CN114813446A - Device and method for online measurement of concentration of non-condensable gas of gas-liquid two-phase system - Google Patents
Device and method for online measurement of concentration of non-condensable gas of gas-liquid two-phase system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring the concentration of non-condensable gas of a gas-liquid two-phase system on line, which belong to the technical field of thermotechnical measurement and comprise an absolute pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, wherein the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are both inserted into a pipeline in a way of being vertical to the wall of the pipeline, and the insertion depth of the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor is equal to the radius length of the pipeline; the absolute pressure sensor measures the total absolute pressure of the pipeline, the temperature sensor measures the temperature of saturated steam in the pipeline, the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are both connected with the microprocessor, the microprocessor calculates the saturated steam pressure according to the saturated steam temperature, and then calculates the partial pressure and the concentration of non-condensable gas in the pipeline according to the total absolute pressure of the pipeline.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermal measurement, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the concentration of non-condensable gas of a gas-liquid two-phase system on line.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
A gas-liquid two-phase system refers to a system having two parts, a liquid and a gaseous substance. When the parameters of the system are changed, the substance is subjected to phase change. The material can absorb or emit heat under the condition of not changing the temperature of the system by phase change, and the phase change heat transfer has the advantage of high surface heat transfer coefficient and is widely applied to heat exchangers, such as loop heat pipes and the like.
The loop heat pipe is a heat exchanger consisting of an evaporator, a condenser and a vapor-liquid line. In the evaporator, the liquid working medium is heated and evaporated by a heat source into steam, and the steam enters the condenser through the ascending pipeline; in the condenser, the cold source condenses the working medium vapor into liquid, which returns to the evaporator through the descending pipeline to form a complete circulation loop. The loop heat pipe performs efficient heat exchange through the phase change of the working medium, the driving force for the flowing of the working medium is provided by gravity, and the loop heat pipe can work without external input energy under the condition of keeping the temperature difference of a cold source and a heat source.
A small amount of non-condensable gas (air) entering from the outside exists in the loop heat pipe, and the non-condensable gas cannot change phase along with the working medium, so that in the condenser, the non-condensable gas forms extra thermal resistance on the inner wall of the pipe, the heat exchange efficiency of the condenser is reduced, the total heat exchange efficiency of the loop heat pipe is further reduced, the loop heat pipe cannot meet the working requirement, and in individual application occasions, great potential safety hazards are likely to be generated, so that the content of the non-condensable gas in the loop heat pipe needs to be measured.
The inventor finds that the concentration of the non-condensable gas in a gas-liquid two-phase flow system is measured by a steam quality detector. The principle of the steam quality detector for measuring the non-condensable gas is that steam is introduced into a container through a branch pipe, the steam is condensed in the container, and the volume of the condensed liquid and the volume of the condensed gas are measured, so that the concentration of the non-condensable gas in the steam is obtained.
The steam quality detector is mainly suitable for systems above normal pressure, a loop heat pipe system is a closed system, the system needs to be vacuumized when working media are added, and when the loop heat pipe is not put into use, negative pressure exists in the system, so that the steam quality detector cannot be used; the steam quality detector needs to extract a working medium part in the system, and influences the gas-liquid interface of the loop heat pipe, so that the heat exchange performance is influenced; moreover, the steam quality detector cannot measure the concentration of the non-condensable gas in real time, and is inconvenient to use.
In the air conditioning and refrigeration system, it is common to detect whether or not a non-condensable gas is mixed by stopping the system to measure the outlet temperature of the condenser. When the temperature is close to the ambient temperature, the internal pressure of the condenser is recorded, the internal pressure is compared with the saturation pressure at the ambient temperature, and if the internal pressure of the condenser is higher, non-condensable gas exists in the system. This method is rough in measurement, only qualitative results can be obtained, and online measurement is also impossible.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for online measuring the concentration of non-condensable gas in a gas-liquid two-phase system, wherein a temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of saturated steam, a microprocessor is used for obtaining saturated steam pressure according to the calculation of the saturated steam temperature, an absolute pressure sensor is used for measuring the total absolute pressure value of the gas-liquid two-phase system, the microprocessor can be used for obtaining the partial pressure of the non-condensable gas according to the calculation of the total absolute pressure value and the saturated steam pressure, and the concentration of the non-condensable gas is obtained according to the calculation of the partial pressure of the non-condensable gas, so that the problem that the existing device for measuring the concentration of the non-condensable gas in the gas-liquid two-phase system cannot perform online measurement is solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a device for online measuring the concentration of non-condensable gas of a gas-liquid two-phase system, which comprises an absolute pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, wherein the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are both inserted into a pipeline in a way of being vertical to the wall of the pipeline, and the insertion depth of the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor is equal to the radius length of the pipeline; the absolute pressure sensor measures the total absolute pressure of the pipeline, the temperature sensor measures the temperature of saturated steam in the pipeline, the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are both connected with the microprocessor, the microprocessor calculates the saturated steam pressure according to the saturated steam temperature, and then calculates the partial pressure and the concentration of non-condensable gas in the pipeline according to the total absolute pressure of the pipeline.
