CN114816101A

CN114816101A - Touch sensor and touch display module

Info

Publication number: CN114816101A
Application number: CN202110134915.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林家瑞; 赵韦权; 刘少傑; 许思强
Original assignee: TPK Advanced Solutions Inc
Current assignee: TPK Advanced Solutions Inc
Priority date: 2021-01-29
Filing date: 2021-01-29
Publication date: 2022-07-29
Also published as: JP7247262B2; KR20220110026A; JP2022117385A; KR102584055B1

Abstract

A touch sensor and a touch display module are provided, the touch sensor is provided with a visible area and a peripheral area arranged on at least one side of the visible area, and comprises a substrate and a first touch electrode layer. The substrate is provided with a hole site area correspondingly positioned in the visual area, and the hole site area is provided with a first edge. The first touch electrode layer is arranged on the substrate and is correspondingly positioned in the visible area. The first touch electrode layer comprises a first electrode wire extending along a first direction, the first electrode wire is provided with a first part close to the hole site area and a second part far away from the hole site area in the first direction, the first part of the first electrode wire is connected with the second part of the first electrode wire, and the first part of the first electrode wire is arranged on a first edge in an adjacent mode along the outline of the hole site area. Therefore, when the touch sensor is integrated into the touch display module with the optical function, the requirement of narrow frame design of the touch display module can be met, and the touch function can be well maintained.

Description

Touch sensor and touch display module

Technical Field

The disclosure relates to a touch sensor and a touch display module including the same.

Background

With the rapid development of technology, various electronic devices (e.g., mobile phones, tablet computers, etc.) have integrated touch display functions. The display surface of the electronic device comprises a visible area and a peripheral area, wherein the peripheral area is usually arranged around the visible area, and the range of the peripheral area is defined by arranging the shielding layer so as to shield some peripheral leads and elements in the electronic device, which are correspondingly positioned in the peripheral area.

For example, the peripheral leads of the touch panel of the electronic device are correspondingly disposed on the peripheral area, so as to prevent the visual effect from being affected. In addition, the electronic device is usually provided with optical elements, such as a front lens, a photo sensor, etc., which are also disposed in the peripheral area and occupy more area of the peripheral area. Therefore, the size of the peripheral region cannot be reduced easily, and the design requirement of the narrow frame of the electronic device cannot be met. Further, since the optical element is disposed to cause a mechanical interference problem, the circuit layout of the touch panel is affected. Therefore, it is one of the current development directions to provide a touch panel that can maintain the touch sensing function while satisfying the narrow frame requirement of the electronic device.

Disclosure of Invention

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the touch sensor has a visible area and a peripheral area disposed on at least one side of the visible area, and includes a substrate and a first touch electrode layer. The substrate is provided with a hole site area correspondingly positioned in the visual area, and the hole site area is provided with a first edge. The first touch electrode layer is arranged on the substrate and is correspondingly positioned in the visible area. The first touch electrode layer comprises a first electrode wire extending along a first direction, and the first electrode wire is provided with a first part close to the hole site area and a second part far away from the hole site area in the first direction, wherein the first part of the first electrode wire is connected with the second part of the first electrode wire, and the first part of the first electrode wire is arranged at a first edge in an adjacent mode along the outline of the hole site area.

In some embodiments, the first touch electrode layer includes a matrix and metal nanostructures distributed in the matrix.

In some embodiments, the well site region further has a second edge, and the second edge of the portion and the first edge of the portion are on opposite sides of the well site region.

In some embodiments, the first touch electrode layer further includes a second electrode line extending along the first direction, the second electrode line is adjacent to and spaced apart from the first electrode line, and has a first portion close to the hole site region and a second portion far from the hole site region in the first direction, wherein the first portion of the second electrode line is connected to the second portion of the second electrode line, and the first portion of the second electrode line is adjacent to the second edge along the contour of the hole site region.

In some embodiments, a distance between the first portion of the first electrode line and the first portion of the second electrode line is greater than a distance between the second portion of the first electrode line and the second portion of the second electrode line.

In some embodiments, at least a portion of the first electrode line is separated from at least a portion of the first portion of the second electrode line by an aperture site.

In some embodiments, the second portion of the first electrode line is substantially parallel to the second portion of the second electrode line.

In some embodiments, the first portion of the first electrode line is located at a distance of between 100 microns and 400 microns from the first edge of the well site region, and the first portion of the second electrode line is located at a distance of between 100 microns and 400 microns from the second edge of the well site region.

In some embodiments, a junction of the first portion of the first electrode line and the second portion of the first electrode line has a rounded corner, and a junction of the first portion of the second electrode line and the second portion of the second electrode line has a rounded corner.

In some embodiments, the first electrode line includes a plurality of branch lines arranged at intervals, and the branch lines are connected in parallel.

In some embodiments, if the plurality of branch lines simultaneously encounter the interference of the hole site region in the first direction, the plurality of branch lines are combined into one to be adjacent to the first edge of the hole site region along the contour of the hole site region.

In some embodiments, the first electrode line of the first touch electrode layer further has a third portion, the second portion and the third portion of the first electrode line form two branch lines of the first electrode line, and the third portion is connected to the first portion of the first electrode line, so that the first portion of the first electrode line forms a part in which the plurality of branch lines are combined into one.

In some embodiments, the touch sensor further includes a second touch electrode layer, and the substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, wherein the first touch electrode layer and the second touch electrode layer are respectively disposed on the first surface and the second surface of the substrate; alternatively, the first touch electrode layer and the second touch electrode layer are both disposed on the first surface or the second surface of the substrate and electrically insulated from each other through the insulating layer.

In some embodiments, the second touch electrode layer includes a fifth electrode line extending along a second direction, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and the fifth electrode line has a first portion close to the hole site region and a second portion far from the hole site region in the second direction, where the first portion of the fifth electrode line is connected to the second portion of the fifth electrode line, and the first portion of the fifth electrode line is adjacent to an edge of the hole site region along a contour of the hole site region.

According to other embodiments of the present disclosure, a touch display module includes a display panel and the touch sensor, wherein the touch sensor is disposed on the display panel.

In some embodiments, the touch display module further includes a cover plate disposed on the touch sensor.

In some embodiments, the touch display module further includes a polarizing layer disposed between the display panel and the touch sensor or between the touch sensor and the cover plate.

In some embodiments, the display panel has a hole corresponding to the hole site region.

In some embodiments, the touch display module further includes an optical element received in the hole.

