CN114810242A - Method and system for comprehensively utilizing steam source energy of back pressure steam turbine - Google Patents
Method and system for comprehensively utilizing steam source energy of back pressure steam turbine Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/38—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of turbine type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/04—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for specific purposes other than heating
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for comprehensively utilizing steam source energy of a back pressure steam turbine, wherein the system comprises a three-level comprehensive energy utilization system, and the first-level comprehensive energy utilization system is used for converting heat energy into electric energy by utilizing extracted steam from a main steam turbine to do work and generate power through a high back pressure steam turbine or a low back pressure steam turbine; the second-stage energy utilization system is used for discharging exhaust steam of the backpressure steam turbine into a steam-water heat exchanger such as a raw water heater or a primary heat supply network heater or a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator and the like, and utilizing the latent heat of vaporization of the steam to respectively heat chemical raw water or primary heat supply network circulating water or supplement water for the heat supply network to deaerate; and the third-stage energy utilization system is used for sending the condensed water of the exhaust steam of the back pressure turbine to a heat supply network water replenishing heater, draining the water, releasing heat, heating the heat supply network water replenishing and then discharging the water into the main condenser.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of back pressure turbines, in particular to a method and a system for comprehensively utilizing steam source energy of a back pressure turbine.
Background
The industrial steam required by enterprises or parks is generally pumped to a steam supply station through a main steam turbine of a large power generation enterprise and then is respectively supplied to each steam consuming enterprise according to the requirements of different enterprises. The steam pressure supplied to the steam supply station is about 1.3MPa.a, the required parameters are stable and reliable, and in order to meet the requirements of steam supply parameters, the steam extraction of the main turbine usually adopts higher parameters (the pressure is 4.0-5.5 MPa), and the steam is sent to enterprise users after temperature reduction and pressure reduction. Due to the existence of temperature and pressure reduction of the steam, the energy loss is large. In order to reduce the energy loss of high-quality steam and utilize the useful energy of the steam, one technique is to increase a high-back-pressure steam turbine, namely, a main steam turbine extracts steam to generate electricity through the high-back-pressure steam turbine and then sends the exhausted steam to industrial enterprise users. Steam condensate supplied to industrial users is not typically recycled to power generation facilities.
At present, a regional heat supply boiler room is gradually replaced by heat supply of a large heat supply generating set. The heat supply steam of the large heat supply unit adopts a main steam turbine to extract steam, the quality of the extracted steam is high, and the extracted steam is only used for heat supply and has large energy loss. In order to utilize the heat energy of the part of extracted steam, a low back pressure steam turbine can be arranged, and the steam is used for generating power through the low back pressure steam turbine or driving a heat supply network circulating water pump, and then the exhausted steam is sent to a primary heat supply network heater to heat the heat supply network circulating water. The condensed water in the primary heating network heater is usually returned to the condenser of the main turbine. Because the temperature of condensed water in the primary heat supply network heater is higher, generally about 80 ℃, the temperature of condensed water in the main turbine is generally about 30-40 ℃, and one energy recovery technology is to add a condensed water heater for heating the condensed water of the main turbine, and the drained water in the primary heat supply network heater after heat exchange finally enters the main condenser.