As a further technical scheme, the microprocessor calculates the saturated vapor pressure of the working medium in the pipeline by using data measured by the temperature sensor and the saturated vapor pressure line.
As a further technical scheme, the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged in parallel along the radial direction of the pipeline and are tightly attached.
As a further technical scheme, the temperature sensor is positioned on one side close to the incoming flow direction of the working fluid.
As a further technical scheme, an extension pipeline is arranged on the side of the pipeline, and both the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged in the extension pipeline.
As a further technical scheme, the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged along the axial direction of the extension pipeline.
As a further technical solution, the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are fixed to the end of the extension pipe by flanges.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for measuring the concentration of the non-condensable gas in the gas-liquid two-phase system on line, which comprises the following steps:
the saturated steam temperature T in the pipeline is measured according to the temperature sensor, and the saturated pressure Pvapor of the pipeline is calculated;
measuring the total absolute pressure P0-saturation pressure Pvapor of the pipeline by an absolute pressure sensor to obtain the partial pressure Pair of the non-condensable gas, and then calculating to obtain the volume concentration C of the non-condensable gas;
by utilizing an ideal gas state equation, the partial pressure Pa _ std of the non-condensable gas in the standard state and the volume concentration C' of the non-condensable gas in the standard state can be obtained;
and taking the partial pressure of the non-condensable gas in a standard state as a set value, comparing the partial pressure Pair of the non-condensable gas with the set value, and maintaining the pipeline if the partial pressure Pair of the non-condensable gas is higher than the set value.
As a further technical scheme, firstly, according to a Claebranus-Clausius equation, calculating a saturated pressure Pvapor by using a saturated steam temperature T, and subtracting the saturated pressure Pvapor from a total absolute pressure P0 to obtain a partial pressure Pair of non-condensable gas;
then, the volume concentration C of the non-condensable gas is calculated by using a Dalton partial pressure law and is as follows:
C＝Pair/P0*100％。
as a further technical scheme, according to the saturated steam temperature T and the partial pressure Pair of the non-condensable gas, the partial pressure Pa _ std of the non-condensable gas in the standard state is obtained by using an ideal gas state equation:
Pa_std＝(273.15+20)/(273.15+T)*Pair；
and then calculating by using a Dalton partial pressure law to obtain the volume concentration C' of the non-condensable gas under the standard state:
C＇＝Pa_std/P0*100％。
the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of saturated steam, the absolute pressure sensor is used for measuring the total absolute pressure value of a gas-liquid two-phase system, the absolute pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the microprocessor are matched together, the partial pressure and the volume concentration of the non-condensable gas can be calculated by using the total pressure of the steam in the pipeline and the steam temperature, the sensor is used without extracting working media, the on-line measurement can be directly carried out in the pipeline or a container, the operation is more convenient, and the precision is higher.
The absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are both vertically inserted into the pipeline along the pipeline wall, and the insertion depth is the radius of the pipeline, so that the influence of the pipeline wall on the measurement of static pressure and saturated steam temperature can be reduced, and the accuracy of measured data is ensured.
The absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged in parallel along the radial direction of the pipeline and are tightly attached, so that the data measured by the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are data at the same position as much as possible, and the reliability of the data is ensured.
