CN114810424B - Engine active cooling concave cavity structure based on spray cooling - Google Patents
Engine active cooling concave cavity structure based on spray cooling Download PDFInfo
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- CN114810424B CN114810424B CN202210473407.0A CN202210473407A CN114810424B CN 114810424 B CN114810424 B CN 114810424B CN 202210473407 A CN202210473407 A CN 202210473407A CN 114810424 B CN114810424 B CN 114810424B
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- cooling
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- coolant
- concave cavity
- engine
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005686 electrostatic field Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 108091053398 TRIM/RBCC family Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000011408 Tripartite Motif Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 208000008454 Hyperhidrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000013460 sweaty Diseases 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
- F02K9/42—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof using liquid or gaseous propellants
- F02K9/60—Constructional parts; Details not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K7/00—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof
- F02K7/10—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof characterised by having ram-action compression, i.e. aero-thermo-dynamic-ducts or ram-jet engines
- F02K7/18—Composite ram-jet/rocket engines
Abstract
The invention discloses an engine active cooling concave cavity structure based on spray cooling, which comprises the following components: the engine throat, it is the column cavity, encloses by double-deck casing and becomes, forms the cavity structure between double-deck casing, and wherein, the middle part of outer casing is protruding to the outside, and the cavity that forms is: the front end and the rear end are slit-shaped, and the middle part is an outwards-expanded concave cavity; a plurality of atomizing nozzles are arranged on the outer shell at intervals along the circumferential direction and positioned at the cavity, and each atomizing nozzle is perpendicular to the wall surface of the outer shell at the position; the atomizing nozzles are used for spraying the coolant onto the inner layer shell in the concave cavity and cover the whole inner layer shell wall surface, and the coolant sprayed by the adjacent atomizing nozzles has no overlapping area on the inner layer shell wall surface; each atomizing nozzle is connected to the same pole of a high voltage power supply for providing an electrical charge to the injected coolant. The rocket engine throat concave cavity structure is adopted, and a spray cooling method is adopted, so that the cooling is more uniform, and the coolant distribution is optimized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat transfer and flow, and particularly relates to an engine throat with an active cooling concave cavity structure.
Background
The stability and reusability of engine propulsion systems place high demands on their thermal protection. The conventional active cooling mode of the rocket engine comprises the following steps: regenerative cooling, film cooling, sweat cooling, and impingement cooling. For the ejection rocket in the RBCC engine, regenerative cooling is adopted under the ejection mode, and the heat flux density of the throat part is usually 10MW/m 2 ～100MW/m 2 Single regenerative cooling is difficult to meet thermal protection requirements; the film is effective in reducing wall temperature, however, the film cooling efficiency and the length of the covered wall are effective for coolant flowThe requirements are high, and part of fuel for liquid film cooling cannot participate in combustion, so that the thrust performance of the engine is reduced; sweaty cooling is in fact a limiting form of film cooling, again increasing thrust losses. For impingement cooling, the defects still exist, the heat exchange is uneven, and the cooled surface has a larger temperature gradient; coolant distribution is uneven, which can affect the uniformity of engine case cooling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of the prior art, and provides an engine active cooling concave cavity structure based on spray cooling, which adopts a rocket engine throat concave cavity structure and adopts a spray cooling method to ensure that cooling is more uniform and coolant distribution is optimized.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the engine active cooling concave cavity structure based on spray cooling comprises: the engine throat, it is the column cavity, encloses by double-deck casing and becomes, forms the cavity structure between double-deck casing, and wherein, the middle part of outer casing is protruding to the outside, and the cavity that forms is: the front end and the rear end are slit-shaped, and the middle part is an outwards-expanded concave cavity;
the front end of the throat part of the engine is used for being connected with the combustion chamber, and the concave cavity is communicated with the cooling cavity of the combustion chamber; the rear end of the throat part of the engine is connected with the spray pipe, and the concave cavity is communicated with the cooling cavity of the spray pipe;
a plurality of atomizing nozzles are arranged on the outer shell at the concave cavity at intervals along the circumferential direction, and each atomizing nozzle is perpendicular to the wall surface of the outer shell at the position; the atomizing nozzles are used for spraying the coolant onto the inner layer shell in the concave cavity and cover the whole inner layer shell wall surface, and the coolant sprayed by the adjacent atomizing nozzles has no overlapping area on the inner layer shell wall surface;
each atomizing nozzle is connected to the same pole of a high voltage power supply for providing an electrical charge to the injected coolant.
Further, the height H of the concave cavity is 1-2 times of the radius R of the throat part; the top length of the concave cavity is L,
further, the number of the atomizing nozzles is six, and the atomizing nozzles are distributed at equal intervals.
The invention also discloses a working mode of the engine active cooling concave cavity structure based on spray cooling, which is characterized in that the working mode is as follows: the coolant is injected into each atomizing nozzle in equal quantity on average, a high-voltage power supply is turned on, an electrostatic field is formed in the concave cavity, the coolant is broken into tiny liquid drops under the action of the electrostatic field, the tiny liquid drops carry the same charges and repel each other, the tiny liquid drops are broken again and strike the inner shell of the concave cavity, and the throat high heat flow area is cooled through heat convection and phase change heat absorption.