The steam supply technology for industrial steam and heating adopted in the early stage is characterized in that part of power plants which are not subjected to technical transformation adopts a main steam turbine to extract steam and supply the industrial steam and the heating steam which meet requirements to the outside through a temperature and pressure reducing device or adopts the main steam turbine to extract steam and supply the steam to a high-back-pressure steam turbine, the steam works in the high-back-pressure steam turbine to generate electricity, the heating steam heats primary heat supply network circulating water in a primary heat supply network heater, the steam is condensed into condensed water and then heats the condensed water of the main steam turbine system and then returns to the main condenser, or the condensed water is directly discharged into the main condenser or is pumped to a deaerator. The industrial steam and the heating steam are delivered to users through temperature and pressure reduction, the useful energy of the high-temperature high-pressure steam is not fully utilized, and the comprehensive energy-saving effect is poor. Although the technology of heating steam is optimized at present, the extracted steam of the main steam turbine is firstly supplied to the low-backpressure steam turbine for power generation or driving a heat supply network circulating pump, and the exhausted steam of the low-backpressure steam turbine is then supplied to the primary heat supply network heater, the backpressure steam turbine is only available in the heating season, and cannot be put into operation in the non-heating season. The back pressure turbine in the technical scheme disclosed in patent No. CN212389393U), patent No. CN205979962U, patent No. CN208186475U, patent No. CN108561201A and patent No. CN101967999A is only available in heating seasons, and cannot be put into operation in non-heating seasons, or/and the heat of the exhaust steam condensate of the back pressure turbine is not utilized, so that the system is a two-stage steam energy utilization system. Patent No. CN206903698U provides a desuperheater at the inlet of the back pressure turbine, and the useful energy of the high-grade steam is not fully utilized. The inlet of a backpressure steam turbine of the U.S. Pat. No. 4, 20200149433, 1 is provided with a desuperheater, the useful energy of high-grade steam is not fully utilized, a steam ejector is adopted to extract exhaust steam to heat circulating water of a heat supply network, and the energy of the high-grade steam is not fully utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for comprehensively utilizing the steam source energy of a backpressure steam turbine. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a comprehensive utilization method of steam source energy of a back pressure steam turbine comprises the steps that a main steam turbine extracts steam to be supplied to a high back pressure steam turbine or a low back pressure steam turbine and drives a high back pressure steam turbine generator or a low back pressure steam turbine generator to generate power, and the steam is exhausted;
one path of exhaust steam of the high back pressure steam turbine is directly supplied to an industrial steam user through a back pressure steam turbine steam supply protection valve group; the other path of the steam is supplied to a low back pressure turbine and drives a low back pressure turbine generator to generate power and discharge steam;
enabling the exhaust steam of the low back pressure turbine to pass through a raw water heater or a primary heat supply network heater to generate condensed water, and sending the condensed water into a main condenser; or the exhaust steam of the low-backpressure steam turbine is sent to a heat supply network water replenishing deaerator to heat the heat supply network to replenish water and deaerate;
the method further comprises the step of sending the condensed water in the primary heat supply network heater to a heat supply network water replenishing heater and then discharging the condensed water into the main condenser.
Preferably, the steam supply pressure of the main steam turbine to the high back pressure steam turbine is 4.0-5.5 MPa.a, and the steam exhaust pressure of the high back pressure steam turbine is 1.0-1.5 MPa.a;
and the steam supply pressure of the main steam turbine to the low back pressure steam turbine is 0.8-1.2 MPa.
Preferably, the exhaust steam of the high back pressure turbine is supplied to the low back pressure turbine for power generation through a first isolation valve at the inlet of the low back pressure turbine and a main regulating valve of the low back pressure turbine, and the exhaust steam pressure of the low back pressure turbine is 0.15-0.25 MPa.a.
Preferably, the exhaust steam of the low-backpressure steam turbine is switched by a raw water heater steam isolation valve, a primary heat supply network heater steam isolation valve and a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator steam isolation valve and is respectively supplied to the raw water heater, the primary heat supply network heater and the heat supply network water supplementing deaerator.
Preferably, the condensed water in the primary heat supply network heater is sent to the heat supply network water supplement heater and then discharged into the main condenser, and specifically, in a heating season, the discharged steam of the low-back-pressure steam turbine enters the primary heat supply network heater through a back-pressure machine steam supply protection valve group and a primary heat supply network heater steam isolation valve to generate the condensed water, and the condensed water is discharged into the main condenser through the heat supply network water supplement heater.
Preferably, the switching of the input/exit of the heat supply network water replenishing heater is realized by closing/opening the bypass valve of the heat supply network water replenishing heater, and opening/closing the first isolation valve of the heat supply network water replenishing heater and the second isolation valve of the heat supply network water replenishing heater.
Preferably, the exhaust steam of the low back pressure turbine is passed through a raw water heater or a primary heat supply network heater to generate condensed water and is sent to a main condenser; or the exhausted steam of the low back pressure turbine is sent to a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator to heat the heat supply network water supplementing deaerator, comprising,
in the heating season, when the primary heat supply network heater fails, the steam isolation valve of the primary heat supply network heater is closed, and the steam isolation valve of the heat supply network water replenishing deaerator is opened to convey the exhausted steam of the low-back-pressure steam turbine to the heat supply network water replenishing deaerator.
Preferably, the exhaust steam of the low back pressure turbine is passed through a raw water heater or a primary heat supply network heater to generate condensed water and is sent to a main condenser; or the exhausted steam of the low back pressure turbine is sent to a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator to heat the heat supply network water supplementing deaerator, and the method also comprises the following steps,
in heating seasons or non-heating seasons, the exhaust steam of the low back pressure steam turbine enters the raw water heater through the backpressure machine steam supply protection valve group and the raw water heater steam isolation valve to generate condensed water, and the condensed water is discharged into the main condenser through the raw water heater drainage regulating valve.
