CN114818109A - Method for calculating air resistance coefficient and fuel economy of vehicles in formation driving - Google Patents
Method for calculating air resistance coefficient and fuel economy of vehicles in formation driving Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calculating air resistance coefficient and fuel economy under the condition that vehicles are formed into a formation, which comprises the steps of obtaining a vehicle formation running condition by taking a pre-built whole vehicle model of a certain vehicle, and carrying out CFD calculation according to the whole vehicle model and the vehicle formation running condition to obtain a single vehicle air resistance coefficient and a formation vehicle air resistance coefficient; acquiring the total weight of each formation vehicle, the orthographic projection area of each formation vehicle and the vehicle speed of each formation vehicle under the vehicle formation running condition; and calculating the oil saving amount of the fleet according to the air resistance coefficient of the single vehicle, the air resistance coefficient of the formation vehicles, the total weight of each formation vehicle, the orthographic projection area of each formation vehicle and the speed of the formation vehicles. The advantages are that: the advantages of CFD three-dimensional simulation and formula calculation are fully combined, the method is simple and convenient, and the accuracy of the calculated data is ensured; the calculation period is short, the labor and material cost is saved, and the method is safe and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for calculating an air resistance coefficient and fuel economy under the condition that vehicles form a formation and run, and belongs to the technical field of commercial vehicle design.
Background
With the serious consumption of energy and the continuous deterioration of environment, the road transportation industry faces severe examination, and the energy-saving and emission-reducing technology of the commercial vehicle is concerned and valued by scientific research institutes, logistics transportation industry, commercial vehicle manufacturers, government traffic management, environmental protection and other departments of various countries.
The emergence of the formation driving technology provides a new way for energy conservation and emission reduction of the commercial vehicle. The formation driving technology is that under the vehicle-road cooperative environment, real-time communication interaction among people, vehicles and roads is realized through various vehicle networking technologies, vehicle speed and vehicle distance are effectively controlled on the premise of safe driving, and energy conservation and emission reduction are realized by improving aerodynamic characteristics of a fleet.
The fuel economy brought by formation driving is closely related to the quantity of the motorcades, the driving distance of the motorcades and other variables, and the current formation driving technology is not enough to support the concrete fuel-saving effect brought by the fact that various factors are fully verified by real vehicles. Therefore, the calculation of the fuel economy of vehicle formation running needs to be realized through virtual simulation means. At present, the fuel economy of formation driving is calculated and tested only in a few cases, and heavy trucks are involved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for calculating the air resistance coefficient and the fuel economy under the driving of vehicle formation, which can accurately calculate the fuel saved by the whole vehicle platoon and each vehicle of the vehicle platoon under different formation working conditions in a shorter period. And relevant data support is provided for the communication control strategy of the motorcade.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for calculating an air resistance coefficient when vehicles are driven in a formation, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a pre-built whole vehicle model of a certain vehicle;
and acquiring the vehicle formation running condition, and performing CFD calculation according to the whole vehicle model and the vehicle formation running condition to obtain the air resistance coefficient of the single vehicle and the air resistance coefficient of the formation vehicle.
Further, the vehicle is a heavy truck.
A method for calculating fuel economy while a vehicle is in formation, comprising:
acquiring the calculated air resistance coefficient of the single vehicle and the air resistance coefficient of the formation vehicles under the driving working condition of the formation vehicles;
acquiring the total weight of each formation vehicle under the vehicle formation running condition, the orthographic projection area of each formation vehicle and the vehicle speed of each formation vehicle;
and calculating the oil saving amount of the fleet according to the air resistance coefficient of the single vehicle, the air resistance coefficient of the formation vehicles, the total weight of each formation vehicle, the orthographic projection area of each formation vehicle and the speed of the formation vehicles.