According to the invention, the temperature sensor is arranged on one side close to the incoming flow direction of the working medium fluid, and the temperature sensor is closer to the incoming flow direction than the absolute pressure sensor, so that the heat exchange coefficient between the temperature sensor and the working medium fluid is as large as possible, the influence of the absolute pressure sensor can be avoided, the temperature sensor can react sensitively to the change of the fluid temperature, and the accuracy of the measured data is further ensured.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an apparatus for on-line measurement of the concentration of a non-condensable gas in a gas-liquid two-phase system according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
in the figure: the mutual spacing or size is exaggerated to show the position of each part, and the schematic diagram is only used for illustration;
wherein, 1, a pipeline; 2. an absolute pressure sensor; 3. a temperature sensor; 4. a microprocessor; 5. a flange; 6. and a data line.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
As introduced by the background technology, the device for measuring the concentration of the non-condensable gas in the gas-liquid two-phase flow system at present has the problems that working media cannot be extracted due to the fact that the interior of the loop heat pipe system is under negative pressure when the loop heat pipe system is not put into use, forced extraction can affect the gas-liquid interface of the loop heat pipe, online measurement cannot be carried out, the method for measuring the outlet temperature of a condenser cannot carry out accurate measurement, and the like.
Example 1
In a typical embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, there is provided an apparatus for online measurement of a non-condensable gas concentration in a gas-liquid two-phase system, which can be used in a case where a fluid in a pipe is saturated steam and the content of the non-condensable gas in the steam needs to be detected, the apparatus including: an absolute pressure sensor 2, a temperature sensor 3, and a microprocessor 4.
The liquid phase can be any liquid, and the gas phase can be any non-condensable gas.
The absolute pressure sensor 2 and the temperature sensor 3 are respectively connected with the microprocessor 4 through data lines 6, so that measured data are transmitted to the microprocessor 4 through the data lines 6, and the microprocessor 4 processes and calculates the obtained data.
The absolute pressure sensor 2 is mainly used for measuring the static pressure at the position of a measuring point arranged in the pipeline or the container, and the measured static pressure is the total absolute pressure in the pipeline or the container.
The temperature sensor 3 is mainly used for measuring the temperature of a position of a measuring point arranged in the pipeline or the container, the measured temperature is the temperature of saturated steam in the pipeline or the container, and the microprocessor 4 can calculate the saturation pressure of the steam according to the received temperature of the saturated steam.
In this embodiment, the temperature sensor 3 is a thermal resistance temperature sensor, and in other embodiments, other types of temperature sensors such as a thermocouple may also be used, which is not limited herein.
Absolute pressure sensor 2 and temperature sensor 3 all insert the pipeline 1 perpendicularly to the pipeline wall in, come the static pressure and the saturated steam temperature of the fluid in the measurement pipeline, and the depth of insertion equals the radius length of pipeline, can reduce the pipeline wall like this and face the influence of static pressure and saturated steam temperature measurement, guarantee to measure the accuracy of data.
Specifically, the absolute pressure sensor 2 and the temperature sensor 3 are arranged in parallel along the radial direction of the pipeline 1 and are tightly attached to each other, the flange 5 is used for fixing the position after the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are inserted into the pipeline, and the temperature sensor 3 is positioned on one side close to the incoming flow direction of working fluid.
The absolute pressure sensor 2 and the temperature sensor 3 are both arranged perpendicular to the incoming flow direction in the pipeline 1; when the pipeline is specifically arranged, an extension pipeline can be arranged on the side portion of the pipeline 1, the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged in the extension pipeline and are arranged along the axial direction of the extension pipeline, and the flange is fixed at the end portion of the extension pipeline. The absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor extend to a position with a half diameter in the pipeline 1 from the extension pipeline.
The absolute pressure sensor 2 and the temperature sensor 3 are arranged in a close fit manner, so that the data measured by the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are data at the same position as much as possible, and the reliability of the data is ensured; the temperature sensor 3 is closer to the incoming flow direction than the absolute pressure sensor 2, so that the heat exchange coefficient between the temperature sensor 3 and the working fluid is as large as possible, the influence of the absolute pressure sensor 2 can be avoided, the temperature sensor 2 reacts more sensitively to the change of the fluid temperature, and the accuracy of measuring data is further ensured.
It is understood that, in other embodiments, the absolute pressure sensor 2 and the temperature sensor 3 may be connected to the pipe by threads, welding, or grooves, as long as the sensor positions can be fixed, which is not limited herein.
The microprocessor 4 is mainly used for receiving the static pressure and saturated steam temperature data transmitted by the absolute pressure sensor 2 and the temperature sensor 3, processing the received data and calculating the data.