Preferably, the raw water heater steam isolation valve and the raw water heater drainage regulating valve are closed/opened, and the primary heat supply network heater drainage regulating valve is opened/closed, so that the exiting/inputting switching of the raw water heater and the primary heat supply network heater is realized.
Preferably, the inlet steam source of the low back pressure steam turbine comprises a first isolation valve switched by the inlet of the low back pressure machine and a second isolation valve switched by the inlet of the low back pressure machine.
A system for integrated utilization of steam source energy of a back pressure steam turbine, the system comprising: a first stage energy utilization system, a second stage energy utilization system, and a third stage energy utilization system, wherein,
the first-stage energy utilization system is used for supplying extracted steam of the main turbine to the high-back-pressure turbine or the low-back-pressure turbine, driving the high-back-pressure turbine generator or the low-back-pressure turbine generator to generate power and discharging steam;
the second-stage energy utilization system is used for directly supplying one path of exhaust steam of the high back pressure turbine to an industrial steam user through a back pressure turbine steam supply protection valve group; the other path of the steam is supplied to a low back pressure turbine and drives a low back pressure turbine generator to generate power and discharge steam; enabling the exhaust steam of the low back pressure turbine to pass through a raw water heater or a primary heat supply network heater to generate condensed water, and sending the condensed water into a main condenser; or the exhaust steam of the low-backpressure steam turbine is sent to a heat supply network water replenishing deaerator to heat the heat supply network to replenish water and deaerate;
the third-level energy utilization system is used for sending the low-backpressure steam turbine) exhaust steam condensate condensed in the primary heat supply network heater to the heat supply network water supplementing heater and discharging the exhaust steam condensate into the main condenser after heating the heat supply network water supplementing.
Preferably, the first stage energy utilization system comprises a main turbine, a high back pressure turbine generator, a low back pressure turbine generator and a protection valve set, wherein,
the main steam turbine is connected with the high-back-pressure steam turbine through a high-back-pressure steam turbine main regulating valve and connected with the low-back-pressure steam turbine through a low-back-pressure steam turbine inlet second isolating valve and a low-back-pressure steam turbine main regulating valve respectively;
the high back pressure turbine is connected with the high back pressure turbine generator, and the low back pressure turbine is connected with the low back pressure turbine generator;
the high back pressure turbine is connected with industrial steam users through a protection valve group.
Preferably, the second-stage energy utilization system comprises a raw water heater, a primary heat supply network heater and a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator, wherein the low back pressure steam turbine is connected with the raw water heater through a back pressure machine steam supply protection valve group and a raw water heater steam isolation valve, and the raw water heater is connected with the main condenser through a raw water heater drainage regulating valve;
the low back pressure steam turbine is connected with the primary heat supply network heater through a back pressure machine steam supply protection valve group and a primary heat supply network heater steam isolation valve, and the primary heat supply network heater is connected with the main condenser;
the low back pressure steam turbine supplies vapour protection valve group and heat supply network moisturizing oxygen-eliminating device steam isolation valve to send to be connected with heat supply network moisturizing oxygen-eliminating device through the backpressure machine.
Preferably, the third-stage energy utilization system comprises a heat supply network water replenishing heater, the heat supply network water replenishing heater is connected with the primary heat supply network heater through a first isolation valve of the heat supply network water replenishing heater), and is connected with the main condenser through a second isolation valve of the heat supply network water replenishing heater.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
1. the multistage energy utilization system is adopted, and the energy extracted by the main steam turbine is used for generating electricity, supplying heat, increasing the temperature of a process medium and the like through the back pressure steam turbine, the steam-water heat exchanger and the water-water heat exchanger, so that the energy consumption of a unit is reduced, and the economic benefit of a power plant is increased.
2. For industrial steam, a high-back-pressure turbine is adopted to replace a temperature and pressure reducer, the steam works in the high-back-pressure turbine and is converted into electric energy, and the electric energy is transmitted to a service bus. The extracted steam from the steam turbine is transmitted to industrial steam users after being applied with work and generated by the high back pressure steam turbine, and the useful energy of the high temperature and high pressure steam is effectively utilized.
