CN114812622A - A High-Sensitivity Circuit Based on Third-Order Exception Points - Google Patents

A High-Sensitivity Circuit Based on Third-Order Exception Points Download PDF

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CN114812622A
CN114812622A CN202210548850.XA CN202210548850A CN114812622A CN 114812622 A CN114812622 A CN 114812622A CN 202210548850 A CN202210548850 A CN 202210548850A CN 114812622 A CN114812622 A CN 114812622A
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王侍川
曹云姗
严鹏
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Abstract

本发明属于电子电路技术领域,具体涉及一种基于三阶例外点的高灵敏电路。本发明的电路模型为具有anti‑PT对称性的电路,包括第一单元、第二单元和第三单元,每个单元由电感、电阻、电容并联构成,第一单元和第二单元、第二单元和第三单元之间通过电阻连接,然后基于三阶例外进行电路参数的配置,从而得到高灵敏电路。本发明通过三个单元之间不同的耦合方式,有线和无线传感器都可以设计,表现出超灵敏的响应和超高分辨率,可根据在异常点上的非厄米简并会产生对外部扰动的非线性响应,来提高灵敏度。

Figure 202210548850

The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic circuits, and in particular relates to a high-sensitivity circuit based on third-order exception points. The circuit model of the present invention is a circuit with anti-PT symmetry, including a first unit, a second unit and a third unit, each unit is composed of an inductor, a resistor and a capacitor in parallel, the first unit and the second unit, the second unit The unit and the third unit are connected through a resistor, and then the circuit parameters are configured based on the third-order exception, so as to obtain a highly sensitive circuit. Through the different coupling modes between the three units, both wired and wireless sensors can be designed, showing ultra-sensitive response and ultra-high resolution, and can generate external disturbances according to the non-Hermitian degeneracy at abnormal points. nonlinear response to improve sensitivity.

Figure 202210548850

Description

一种基于三阶例外点的高灵敏电路A High-Sensitivity Circuit Based on Third-Order Exception Points

技术领域technical field

本发明属于电子电路技术领域,具体涉及一种基于三阶例外点的高灵敏电路。The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic circuits, and in particular relates to a high-sensitivity circuit based on a third-order exception point.

背景技术Background technique

近几十年来,高灵敏度、高质量因子的传感器由于其广泛的应用,在卫生检验、环境监测等领域受到了广泛的关注。In recent decades, sensors with high sensitivity and high quality factor have received extensive attention in the fields of hygiene inspection and environmental monitoring due to their wide range of applications.

传感器是一种检测装置,能感受到被测量的信息,并能将感受到的信息,按一定规律变换成为电信号或其他所需形式的信息输出,以满足信息的传输、处理、存储、显示、记录和控制等要求。1967年,C.Collins基于电感(L)和电容(C)谐振电路实现了第一个紧凑型无源无线传感器。随着技术的发展,基于无源LC振荡电路的无线传感器越来越受欢迎,可用于测量压力、温度、化学反应等。A sensor is a detection device that can sense the measured information, and can transform the sensed information into electrical signals or other required forms of information output according to certain rules, so as to meet the requirements of information transmission, processing, storage and display. , recording and control requirements. In 1967, C. Collins realized the first compact passive wireless sensor based on inductive (L) and capacitive (C) resonant circuits. With the development of technology, wireless sensors based on passive LC oscillator circuits are becoming more and more popular and can be used to measure pressure, temperature, chemical reaction, etc.

