CN114823254B - Ultra-wideband ultra-surface output window for rotary traveling wave tube - Google Patents

Ultra-wideband ultra-surface output window for rotary traveling wave tube Download PDF

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CN114823254B
CN114823254B CN202210430126.7A CN202210430126A CN114823254B CN 114823254 B CN114823254 B CN 114823254B CN 202210430126 A CN202210430126 A CN 202210430126A CN 114823254 B CN114823254 B CN 114823254B
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ultra
dielectric
output window
window
disc
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CN114823254A (en
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王丽
孙静雅
周康
乃桂森
罗勇
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The invention is thatThe ultra-wideband ultra-surface output window for a rotary traveling wave tube is disclosed, and belongs to the field of millimeter wave and terahertz devices. The invention uses TE for the first time 32 The structure comprises a central medium disc and element surface matching layers loaded on two sides of the central medium disc. The invention optimizes the equivalent dielectric constant of the matching layer by adjusting the thickness of the matching layer and the size of the cylindrical lattice to obtain the ideal matching dielectric constant similar to a three-layer window, thereby realizing matching and expanding the working bandwidth of the output window.

Description

Ultra-wideband ultra-surface output window for rotary traveling wave tube
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of millimeter wave and terahertz devices, relates to an output device for a rotary traveling wave tube, in particular to a design of a metamaterial circular waveguide output window capable of obtaining ideal dielectric constant by changing the size of a cylindrical lattice, and can be applied to 220GHZ and TE 32 The method lays a foundation for the working mode of the rotary traveling wave tube and the terahertz frequency band rotary traveling wave tube output system.
Background
Compared with a common traveling wave tube, the rotary traveling wave tube has the characteristic of high power; compared with the common klystron, the high-power broadband klystron has the characteristics of high power and broadband. Studies have shown that their operating bandwidth and stability are often limited by the performance of the output window, which is used to maintain ultra-high vacuum conditions and provide an efficient path for outputting high power millimeter waves. If the bandwidth is insufficient, excessive reflection of the output window can cause oscillations in the operating mode and in spurious modes, resulting in unstable operation of the system, and therefore, an output window with low reflection over a wide frequency range is required. At the same time, adequate mechanical strength, low transmission loss and high thermal conductivity are also important to provide higher power dissipation capability for the output window.
There are several different types of output windows, such as single layer windows, multi-layer windows, box windows and super-surface windows, with their respective applications in different scenarios. The single-layer output window has narrow bandwidth, good transmission performance and easy processing, and is suitable for the working bandwidthThe method is applied to devices such as relatively narrow gyrotrons; the multi-layer output window can realize wider bandwidth, but the ideal equivalent dielectric constant of the matching layer is difficult to find in the natural world, so that the bandwidth broadening is limited, for example, the three-layer output window consists of discs matched on the middle and the two sides, and the material of the middle medium disc is beryllium oxide (epsilon) r =6.5), the ideal dielectric constant of the matching layer is epsilon if the widest operating bandwidth is to be obtained r =2.55, but no medium with such a dielectric constant exists in nature, quartz (epsilon) r =3.4) such that the equivalent dielectric constants do not match, the bandwidth is reduced; the power characteristics of the box-type output window are limited due to the small size of the high frequency structure, although the box-type output window has a relatively wide bandwidth. In the prior art, the Institution of Engineering and Technology discloses Millimere-wave design and verification of a meta-surface dielectric window made of polytetrafluoroethylene in Ka-and Q-band, in which the center frequency of the output window is 95GHZ, cube lattices are arranged on both sides of the window, and the internal reflection of the super-surface output window is lower than-20 dB in the range from 76GHZ to 109 GHZ.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ultra wideband TE against the above problems 32 And a mode output window. The equivalent dielectric constant matching is realized by adjusting the size of the cylindrical lattice of the matching layer loaded on the two sides of the central disc, so that the working bandwidth of the output window is obviously widened.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an ultra-wideband ultra-surface output window for a gyrotron traveling wave tube is used for 220GHZ and TE 32 A mode, comprising: the waveguide and the dielectric window sheet arranged in the waveguide are characterized in that the dielectric window sheet comprises a dielectric disc and a plurality of cylindrical lattices arranged on two sides of the dielectric disc in an array mode, the cylindrical lattices are the same as the dielectric disc in material, and the cylindrical lattices on two sides of the dielectric disc are symmetrical with the dielectric disc.
Furthermore, all cylindrical lattices have the same shape, the height is h, the radius is equal to r, the distance between adjacent lattices is g, and the thickness of the medium disc is t; high h=λ h /4+Nλ h 2, middleThe thickness of the medium disc takes the value of t=Nlambda t 2, wherein lambda h Is the waveguide wavelength lambda of the equivalent dielectric layer of the meta-surface t The waveguide wavelength of the intermediate dielectric disk, and N is an integer.
Further, the dielectric material is one of beryllium oxide, sapphire, diamond and boron nitride.
Further, the dielectric window sheet material is beryllium oxide, and the lattice equivalent dielectric constants of the two sides are
Figure BDA0003609878790000021
r＝0.13mm，g＝0.19mm，t＝0.22mm，h＝0.2mm。
According to the invention, by means of the method of loading the cylindrical lattices on both sides of the circular waveguide, the dielectric constant of the matching layer is changed along with the changes of the distance between lattices, the size of the lattices, the height of the lattices and the like, so that the ideal equivalent dielectric constant is obtained, the optimal matching of three layers of windows is similar to that of the realization, the bandwidth is obviously improved, and the performance of low reflection in an ultra-wideband is realized.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the 220GHZ rotary traveling wave tube output window provided by the invention obviously widens the bandwidth, and the reflection is below-20 dB, thereby laying a foundation for researching the terahertz field.
2. The 220GHZ rotary traveling wave tube output window can be processed by adopting a laser cutting technology or a computer numerical control engraving technology, and the matching layer and the middle medium disc are integrated, so that the problem that the window sheets are separated due to the welding problem of the multi-layer output window, the bandwidth is reduced, a ghost mode is possibly excited, and the gyro traveling wave tube is subjected to vacuum breakdown under the high pulse power state is avoided.
3. The 220GHZ rotary traveling wave tube output window provided by the invention can obtain ideal matching equivalent dielectric constant by adjusting the thickness of the intermediate medium disc, the size of the lattice of the matching layer, the interval between the lattices and the thickness of the lattice, and the method solves the problem that the bandwidth is narrowed because the material with the ideal equivalent dielectric constant of the matching layer cannot be found in the nature of the multilayer output window.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional single-, double-, and triple-layer output window in longitudinal cross section.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a 1/4 area of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the reflection coefficient results of the electromagnetic simulation software of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the transmission coefficient results of the electromagnetic simulation software of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to examples of designs and the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section of a single-layer, double-layer and three-layer output window, reference numeral 1 denotes a circular waveguide, reference numeral 2 denotes a dielectric window sheet, reference numeral 3 denotes a matching layer dielectric window sheet, and the thickness of the single-layer and double-layer window sheets is an integer multiple of half wavelength, and the bandwidth is narrow, so that the application of the single-layer and double-layer window sheet is limited. Three-layer windows are difficult to find matching materials with ideal equivalent dielectric constants in nature, and even if the bandwidth of the three-layer window is improved relative to that of a single-layer output window and a double-layer output window, the requirements can not be met.
The transverse cross section of the ultra-wideband output window of 220GHZ provided by the invention is shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen that the radius R of the output window is 16mm, the radius R of the cylindrical lattice is 0.13mm, the gap g between lattices is 0.19mm, the surfaces of the output windows are not uniform mediums for matching, but small lattices, and therefore, the purpose of changing the equivalent dielectric constant can be achieved, so that ideal matching is achieved, and the bandwidth is widened.
The longitudinal section of the ultra-wideband output window of 220GHZ provided by the invention is shown in fig. 3, and the relevant parameters of the output window of the invention can be obviously seen, the thickness t of the intermediate medium disc is 0.22mm, and the height h of the crystal lattice is 0.2mm.
FIG. 4 shows a reflection coefficient result graph of the invention simulated by electromagnetic simulation software, wherein the reflection coefficient S11< -20dB in 201-288.3 GHZ, the bandwidth reaches 87.3GHZ, and the ultra-wideband performance is realized; simulation shows that the internal reflection coefficient S11< -20dB of the super-surface window of the cubic lattice is within 198 GHZ-283 GHZ, the bandwidth is 85GHZ, and compared with the super-surface output window of the cylindrical lattice, the super-surface window of the cubic lattice has wider bandwidth.
FIG. 5 shows the reflection coefficient result graph of the electromagnetic simulation software simulation, wherein the transmission coefficient S21> -0 09dB in the range of 201 GHZ-283.3 GHZ has better transmission performance.
Through experiments, the center frequency is 50GHZ and TE 11 The circular waveguide radius of the cylindrical lattice super surface output window of the mode is 16mm, the radius of the cylinder is 0.25mm, the interval between the cylinders is 0.5mm, the height of the cylinder is 1mm, the thickness of the middle layer is 1mm, and the internal reflection coefficient S11 in 45 GHZ-55 GHZ is obtained<-20dB, transmission coefficient S21>-0.07dB with a bandwidth of 10GHZ;
center frequency of 50GHZ, TE 11 The mode cube lattice super surface output window, the radius of the circular waveguide is 16mm, the side length of the cube is 0.5mm, the interval between the cube lattices is 0.5mm, the height of the cube lattice is 1mm, the thickness of the intermediate layer is 1.05mm, and the internal reflection coefficient S11 between 46.26GHZ and 56GHZ is obtained<-20dB, transmission coefficient S21>-0.05dB, bandwidth about 10GHZ;
it is known through experiments that the cylindrical lattice has several times higher performance than the cubic lattice in the 220GHZ band, but the cylindrical lattice and the cubic lattice have quite or even weaker performance than the cubic lattice in other bands.