Further, the calculating the fuel saving amount of the fleet according to the air resistance coefficient of the fleet vehicles, the weight of each fleet vehicle, the orthographic projection area of each fleet vehicle and the speed of the fleet vehicle comprises:
the fuel saving rate of the ith vehicle in the formation state is calculated by using the formula (1),
wherein ^ Q i For the i-th vehicle in formation, the fuel saving rate Q f Fuel consumption in the single-vehicle state, Q i The fuel consumption of the ith vehicle in the formation driving state;
Q f calculated by equation (2):
wherein p is an influencing factor; f is traction force; f r Is rolling resistance; f d Is the aerodynamic resistance; g is the total weight of the vehicle; f is a rolling resistance coefficient; v is vehicle speed; a is the vehicle orthographic projection area; c d Is the air resistance coefficient of the bicycle; ρ is the air density;
Q i calculated by equation (3):
the fuel saving rate of the ith vehicle in the formation state is obtained by combining the formulas (1), (2) and (3),
calculating the oil saving rate (Q) of the whole motorcade by using the formula (5) Vehicle fleet ，
Further, the rolling resistance coefficient is obtained by classification calculation according to the maximum design total mass and the tire type, and includes:
the maximum designed total mass of the vehicle is less than 14000kg, the vehicle tire is a bias tire or a radial tire, and f is 0.0076+0.000056 v;
the maximum designed total mass of the vehicle is more than or equal to 14000kg, the vehicle tire is an oblique tire, and f is 0.0066+0.0000286 v;
the maximum designed total mass of the vehicle is more than or equal to 14000kg, the vehicle tire is a radial tire, and f is 0.0041+0.0000256 v.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: and calculating the annual fuel oil saving amount and fuel oil cost of the motorcade according to the fuel oil saving amount of the motorcade.
A system for calculating fuel economy for a fleet of vehicles, comprising:
the first calculation module is used for acquiring a pre-built finished vehicle model of a certain vehicle, acquiring a formation driving condition of the vehicle, and performing CFD calculation according to the finished vehicle model and the formation driving condition of the vehicle to obtain a single vehicle air resistance coefficient and a formation vehicle air resistance coefficient.
The obtaining module is used for obtaining the total weight of each formation vehicle, the orthographic projection area of each formation vehicle and the vehicle speed of each formation vehicle under the vehicle formation running condition;
and the second calculation module is used for calculating the oil saving amount of the fleet according to the air resistance coefficient of the single vehicle, the air resistance coefficient of the formation vehicles, the total weight of each formation vehicle, the orthographic projection area of each formation vehicle and the speed of the formation vehicles.
Further, the second computing module is used for
The fuel saving rate of the ith vehicle in the formation state is calculated by using the formula (1),
wherein, Q i For the i-th vehicle in formation, the fuel saving rate Q f Fuel consumption in the single-vehicle state, Q i The fuel consumption of the ith vehicle in the formation driving state;
Q f calculated by equation (2):
wherein p is an influencing factor; f is traction force; f r Is rolling resistance; f d Is the aerodynamic resistance; g is the total weight of the vehicle; f is a rolling resistance coefficient; v is vehicle speed; a is the vehicle orthographic projection area; c d Is the air resistance coefficient of the bicycle; ρ is the air density;
Q i calculated by equation (3):
the fuel saving rate of the ith vehicle in the formation state is obtained by combining the formulas (1), (2) and (3),
calculating the oil saving rate (Q) of the whole motorcade by using the formula (5) Vehicle fleet ，
Further, the second calculation module is configured to calculate the rolling resistance coefficient according to the maximum design total mass and the tire type classification, and includes:
the maximum designed total mass of the vehicle is less than 14000kg, the vehicle tire is a bias tire or a radial tire, and f is 0.0076+0.000056 v;
the maximum designed total mass of the vehicle is more than or equal to 14000kg, the vehicle tire is an oblique tire, and f is 0.0066+0.0000286 v;
the maximum designed total mass of the vehicle is more than or equal to 14000kg, the vehicle tire is a radial tire, and f is 0.0041+0.0000256 v.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: a third calculation module for calculating the time-of-flight,
the method is used for calculating the annual fuel saving amount and fuel cost of the motorcade according to the fuel saving amount of the motorcade.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
(1) the advantages of CFD three-dimensional simulation and formula calculation are fully combined, the method is simple and convenient, and the accuracy of the calculated data is ensured; (2) the method can be carried out in a design stage or even a concept stage, and provides data support for a subsequent heavy truck formation driving technology supported by unmanned driving, a following distance control strategy and the like; (3) the calculation period is short, the labor and material cost is saved, and the method is safe and reliable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a fuel economy calculation method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a full vehicle model of CFD simulation analysis;
FIG. 3 is a model of a wind tunnel experiment for a single vehicle;
FIGS. 4-1 and 4-2 are wind resistance coefficient calculation results under two fleet vehicles and three fleet vehicles, respectively;
FIGS. 5-1 and 5-2 show the average fuel saving rates of a single vehicle and a three-vehicle fleet under working conditions of the two-vehicle fleet and the three-vehicle fleet, respectively.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in FIG. 1, a method for calculating fuel economy of vehicles in formation
A. And constructing a certain heavy tractor whole vehicle model, wherein the whole vehicle model is an existing whole vehicle model, is directly obtained by a generator, and is subjected to simplification processing, pipeline lines, internal small parts, frame lightening holes and the like can be simplified as required, and the simplified model is as shown in fig. 2.
