CN114814946A - Tomography method based on transmission channel wave adjacent channel centroid frequency - Google Patents
Tomography method based on transmission channel wave adjacent channel centroid frequency Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tomography method based on transmission channel wave adjacent channel centroid frequency, which comprises the steps of firstly obtaining the centroid frequency of a channel wave signal according to the statistical rule of seismic signal amplitude-frequency spectrum, and then obtaining the centroid frequency change characteristic through an algorithm of the adjacent channel centroid frequency, wherein the algorithm for calculating the centroid frequency is combined with the centroid frequency of the original channel wave signal, the attenuation change of the channel wave centroid frequency can be accurately estimated, and f does not need to be determined in the calculation process S Value, thereby overcoming seismic source variability and f s And (3) artificially selecting conditions such as influence on an imaging result caused by improper selection, then carrying out linear tomography according to the attenuation change rule of the trough wave centroid frequency to obtain the distribution of the frequency shift quantity M of the trough wave centroid frequency in the coal seam working surface, determining whether a geological structure exists in the detection area or not according to the distribution, and determining the position of the geological structure with high precision if the geological structure exists.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seismic tomography method, in particular to a tomography method based on transmission groove wave adjacent channel centroid frequency.
Background
In recent years, the intelligent unmanned coal mining performance of the coal industry is remarkable, however, the coal mining conditions in China are complex, and the transparent geological conditions for coal mining need to be found and reconstructed urgently. There are many small geological structures (small faults, collapse columns and the like) which affect safe production in the coal mining process, and the channel wave exploration is one of effective means for detecting the small structures (as shown in figure 1). At present, the influence of geological abnormal bodies on the working surface of a coal bed on the energy attenuation of transmitted trough waves is mainly utilized in trough wave exploration, but in the trough wave signal acquisition process, due to factors such as wave detector coupling and the like, serious noise interference generally exists, and the amplitude retention of actually measured signals is low. This phenomenon may cause an excessive energy difference of the channel wave signal, and reduce the applicability of directly using the channel wave energy for imaging, so a data processing method with higher stability and stronger applicability needs to be developed. At present, the method of utilizing the characteristic imaging of the frequency domain of the channel wave is a better channel wave data processing idea.
The channel wave frequency domain characteristic imaging adopts a centroid frequency migration method, and the main principle is that the statistical relationship of high-frequency and low-frequency energy of a seismic signal frequency spectrum is utilized, so that the interference of noise and detector coupling factors is small, and the stability is better. In the existing calculation process of the centroid frequency shift method, f is given S An empirical value, but since the source signal is not acquired in transmitted channel exploration, the frequency expectation f of the channel source S The method cannot be accurately calculated and can only be assigned by experience. At the same time, the method faces f S The estimation is difficult and the difference between different seismic sources cannot be considered, so that the frequency shift characteristic of the coal tank which is obtained finally can only be a relative value. Thus how the source frequency f can be avoided S Because the influence on the imaging result caused by improper manual selection, the tomography of the coal seam working face with high precision can be carried out, and the method is one of the research directions of the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a tomography method based on the transmission channel wave adjacent channel centroid frequency without determining f S Value, avoiding source frequency f S Because of the influence of improper artificial selection on the imaging result, the coal seam can be accurately and precisely controlledThe working face is subjected to tomography.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a tomography method based on transmission channel wave adjacent channel centroid frequency comprises the following specific steps:
A. collecting transmission channel wave signals and forming a plurality of shot-sharing gather: a plurality of seismic source points are arranged on the side wall of the roadway on one side of the coal seam working surface at equal intervals in a row, a plurality of detectors are arranged on the side wall of the roadway on the other side at equal intervals in a row, the plurality of seismic source points and the plurality of detectors are all positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the plurality of detectors are all connected with a seismometer to form a coal seam transmission channel wave exploration and observation system; transmitting transmission channel wave signals to the coal seam from each seismic source point in sequence, wherein the transmission channel wave signals of each seismic source point are received by each detector after being transmitted by the coal seam, and the seismometer forms a shot point-sharing gather by receiving the transmission channel wave signals of the same seismic source point by the plurality of detectors respectively, so that each seismic source point forms a shot point-sharing gather;
B. and (3) performing centroid frequency extraction on each transmission channel slot wave signal received by each detector: according to the statistical relationship of the amplitude-frequency spectrum of the seismic signals, extracting the centroid frequency of each channel of transmission channel wave signals excited by each seismic source acquired by each detector to obtain the centroid frequency of each channel of transmission channel wave signals;
C. calculating the attenuation parameters of the centroid frequency of the adjacent channel according to the centroid frequency of each channel of transmission channel wave signals: the step is to calculate the centroid frequency of the adjacent channel to obtain the attenuation parameter on the basis of solving the centroid frequency of each channel of channel wave signal, the algorithm of the step can accurately estimate the attenuation change of the centroid frequency of the channel wave, and the differences of seismic sources and f are overcome s The method comprises the following steps of artificially selecting conditions such as influence on an imaging result caused by improper selection, and calculating the attenuation parameter of the centroid frequency of an adjacent channel: firstly selecting a seismic source point, then determining the detector which is the shortest from the seismic source point as an initial detector, setting the center of mass frequency of a transmission trough wave excited by the seismic source point received by the detector as an initial value, and acquiring the transmission trough excited by the same seismic source point by the detectors which are the nearest from the detector on two sides of the initial detectorThe wave centroid frequency and the initial value are respectively subjected to adjacent channel calculation, specifically:
a) the attenuation propagation distance of the frequency of the transmitted slot wave is known to be linear, and there are:
in the formula: f. of S 、
Respectively exciting the centroid frequency and the variance of the transmitted channel wave signals for the seismic source points; alpha is alpha o Is the slot wave frequency attenuation coefficient; f. of R Receiving the centroid frequency of the single channel transmission channel wave signal of the seismic source point for the detector;
b) assume from equation (2)
For a fixed value, equation (2) can be simplified as:
Kα 0 L R ＝f S -f R (3)
wherein L is R The propagation distance from each detector to the seismic source point;
c) according to equation (3), there is the result of the ith trace in the common shot trace set for each detector:
Kα 0 L i ＝f s -f i ,i＝1,2,.....,N
in a transmission slot wave exploration observation system, adjacent propagation paths are close, so that the centroid frequency attenuation coefficients of slot waves in the two propagation paths are set to be the same, and the following steps are provided:
Kα i (L i+1 -L i )＝(f s -f i+1 )-(f s -f i )＝f i -f i+1
then, the centroid frequency f of the transmission channel wave signal received by each detector at each seismic source point is obtained according to the formula i And a propagation distance L i And calculating the obtained frequency attenuation coefficient K alpha i Defined as the result on the ith propagation path, i.e.
In the formula: m i The attenuation parameter of the ith channel wave centroid frequency in each common shot point channel set is in a linear relation with the propagation path and the frequency attenuation coefficient, and the parameter is obtained by calculating adjacent channel wave signals of the common shot point channel sets;
according to the formula, the attenuation parameters of the centroid frequency of the channel wave of each channel of the transmission channel wave signal adjacent to each seismic source point can be obtained;
D. performing tomography according to the acquired data: and D, performing inversion on the attenuation parameters of the centroid frequency of each adjacent channel obtained in the step C by adopting a tomography technology, and estimating the distribution condition of the M value in the working surface of the coal bed, thereby realizing geological imaging of the detection area.
Further, the method for solving the centroid frequency of each transmission channel wave signal in the step B comprises the following steps:
let the time signal of the transmitted channel wave be A (t) i ) N is the number of sampling points, the sampling interval is Δ T, and the sampling time T is Δ T (N-1);
secondly, the transmission channel wave signal is processed by FFT to obtain a frequency-amplitude spectrum R (f) j )，
In the formula (f) R The center of mass frequency of the single channel transmission channel wave signal;
through the above formula, each transmission channel wave signal in each detector can be obtained.