The invention has the following advantages: 1. the spray cooling has a certain atomization angle, the area of the coolant impacting the wall surface is larger, and the speed is relatively uniform. The high-speed liquid drops directly impact the hot surface, so that the turbulence degree in the whole throat cooling interlayer is increased, the specific surface area of the coolant in spray cooling is larger, the heat exchange area of the fluid is increased, the heat exchange between the inside of the fluid is enhanced due to the circumferential multi-nozzle structure, the temperature gradient in the fluid is reduced, the convection heat exchange coefficient of the coolant and the wall surface is increased, and the heat exchange effect is enhanced; and effectively solves the problem of uneven secondary distribution of the coolant flow. 2. Under the action of electrostatic force, the secondary cooling in the atomization process does not need the action of pneumatic force any more, and the number of sprayed Weber is indirectly increased, so that the atomization characteristic is enhanced, the specific surface area of the coolant is increased, and the speed is more uniform. 3. The coolant has the same charge, the coolant is atomized under the action of an electrostatic field formed by the nozzle and the hot surface, the atomized liquid drops have the same charge, and the repulsive force improves the atomization efficiency and further improves the cooling performance. In addition, the electrostatic force enables the coolant to be adsorbed on the hot surface more easily, the heat exchange mass flux is enhanced, and the heat exchange is enhanced. 3. The method can effectively solve the problem that the coolant of the RBCC engine cannot be atomized in a high-altitude lean air environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an engine based on spray cooling according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an engine active cooling cavity structure based on spray cooling in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the spray-cooled engine active cooling cavity structure of the present invention with a high voltage electrostatic power supply connected thereto;
fig. 4 is a schematic view showing an arrangement structure of an atomizing nozzle in a throat of an engine.
Wherein: 1. an engine throat; 1-1, an outer shell; 1-2, an inner shell; 2. an atomizing nozzle; 3. a high voltage power supply; 4. a combustion chamber; 5. a spray pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses an engine active cooling concave cavity structure based on spray cooling, which is shown in fig. 1 and 2, and comprises the following components: the engine throat 1 is a columnar cavity and is surrounded by double-layer shells, a cavity structure is formed between the double-layer shells, wherein the middle part of the outer shell 1-1 protrudes outwards, and the formed cavity is: the front and rear ends are slit-shaped, and the middle part is provided with a concave cavity a which expands outwards. The height H of the concave cavity (a) is 1-2 times of the radius R of the throat part; the top length of the concave cavity (a) is L,
a plurality of atomizing nozzles 2 are arranged on the outer shell 1-1 and positioned at the concave cavity a at intervals along the circumferential direction, and each atomizing nozzle 2 is vertical to the wall surface of the outer shell at the position; the atomizing nozzle 2 is used for spraying the coolant onto the inner shell in the concave cavity, and the coolant covers the whole inner shell wall surface. The coolant sprayed from adjacent atomizing nozzles 2 is optimally designed such that there is no overlap area on the wall surface of the inner housing 1-2.
As shown in fig. 3, each atomizing nozzle 2 is connected with the same pole of a high-voltage power supply 3, the high-voltage power supply 3 is used for providing charges for sprayed coolant molecules, the coolant is broken into tiny droplets under the action of electrostatic fields, and the tiny droplets are further broken under the action of repulsive force of the same charges to strike the throat for heat exchange, and the throat high heat flow area is cooled through convective heat exchange and phase change heat absorption. In addition, the electrostatic field enables the coolant to be adsorbed on the hot surface more easily, so that the heat exchange mass flux is enhanced, and the heat exchange is enhanced.
The coolant is sprayed out of each atomizing nozzle 2, and is atomized for the first time at this moment, the process of spraying the coolant onto the hot surface is atomized for the second time for cooling, under the action of electrostatic force, the effect of pneumatic force is not needed for the second cooling in the atomization process, the number of sprayed Weber is indirectly increased, the atomization characteristic is enhanced, the specific surface area of the coolant is increased, and the speed is more uniform.
As shown in fig. 4, the nozzles are circumferentially arranged along the throat of the engine, and the number of the nozzles can be designed according to the optimal spray area corresponding to spray cooling according to different application conditions. When the number of the atomizing nozzles 2 is six, and the atomizing nozzles are arranged at equal intervals, the sprayed coolant has no overlapping area on the wall surface of the inner shell 1-2, and the cooling effect is the best.
The numerical simulation of the engine active cooling concave cavity structure based on spray cooling in the invention comprises the following steady-state calculation:
the fuel system is as follows: gas oxygen, kerosene, total flow: 1kg/s, oxygen ratio O/f=4; the flow rate of the kerosene serving as a coolant is 200g/s, the initial temperature is 300K, when the number of the atomizing nozzles 2 is six, the flow rate of a single nozzle is 36.7g/s, the spray cone angle is 40 degrees, and the diameter of the nozzle outlet is 0.6mm.