B. Performing CFD calculation on the whole vehicle model by using commercial software starccm +, and calculating the coefficient of air resistance to be C dcal (ii) a The test result of the bicycle wind tunnel experiment is C dexp (ii) a Through comparative analysis: c dcal ＝0.984C dexp Therefore, the simulation calculation error of the single-vehicle wind resistance coefficient is only 1.6%, the calculation precision of the wind resistance coefficient is within 5%, the accuracy of the calculation result is high, and the wind tunnel experiment model is shown in figure 3.
C. Two simulation working conditions of a two-vehicle fleet and a three-vehicle fleet are formulated, and the distance between each working condition and the vehicle is divided into 3m, 5m, 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m and 45 m.
D. And C, adjusting the simulation analysis model, performing simulation analysis to calculate various working conditions formulated in the step C, and recording corresponding wind resistance coefficients, as shown in the figure 4-1 and the figure 4-2.
E. 1) designing a total weight of 49 tons according to a vehicle speed of 90km/h, wherein the tire is a radial tire, and the rolling resistance coefficient is calculated according to a table I:
f＝0.0041+0.0000256v＝0.006404
watch 1
2) Calculating the fuel saving amount of the motorcade and the single vehicle:
the fuel saving rate of the ith vehicle in the formation state can be calculated by the formula 1:
wherein Q is f Fuel consumption in the single-vehicle state, Q i The fuel consumption of the ith vehicle in the formation driving state is obtained.
And, Q f Can be calculated by equation 2:
wherein p is an influence factor and is influenced by relevant characteristics of the engine; f is traction force; f r Is rolling resistance; f d Is the aerodynamic resistance; g is the total weight; f is a rolling resistance coefficient; v is vehicle speed; a is the vehicle orthographic projection area; c d Is the air resistance coefficient of the bicycle; ρ is the air density.
Q i Calculated by equation (3):
combining the formula (1), the formula (2) and the formula (3) can obtain:
wherein, C id The coefficient is the wind resistance coefficient of the ith vehicle in the formation state.
The oil saving rate of the whole motorcade is as follows:
and (4) respectively calculating the oil saving rate of each vehicle under the driving state of the two-vehicle formation and the oil saving rate of each vehicle under the driving state of the three-vehicle formation according to a formula (4). And (4) calculating the average fuel saving rate of the fleet according to the formula (5). The calculation results are shown in fig. 5-1 and 5-2. At this point, under each state, the fuel saving rates of the single vehicle and the fleet are all calculated, and further, in order to visualize the economic benefits brought, the fuel consumption of the single vehicle and the fleet is 32L according to the one hundred kilometers, the vehicle runs for 20 ten thousand kilometers per year, and the fuel saving rates of the single vehicle and the fleet are calculated according to a formula:
can calculate under certain car interval with the car, the equal car fuel economizing amount of motorcade, if: under the state that three-vehicle formation runs and the distance between two vehicles is 20m, the oil saving amount of each vehicle of the fleet is about 7.94 percent, the oil saving amount of each annual vehicle is about 5081.6L, and the oil cost is saved by 30489.6 yuan when the diesel oil is calculated according to 6 yuan/liter according to the graph shown in figure 5-2. The annual oil saving amount and the oil saving cost of a single vehicle are respectively multiplied by 3 to obtain the annual oil saving amount and the oil saving cost of a motorcade under the driving state of the three-vehicle formation. The calculation of two-formation driving or multi-formation driving is the same as the method.
The invention 1 can simulate the formation driving state of any number of vehicles and any distance, which cannot be realized in real vehicle test at present or even in a long time in the future. 2. The calculation period is short, only conventional CFD processing calculation is needed, real vehicle test needs a plurality of programs such as sample vehicle trial production, sample vehicle refitting, test resource scheduling and data processing, the period is far longer than that of the calculation method, and certain danger exists, and CFD is an abbreviation of Computational Fluid dynamics, namely Computational Fluid dynamics. And simulating and calculating the flow field through numerical calculation to obtain physical quantities such as speed, temperature, pressure and the like of each point in the flow field.