3. The backpressure steam turbine operates all the year round, the problem that the low backpressure steam turbine is idle in non-heating seasons is solved, and the energy consumption of the unit is reduced. In the heating season, the steam works in the high/low back pressure steam turbine and is converted into electric energy, and the electric energy is transmitted to the service bus. And after the steam works in the low-backpressure steam turbine, the exhaust steam enters a primary heating network heater to heat circulating water of the heating network, the exhaust steam is condensed in the primary heating network heater, and part of condensed water is sent to a heating network water supplementing heater, and the temperature of the heating network water supplementing heater is raised and then sent to a main condenser. In the heating season or the non-heating season, steam is used for generating electricity through a low back pressure steam turbine, and electric energy is transmitted to a service bus; and the exhaust steam of the steam after the low-backpressure steam turbine does work enters a raw water heater to heat chemical raw water, and the condensed drain water of the exhaust steam is sent to a main condenser.
4. And a low-backpressure steam turbine steam supply and exhaust standby system is arranged. The low back pressure steam turbine supplies steam and adopts high back pressure steam turbine exhaust and steam extraction of steam turbine communicating pipe each other for reserve, has guaranteed the reliability of supplying steam. When the primary heat supply network heater fails, the exhaust steam of the low-backpressure steam turbine can be exhausted to the heat supply network water supplementing deaerator.
5. A large amount of condensed water of industrial steam cannot be recycled to a power plant, and raw water needs to be additionally supplemented. The waste steam of the low-back-pressure steam turbine is used for heating the raw water to replace the main steam turbine used for heating the raw water to extract steam, so that the energy consumption of the unit is reduced. Meanwhile, the low-backpressure steam turbine generates power and supplies the power to a station service system, so that the station service power rate can be reduced.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a comprehensive utilization system of the steam source energy of the back pressure steam turbine.
In the figure: 1. a main turbine; 2. a main turbine generator; 3. a main condenser; 4. a high back pressure turbine; 5. a high back pressure turbine generator; 6. industrial steam users; 7. a low back pressure turbine; 8. a low back pressure turbine generator; 9. a raw water heater; 10. a primary heat supply network heater; 11. a secondary heat supply network heater; 12. an electric heat supply network circulating water pump; 13. a heat supply network water replenishing heater; 14. a heat supply network water replenishing deaerator; 15. a demineralized water pump; 16. a main regulating valve of the high back pressure turbine; 17. a low back pressure turbine inlet first isolation valve; 18. a second isolation valve at the inlet of the low back pressure turbine; 19. a low back pressure turbine main regulating valve; 20. a raw water heater steam isolation valve; 21. a primary heating network heater steam isolation valve; 22. a steam isolation valve of a heat supply network water replenishing deaerator; 23. a raw water heater drainage regulating valve; 24. a primary heating network heater drainage regulating valve; 25. a back pressure machine steam supply protection valve group; 26. a first isolating valve of a water supplementing heater of the heat supply network; 27. a second isolating valve of the water replenishing heater of the heat supply network; 28. the bypass valve of the water replenishing heater of the heat supply network.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention adopts the principle of energy cascade comprehensive utilization to fully utilize the energy of the back pressure steam turbine driving steam and utilizes the high-quality steam energy in three stages. Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a comprehensive utilization system of steam source energy of a back pressure turbine according to the present invention, and as can be seen from fig. 1, a first stage energy utilization system is used for converting thermal energy of high quality steam from a main turbine 1 into mechanical energy to drive a generator to generate electricity, and is divided into two parts: firstly, the high back pressure turbine 4 drives the high back pressure turbine generator 5 to generate electricity; and secondly, a part of exhaust steam of the high back pressure turbine 4 is sent to the low back pressure turbine 7 to drive the low back pressure turbine generator 8 to generate electricity. The second stage energy utilization system is used for sending part of exhaust steam of the high back pressure steam turbine 4 to an industrial steam user 6; the exhaust steam of the low back pressure steam turbine 7 is sent to a raw water heater 9 or a primary heat supply network heater 10 or a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator 14, and low-quality steam is used for heating primary heat supply network circulating water or chemical raw water; the heat supply network water supplementing deaerator 14 is used as a standby of the primary heat supply network heater 10 and is put into operation according to the system operation condition in the heating season. The third level energy utilization system is to send the low back pressure steam turbine 7 exhaust steam condensate condensed in the primary heat supply network heater 10 to the heat supply network water supplement heater 13 for heating the heat supply network water supplement. The invention discloses a method and a system for comprehensively utilizing the steam source energy of a backpressure steam turbine, wherein the system comprises a first-stage energy utilization system, a second-stage energy utilization system and a third-stage energy utilization system, as can be seen from figure 1,
the first-stage energy utilization system comprises a main steam turbine 1, a high back pressure steam turbine 4, a high back pressure steam turbine generator 5, a low back pressure steam turbine 7 and a low back pressure steam turbine generator 8, wherein the main steam turbine 1 is connected with the high back pressure steam turbine 4 through a high back pressure steam turbine main regulating valve 16, and is connected with the low back pressure steam turbine 7 through a low back pressure steam turbine inlet second isolating valve 18 and a low back pressure steam turbine main regulating valve 19; the high-back-pressure steam turbine 4 is connected to the industrial steam consumer 6 via a protective valve group 25.