According to the above-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure, since the touch sensor of the present disclosure has the hole location area correspondingly located in the visible area, when the touch sensor is integrated into the touch display module having an optical function, the optical component (e.g., the lens) of the touch display module can be disposed corresponding to the hole location area. Therefore, the space for arranging the optical assembly in the peripheral area can be saved, and the requirement of narrow frame design of the touch display module is further met. In addition, because the optical components of the touch display module are correspondingly arranged in the visible area, the peripheral circuit of the touch sensor positioned in the peripheral area does not need to be arranged by avoiding the optical components, and the bending of the peripheral area can be further not limited by the optical components, so that the touch sensor can realize more diversified bending designs. On the other hand, through the layout of the touch electrodes in the touch electrode layer and the design of the electrode patterns, the touch electrode can still maintain the touch function well while bypassing the hole site area.

Drawings

The foregoing and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent from the following more particular description of the embodiments, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a touch sensor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2A is a partially enlarged schematic view of a region R1 of the touch sensor of FIG. 1 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 2B and 2C are schematic enlarged partial views illustrating a region R1 of the touch sensor of FIG. 1 according to further embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic top view illustrating a touch sensor according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view of a region R2 of the touch sensor of FIG. 3 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a touch display module according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; and

fig. 5B is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a touch display module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[ notation ] to show

100,100a touch sensor

110 base plate

120 first touch sensing layer

122 second touch-control induction layer

130 peripheral circuit layer

200,200a touch display module

210 display Panel

220 cover plate

230 polarizing layer

240 protective layer

VA visual zone

PA peripheral area

R1, R2 regions

L electrode wire

L1 first electrode wire

L2 second electrode line

L3 third electrode line

L4 fourth electrode line

L5 fifth electrode line

L6 sixth electrode line

L11, L21, L31, L51, L61 first part

L12, L22, L32, L52, L62 second part

L13, L23, L53 third part

H hole site area

W is width

S1 first edge

S2 second edge

S3 third edge

B, bending part

X1, X2 line length

A1-A4, A7-A9, distance

O1-O3 holes

D1 first direction

D2 second direction

Detailed Description

In the following description, numerous implementation details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. It should be understood, however, that these implementation details are not to be interpreted as limiting the disclosure. That is, in some embodiments of the disclosure, these implementation details are not necessary, and thus should not be used to limit the disclosure. In addition, for the sake of simplicity, some conventional structures and elements are shown in the drawings in a simple schematic manner. In addition, the dimensions of the various elements in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, for the convenience of the reader.

It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, a "first element," "component," "region," "layer" or "portion" described below could also be termed a second element, component, region, layer or portion without departing from the teachings herein.

It will be understood that relative terms, such as "lower" or "bottom" and "upper" or "top," may be used herein to describe one element's relationship to another element, as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in one of the figures is turned over, elements described as being on the "lower" side of other elements would then be oriented on "upper" sides of the other elements. Thus, the exemplary term "lower" can include both an orientation of "lower" and "upper," depending on the particular orientation of the figure. Similarly, if the device in one of the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements would then be oriented "above" the other elements. Thus, the exemplary terms "lower" or "beneath" may include both an orientation of above and below.

The present disclosure provides a touch sensor having a hole area corresponding to a visible area and a touch display module integrated with the touch sensor. When the touch sensor is integrated into the touch display module, the optical component of the touch display module can be disposed corresponding to the hole site area. Therefore, the space for arranging the optical assembly in the peripheral area can be saved, and the requirement of narrow frame design of the touch display module is met. In addition, through the layout of the touch electrodes in the touch electrode layer and the design of the electrode patterns, the touch electrode can still maintain the touch function well while bypassing the hole position area.

Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of a touch sensor 100 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The touch sensor 100 includes a substrate 110, a first touch electrode layer 120, and a peripheral circuit layer 130. The touch sensor 100 has a visible area VA and a peripheral area PA, and the peripheral area PA is disposed at a side of the visible area VA. For example, the peripheral area PA may be a frame-shaped area disposed around the visible area VA (covering right, left, upper and lower sides). For example, the peripheral area PA may also be an L-shaped area disposed on the left and lower sides of the visible area VA. In some embodiments, the substrate 110 is configured to carry the first touch electrode layer 120 and the peripheral circuit layer 130, and may be a rigid transparent substrate or a flexible transparent substrate, for example. Specifically, the material of the substrate 110 may include, for example, but not limited to, glass, acryl, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, cyclic olefin polymer, cyclic olefin copolymer, colorless polyimide, or the like, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the substrate 110 is provided with an aperture hole region H correspondingly located within the visible region VA. When the touch sensor 100 of the present disclosure is integrated into a device having an optical function (e.g., a display, a portable phone or a tablet computer), the optical components of the device can be mounted at the position corresponding to the hole position region H, i.e., no space for disposing the optical components is required to be reserved at the position of the device corresponding to the peripheral region PA, so as to meet the requirement of the narrow frame design of the device. The apparatus of the present disclosure may reduce the bezel size (e.g., the width of the peripheral region PA) by about 150% or more compared to a conventional apparatus in which the optical elements are correspondingly disposed in the peripheral region PA. In detail, when the touch sensor 100 of the present disclosure is integrated into a device having an optical function, the width of the peripheral area PA of the device may be designed to be about 1 to 3 mm. It should be understood that the hole site region H of the substrate 110 of the present disclosure may be a solid region disposed corresponding to the optical device, or may be a through hole disposed corresponding to the optical device. Specific details and features of the hole site region H will be described in more detail below.

In some embodiments, the first touch electrode layer 120 is disposed on the substrate 110 and is located in the visible area VA, and the peripheral circuit layer 130 is disposed on the substrate 110 and is located in the peripheral area PA. In some embodiments, the first touch electrode layer 120 may include a plurality of elongated electrode lines L extending along the first direction D1 after being patterned, and the plurality of elongated electrode lines L may be arranged at intervals along the second direction D2, wherein the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2. In addition, the first touch electrode layer 120 may further extend to the peripheral area PA and contact with the peripheral circuit layer 130 to form an electrical connection.