Furthermore, in the step D, a discrete image reconstruction technique is adopted during inversion calculation, and the expression is
In the formula,. DELTA.f i The total frequency shift quantity of the transmission slot wave; m is the frequency shift amount in the corresponding grid; d ij The length of the ray in the jth grid on the ith ray is taken as the length of the ray in the jth grid on the ith ray; n is the total number of rays; k is the number of grids; at this time, a grid matrix a (N × K) can be established in the detection area, and the following matrix equation is formed:
M＝AΔf -1 (6)
and (4) solving the coefficient matrix of the formula (6), namely obtaining the distribution information of the coal bed M value in the detection area.
Compared with the prior art, the method firstly obtains the centroid frequency of the tank wave signal according to the statistical rule of the amplitude-frequency spectrum of the seismic signal, and then obtains the centroid frequency change characteristic through the algorithm of the centroid frequency of the adjacent channel, wherein the algorithm of the centroid frequency is combined with the centroid frequency of the original tank wave signal, the attenuation change of the centroid frequency of the tank wave can be accurately estimated, and f of each seismic source point does not need to be determined in the calculation process S Value, thereby overcoming seismic source variability and f s And (3) artificially selecting conditions such as influence on an imaging result caused by improper selection, then carrying out linear tomography according to the attenuation change rule of the trough wave centroid frequency to obtain the distribution of the frequency shift quantity M of the trough wave centroid frequency in the coal seam working surface, determining whether a geological structure exists in the detection area or not according to the distribution, and determining the position of the geological structure with high precision if the geological structure exists.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the detection of a transmitted channel wave exploration observation system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the attenuation law of the centroid frequency of the transmitted channel wave in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the results of tomography of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained below.
Example (b): the method of the invention is adopted to carry out actual detection on a certain coal mine working face, and the specific steps are as follows:
A. collecting transmission channel wave signals and forming a plurality of shot-sharing gather: arranging a plurality of seismic source points at a row of equal intervals of 10m on the side wall of the roadway on one side of the coal seam working surface, arranging a plurality of detectors at a row of equal intervals of 10m on the side wall of the roadway on the other side, wherein the plurality of seismic source points and the plurality of detectors are all positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the plurality of detectors are all connected with a seismometer to form a coal seam transmission channel wave exploration and observation system; transmitting transmission channel wave signals to the coal seam from each seismic source point in sequence, wherein the transmission channel wave signals of each seismic source point are received by each detector after being transmitted by the coal seam, and a plurality of transmission channel wave signals received by each detector form a shot-point-sharing gather according to the fact that a plurality of detectors receive the transmission channel wave signals of the same seismic source point respectively, so that each seismic source point forms a shot-point-sharing gather as shown in figure 1;
B. and (3) performing centroid frequency extraction on each transmission channel slot wave signal received by each detector: according to the statistical relationship of the amplitude-frequency spectrum of the seismic signals, extracting the centroid frequency of each channel of transmission channel wave signals excited by each seismic source acquired by each detector to obtain the centroid frequency of each channel of transmission channel wave signals; the method for solving the centroid frequency of each transmission channel wave signal comprises the following steps:
let the time signal of the transmitted channel wave be A (t) i ) N is the number of sampling points, the sampling interval is Δ T, and the sampling time T is Δ T (N-1);
secondly, the transmission channel wave signal is subjected to FFT to obtain a frequency-amplitude spectrum R (f) j )，
In the formula (f) R The center of mass frequency of the single channel transmission channel wave signal;
through the above formula, each transmission channel wave signal in each detector can be obtained.