Further, the high/low back pressure turbine is used to refer to a turbine having an exhaust pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure as a back pressure turbine. The high back pressure turbine is a back pressure turbine with the steam exhaust pressure higher than 1.0 MPa.a; the low back pressure turbine is a back pressure turbine with the exhaust pressure slightly higher than the atmospheric pressure.
The first-stage energy utilization system is used for converting heat energy into electric energy, and specifically is used for pumping steam from the main turbine 1 to the high-back-pressure turbine 4 or the low-back-pressure turbine 7, driving the high-back-pressure turbine generator 5 or the low-back-pressure turbine generator 8 to generate power and discharging the steam.
The second-stage energy utilization system comprises a back pressure machine steam supply protection valve group 25, a raw water heater steam isolation valve 20, a raw water heater 9, a primary heat supply network heater steam isolation valve 21, a primary heat supply network heater 10, a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator steam isolation valve 22, a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator 14 and a main condenser 3. Wherein, the low back pressure steam turbine 7 is connected with the raw water heater 9 through a back pressure machine steam supply protection valve group 25 and a raw water heater steam isolation valve 20, and is used for generating condensed water; the raw water heater 9 is connected with the main condenser 3 through a raw water heater drain regulating valve 23 and is used for discharging the condensed water into the main condenser 3. The low back pressure steam turbine 7 is connected with the primary heating network heater 10 through a back pressure machine steam supply protection valve group 25 and a primary heating network heater steam isolation valve 21 and is used for generating the exhaust steam into condensed water; the primary heat supply network heater 10 is connected with the main condenser 3 through a heat supply network water replenishing heater 13 and is used for discharging the condensed water into the main condenser 3.
Further, the raw water heater 9 is a heat exchanger. The function is to transfer the heat in the primary heat supply network high-temperature water to the raw water of the power plant (namely, the water supplement of the power plant) to improve the temperature of the raw water, and the heated raw water is delivered to the chemical water treatment system to be treated and then is supplied to other systems of the power plant. And the cooled primary heat supply network high-temperature water flows to the main condenser automatically.
The low back pressure steam turbine 7 is connected with the heat supply network water supplementing deaerator 14 through a back pressure machine steam supply protection valve group 25 and a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator steam isolation valve 22, and is used for heating the heat supply network water supplementing deaerator.
The function of the demineralized water pump 15 is to feed demineralized water (replenishment of the primary heat supply network) into the heat supply network replenishment deaerator 14. The working process is as follows: the desalted water from the desalted water system enters an inlet of a desalted water pump 15, is pressurized by the desalted water pump 15 and then is sent to a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator 14 for heating.
The second-stage energy utilization system is used for respectively heating chemical raw water or primary heat supply network circulating water or supplementing water and removing oxygen for a heat supply network by utilizing the latent heat of vaporization of steam, and specifically, one path of exhaust steam of the high back pressure steam turbine 4 is directly supplied to an industrial steam user 6 through a back pressure steam turbine steam supply protection valve group 25; the other path is supplied to a low back pressure turbine 7 and drives a low back pressure turbine generator 8 to generate electricity and discharge steam; the exhaust steam of the low back pressure turbine 7 is passed through a raw water heater 9 or a primary heat supply network heater 10 to generate condensed water and is sent to a main condenser 3; or the exhaust steam of the low back pressure turbine 7 is sent to a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator 14 to heat the heat supply network water supplementing deaerator;
the third-level energy utilization system comprises a heat supply network water replenishing heater 13, the heat supply network water replenishing heater 13 is connected with the primary heat supply network heater 10 through a first isolation valve 26 of the heat supply network water replenishing heater, and is connected with the main condenser 3 through a second isolation valve 27 of the heat supply network water replenishing heater.
And the third-level energy utilization system is used for sending the low back pressure turbine 7 exhaust steam condensate condensed in the primary heat supply network heater 10 to a heat supply network water supplementing heater 13, and discharging the exhaust steam condensate into the main condenser 3 after heating the heat supply network water supplementing.