In some embodiments, the first touch electrode layer 120 may include a matrix and a plurality of metal nanowires (also referred to as metal nanostructures) distributed in the matrix. In some embodiments, the matrix may include a polymer or a mixture thereof to impart specific chemical, mechanical, and optical properties to the metal nanowires. For example, the matrix may provide good adhesion between the metal nanowires and the substrate 110. As another example, the matrix can provide good mechanical strength to the metal nanowires. In some embodiments, the matrix may include a specific polymer to provide additional scratch and abrasion resistant surface protection to the metal nanowires, thereby increasing the surface strength of the first touch electrode layer 120. The specific polymer may be, for example, polyacrylate, polyurethane, epoxy, poly (silicon-acrylic), polysiloxane, polysilane, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the matrix may further include a cross-linking agent, a polymerization inhibitor, a stabilizer (including, but not limited to, an antioxidant or an ultraviolet light stabilizer, for example), an interfacial agent, or a combination of any of the above, to improve the ultraviolet light resistance and extend the lifetime of the first touch electrode layer 120.

It should be understood that "metal nanowire" as used herein is a collective term referring to a collection of metal wires comprising a plurality of metal elements, metal alloys or metal compounds (including metal oxides), and the number of metal nanowires contained therein does not affect the scope of protection claimed by the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the cross-sectional dimension (e.g., the diameter of the cross-section) of a single metal nanowire may be less than 500nm, preferably less than 100nm, and more preferably less than 50 nm. In some embodiments, the metal nanowires have a large aspect ratio (i.e., length: diameter of cross-section). In particular, the aspect ratio of the metal nanowire may be between 10 and 100000. In more detail, the aspect ratio of the metal nanowire may be greater than 10, preferably greater than 50, and more preferably greater than 100. In addition, other terms such as silk (silk), fiber (fiber), or tube (tube) having the above cross-sectional dimensions and aspect ratios are also within the scope of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2A is a partially enlarged schematic view illustrating a region R1 of the touch sensor 100 of fig. 1 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Please refer to fig. 1 and fig. 2A. In some embodiments, the electrode lines L may extend from an upper boundary of the viewing area VA to a lower boundary of the viewing area VA in the first direction D1, and be arranged at intervals in the second direction D2 corresponding to the viewing area VA. In some embodiments, the line width of each electrode line L may be between 1 micron and 200 microns, and the distance (i.e., line distance) between adjacent electrode lines L may be between 10 microns and 400 microns, so as to have a lower line resistance and a higher light transmittance. As described above, since the substrate 110 of the touch sensor 100 has the hole site regions H correspondingly located in the visible region VA, the electrode lines L adjacent to the hole site regions H can be configured to have good compatibility with the hole site regions H. More specifically, the electrode lines L adjacent to the hole site region H may be specially configured to avoid blocking the hole site region H, and may also be specially configured to maintain a line resistance value required by the design. The specific configuration of each electrode line L and the relationship between the configuration and the above functions will be described in more detail below.

In some embodiments, as configured in fig. 2A, the first touch electrode layer 120 includes first electrode lines L1 adjacent to the hole site region H. In some embodiments, the first electrode lines L1 have a first portion L11 closer to the well region H and a second portion L12 farther from the well region H in the first direction D1, and the first portion L11 and the second portion L12 are connected to each other. More specifically, the first portion L11 of the first electrode line L1 is directly adjacent to the first edge S1 of the hole site region H and is adjacent to the first edge S1 of the hole site region H along the contour of the hole site region H, and the second portion L12 of the first electrode line L1 is not directly adjacent to the first edge S1 of the hole site region H and is substantially linear. It should be noted that the phrase "two elements (or two portions) are directly adjacent" as used herein means that there is no other element (or other portion) between the two elements (or two portions). In some embodiments, the first electrode line L1 may have two second portions L12 respectively connecting both ends of the first portion L11 in the first direction D1, and two second portions L12 substantially aligned with each other in the first direction D1.

In some embodiments, the first electrode line L1 includes a plurality of branches arranged at intervals, and the branches are connected in parallel. Specifically, the first electrode line L1 further has a third portion L13, and the second portion L12 and the third portion L13 of the first electrode line L1 constitute two branch lines of the first electrode line L1, that is, the second portion L12 and the third portion L13 of the first electrode line L1 are disposed in parallel and spaced apart, and are connected in parallel (i.e., the second portion L12 and the third portion L13 of the first electrode line L1 are connected to the same peripheral line). On the other hand, when the branches simultaneously encounter the interference of the hole site region H in the first direction D1, the branches are merged to be adjacent to the first edge S1 of the hole site region H along the contour of the hole site region H. Specifically, the third portion L13 of the first electrode line L1 connects the first portion L11 of the first electrode line L1, so that when the second portion L12 of the first electrode line L1 and the third portion L13 encounter interference from the hole site region H at the same time, the second portion L12 and the third portion L13 of the first electrode line L1 can be merged into the first portion L11 of the first electrode line L1 to be adjacent to the first edge S1 of the hole site region H along the contour of the hole site region H, that is, the first portion L11 of the first electrode line L1 is a portion that constitutes these branch lines (i.e., the second portion L12 of the first electrode line L1 and the third portion L13) into one. In some embodiments, the first electrode line L1 may have two third portions L13 respectively connecting both ends of the first portion L11 in the first direction D1, and the two third portions L13 are substantially aligned with each other in the first direction D1.

In some embodiments, the first touch electrode layer 120 further includes second electrode lines L2 adjacent to the hole site region H. The second electrode lines L2 also have a first portion L21 closer to the pore site region H and a second portion L22 farther from the pore site region H in the first direction D1, and the first portion L21 and the second portion L22 are connected to each other. In some embodiments, the hole site region H further has a second edge S2, and a portion of the second edge S2 and a portion of the first edge S1 are located on opposite sides of the hole site region H, wherein the first portion L21 of the second electrode line L2 is directly adjacent to the second edge S2 of the hole site region H and is adjacent to the second edge S2 of the hole site region H along the contour of the hole site region H, and the second portion L22 of the second electrode line L2 is not directly adjacent to the second edge S2 of the hole site region H and is substantially in a straight line. In other words, at least a portion of the first portion L11 of the first electrode lines L1 is spaced apart from at least a portion of the first portion L21 of the second electrode lines L2 by the hole site region H. In some embodiments, the second portions L22 of the second electrode lines L2 are substantially parallel (e.g., extend parallel to each other along the first direction D1) to the second portions L12 of the first electrode lines L1. Based on the above, the second electrode lines L2 and the first electrode lines L1 may be disposed around the hole site region H to avoid blocking the hole site region H and the optical elements disposed corresponding to the hole site region H.