C、Calculating the attenuation parameters of the centroid frequency of the adjacent channel according to the centroid frequency of each channel of transmission channel wave signals: the step is to calculate the centroid frequency of the adjacent channel to obtain the attenuation parameter on the basis of solving the centroid frequency of each channel of channel wave signals, the algorithm of the step can accurately estimate the attenuation change of the centroid frequency of the channel waves, and the differences of seismic sources and f are overcome s The method comprises the following steps of artificially selecting conditions such as influence on an imaging result caused by improper selection, and calculating attenuation parameters of the centroid frequency of adjacent channels: firstly, selecting a seismic source point, then determining a detector which is the shortest from the seismic source point as an initial detector, setting the center of mass frequency of a transmission trough wave excited by the seismic source point received by the detector as an initial value, and respectively carrying out adjacent channel calculation on the center of mass frequency of the transmission trough wave excited by the same seismic source point, acquired by detectors at two sides of the initial detector, which are nearest to the detector, and the initial value, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a) the attenuation propagation distance of the frequency of the transmitted slot wave is known to be linear, and there are:
in the formula: f. of S 、
Respectively is the centroid frequency and variance of the transmitted channel wave signal when the seismic source point is excited; alpha is alpha o Is the slot wave frequency attenuation coefficient; f. of R Receiving the centroid frequency of the single channel transmission channel wave signal of the seismic source point for the detector;
b) assume from equation (2)
For a fixed value, equation (2) can be simplified as:
Kα 0 L R ＝f S -f R (3)
wherein L is R The propagation distance from each detector to the seismic source point;
c) according to equation (3), there is the result of the ith trace in the common shot trace set for each detector:
Kα 0 L i ＝f s -f i ,i＝1,2,.....,N
in a transmission slot wave exploration observation system, adjacent propagation paths are close, so that the centroid frequency attenuation coefficients of slot waves in the two propagation paths are set to be the same, and the following steps are provided:
Kα i (L i+1 -L i )＝(f s -f i+1 )-(f s -f i )＝f i -f i+1
then, the centroid frequency f of the transmission channel wave signal received by each detector at each seismic source point is obtained according to the formula i And a propagation distance L i And calculating the obtained frequency attenuation coefficient K alpha i Defined as the result on the ith propagation path, i.e.
In the formula: m i The attenuation parameter of the ith channel wave centroid frequency in each common shot point channel set is in a linear relation with the propagation path and the frequency attenuation coefficient, and the parameter is obtained by calculating adjacent channel wave signals of the common shot point channel sets;
according to the formula, the attenuation parameters of the centroid frequency of the channel wave of each channel of the transmission channel wave signal excited by each seismic source point can be obtained, as shown in FIG. 2;
D. performing tomography according to the acquired data: c, inverting the attenuation parameters of the centroid frequencies of the adjacent channels acquired in the step C by adopting a tomography technology, and estimating the distribution condition of M values in the working surface of the coal bed, thereby realizing geological imaging of the detection area; wherein the reconstruction technique of discrete image is adopted in the inversion calculation, and the expression is
In the formula,. DELTA.f i The total frequency shift quantity of the transmission slot wave; m is the frequency shift in the corresponding gridAn amount; d ij The length of the ray in the jth grid on the ith ray is taken as the length of the ray in the jth grid on the ith ray; n is the total number of rays; k is the number of grids; at this time, a grid matrix a (N × K) can be established in the detection area, and the following matrix equation is formed:
M＝AΔf -1 (6)
solving the coefficient matrix of the formula (6) can obtain the distribution information of the coal seam M values in the detection area, as shown in fig. 3.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A tomography method based on transmission channel wave adjacent channel centroid frequency is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
A. collecting transmission channel wave signals and forming a plurality of shot-sharing gather: a plurality of seismic source points are arranged on the side wall of the roadway on one side of the coal seam working surface at equal intervals in a row, a plurality of detectors are arranged on the side wall of the roadway on the other side at equal intervals in a row, the plurality of seismic source points and the plurality of detectors are all positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the plurality of detectors are all connected with a seismometer to form a coal seam transmission channel wave exploration and observation system; transmitting transmission channel wave signals to the coal seam from each seismic source point in sequence, wherein the transmission channel wave signals of each seismic source point are received by each detector after being transmitted by the coal seam, and the seismometer forms a shot point-sharing gather by receiving the transmission channel wave signals of the same seismic source point by the plurality of detectors respectively, so that each seismic source point forms a shot point-sharing gather;