The microprocessor 4 stores data points on a saturated vapor pressure curve of the working medium, the data between the points are obtained by linear calculation, so that the saturated vapor pressure of the working medium is obtained, the microprocessor 4 can also calculate a piecewise linear saturated vapor pressure line by using the saturated vapor pressure data, and the microprocessor 4 can also modify the saturated vapor pressure data stored in the microprocessor.
The microprocessor 4 calculates the saturated vapor pressure of the working medium in the pipeline or the container of the system to be measured by using the data measured by the temperature sensor 3 and the saturated vapor pressure line.
Further, the microprocessor 4 can calculate the partial pressure and concentration of the non-condensable gas in the pipeline or the container of the system to be measured by using the data measured by the absolute pressure sensor 2 and the calculated saturated vapor pressure of the working medium in the pipeline or the container of the system to be measured.
In this embodiment, the microprocessor 4 includes a digital display recorder, and the digital display recorder is mainly used for recording and externally presenting the operation result of the microprocessor 4.
Specifically, the digital display recorder can display time, the temperature of working media in a pipeline or a container of a system to be tested, the total pressure of steam, saturated vapor pressure, the pressure of non-condensable gas and the concentration of the non-condensable gas; and can record, transmit data to the outside in real time, can derive the data already stored.
The digital display recorder can also be used as an interface to modify the saturated vapor pressure curve of the working medium in the microprocessor 4 and the setting of related display and hardware.
Through absolute pressure sensor 2, temperature sensor 3 and microprocessor 4's cooperation jointly, utilize total pressure and the temperature of steam in pipeline 1 can calculate the partial pressure and the volume concentration of non-condensable gas, the use of sensor need not to carry out the extraction of working medium, can directly measure in pipeline or container, and it is more convenient to operate, and the precision is higher.
Example 2
In another exemplary embodiment of the present application, a method for online measuring a concentration of a non-condensable gas in a gas-liquid two-phase system is provided, where the measuring apparatus described in embodiment 1 is used, and the method specifically includes:
in a gas-liquid two-phase system, when the liquid phase does not evaporate any more at a certain temperature, the gas-liquid two-phase system reaches phase equilibrium, and the system is said to reach a "saturated state", and the pressure in the state is the "saturated pressure".
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the absolute pressure sensor 2 is used to measure the total absolute pressure (hereinafter referred to as total pressure) of the working medium in the pipeline 1 or the container, and the total pressure P0 is composed of two parts: the saturation pressure of the vapor Pvapor and the partial pressure of the non-condensable gas Pair; the measurement value of the temperature sensor 3 is the saturated vapor temperature T.
The microprocessor 4 can calculate the partial pressure Pair of the non-condensable gases and the volume concentration C of the non-condensable gases at the temperature T by using the total pressure P0 measured by the absolute pressure sensor 2 and the temperature T of the vapor measured by the temperature sensor 3.
Firstly, according to a Claberlon-Clausis equation, a saturated pressure Pvapor can be calculated by utilizing the temperature T of saturated steam, and the partial pressure Pair of non-condensable gas can be obtained by subtracting the saturated pressure Pvapor from the total pressure P0;
then, the volume concentration C of the non-condensable gas can be calculated by using a Dalton partial pressure law as follows:
C＝Pair/P0*100％ (1)
for the same working medium, the saturation pressures at different temperatures are different, i.e. one temperature corresponds to one saturation pressure.
Further, by using the ideal gas state equation, the partial pressure Pa _ std of the non-condensable gas in the standard state can be obtained:
Pa_std＝(273.15+20)/(273.15+T)*Pair (2)
then, the volume concentration C' of the non-condensable gas under the standard state can be calculated by utilizing the Dalton partial pressure law:
C＇＝Pa_std/P0*100％ (3)
the larger the non-condensable gas is, the stronger the adverse effect on the heat exchange of the two-phase loop system is, and in order to ensure the heat exchange performance of the two-phase loop, the content of the non-condensable gas cannot exceed a certain limit value;
according to the scheme, the actual measurement of partial pressure of non-condensable gas is calculated through the actual measurement of pressure and the calculation of saturated pressure of water vapor according to temperature T, the ideal gas state equation is used for calculating the partial pressure of the non-condensable gas in the standard state, the content of the non-condensable gas in the two-phase loop system can be quantitatively determined, the partial pressure of the non-condensable gas in the standard state is used as a set value, and data obtained twice are compared, so that operation and maintenance are not needed if the content of the non-condensable gas is lower than the set value, and maintenance operations such as vacuumizing of a pipeline are needed if the content of the non-condensable gas is higher than the set value.