In some embodiments, the second electrode line L2 includes a plurality of branches arranged at intervals, and the branches are connected in parallel. Specifically, the second electrode line L2 further has a third portion L23, wherein the first portion L21 of the second electrode line L2 is connected to the second portion L22 to form a branch of the second electrode line L2, and the third portion L23 is formed to form another branch of the second electrode line L2, and the two branches are spaced apart from each other. It should be noted that, since the two branches of the second electrode line L2 do not simultaneously encounter the interference of the hole site region H when extending in the first direction D1, the two branches of the second electrode line L2 do not need to adopt a one-in-one design.

In some embodiments, a maximum width W of the hole site region H in the second direction D2 is greater than a distance a2 between the second portion L12 of the first electrode line L1 and the second portion L22 of the second electrode line L2. Therefore, when the first electrode lines L1 and the second electrode lines L2 are disposed around the aperture potential region H, a distance a1 between the first portions L11 of the first electrode lines L1 and the first portions L21 of the second electrode lines L2 is greater than a distance a2 between the second portions L12 of the first electrode lines L1 and the second portions L22 of the second electrode lines L2. In the embodiment of fig. 2A, since the hole site region H has a circular shape, the maximum width W of the hole site region H is the diameter of the circle.

In some embodiments, there is a third edge S3 between the first edge S1 and the second edge S2 of the hole site region H, and the first edge S1, the second edge S2 and the third edge S3 may be connected to each other to collectively surround the hole site region H in a closed shape. In some embodiments, the third edge S3 of hole site region H may be exposed by a space between the first electrode lines L1 and the second electrode lines L2. More specifically, the first portion L11 of the first electrode line L1 and the first portion L21 of the second electrode line L2 are not adjacent to the third edge S3 of the hole site region H along the contour of the hole site region H. In other words, the first electrode lines L1 and the second electrode lines L2 are only adjacent to a portion of the edge of the hole site region H along the contour of the hole site region H. In some embodiments, the first portion L11 of the first electrode line L1 and the first portion L21 of the second electrode line L2 may have different line lengths. For example, the linear length X1 of the first portion L11 of the first electrode line L1 may be greater than the linear length X2 of the first portion L21 of the second electrode line L2, and in this case, the length of the first edge S1 is greater than the length of the second edge S2 (as in the embodiment of fig. 2A).

In some embodiments, a junction of the first portion L11 and the second portion L12 of the first electrode line L1 may have a rounded corner, and a junction of the first portion L21 and the second portion L22 of the second electrode line L2 may also have a rounded corner. By the design of the rounded corners, excessive heat release of the first electrode line L1 and the second electrode line L2 at the connection (i.e., near the hole site H) due to current accumulation can be avoided, and the occurrence of thermal effect can be reduced, so as to maintain the normal touch sensing function. In some embodiments, a distance A3 between the first portion L11 of the first electrode lines L1 and the first edge S1 of the hole site region H is between 100 micrometers and 400 micrometers, and a distance a4 between the first portion L21 of the second electrode lines L2 and the second edge S1 of the hole site region H is between 100 micrometers and 400 micrometers. The distance is set so that the touch sensor 100 has touch resolution, reliability and production yield. In detail, when the distance is less than 100 μm, in addition to the difficulty in patterning the first portions L11 of the first electrode lines L1 and the first portions L21 of the second electrode lines L2, which may result in a reduction in production yield, the first portions L11 of the first electrode lines L1 and the first portions L21 of the second electrode lines L2 may be too close to the hole site region H to pass the reliability test; when the distance is greater than 400 μm, the arrangement of the electrode lines L near the hole region H may be too sparse to provide a touch function, thereby reducing the touch resolution.

In some embodiments, the first touch electrode layer 120 may further include a third electrode line L3 directly adjacent to the first electrode line L1 on a side of the first electrode line L1 opposite to the second electrode line L2. The third electrode line L3 has a first portion L31 and a second portion L32 connected to each other, wherein the first portion L31 of the third electrode line L3 is adjacent to the first portion L11 of the first electrode line L1, and the second portion L32 of the third electrode line L3 is adjacent to the third portion L13 of the first electrode line L1. In some embodiments, the first portions L31 of the third electrode lines L3 substantially extend along the first portions L11 of the first electrode lines L1, and the second portions L32 of the third electrode lines L3 may be substantially parallel to the third portions L13 of the first electrode lines L1. Compared to the first electrode lines L1, the third electrode lines L3 are far from the hole site region H and do not interfere with the hole site region H when extending in the first direction D1, so the third electrode lines L3 are designed to extend along the same direction at a distance required for touch sensing with the first electrode lines L1. The bending amplitude of the first portion L31 of the third electrode line L3 is smaller than that of the first portion L11 of the first electrode line L1 (i.e., closer to a straight line pattern). On the other hand, the connection between the first portion L31 and the second portion L32 of the third electrode line L3 may have a rounded corner, so as to avoid excessive heat release at the connection between the third electrode line L3 and the second portion L32 due to current concentration, thereby reducing the occurrence of thermal effect.

In some embodiments, the first touch electrode layer 120 further includes a fourth electrode line L4 directly adjacent to the second electrode line L2 on a side of the second electrode line L2 opposite to the first electrode line L1. Since the fourth electrode lines L4 do not encounter interference of the hole site region H when extending in the first direction D1, and can keep a distance required for touch sensing with (the third portion L23 of) the second electrode lines L2, the fourth electrode lines L4 maintain a straight line extending in the first direction D1.

It should be understood that, in addition to the electrode lines L (i.e., the first electrode lines L1 to the fourth electrode lines L4) adjacent to the hole site region H, other electrode lines L farther from the hole site region H in the first touch sensing layer 120 may be arranged at intervals along the second direction D2 on a side of the third electrode line L3 opposite to the hole site region H and a side of the fourth electrode line L4 opposite to the hole site region H, and each of the electrode lines L has a substantially straight line shape.

It should be noted that, although the first electrode line L1 in this embodiment is designed by combining two branch lines into one, so that the line resistance of the first electrode line L1 is higher than the line resistance of other electrode lines (e.g., the second electrode line L2) that are not designed by combining two branch lines into one, the line resistance of each electrode line L of the first touch electrode layer 120 can be maintained near the lower limit of the sensing range of a controller by using the conductive layer of the metal nanowire layer with the lower surface resistance specification, so that the first electrode line L1 can be maintained in the sensing range of the controller even though the first electrode line L1 has a higher line resistance due to the combination of two branch lines.