奇偶时间(PT)对称系统是一类非厄米哈密顿系统,它在奇偶算子P和时间反转算子T的联合作用下是对称的,由于有趣的基本性质和有前途的应用,它得到了大量的关注。在量子力学、光学、电子电路和磁系统等许多领域中研究了此系统。PT对称非厄米哈密顿量可以表现出全实数的谐波和自发的对称的破缺,伴随着在例外点(EP)的实数与复数同时存在的谐波相变。EP是参数空间中的波谱奇异点,其中两个或更多的特征值及其对应的特征向量被同时合并。在EP附近,本征频率差服从外部扰动的1/N次幂指数关系,其中N是EP的阶数,即有合并的特征值个数为N,此理论在光学和电子电路中通过实验验证。而anti-PT对称系统与PT对称系统的关系为哈密顿量HAPT=±iHPT,因此设计一个高阶EP来提高传感器灵敏度是一条可行途径。Parity-time (PT) symmetric systems are a class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems that are symmetric under the joint action of the parity operator P and the time-reversal operator T. Due to interesting fundamental properties and promising applications, it is got a lot of attention. This system has been studied in many fields such as quantum mechanics, optics, electronic circuits and magnetic systems. The PT-symmetric non-Hermitian Hamiltonian can exhibit full real harmonics and spontaneous symmetry breaking, with simultaneous harmonic phase transitions at the exception point (EP) for both real and complex numbers. EPs are spectral singularities in parameter space where two or more eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors are merged simultaneously. Near the EP, the eigenfrequency difference obeys the 1/N power exponential relationship of the external disturbance, where N is the order of the EP, that is, the number of merged eigenvalues is N. This theory is experimentally verified in optical and electronic circuits. . The relationship between the anti-PT symmetric system and the PT symmetric system is Hamiltonian H APT =±iH PT , so it is a feasible way to design a high-order EP to improve the sensitivity of the sensor.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的,是利用EP3(三阶例外)附近的特性设计传感器,即高灵敏电路,主要为:先构建一个具有anti-PT对称性的电路系统模型,然后利用基尔霍夫电流电压定律构建出电路模型的方程,基于三阶例外点,利用盛金公式求解特征值方程,得到电路的参数。The purpose of the present invention is to use the characteristics near EP3 (third-order exception) to design a sensor, that is, a high-sensitivity circuit, mainly as follows: first construct a circuit system model with anti-PT symmetry, and then use Kirchhoff's current-voltage law The equation of the circuit model is constructed, and based on the third-order exception point, the eigenvalue equation is solved by Shengjin's formula, and the parameters of the circuit are obtained.

本发明的技术方案是:The technical scheme of the present invention is:

一种基于三阶例外点的高灵敏电路,如图1所示,包括第一单元、第二单元和第三单元,其中第一单元由并联的第一电感L1、第一电阻R1、第一电容C1构成,第二单元由并联的第二电感L2、第二电阻R2、第二电容C2构成,第三单元由并联的第三电感L3、第三电阻R3和第三电容C3构成;第一单元的一端通过第四电阻R4接第二单元的一端,第二单元的一端通过第五电阻R5接第三单元的一端,第一单元的另一端、第二单元的另一端和第三单元的另一端均接地;定义第一单元一端的电压为V1,第二单元一端的电压为V2,第三单元一端的电压为V3,电路中元件参数的设计方法为:A high-sensitivity circuit based on third-order exception points, as shown in FIG. 1, includes a first unit, a second unit and a third unit, wherein the first unit consists of a first inductor L 1 , a first resistor R 1 , The first capacitor C 1 is formed, the second unit is formed by the parallel connection of the second inductor L 2 , the second resistor R 2 , the second capacitor C 2 , and the third unit is formed by the parallel connection of the third inductor L 3 , the third resistor R 3 and The third capacitor C3 is formed; one end of the first unit is connected to one end of the second unit through the fourth resistor R4, one end of the second unit is connected to one end of the third unit through the fifth resistor R5, the other end of the first unit, The other end of the second unit and the other end of the third unit are both grounded; the voltage at one end of the first unit is defined as V 1 , the voltage at one end of the second unit is V 2 , and the voltage at one end of the third unit is V 3 . The design method of parameters is:

建立电路方程:Build the circuit equation:

Figure BDA0003653610590000021
Figure BDA0003653610590000021

定义R=R1=R3=R4=R5=2R2,C=C1=C2=C3

Figure BDA0003653610590000022
ωn=(LnC)-0.5,Vn=Vn*exp(-iωt),n=1、2、3,可得:Definition R=R1 = R3 =R4= R5 = 2R2 , C= C1 = C2 = C3 ,
Figure BDA0003653610590000022
ω n =(L n C) -0.5 , Vn=Vn*exp(-iωt), n=1, 2, 3, we can get:

Figure BDA0003653610590000023
Figure BDA0003653610590000023

Figure BDA0003653610590000024
的行列式为零,得:because
Figure BDA0003653610590000024
The determinant of is zero, we get:

6+bω4+cω2+d=06 +bω 4 +cω 2 +d=0

其中,a=-1,b=ω1 22 23 2-2α2,c=α2ω1 22ω3 21 2ω2 21 2ω3 22 2ω3 2,d=ω1 2ω2 2ω3 2;令ω=ω2,并且将条件ω1 23 2=2ω2 2代入方程中化简可得:where a=-1, b=ω 1 22 23 2 -2α 2 , c=α 2 ω 1 22 ω 3 21 2 ω 2 21 2 ω 3 22 2 ω 3 2 , d=ω 1 2 ω 2 2 ω 3 2 ; let ω=ω 2 , and substitute the condition ω 1 23 2 =2ω 2 2 into the equation to simplify:

3+bω2+cω+d=03 +bω 2 +cω+d=0

其中,a=-1,b=3ω2 2-2α2,c=2α2ω2 2-2ω2 4-2ω2 2ω3 23 4,d=2ω2 4ω3 22 2ω3 4where a=-1, b=3ω 2 2 -2α 2 , c=2α 2 ω 2 2 -2ω 2 4 -2ω 2 2 ω 3 23 4 , d=2ω 2 4 ω 3 22 2 ω 3 4 ;

基于三阶例外点对方程求解,具体为:三阶例外点是指三次方程有三重根,表示有三个特征频率重合,首先确定R、C、L2的参数,然后通过盛金公式求解一元三次方程,利用重根判别式A=B=0,其中A=b2-3ac,B=bc-9ad,从而得到L3参数,通过条件ω1 23 2=2ω2 2,获得电路中L1的参数,此时得到处在三阶例外点下的所有元件参数。Solve the equation based on the third-order exception point, specifically: the third-order exception point means that the cubic equation has triple roots, indicating that there are three eigenfrequencies coincident, first determine the parameters of R, C, L 2 , and then solve the one-dimensional cubic by the Shengjin formula Equation, using the multiple root discriminant A=B=0, where A=b 2 -3ac, B=bc-9ad, to obtain the L 3 parameter, through the condition ω 1 23 2 =2ω 2 2 , obtain the L in the circuit 1 parameter, all the component parameters under the third-order exception point are obtained at this time.

本发明的有益效果为,通过三个单元之间不同的耦合方式,有线和无线传感器都可以设计,表现出超灵敏的响应和超高分辨率,可根据在异常点上的非厄米简并会产生对外部扰动的非线性响应,来提高灵敏度。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that, through different coupling modes between the three units, both wired and wireless sensors can be designed, showing ultra-sensitive response and ultra-high resolution, and can be based on non-Hermitian degeneracy at abnormal points. A nonlinear response to external perturbations is generated to improve sensitivity.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明的电路结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the present invention.

图2是实施例中本征值的演化图。FIG. 2 is an evolution diagram of eigenvalues in the embodiment.

图3是实施例中拟合直线示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fitted straight line in the embodiment.

图4是实施例中本征频率实部演化图。FIG. 4 is an evolution diagram of the real part of the eigenfrequency in the embodiment.

图5是实施例中相对误差随电阻变化趋势图。FIG. 5 is a trend diagram of relative error versus resistance in the embodiment.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行详细的描述。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

实施例Example

本实施例是用于对本发明内容中方案的验证,令R=20000Ω,C=47nF,L2=1mH,通过条件ω1 23 2=2ω2 2,变化L1和L3,可以得到本征值的演化图如图2,其中实线是本征值的实部演化,虚线是本征值的虚部演化,点是EP3。取EP3点处的参数L1≈989.913uH,L2=1mH,L3≈1.01mH,R=20000Ω,C=47nF,在这组参数下电路系统处于异常点处,在R2电阻上施加微扰,令

Figure BDA0003653610590000031
其中
Figure BDA0003653610590000032
计算ΔR从0增大到50欧姆,Δω=(ω12)的变化,通过对理论数据进行拟合,得到了lgΔω=0.3326lg-δ+2.862的拟合直线如图3,可以得到Δω∝δ1/3,在扰动下的本征频率实部演化图4。可见在此电路下实现的三阶EP,使得在EP3处发生微扰时都能使得特征频率以1/3指数形式劈裂,优于传统的二阶EP电路。This embodiment is used to verify the solution in the content of the present invention, let R= 20000Ω , C = 47nF, L2 = 1mH , through the condition ω12 + ω32 = 2ω22 , change L1 and L3, it can be The evolution diagram of the obtained eigenvalues is shown in Figure 2, in which the solid line is the real part evolution of the eigenvalues, the dotted line is the imaginary part evolution of the eigenvalues, and the point is EP3. Take the parameters at EP3: L 1 ≈ 989.913uH, L 2 =1mH, L 3 ≈ 1.01mH, R = 20000Ω, C = 47nF, under this set of parameters, the circuit system is at an abnormal point, and a micrometer is applied to the R 2 resistance. disturb, order
Figure BDA0003653610590000031
in
Figure BDA0003653610590000032
Calculate the change of ΔR from 0 to 50 ohms, Δω=(ω 12 ). By fitting the theoretical data, the fitted straight line of lgΔω=0.3326lg-δ+2.862 is obtained as shown in Figure 3, it can be obtained Δω∝δ 1/3 , the real part evolution of the eigenfrequency under perturbation Fig. 4. It can be seen that the third-order EP realized under this circuit can make the characteristic frequency split in the form of 1/3 exponential when the perturbation occurs at EP3, which is better than the traditional second-order EP circuit.