Claims (3)

1. An ultra-wideband ultra-surface output window for a gyrotron traveling wave tube is used for 220GHZ and TE 32 A mode, comprising: the waveguide and the dielectric window sheet arranged in the waveguide are characterized in that the dielectric window sheet comprises a dielectric disc and a plurality of cylindrical lattices arranged on two sides of the dielectric disc in an array manner, the cylindrical lattices are the same as the dielectric disc in material, and the cylindrical lattices on two sides of the dielectric disc are symmetrical with the dielectric disc; all cylindrical lattices have the same shape, the height is h, the radius is equal to r, the distance between adjacent lattices is g, and the thickness of a medium disc is t; high h=λ h /4+Nλ h The thickness of the intermediate medium disc takes the value of t=Nlambda t 2, wherein lambda h Is the waveguide wavelength lambda of the equivalent dielectric layer of the meta-surface t The waveguide wavelength of the intermediate dielectric disk, and N is an integer.
2. The ultra-wideband ultra-surface output window for a gyrotron of claim 1, wherein the dielectric material is one of beryllium oxide, sapphire, diamond, and boron nitride.
3. The ultra-wideband ultra-surface output window for a gyrotron traveling wave tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein said dielectric window sheet material is beryllium oxide, and the lattice equivalent dielectric constant of both sides is ∈ r ＝2.55，r＝0.13mm，g＝0.19mm，t＝0.22mm，h＝0.2mm。
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