Fig. 2B and 2C are schematic enlarged views of a portion of an area R1 of the touch sensor 100 of fig. 1 according to other embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the touch sensor 100 of fig. 2B and 2C and the touch sensor 100 of fig. 2A have substantially the same configuration, connection relationship, materials and functions of the elements, and thus are not described herein again, and only different points will be described in detail hereinafter. In addition, for the sake of simplifying the drawings, fig. 2B and 2C omit part of the electrode lines L, and only the first electrode lines L1 closest to the aperture site region H and part of the second electrode lines L2 remain.

Referring to fig. 2B, at least one difference between the touch sensor 100 shown in fig. 2A and the touch sensor 100 is the shape of the hole site region H. Specifically, the hole site region H in the touch sensor 100 of fig. 2B has a rectangular (square) shape. In this embodiment, the first portions L11 of the first electrode lines L1 and the first portions L21 of the second electrode lines L2 are respectively adjacent to the first edge S1 and the second edge S2 of the hole site region H along the contour of the hole site region H to form a rectangular shape. In the present embodiment, the hole site region H has a rectangular shape, and thus the first portion L11 of the first electrode line L1 and the first portion L21 of the second electrode line L2 each have one or more bends B. In some embodiments, the bending portion B may have a rounded corner to prevent the first electrode line L1 and the second electrode line L2 from excessively releasing heat at the bending portion B due to current concentration, thereby reducing the occurrence of thermal effect and maintaining a normal touch sensing function.

Referring to fig. 2C, at least one difference between the touch sensor 100 shown in fig. 2A and the touch sensor 100 is also the shape of the hole site region H. Specifically, the hole site region H in the touch sensor 100 of fig. 2C has a pill shape. More specifically, the pill shape includes a rectangle and two semicircles, and the two semicircles sandwich the rectangle. In this embodiment, the first portion L11 of the first electrode line L1 and the first portion L21 of the second electrode line L2 are respectively adjacent to the first edge S1 and the second edge S2 of the hole site region H along the contour of the hole site region H, so as to form a shape similar to a pill shape. Since the hole site H has a pill shape in the present embodiment, the first portion L11 of the first electrode line L1 and the first portion L21 of the second electrode line L2 are each a smooth curve (i.e., have no corners). Therefore, excessive heat release caused by current accumulation in the first electrode line L1 and the second electrode line L2 can be avoided, and the occurrence of thermal effect can be reduced, so as to maintain a normal touch sensing function.

It should be understood that the shapes of the hole site regions H illustrated in fig. 2A to 2C are merely exemplary embodiments, and the disclosure should not be limited thereto. In other embodiments, the hole region H may have other suitable shapes (e.g., an oval shape or a polygonal shape), and each electrode line L may be provided in a suitable shape matching the hole region H. In the following description, touch sensors according to other embodiments of the present disclosure will be described.

Fig. 3 is a schematic top view illustrating a touch sensor 100a according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view illustrating a region R2 of the touch sensor 100a of fig. 3 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Please refer to fig. 3 and fig. 4. In the embodiment of fig. 3 and 4, the touch sensor 100a further includes a second touch electrode layer 122, and the first touch electrode layer 120 and the second touch electrode layer 122 are configured by a double-sided single-layer electrode structure. More specifically, the first touch electrode layer 120 is disposed on a first surface (e.g., an upper surface) of the substrate 110, and the second touch electrode layer 122 is disposed on a second surface (e.g., a lower surface) of the substrate 110, so that the first touch electrode layer 120 and the second touch electrode layer 122 are electrically insulated from each other. In some embodiments, the second touch electrode layer 122 also has an electrode pattern formed by arranging a plurality of electrode lines L, and the metal nanowires and the matrix are all present in each of the electrode lines L of the second touch electrode layer 122. In some embodiments, the electrode lines L of the second touch electrode layer 122 may extend from the left boundary of the viewing area VA to the right boundary of the viewing area VA along the second direction D2, and are arranged at intervals along the first direction D1 corresponding to the viewing area VA. In other words, the electrode lines L of the first touch electrode layer 120 and the electrode lines L of the second touch electrode layer 122 extend in different directions and are vertically crossed with each other. In this way, touch sensing can be performed by detecting a signal change (e.g., a capacitance change) between the first touch electrode layer 120 and the second touch electrode layer 122.

In some embodiments, the second touch electrode layer 122 includes fifth electrode lines L5 and sixth electrode lines L6 adjacent to two opposite sides of the hole site region H, and the fifth electrode lines L5 and the sixth electrode lines L6 respectively have first portions L51 and L61 closer to the hole site region H and second portions L52 and L62 farther from the hole site region H in the second direction D2. The first and second portions L51 and L52 of the fifth electrode lines L5 are connected to each other, and the first and second portions L61 and L62 of the sixth electrode lines L6 are also connected to each other. Since the fifth electrode lines L5 and the sixth electrode lines L6 of the second touch electrode layer 122 extend along the second direction D2, the first portions L51 and L61 of the fifth electrode lines L5 and the sixth electrode lines L6 are respectively adjacent to the third edge S3 and the first edge S1 and the second edge S2 of the hole region H along the contour of the hole region H. It should be understood that the difference between the second touch electrode layer 122 and the first touch electrode layer 120 is only in the extending direction and the arrangement direction, and the element configuration and connection relationship, the material and the efficacy of the two are substantially the same, so that the description thereof is omitted. For example, the fifth electrode lines L5 and the sixth electrode lines L6 of the second touch electrode layer 122 have the same element configuration, connection relationship, material and efficacy as the first electrode lines L1 and the second electrode lines L2 of the first touch electrode layer 120, respectively.

On the other hand, to meet the requirement of capacitance sensing, the first touch electrode layer 120 and the second touch electrode layer 122 are partially staggered (i.e. not completely overlapped) in the extending direction perpendicular to the substrate 110. When the first electrode lines L1 and the second electrode lines L2 of the first touch electrode layer 120 and the fifth electrode lines L5 and the sixth electrode lines L6 of the second touch electrode layer 122 are viewed, the second portions L12 and L22 of the first electrode lines L1 and the second electrode lines L2 partially overlap the first portions L51 and L61 of the fifth electrode lines L5 and the sixth electrode lines L6; the first portions L11 and L21 of the first electrode lines L1 and the second electrode lines L2 are completely staggered from the first portions L51 and L61 of the fifth electrode lines L5 and the sixth electrode lines L6. In some embodiments, the distance a8 between the first portions L51 and L61 of the fifth electrode lines L5 and the sixth electrode lines L6 and the edge of the hole site area H may be greater than the distance a7 between the first portions L11 and L21 of the first electrode lines L1 and the second electrode lines L2 and the edge of the hole site area H.