Further, the secondary heat supply network heater 11 is a heat exchanger, heat in the high-temperature water of the primary heat supply network is transferred to the circulating water of the secondary heat supply network, and the circulating water of the secondary heat supply network absorbs heat in the secondary heat supply network heater 11, then the temperature of the circulating water rises, and finally the circulating water is sent to each heat consumer.
Further, the secondary heat supply network heater 11 is a heat exchanger, and transfers heat in the high-temperature water of the primary heat supply network to the circulating water of the secondary heat supply network, and the circulating water of the secondary heat supply network absorbs heat in the secondary heat supply network heater, and then the temperature of the circulating water rises, and finally the circulating water is sent to each heat consumer. The heat consumers are residential areas or enterprises, the secondary heat supply network circulating water releases heat in the heat consumer radiators to keep the indoor heating temperature constant, and the cooled secondary heat supply network circulating water is pumped back to the secondary heat supply network heaters.
Further, the high-temperature water of the primary heat supply network flows through the pipe side of the secondary heat supply network heater, the temperature of the secondary heat supply network circulating water flowing through the shell side of the secondary heat supply network heater 11 is reduced after the secondary heat supply network circulating water is heated, the high-temperature water is returned to the primary heat supply network heater 10 through the electric heat supply network circulating pump and then enters the secondary heat supply network heater 11 after being heated, and the whole circulation process of heating the primary heat supply network is completed. The circulating water of the low-temperature secondary heat supply network from the heat user enters the shell side of the secondary heat supply network heater 11, the temperature rises after the heat of the high-temperature water of the primary heat supply network heater 10 is absorbed, and the high-temperature water of the secondary heat supply network flowing out of the secondary heat supply network heater 11 is sent to the heat user.
Further, the electric heat supply network circulating water pump 12 is used for driving heat supply network circulating water to complete circulating water closed circulation to realize heat exchange power. The working process is as follows: and the low-temperature primary heat supply network circulating water is sent into the primary heat supply network heater 10, the high-temperature primary heat supply network circulating water after absorbing heat and raising the temperature is sent to the secondary heat supply network heater 11, and the primary heat supply network circulating water releases heat and lowers the temperature in the secondary heat supply network heater 11 and then enters the electric heat supply network circulating water pump 12 to complete the whole circulating process.
Further, with reference to fig. 1, the system further includes a heat supply network circulating water pump, a heat supply network water replenishing pump, a secondary heat supply network heater, related valves for switching functions and protecting equipment, a pipeline for conveying a medium, and the like, wherein the heat supply network circulating water pump is an electric pump and is used for realizing circulation of primary heat supply network circulating water and conveying heat to the secondary heat supply network; the heat supply network water replenishing pump is an electric pump and is used for replenishing leakage loss primary heat supply network circulating water to the primary heat supply network circulating water.
Furthermore, the main turbine is mainly used for power generation and is provided with a multi-stage steam extraction, and exhaust steam of the main turbine enters a condenser, and the exhaust steam pressure of the main turbine is lower than the atmospheric pressure. The high back pressure steam turbine and the low back pressure steam turbine are used for converting the heat energy of the steam into electric energy and transmitting the electric energy to the service power system; a steam turbine with the exhaust pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure is called a backpressure steam turbine, and the high backpressure steam turbine adopted in the embodiment is the backpressure steam turbine with the exhaust pressure higher than 1.0 MPa.a; the low back pressure turbine is a back pressure turbine with the exhaust pressure slightly higher than the atmospheric pressure. The raw water heater and the primary heat supply network circulating water heater are steam-water surface heat exchangers, and waste steam of a low-backpressure steam turbine is adopted to heat chemical raw water or primary heat supply network circulating water. The heat supply network water supplementing deaerator is a mixed heat exchanger, and low-back-pressure steam turbine exhaust steam is adopted for supplementing water and deoxidizing the heat supply network; the heat supply network water replenishing heater is a water-water surface type heat exchanger, and the condensed water of the exhaust steam of the low-backpressure steam turbine is used for heating the heat supply network water replenishing.
