the device after being converged through the flow-removing guide cone (31) of the second gain module.
In addition, a cooling circulation device can be connected between the flow removal guide cone (31) of the first gain module and the flow coming guide cone (30) of the second gain module, so that the laser cooling liquid (10) can be cooled.
The two gain modules with opposite flow field directions are connected in series to compensate the oblique aberration along the flow field directions, so that the oblique aberration caused by the fact that the temperature of one end is higher than that of the other end due to continuous heat absorption when laser cooling liquid flows through the crystal is avoided. The modules with opposite flowing directions are connected in series, so that the high-temperature end of one module and the low-temperature area of the other module are in a common circuit, and the self-compensation of the oblique aberration is realized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Claims (9)
1. A high power direct liquid cooled laser device with low thermally induced distortion, said device comprising: the laser gain control system comprises a first pumping source, a second pumping source, a first gain module, a second gain module and a laser resonant cavity, wherein the first gain module and the second gain module are reversely connected in series based on a flow field;
the first/second gain module comprises an outer device frame (1), an inner device frame (2), a flow guide cone (3), a two-stage separation homogenization grid with homogenization effect on a flow field, a bonded composite crystal (6) and a micro-channel separation strip (7);
the guide cone (3) is used for guiding the laser cooling liquid (10) into and out of the gain module;
the bonding composite crystal (6) is used as a gain medium to obtain high laser gain, the bonding composite crystal (6) is composed of low-thermal-conductivity glass (17), a turbulent flow dissipation section crystal (18), a gain crystal (19) and a flow field recovery section crystal (20), the turbulent flow dissipation section crystal (18), the gain crystal (19) and the flow field recovery section crystal (20) are connected in sequence in a bonding mode, and three sections of crystals are integrally processed; the low-thermal-conductivity glass (17) is connected with each section of crystal in a symmetrical plane through gluing.
2. The high-power direct liquid-cooled laser device with low thermally induced distortion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the guiding cone (3) specifically comprises an incoming guiding cone (30) and an outgoing guiding cone (31), and the incoming guiding cone (30) and the outgoing guiding cone (31) are respectively used for guiding the laser cooling liquid (10) into and out of the first/second gain modules.
3. The high power direct liquid-cooled laser device with low thermally induced distortion of claim 2, wherein the two-stage separation homogenization grating comprises a vertical homogenization grating (4) and a homotropic homogenization grating (5) stacked in parallel; the vertical homogenization grid (4) has the direction of grid bars (21) and grid holes (22) vertical to the placement direction of the bonded composite crystals (6), and the homodromous homogenization grid (5) has the direction of grid bars (23) and grid holes (24) parallel to the placement direction of the bonded composite crystals (6).
4. The high power direct liquid cooled laser device with low thermally induced distortion as claimed in claim 3, wherein the two-stage separated homogenization grid comprises grid holes (22) separated by grid bars (21) with a thickness not greater than 0.3mm, and the thickness of the homogenization grid is not less than 5 mm.
5. The high power direct liquid cooled laser device with low thermally induced distortion of claim 4, wherein said vertical homogenization grating (4) is placed as close as possible to the bonded composite crystal (6).
6. A low thermally induced distortion high power direct liquid cooled laser device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the low thermal conductivity glass (17) is used to lock heat generation in the gain crystal (19) in the spanwise direction within the crystal;
the spanwise direction is the direction between the two glass sheets, perpendicular to the liquid flow direction.
7. The high power direct liquid-cooled laser device with low thermally induced distortion of claim 1, wherein the first gain module and the second gain module are connected in series in opposite flow directions, such that the flow field direction in the first gain module is opposite to the flow field direction in the second gain module.
8. The high-power direct liquid-cooled laser device with low thermally induced distortion as claimed in claim 7, wherein the laser cooling liquid (10) in the two gain modules is circulated through the connecting pipe (8) to realize reverse series connection of the flow fields.
9. The high-power direct liquid-cooled laser device with low thermally induced distortion according to claim 1, wherein after the two gain modules are connected in series in an inverted manner, in the optical path direction, the first pump source (110) and the second pump source (111) respectively emit the first pump light (120) and the second pump light (121), and then are respectively guided into the two gain modules through the first dichroic mirror (130) and the second dichroic mirror (131), and the gain modules are pumped by means of end-pumping; the total reflection mirror (14) and the output mirror (15) are respectively positioned at two ends of the gain module and form a laser resonant cavity, and the output of the output laser (26) is realized through the laser output mirror (15) after the oscillation laser (16) in the cavity is amplified for multiple times and reaches a threshold value; meanwhile, laser cooling liquid (10) enters the gain module through the flow guide cone (3) to be homogenized, circulated and cooled and then is output.
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