The cooling of the cavity structure in the present invention and the cooling temperatures and heat exchange coefficients of the different cooling modes and structures are shown in tables 1 and 2. As is clear from the data in the table, the spray cooling of the present invention has a smaller heat exchange area than the regenerative cooling, but the cooling system itself has a higher heat exchange coefficient, and can meet the cooling requirement of the engine throat. In the invention, the specific surface area of the liquid drop is increased, the heat absorption capacity is strong, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved. The heat flux density of the throat part of the ejection rocket in the ejection mode of the RBCC engine is 2.4 multiplied by 10 7 W/m 2 Coefficient of heat exchangeWherein T is w And T 0 The wall temperature and the initial kerosene temperature are respectively, and q is the heat flux density.
As is evident from the table, the six nozzle arrangement provides the best cooling performance, with no overlap in each spray area just covering the throat heat exchange surface.
TABLE 1 Cooling temperatures of different Cooling modes for inner wall surfaces of throat
TABLE 2 Heat exchange coefficients for different Cooling modes
Likewise, improvements in spray cooling over coolant secondary distribution are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 different channel outlet mass concentrations
From the results in table 3, it is clear that spray cooling has a better flow secondary distribution performance. The front end is closer to the engine combustion chamber, and the design flow is highest, so that the requirements of high temperature and more required coolant at the front end engine combustion chamber are met.
During engine operation, coolant enters the cavity a from the inlet through the atomizing nozzle 2. The coolant is charged by contacting with the high-voltage electrode, is broken into tiny liquid drops under the action of an electrostatic field, is further broken under the action of repulsive force of the same charge, and impacts the throat to exchange heat, and cools the high heat flow area of the throat through convective heat exchange and phase change heat absorption.
Under the action of electrostatic force, the secondary cooling in the atomization process does not need the action of pneumatic force any more, and the number of sprayed Weber is indirectly increased, so that the atomization characteristic is enhanced, the specific surface area of the coolant is increased, and the speed is more uniform. After the liquid drops directly impact the hot surface, the charged liquid drops and the hot surface have stronger adsorption force, so that the splashing effect of the liquid drops impacting the wall is reduced, and the heat exchange mass flux is enhanced. The circumferential multi-nozzle structure enhances the mutual heat exchange in the fluid, and is beneficial to reducing the temperature gradient in the fluid. After absorbing heat, the coolant flows into the front-end combustion chamber to burn.
Claims (2)
1. An engine active cooling bowl structure based on spray cooling, comprising: the engine throat (1), it is the column cavity, is enclosed by double-deck casing, forms the cavity structure between double-deck casing, and wherein, the middle part of outer casing (1-1) is protruding to the outside, and the cavity that forms is: the front end and the rear end are slit-shaped, and the middle part is provided with a concave cavity (a) which expands outwards;
the front end of the engine throat part (1) is used for being connected with the combustion chamber (4), and the concave cavity (a) is communicated with the cooling cavity of the combustion chamber (4); the rear end of the engine throat part (1) is connected with the spray pipe (5), and the concave cavity (a) is communicated with a cooling cavity of the spray pipe (5);
a plurality of atomizing nozzles (2) are circumferentially arranged on the outer shell (1-1) at intervals at the concave cavity (a), and each atomizing nozzle (2) is perpendicular to the wall surface of the outer shell where the atomizing nozzle is located; the atomizing nozzles (2) are used for spraying coolant onto the inner-layer shell in the concave cavity and cover the whole inner-layer shell wall surface, and the coolant sprayed by the adjacent atomizing nozzles (2) has no overlapping area on the inner-layer shell (1-2) wall surface;
each atomizing nozzle (2) is connected with the same pole of a high-voltage power supply (3), and the high-voltage power supply (3) is used for providing electric charge for the sprayed coolant;
the working method is as follows: and the coolant is injected into each atomizing nozzle (2) in an average and equal amount, a high-voltage power supply (3) is turned on, an electrostatic field is formed in the concave cavity (a), the coolant is broken into tiny liquid drops under the action of the electrostatic field, the tiny liquid drops carry the same charges and repel each other, the tiny liquid drops are broken again, the tiny liquid drops strike the inner shell of the concave cavity (a), and the throat high heat flow area is cooled through convection heat exchange and phase change heat absorption.
2. An engine active cooling cavity structure based on spray cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of the atomizing nozzles (2) is six and the atomizing nozzles are arranged at equal intervals.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210473407.0A CN114810424B (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | Engine active cooling concave cavity structure based on spray cooling |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210473407.0A CN114810424B (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | Engine active cooling concave cavity structure based on spray cooling |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114810424A CN114810424A (en) | 2022-07-29 |
| CN114810424B true CN114810424B (en) | 2024-02-02 |
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| CN202210473407.0A Active CN114810424B (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | Engine active cooling concave cavity structure based on spray cooling |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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