The invention discloses a comprehensive utilization method of steam source energy of a backpressure steam turbine, which adopts the system of the invention and comprises the following concrete implementation steps:
the main steam turbine 1 extracts steam and supplies steam to the high back pressure steam turbine 4 through the high back pressure steam turbine main regulating valve 16 or supplies steam to the low back pressure steam turbine 7 through the low back pressure steam turbine inlet second isolating valve 18 and the low back pressure steam turbine main regulating valve 19, and the high back pressure steam turbine is driven to generate power at the same time, steam heat energy supplied by the boiler is converted into electric energy to be supplied to a service bus, so that service power rate of the main steam turbine generator system can be reduced. Wherein the steam supply pressure of the main turbine is about 4.0-5.5 MPa.a, the exhaust pressure of the high back pressure turbine 4 is maintained at 1.0-1.5 MPa.a, and the exhaust pressure of the low back pressure turbine 7 is maintained at 0.15-0.25 MPa.
The exhaust steam of the high back pressure turbine 4 is the inlet steam of the low back pressure turbine 7, and one path of the exhaust steam of the high back pressure turbine 4 is directly supplied to the industrial steam user 6 through a back pressure turbine steam supply protection valve group 25; and the other path of low-pressure backpressure turbine inlet first isolation valve 17 and the low-pressure backpressure turbine main regulating valve 19 are supplied to the low-pressure backpressure turbine 7 and drive the low-pressure backpressure turbine generator 8 to generate electricity, and steam is discharged, and the steam discharge pressure of the low-pressure backpressure turbine 7 is maintained at 0.15-0.25 MPa.
Further, the steam inlet source of the low back pressure steam turbine 7 is switched by a low pressure back pressure machine inlet first isolation valve 17 and a low pressure back pressure machine inlet second isolation valve 18.
The exhaust steam of the low back pressure turbine 7 is switched by a raw water heater steam isolation valve 20, a primary heat supply network heater steam isolation valve 21 and a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator steam isolation valve 22 and respectively supplied to a raw water heater 9 and a primary heat supply network heater 10 to generate condensed water, and the condensed water is sent to the main condenser 3; or the exhaust steam of the low back pressure turbine 7 is sent to a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator 14 to heat the heat supply network water supplementing deaerator;
further, after the condensed water in the primary heat supply network heater 10 is sent to the heat supply network water supplement heater 13, the condensed water is discharged into the main condenser 3, specifically, in a heating season, the discharged steam of the low back pressure steam turbine 7 enters the primary heat supply network heater 10 through the backpressure machine steam supply protection valve group 25 and the primary heat supply network heater steam isolation valve 21 to generate the condensed water, and the condensed water is discharged into the main condenser 3 through the heat supply network water supplement heater 13.
Further, the switching of the input/output of the heat supply network water supplement heater 13 is realized by closing/opening the heat supply network water supplement heater bypass valve 28, and opening/closing the heat supply network water supplement heater first isolation valve 26 and the heat supply network water supplement heater second isolation valve 27.
Further, the exhaust steam of the low back pressure turbine 7 generates condensed water through a raw water heater 9 or a primary heat supply network heater 10 and is sent to the main condenser 3; or will the steam extraction of low back pressure steam turbine 7 is sent to heat supply network moisturizing deaerator 14 heating heat supply network moisturizing deoxidization, include in the heating season, when heat supply network heater 10 or raw water heater trouble, with closing heat supply network heater steam isolating valve 21 and opening heat supply network moisturizing deaerator steam isolating valve 22 and send the steam extraction of low back pressure steam turbine 7 to heat supply network moisturizing deaerator 14, guarantee the energy make full use of low-grade steam, reduce the quantity that high-quality steam turbine took out steam.
Further, the exhaust steam of the low back pressure turbine 7 generates condensed water through a raw water heater 9 or a primary heat supply network heater 10 and is sent to the main condenser 3; or get into 14 heating heat supply network moisturizing deoxidisers of heat supply network moisturizing deoxidisers, still include in heating season or non-heating season, the steam extraction of low back pressure steam turbine 7 gets into raw water heater 9 through backpressure machine steam supply protection valve group 25 and raw water heater steam isolating valve 20 and generates the condensate water, the condensate water discharges into main condenser 3 through raw water heater drainage regulating valve 23.
Further, the raw water heater 9 and the primary heat supply network heater 10 are switched to be withdrawn/put into operation by closing/opening the raw water heater steam isolation valve 20 and the raw water heater hydrophobic regulating valve 23 and opening/closing the primary heat supply network heater hydrophobic regulating valve 24.
The method further comprises the step of sending the condensed water in the primary heat supply network heater 10 to a heat supply network water replenishing heater 13 and then discharging the condensed water into the main condenser 3. The primary heat supply network heater 10 is a water-water heat exchanger, and the water is supplemented to the primary heat supply network and heated to a certain temperature, so that the steam consumption of the deaerator can be reduced.