It should be noted that, although not shown in the drawings, the touch sensor 100a with the double-sided single-layer electrode structure shown in fig. 3 may also have rectangular and pill-shaped hole regions H as shown in fig. 2B and fig. 2C. On the other hand, the touch sensor 100a of the present disclosure may also adopt a single-sided double-layered electrode structure. Specifically, the first touch electrode layer 120 and the second touch electrode layer 122 are disposed on the first surface or the second surface of the substrate 110 and electrically insulated from each other by an insulating layer. It is to be understood that the above-described connection relationships, materials and functions of the elements are not repeated and will not be described in detail. In the following description, a method for manufacturing the touch sensor 100 will be further described by taking the touch sensor 100 illustrated in fig. 1 and 2A as an example.

In some embodiments, the method of manufacturing the touch sensor 100 includes steps S10 to S14, and steps S10 to S14 can be performed sequentially. In step S10, a substrate 110 is provided, in which the substrate 110 has a first area and a second area corresponding to the visible area VA and the peripheral area PA, respectively, and the first area of the substrate 110 has an aperture area H. In step S12, a conductive layer is formed on the first region of the substrate 110. In step S14, the conductive layer is patterned to form the first touch electrode layer 120, such that the first touch electrode layer 120 has first electrode lines L1 and second electrode lines L2, and a portion of the first electrode lines L1 and a portion of the second electrode lines L2 are disposed adjacent to an edge of the hole site region H along a contour of the hole site region H. In the following description, the above steps will be described in more detail.

First, in step S10, a substrate 110 is provided, in which the substrate 110 has a first area and a second area corresponding to the visible area VA and the peripheral area PA, respectively, and the first area of the substrate 110 is provided with an aperture area H. In some embodiments, the distance a9 between the edge of the hole site region H and the boundary of the first and second regions is at least above 100 microns. Therefore, a certain distance can be ensured between the hole site region H and the boundary, so as to provide a space for disposing at least one electrode line L sufficient for touch sensing, thereby maintaining touch resolution. In detail, when the distance a9 is less than 100 μm, the conductive layer located between the hole site region H and the boundary may be insufficient or difficult to pattern, and thus the integrity of the electrode pattern near the hole site region H is affected, and the touch resolution is reduced.

Next, in step S12, a conductive layer (e.g., a nano silver layer, a nano gold layer, a nano copper layer, or a nano nickel layer) containing at least metal nanowires is coated on the first region of the substrate 110. In some embodiments, a dispersion or slurry with metal nanowires may be formed on the substrate 110 by coating, and cured/dried to attach the metal nanowires to the surface of the substrate 110, thereby forming a conductive layer disposed on the first region of the substrate 110. After the curing/drying step, substances such as a solvent in the dispersion or the slurry may be volatilized, and the metal nanowires may be randomly distributed on the surface of the substrate 110; alternatively, the metal nanowires may be fixed on the surface of the substrate 110 without falling off, so as to form a conductive layer, and the metal nanowires in the conductive layer may contact each other to provide a continuous current path, thereby forming a conductive network. In other words, the metal nanowires contact each other at crossing positions to form paths for transferring electrons.

In some embodiments, the dispersion or slurry includes a solvent, thereby uniformly dispersing the metal nanowires therein. Specifically, the solvent is, for example, water, alcohols, ketones, ethers, hydrocarbons, aromatic solvents (benzene, toluene, xylene, or the like), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the dispersion may further include an additive, a surfactant and/or a binder, thereby improving compatibility between the metal nanowires and a solvent and stability of the metal nanowires in the solvent. Specifically, the additive, surfactant and/or binder may be, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hypromellose, sulfosuccinate sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, fluorosurfactant, disulfonate, or a combination thereof. The dispersion or slurry containing the metal nanowires can be formed on the surface of the substrate 110 by any method, such as but not limited to screen printing, nozzle coating, or roller coating. In some embodiments, a roll-to-roll process may be used to apply the metal nanowire dispersion or slurry onto the surface of the continuously supplied substrate 110.

In some embodiments, the metal nanowires may be further post-processed to improve the contact characteristics (e.g., increase the contact area) of the metal nanowires at the crossing points, thereby improving the conductivity thereof. This post-treatment may include, but is not limited to, heating, plasma, corona discharge, ultraviolet, ozone, or pressure steps. Specifically, after curing/drying to form the conductive layer, a roller may be used to apply pressure thereon. In some embodiments, one or more rollers may be used to apply pressure to the conductive layer. In some embodiments, the applied pressure may be between 50psi and 3400psi, preferably between 100psi and 1000psi, 200psi and 800psi, or 300psi and 500 psi. In some embodiments, the metal nanowires can be subjected to post-treatment of the heating and pressurizing steps simultaneously. For example, a pressure of 10psi to 500psi (or preferably 40psi to 100 psi) can be applied through the roller while heating the roller to 70 ℃ to 200 ℃ (or preferably 100 ℃ to 175 ℃) to improve the conductivity of the metal nanowires. In some embodiments, the metal nanowires may also be exposed to a reducing agent for post-treatment, e.g., metal nanowires consisting of nano-silver wires may preferably be exposed to a silver reducing agent for post-treatment. In some embodiments, the silver reducing agent may include a borohydride, such as sodium borohydride, a boron nitrogen compound, such as dimethylaminoborane, or a gaseous reducing agent, such as hydrogen gas. In some embodiments, the exposure time may be between 10 seconds and 30 minutes, preferably between 1 minute and 10 minutes.

Subsequently, in step S14, a patterning step is performed to pattern the conductive layer, so as to form the first touch electrode layer 120 in the first area of the substrate 110. In some embodiments, the conductive layer adjacent to the hole site region H may be patterned into the first electrode lines L1 and the second electrode lines L2 extending on two sides of the hole site region H, and a portion of the first electrode lines L1 and a portion of the second electrode lines L2 are disposed adjacent to an edge of the hole site region H along a contour of the hole site region H. In other words, when the patterning of the conductive layer encounters interference (or blocking) of the hole site region H, the patterning of the conductive layer is performed along the contour of the edge of the hole site region H. In some embodiments, the conductive layer farther from hole site H may be patterned to form the third electrode lines L3, the fourth electrode lines L4, and the electrode lines L having substantially straight line shapes as described above. Each electrodeFor the detailed description of the line L, reference is made to the above description, and the description thereof is omitted. In some embodiments, the conductive layer can be patterned by etching. When the metal nanowires in the conductive layer are silver nanowires, the etching solution can be selected to have a composition that can etch silver, for example, the etching solution can have a major component of H ₃ PO ₄ (ratio of about 55% to about 70%) and HNO ₃ (in a ratio of about 5% to about 15%) to remove the silver metal material in the same process. In other embodiments, the main component of the etching solution may be ferric chloride/nitric acid or phosphoric acid/hydrogen peroxide.