And the calculation result is high in accuracy by matching the calculation model calibrated by the wind tunnel experiment with a correlation formula. In the process of testing the state of the real vehicle, factors such as testing environment, vehicle fleet state, engine component state, intelligent connection system, testing equipment precision, testing road condition and the like all affect the testing precision, and most factors cannot be manually controlled or improved. Therefore, the reliability of the test result is lower than that of the calculation method.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a system for calculating the fuel economy of vehicles in formation, which comprises:
the first calculation module is used for acquiring a pre-built finished vehicle model of a certain vehicle, acquiring a formation driving condition of the vehicle, and performing CFD calculation according to the finished vehicle model and the formation driving condition of the vehicle to obtain a single vehicle air resistance coefficient and a formation vehicle air resistance coefficient.
The obtaining module is used for obtaining the total weight of each formation vehicle, the orthographic projection area of each formation vehicle and the vehicle speed of each formation vehicle under the vehicle formation running condition;
and the second calculation module is used for calculating the oil saving amount of the fleet according to the air resistance coefficient of the single vehicle, the air resistance coefficient of the formation vehicles, the total weight of each formation vehicle, the orthographic projection area of each formation vehicle and the speed of the formation vehicles.
Further, the second computing module is used for
The fuel saving rate of the ith vehicle in the formation state is calculated by using the formula (1),
wherein ^ Q i For the i-th vehicle in formation, the fuel saving rate Q f Fuel consumption in the single-vehicle state, Q i The fuel consumption of the ith vehicle in the formation driving state;
Q f calculated by equation (2):
wherein p is an influencing factor; f is traction force; f r Is rolling resistance; f d Is the aerodynamic resistance; g is the total weight of the vehicle; f is a rolling resistance coefficient; v is vehicle speed; a is the vehicle orthographic projection area; c d For air resistance system of bicycleCounting; ρ is the air density;
Q i calculated by equation (3):
the fuel saving rate of the ith vehicle in the formation state is obtained by combining the formulas (1), (2) and (3),
calculating the oil saving rate (Q) of the whole motorcade by using the formula (5) Vehicle fleet ，
Further, the second calculating module is configured to calculate the rolling resistance coefficient according to the maximum design total mass and the tire type classification, and includes:
the maximum designed total mass of the vehicle is less than 14000kg, the vehicle tire is a bias tire or a radial tire, and f is 0.0076+0.000056 v;
the maximum designed total mass of the vehicle is more than or equal to 14000kg, the vehicle tire is an oblique tire, and f is 0.0066+0.0000286 v;
the maximum designed total mass of the vehicle is more than or equal to 14000kg, the vehicle tire is a radial tire, and f is 0.0041+0.0000256 v.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: a third computing module for computing the third time period,
the method is used for calculating the annual fuel saving amount and fuel cost of the motorcade according to the fuel saving amount of the motorcade.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for calculating an air resistance coefficient when a vehicle is driven in a formation, comprising:
acquiring a pre-built whole vehicle model of a certain vehicle;
and acquiring the vehicle formation running condition, and performing CFD calculation according to the whole vehicle model and the vehicle formation running condition to obtain the air resistance coefficient of the single vehicle and the air resistance coefficient of the formation vehicle.
2. The method of calculating the coefficient of air resistance for a formation of vehicles in transit of claim 1, wherein the vehicle is a heavy truck.