B. and (3) performing centroid frequency extraction on each transmission channel slot wave signal received by each detector: according to the statistical relationship of the amplitude-frequency spectrum of the seismic signals, extracting the centroid frequency of each channel of transmission channel wave signals excited by each seismic source acquired by each detector to obtain the centroid frequency of each channel of transmission channel wave signals;
C. calculating the attenuation parameters of the centroid frequency of the adjacent channel according to the centroid frequency of each channel of transmission channel wave signals: the attenuation parameter calculation process of the centroid frequency of the adjacent track is as follows: firstly, selecting a seismic source point, then determining a detector which is the shortest from the seismic source point as an initial detector, setting the center of mass frequency of a transmission trough wave excited by the seismic source point received by the detector as an initial value, and respectively carrying out adjacent channel calculation on the center of mass frequency of the transmission trough wave excited by the same seismic source point, acquired by detectors at two sides of the initial detector, which are nearest to the detector, and the initial value, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a) the attenuation propagation distance of the frequency of the transmitted slot wave is known to be linear, and there are:
in the formula: f. of S 、
Respectively is the centroid frequency and variance of the transmitted channel wave signal when the seismic source point is excited; alpha is alpha o Is the slot wave frequency attenuation coefficient; f. of R Receiving the centroid frequency of the single channel transmission channel wave signal of the seismic source point for the detector;
b) assume from equation (2)
For a fixed value, equation (2) can be simplified as:
Kα 0 L R ＝f S -f R (3)
wherein L is R The propagation distance from each detector to the seismic source point;
c) according to equation (3), there is the result of the ith trace in the common shot trace set for each detector:
Kα 0 L i ＝f s -f i ,i＝1,2,.....,N
in a transmission slot wave exploration observation system, adjacent propagation paths are close, so that the centroid frequency attenuation coefficients of slot waves in the two propagation paths are set to be the same, and the following steps are provided:
Kα i (L i+1 -L i )＝(f s -f i+1 )-(f s -f i )＝f i -f i+1
then, the centroid frequency f of the transmission channel wave signal received by each detector at each seismic source point is obtained according to the formula i And a propagation distance L i And calculating the obtained frequency attenuation coefficient K alpha i Defined as the result on the ith propagation path, i.e.
In the formula: m i The attenuation parameter of the ith channel wave centroid frequency in each common shot point channel set is in a linear relation with the propagation path and the frequency attenuation coefficient, and the parameter is obtained by calculating adjacent channel wave signals of the common shot point channel sets;
according to the formula, the attenuation parameters of the centroid frequency of the channel wave of each channel of the transmission channel wave signal adjacent to each seismic source point can be obtained;
D. performing tomography according to the acquired data: and C, inverting the attenuation parameters of the centroid frequencies of the adjacent channels acquired in the step C by adopting a tomography technology, and estimating the distribution condition of the M values in the working surface of the coal bed, thereby realizing geological imaging of the detection area.
2. The tomography method based on the transmission channel adjacent channel centroid frequency in the step B as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the centroid frequency of each transmission channel signal in the step B is as follows:
let the time signal of the transmitted channel wave be A (t) i ) N is the number of sampling points, the sampling interval is Δ T, and the sampling time T is Δ T (N-1);
secondly, the transmission channel wave signal is subjected to FFT to obtain a frequency-amplitude spectrum R (f) j )，
In the formula (f) R The center of mass frequency of the single channel transmission channel wave signal;
through the formula, each transmission channel wave signal in each detector can be obtained.
3. The tomography method based on the centroid frequency of the adjacent channel of the transmission slot wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inversion calculation in the step D adopts a discrete image reconstruction technique, and the expression is
In the formula,. DELTA.f i The total frequency shift quantity of the transmission slot wave; m is the frequency shift amount in the corresponding grid; d ij The length of the ray in the jth grid on the ith ray is taken as the length of the ray in the jth grid on the ith ray; n is the total number of rays; k is the number of grids; at this time, a grid matrix a (N × K) can be established in the detection area, and the following matrix equation is formed:
M＝AΔf -1 (6)
and (4) solving the coefficient matrix of the formula (6), namely obtaining the distribution information of the coal bed M value in the detection area.
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