After the step S14, the step S16 is optionally performed according to actual requirements, so that the hole site region H on the substrate 110 is formed as a through hole. In some embodiments, the through-holes may be formed, for example, by stamping. After the above steps, the touch sensor 100 shown in fig. 1 can be formed, wherein the hole region H can be a solid region or a through hole.

In some variations, different process sequences may be used to manufacture the touch sensor 100 of the present disclosure, so as to manufacture the touch sensor 100 in which the hole site region H of the substrate 110 is a through hole. In detail, in the present embodiment, the method for manufacturing the touch sensor 100 includes steps S20 to S26, and steps S20 to S26 can be performed sequentially. In step S20, a substrate 110 is provided, in which the substrate 110 has a first area and a second area corresponding to the visible area VA and the peripheral area PA, respectively, and the first area of the substrate 110 has an aperture area H. In step S22, a conductive layer is formed on the first region of the substrate 110. In step S24, the hole site region H is formed as a through hole, and a hole corresponding to the through hole is formed on the conductive layer at the same time. In step S26, the conductive layer is patterned to form the first touch electrode layer 120, such that the first touch electrode layer 120 has first electrode lines L1 and second electrode lines L2, and a portion of the first electrode lines L1 and a portion of the second electrode lines L2 are disposed adjacent to edges of the through holes along the contours of the through holes. In the following description, only the adjusted procedure will be described, and the remaining omitted portions can be referred to the description of the foregoing embodiment.

Since the conductive layer is formed in the first region of the substrate 110 in steps S22 to S24, and then the through hole is formed in the substrate 110, a hole can be formed at a position corresponding to the through hole of the conductive layer when the through hole is formed. In other words, the through hole of the substrate 110 and the hole of the conductive layer are formed in the same process. In some embodiments, the through holes of the substrate 110 and the holes of the conductive layer can be formed by stamping, for example. On the other hand, in step S26, the size of the holes may be enlarged during patterning of the conductive layer, so that the first electrode lines L1 and the second electrode lines L2 formed by patterning have a certain distance from the through holes of the substrate 110. After the above steps, the touch sensor 100 of the present disclosure can be formed, and the specific structure is as described above, which is not described herein again.

In other variations, different process sequences may be used to manufacture the touch sensor 100 of the present disclosure. Specifically, the foregoing steps S22 and S24 may be interchanged. In detail, in the present embodiment, the method for manufacturing the touch sensor 100 includes steps S30 to S36, and steps S30 to S36 can be performed sequentially. In step S30, a substrate 110 is provided, in which the substrate 110 has a first area and a second area corresponding to the visible area VA and the peripheral area PA, respectively, and the first area of the substrate 110 has an aperture area H. In step S32, the hole site region H is formed as a through hole. In step S34, a conductive layer is formed on the first region of the substrate 110. In step S36, the conductive layer is patterned to form the first touch electrode layer 120, such that the first touch electrode layer 120 has first electrode lines L1 and second electrode lines L2, and a portion of the first electrode lines L1 and a portion of the second electrode lines L2 are disposed adjacent to edges of the through holes along the contours of the through holes. In the following description, only the adjusted procedure will be described, and the remaining omitted portions can be referred to the description of the foregoing embodiment.

Since the through holes are formed in the substrate 110 first and then the conductive layer is formed in the first region of the substrate 110 in the steps S32 to S34, no additional holes are formed in the conductive layer. In addition, the position of the through hole can be selectively avoided when the conductive layer is formed. After the above steps, the touch sensor 100 of the present disclosure can be formed as well. Since the manufacturing method of the touch sensor 100 provided by the present disclosure can make the touch sensor 100 have a certain yield, the manufacturing sequence can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual requirement, so as to improve the convenience of the manufacturing process.

Fig. 5A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a touch display module 200 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the touch sensor (for example, the touch sensor 100a in fig. 3) may be integrated into a touch display module 200 such as a display, a portable phone, a tablet computer, and the like, so that the touch display module 200 can have the aforementioned functions. In some embodiments, the touch display module 200 has a display panel 210 and a touch sensor 100a, and the touch sensor 100a is disposed on the display panel 210. In some embodiments, the display panel 210 may be, for example, an Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) panel. In some embodiments, the display panel 210 may have flexibility to meet the bending requirement of the touch display module 200 together with the touch sensor 100 a.

In some embodiments, the touch display module 200 further includes a cover plate 220. The cover 220 and the display panel 210 collectively sandwich the touch sensor 100a therebetween. In the overall stacked structure, the touch sensor 100a and the cover 220 are sequentially stacked on the display panel 210. In some embodiments, the cover plate 220 may include a flexible material having flexibility, which refers to a material having both certain strength and certain flexibility in industry, and for example, includes polyimide, polyethersulfone, polyester, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polybutylene, polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, acryl, or a combination thereof. Thus, the cover plate 220 and the touch sensor 100a can meet the bending requirement of the touch display module 200.

In some embodiments, the touch display module 200 further includes a polarizing layer 230, which may be, for example, a liquid crystal coated polarizing layer. In some embodiments, the polarizing layer 230 may be disposed between the display panel 210 and the touch sensor 100 a. For example, the polarizing layer 230 may be directly formed on the surface of the display panel 210, i.e., the polarizing layer 230 is formed by using a structural layer (not shown) of the display panel 210 as a substrate. In some embodiments, the polarizing layer 230 may have flexibility to meet the bending requirement of the touch display module 200 together with the touch sensor 100 a.

In some embodiments, the touch display module 200 further includes a protective layer 240. The passivation layer 240 can cover the touch sensor 100a in a whole surface manner, that is, the passivation layer 240 covers the first touch electrode layer 120 and the peripheral circuit layer 130 of the touch sensor 100a and fills between the adjacent electrode lines L and the adjacent peripheral circuits to provide an electrical insulation effect. In some embodiments, the protective layer 240 may be a hard coat layer including an insulating material such as, but not limited to, a non-conductive resin or other organic material. In some embodiments, the protection layer 240 has flexibility so as to meet the bending requirement of the touch display module 200 together with the touch sensor 100 a. In addition, adhesive layers such as optically clear adhesive can be selectively arranged between the layers to facilitate the bonding between the layers.