3. A method for calculating fuel economy while vehicles are in formation, comprising:
acquiring the air resistance coefficient of a single vehicle calculated by any one of claims 1-2 and the air resistance coefficient of a formation vehicle under the driving condition of the formation vehicle;
acquiring the total weight of each formation vehicle, the orthographic projection area of each formation vehicle and the vehicle speed of each formation vehicle under the vehicle formation running condition;
and calculating the oil saving amount of the fleet according to the air resistance coefficient of the single vehicle, the air resistance coefficient of the formation vehicles, the total weight of each formation vehicle, the orthographic projection area of each formation vehicle and the speed of the formation vehicles.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein calculating a fleet fuel economy based on the fleet vehicle air resistance coefficient, the weight of each fleet vehicle, the forward projected area of each fleet vehicle, and the speed of the fleet vehicle comprises:
the fuel saving rate of the ith vehicle in the formation state is calculated by using the formula (1),
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the i-th vehicle in formation, the fuel saving rate Q f Fuel consumption in the single-vehicle state, Q i The fuel consumption of the ith vehicle in the formation driving state;
Q f calculated by equation (2):
wherein p is an influencing factor; f is traction force; f r Is rolling resistance; f d Is the aerodynamic resistance; g is the total weight of the vehicle; f is a rolling resistance coefficient; v is vehicle speed; a is the vehicle orthographic projection area; c d Is the air resistance coefficient of the bicycle; ρ is the air density;
Q i calculated by equation (3):
the fuel saving rate of the ith vehicle in the formation state is obtained by combining the formulas (1), (2) and (3),
the fuel saving rate of the whole motorcade is calculated by using the formula (5)
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the rolling resistance coefficient is calculated according to the maximum design total mass and the tire type classification, and the method comprises:
the maximum designed total mass of the vehicle is less than 14000kg, the vehicle tire is a bias tire or a radial tire, and f is 0.0076+0.000056 v;
the maximum designed total mass of the vehicle is more than or equal to 14000kg, the vehicle tire is an oblique tire, and f is 0.0066+0.0000286 v;
the maximum designed total mass of the vehicle is more than or equal to 14000kg, the vehicle tire is a radial tire, and f is 0.0041+0.0000256 v.
6. The method of calculating fuel economy when vehicles are in formation for driving of claim 3, further comprising: and calculating the annual fuel oil saving amount and fuel oil cost of the motorcade according to the fuel oil saving amount of the motorcade.
7. A system for calculating fuel economy for a fleet of vehicles, comprising:
the first calculation module is used for acquiring a pre-built finished vehicle model of a certain vehicle, acquiring a formation driving condition of the vehicle, and performing CFD calculation according to the finished vehicle model and the formation driving condition of the vehicle to obtain a single vehicle air resistance coefficient and a formation vehicle air resistance coefficient.
The acquisition module is used for acquiring the total weight of each formation vehicle, the orthographic projection area of each formation vehicle and the vehicle speed of each formation vehicle under the vehicle formation running working condition;
and the second calculation module is used for calculating the oil saving amount of the fleet according to the air resistance coefficient of the single vehicle, the air resistance coefficient of the formation vehicles, the total weight of each formation vehicle, the orthographic projection area of each formation vehicle and the speed of the formation vehicles.
8. The system for calculating fuel economy when vehicles are driven in formation according to claim 7, wherein the second calculation module is used for calculating the fuel economy when vehicles are driven in formation
The fuel saving rate of the ith vehicle in the formation state is calculated by using the formula (1),
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the i-th vehicle in formation, the fuel saving rate Q f Fuel consumption in the single-vehicle state, Q i The fuel consumption of the ith vehicle in the formation driving state;
Q f calculated by equation (2):
wherein p is an influencing factor; f is traction force; f r Is rolling resistance; f d Is the aerodynamic resistance; g is the total weight of the vehicle; f is a rolling resistance coefficient; v is vehicle speed; a is the vehicle orthographic projection area; c d Is the air resistance coefficient of the bicycle; ρ is the air density;
Q i calculated by equation (3):
the fuel saving rate of the ith vehicle in the formation state is obtained by combining the formulas (1), (2) and (3),
the fuel saving rate of the whole motorcade is calculated by using the formula (5)
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the second calculation module is configured to calculate the rolling resistance coefficient according to a maximum design total mass and a tire type classification, and comprises:
the maximum designed total mass of the vehicle is less than 14000kg, the vehicle tire is a bias tire or a radial tire, and f is 0.0076+0.000056 v;
the maximum designed total mass of the vehicle is more than or equal to 14000kg, the vehicle tire is an oblique tire, and f is 0.0066+0.0000286 v;
the maximum designed total mass of the vehicle is more than or equal to 14000kg, the vehicle tire is a radial tire, and f is 0.0041+0.0000256 v.
10. The system for calculating fuel economy when vehicles are in formation for travel of claim 7, further comprising: a third calculation module for calculating the time-of-flight,
the method is used for calculating the annual fuel saving amount and fuel cost of the motorcade according to the fuel saving amount of the motorcade.
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| CN116820080A (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-09-29 | 北京交通大学 | Method and system for scheduling formation operation of highway automatic driving truck |
| CN116820080B (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2024-04-30 | 北京交通大学 | Method and system for scheduling formation operation of highway automatic driving truck |
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