考虑到不同电阻大小的系统下的EP3,通过理论发现其随着电阻的增大,EP3点处的相对误差越小,其相对误差随电阻变化趋势如图5。但由于条件ω1 23 2=2ω2 2,本征值演化是以ω2 2为中心对称的,所以随着R的增大其特征根演化的虚部区域将变窄。因此在相对误差较小的情况下,选择合适的电阻值,可以实现EP3用来增强系统的灵敏度。Considering the EP3 in systems with different resistance sizes, it is theoretically found that as the resistance increases, the relative error at the EP3 point is smaller, and the relative error changes with the resistance as shown in Figure 5. However, due to the condition of ω 1 23 2 =2ω 2 2 , the eigenvalue evolution is symmetric with ω 2 2 as the center, so as R increases, the imaginary part region of the eigenvalue evolution will become narrower. Therefore, when the relative error is small, choosing an appropriate resistance value can realize EP3 to enhance the sensitivity of the system.

Claims (1)

1. A high-sensitivity circuit based on three-order exception points is characterized by comprising a first unit, a second unit and a third unit, wherein the first unit is composed of a first inductor L connected in parallel 1 A first resistor R 1 A first capacitor C 1 The second unit is composed of a second inductor L connected in parallel 2 A second resistor R 2 A second capacitor C 2 The third unit is composed of a third inductor L connected in parallel 3 A third resistor R 3 And a third capacitance C 3 Forming; one end of the first unit passes through a fourth resistor R 4 One end of the second unit is connected with one end of the second unit through a fifth resistor R 5 The other end of the first unit, the other end of the second unit and the other end of the third unit are all grounded; defining the voltage at one end of the first unit as V 1 The voltage at one end of the second unit is V 2 The voltage at one end of the third unit is V 3 The design method of the element parameters in the circuit comprises the following steps:
establishing a circuit equation:
Figure FDA0003653610580000011
definition of R ═ R 1 =R 3 =R 4 =R 5 =2R 2 ,C=C 1 =C2=C 3
Figure FDA0003653610580000012
ω n =(L n C) -0.5 Where Vn is Vn x exp (-i ω t), n is 1, 2, 3, we can obtain:
Figure FDA0003653610580000013
due to the fact that
Figure FDA0003653610580000014
The determinant of (a) is zero, and the following result is obtained:
6 +bω 4 +cω 2 +d=0
wherein a is-1, b is omega 1 22 23 2 -2α 2 ,c=α 2 ω 1 22 ω 3 21 2 ω 2 21 2 ω 3 22 2 ω 3 2 ,d=ω 1 2 ω 2 2 ω 3 2 (ii) a Let omega become omega 2 And the condition ω is set 1 23 2 =2ω 2 2 The substitution equation is simplified to obtain:
3 +bω 2 +cω+d=0
wherein a is-1, b is 3 omega 2 2 -2α 2 ,c=2α 2 ω 2 2 -2ω 2 4 -2ω 2 2 ω 3 23 4 ,d=2ω 2 4 ω 3 22 2 ω 3 4
Solving an equation based on the third-order exception point pairs, specifically: the third-order example exterior point means that the cubic equation has triple roots, which indicates that three characteristic frequencies are coincided, firstly R, C, L is determined 2 The parameter(s) is obtained by solving a simple cubic equation through a prime equation and utilizing a multiple root discriminant formula of A ═ B ═ 0, wherein A ═ B 2 -3ac, B ═ bc-9ad, giving L 3 By the condition ω 1 23 2 =2ω 2 2 Obtaining L in the circuit 1 Is thereby obtained atAll component parameters at the third order exception point.
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