For each of the above layers, the display panel 210, the polarizing layer 230 and the protection layer 240 may be respectively provided with holes O1-O3 corresponding to the hole site region H of the touch sensor 100a, so that the optical elements may be disposed corresponding to the hole site region H and the holes O1-O3. For example, the optical elements may be disposed on the surface of the display panel 210 opposite to the touch sensor 100a and corresponding to the hole area H and the holes O1 to O3. In this way, the touch display module 200 having the optical element corresponding to the visible area VA can be formed, and the requirement of the narrow frame design of the touch display module 200 can be further realized. In some embodiments, the optical element may be further accommodated in the holes O1-O3 according to actual requirements, and the accommodating depth actually accommodated in the hole O1, the hole O2, or even the hole O3 may be designed according to requirements.

Fig. 5B is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a touch display module 200a according to other embodiments of the present disclosure. At least one difference between the touch display module 200a of fig. 5B and the touch display module 200 of fig. 5A is that the polarizing layer 230 of the touch display module 200a can be disposed between the touch sensor 100a and the cover 220. For example, the polarizing layer 230 may be directly formed on the surface of the cover plate 220, that is, the cover plate 220 is used as a substrate to form the polarizing layer 230.

According to the above-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure, since the touch sensor of the present disclosure has the hole location area correspondingly located in the visible area, when the touch sensor is integrated into the touch display module having an optical function, the optical element of the touch display module can be disposed corresponding to the hole location area. Therefore, the space for arranging the optical assembly in the peripheral area can be saved, and the requirement of narrow frame design of the touch display module is further met. In addition, because the optical components of the touch display module are correspondingly arranged in the visible area, the peripheral circuit of the touch sensor positioned in the peripheral area does not need to be arranged by avoiding the optical components, and the bending of the peripheral area can be further not limited by the optical components, so that the touch sensor can realize more diversified bending designs. On the other hand, by adjusting the specification of the resistance value of the touch electrode layer, and the layout of the touch electrode and the design of the electrode pattern, the touch electrode can still maintain the line resistance value required by the design while bypassing the hole position area, so as to maintain the touch function well. In addition, in the manufacturing process of the touch sensor disclosed by the invention, the sequence of the manufacturing steps can be flexibly adjusted according to actual requirements, so that the convenience of the manufacturing process is further improved.

Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and therefore the scope of the present disclosure should be limited only by the terms of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A touch sensor, having a visible area and a peripheral area disposed on at least one side of the visible area, the touch sensor comprising:

a substrate, which is provided with a hole site area correspondingly positioned in the visible area, wherein the hole site area is provided with a first edge; and

the first touch electrode layer is arranged on the substrate and correspondingly positioned in the visible area, wherein the first touch electrode layer comprises a first electrode wire extending along a first direction, the first electrode wire is provided with a first part close to the hole site area and a second part far away from the hole site area in the first direction, the first part of the first electrode wire is connected with the second part of the first electrode wire, and the first part of the first electrode wire is adjacently arranged at the first edge along the outline of the hole site area.

2. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein the first touch electrode layer comprises a substrate and a plurality of metal nanostructures distributed in the substrate.

3. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein the hole site region further has a second edge, and a portion of the second edge and a portion of the first edge are located on opposite sides of the hole site region.

4. The touch sensor of claim 3, wherein the first touch electrode layer further comprises a second electrode line extending along the first direction, the second electrode line being disposed adjacent to and spaced apart from the first electrode line, and having a first portion close to the hole site area and a second portion far from the hole site area in the first direction, wherein the first portion of the second electrode line is connected to the second portion of the second electrode line, and the first portion of the second electrode line is disposed adjacent to the second edge along the contour of the hole site area.

5. The touch sensor of claim 4, wherein a distance between the first portion of the first electrode line and the first portion of the second electrode line is greater than a distance between the second portion of the first electrode line and the second portion of the second electrode line.

6. The touch sensor of claim 4, wherein at least a portion of the first electrode line is separated from at least a portion of the first portion of the second electrode line by the aperture location.

7. The touch sensor of claim 4, wherein the second portion of the first electrode line is parallel to the second portion of the second electrode line.

8. The touch sensor of claim 4, wherein the first portion of the first electrode line is located at a distance of 100-400 microns from the first edge of the hole site region, and the first portion of the second electrode line is located at a distance of 100-400 microns from the second edge of the hole site region.

9. The touch sensor of claim 4, wherein a junction of the first portion of the first electrode line and the second portion of the first electrode line has a rounded corner, and a junction of the first portion of the second electrode line and the second portion of the second electrode line has a rounded corner.

10. The touch sensor of claim 1, wherein the first electrode line comprises a plurality of branch lines arranged at intervals, and the branch lines are connected in parallel.

11. The touch sensor of claim 10, wherein if the plurality of branch lines simultaneously encounter interference of the hole site area in the first direction, the plurality of branch lines are combined together to be adjacent to the first edge of the hole site area along the contour of the hole site area.

12. The touch sensor of claim 11, wherein the first electrode line of the first touch electrode layer further has a third portion, the second portion and the third portion of the first electrode line form two branch lines of the first electrode line, and the third portion is connected to the first portion of the first electrode line, so that the first portion of the first electrode line forms a part where the branch lines are combined into one.

13. The touch sensor of claim 1, further comprising a second touch electrode layer, wherein the substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, and the first touch electrode layer and the second touch electrode layer are disposed on the first surface and the second surface of the substrate, respectively; or, the first touch electrode layer and the second touch electrode layer are both disposed on the first surface or the second surface of the substrate and electrically insulated from each other through an insulating layer.

14. The touch sensor of claim 13, wherein the second touch electrode layer comprises a fifth electrode line extending along a second direction, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and the fifth electrode line has a first portion near the hole site area and a second portion far from the hole site area in the second direction, wherein the first portion of the fifth electrode line is connected to the second portion of the fifth electrode line, and the first portion of the fifth electrode line is adjacent to an edge of the hole site area along a contour of the hole site area.

15. A touch display module, comprising:

a display panel; and

the touch sensor of claim 1, disposed on the display panel.

16. The touch display module of claim 15, further comprising a cover plate disposed over the touch sensor.

17. The touch display module of claim 16, further comprising a polarizing layer disposed between the display panel and the touch sensor or disposed between the touch sensor and the cover plate.

18. The touch display module of claim 15, wherein the display panel has a hole corresponding to the hole area.

19. The touch display module of claim 18, further comprising an optical element received in the aperture.