For example: for the air-water system, the content of non-condensable gases at various temperatures at a total pressure of P0 of 0.1MPa is shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 content of non-condensable gases at different temperatures in an air-water system at a total pressure of 0.1MPa
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for on-line measuring the concentration of non-condensable gas in a gas-liquid two-phase system is characterized by comprising an absolute pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, wherein the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are both inserted into a pipeline in a way of being vertical to the wall of the pipeline, and the insertion depth of the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor is equal to the radius length of the pipeline; the absolute pressure sensor measures the total absolute pressure of the pipeline, the temperature sensor measures the temperature of saturated steam in the pipeline, the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are both connected with the microprocessor, the microprocessor calculates the saturated steam pressure according to the saturated steam temperature, and then calculates the partial pressure and the concentration of non-condensable gas in the pipeline according to the total absolute pressure of the pipeline.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the microprocessor calculates the saturated vapor pressure of the working medium in the pipeline using the data measured by the temperature sensor and the saturated vapor pressure line.
3. The apparatus for on-line measurement of non-condensable gas concentration in a gas-liquid two-phase system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged in parallel and closely attached to each other in a radial direction of the pipeline.
4. The apparatus for on-line measurement of non-condensable gas concentration in a gas-liquid two-phase system according to claim 3, wherein the temperature sensor is located at a side close to an incoming flow direction of the working fluid.
5. The apparatus for on-line measurement of non-condensable gas in a gas-liquid two-phase system as claimed in claim 1, wherein an extension pipe is provided at a side of the pipe, and the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are provided in the extension pipe.
6. The apparatus for on-line measurement of non-condensable gas in a gas-liquid two-phase system according to claim 5, wherein the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are disposed along an axial direction of the extension pipe.
7. The apparatus for on-line measurement of non-condensable gas concentration in a gas-liquid two-phase system according to claim 5, wherein the absolute pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are fixed to the end of the extension pipe by flanges.
8. The method for measuring the concentration of the non-condensable gas in the gas-liquid two-phase system on line by using the device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
measuring the temperature T of saturated steam in the pipeline according to the temperature sensor, and calculating the saturation pressure Pvapor of the pipeline;
measuring the total absolute pressure P0-saturation pressure Pvapor of the pipeline by an absolute pressure sensor to obtain the partial pressure Pair of the non-condensable gas, and then calculating to obtain the volume concentration C of the non-condensable gas;
by utilizing an ideal gas state equation, the partial pressure Pa _ std of the non-condensable gas in the standard state and the volume concentration C' of the non-condensable gas in the standard state can be obtained;
and taking the partial pressure of the non-condensable gas in a standard state as a set value, comparing the partial pressure Pair of the non-condensable gas with the set value, and maintaining the pipeline if the partial pressure Pair of the non-condensable gas is higher than the set value.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the saturated pressure Pvapor is calculated by using the saturated steam temperature T according to the Clapsilon-Clausius equation, and the saturated pressure Pvapor is subtracted from the total absolute pressure P0 to obtain the partial pressure Pair of the non-condensable gas;
then, the volume concentration C of the non-condensable gas is calculated by using a Dalton partial pressure law and is as follows:
C＝Pair/P0*100％。
10. the measurement method according to claim 8, wherein the partial pressure Pa _ std of the non-condensable gas in the standard state is obtained from the saturated steam temperature T and the partial pressure Pair of the non-condensable gas by using an ideal gas state equation:
Pa_std＝(273.15+20)/(273.15+T)*Pair；
and then calculating by using a Dalton partial pressure law to obtain the volume concentration C' of the non-condensable gas under the standard state:
C＇＝Pa_std/P0*100％。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117547843A (en) * | 2024-01-12 | 2024-02-13 | 河北绿鸿环保科技有限公司 | Comprehensive utilization method and system for strong brine and sintering machine head ash |
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| CN117547843A (en) * | 2024-01-12 | 2024-02-13 | 河北绿鸿环保科技有限公司 | Comprehensive utilization method and system for strong brine and sintering machine head ash |
| CN117547843B (en) * | 2024-01-12 | 2024-03-15 | 河北绿鸿环保科技有限公司 | Comprehensive utilization method and system for strong brine and sintering machine head ash |
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