Based on the method, the invention can meet the requirement that the back pressure steam turbine operates all the year round, and in the heating season, the exhausted steam of the low back pressure steam turbine 7 is used for heating the circulating water of the primary heat supply network; the water drainage of the primary heat supply network heater is used for heating the primary heat supply network for water supplement. In the heating season or the non-heating season, the dead steam after the low back pressure steam turbine 7 applies work heats chemical raw water through the raw water heater 9, and the low back pressure steam turbine 7 can run all the year round.
The low back pressure steam turbine 7 is provided with a double steam inlet system; a plurality of sets of mutually standby cooling systems of the low-pressure back press, such as a raw water heater, a heat supply network heater and a heat supply network water replenishing deaerator, are arranged, so that the reliable operation of the back press is ensured. In addition, the condensed water of the exhaust steam of the low back pressure steam turbine 7 heats the heat supply network water replenishing heater 13, and compared with the condensed water directly discharged to the main condenser, the heat of the condensed water can be additionally obtained, the steam extraction amount of the heat supply network water replenishing deaerator 14 is reduced, and the heat of the exhaust steam condensed water discharged to the circulating water of the main steam turbine is reduced.
The invention adopts the back pressure turbine to generate electricity to replace a temperature and pressure reducing device, thereby avoiding the energy loss of high-quality steam. For industrial steam, a high-back-pressure turbine 4 is adopted to replace a temperature and pressure reducing device, the steam works in the high-back-pressure turbine 4 and is converted into electric energy, the extra power supply electric quantity obtained by the unit steam flow per hour is p1 ═ η 1 × (h1-hp1), and in the formula, p1 is the unit generated energy of the high-back-pressure turbine, kWh; eta 1 high back pressure steam turbine and generator comprehensive efficiency; h1 is the steam inlet ratio enthalpy value of the high back pressure turbine, kJ/kg; hp1 is the exhaust steam ratio enthalpy of the high back pressure turbine, kJ/kg, the steam works in the low back pressure turbine 7 and is converted into electric energy, the extra power supply electric quantity obtained by the unit steam flow per hour is p2 ═ η 2 × (h2-hp2), in the formula, p2 is the unit generated energy of the low back pressure turbine, kWh; eta 2 is the comprehensive efficiency of the low back pressure steam turbine and the generator; h2 is the enthalpy value of the steam inlet ratio of the low back pressure turbine, kJ/kg; hp2 is the exhaust steam ratio enthalpy value of the low back pressure turbine, kJ/kg, and the power generation of the back pressure turbine generator is connected to the service bus section, so that the external power supply amount can be increased, and the economic benefit of the power plant can be obviously increased.
The most preferred embodiment of the invention is the heat supply of northern industrial parks and residential areas, including industrial steam and heating.
The equipment is arranged in an adjacent room close to a main plant of the turbine, and is called a heat supply initial station for short. The first heat supply station adopts a three-layer reinforced concrete structure. The high back pressure steam turbine 4 and the generator thereof, the low back pressure steam turbine 7 and the generator thereof, the primary heat supply network circulating water pump and the heat supply network water replenishing pump are arranged at the bottom layer of the heat supply initial station; the heat supply network water replenishing heater 13 is arranged in the middle layer of the heat supply initial station, and the thermal and electrical equipment, most of process pipelines, valves and the like are arranged on the middle layer; the raw water heater 9, the primary heat supply network heater 10 and the heat supply network water supplementing deaerator 14 are arranged on the third layer of the heat supply initial station.
The main steam turbine 1 extracts steam and supplies the steam to a high back pressure steam turbine 4 in a heat supply initial station through a main factory building, the steam exhaust of the high back pressure steam turbine is divided into two parts, one part is industrial steam, and the industrial steam is supplied to industrial enterprises from the heat supply initial station through a factory area and an off-factory area; one part is a steam source of the low back pressure steam turbine 7 and is connected with a main steam valve of the low back pressure steam turbine, and the part of steam is respectively connected with a raw water heater 9, a primary heating network heater 10 and a heating network water supplementing deaerator 14 in a heat supply initial station after acting. The waste steam of the low back pressure steam turbine 7 is condensed in the primary heat supply network heater 10, drained water flows to the heat supply network water supplementing heater 13 through the primary heat supply network heater 10 drainage regulating valve by gravity, and drained water after heat exchange flows to the main condenser 3 by gravity. The steam exhaust of the low back pressure steam turbine 7 is condensed in the raw water heater 9, drained and adjusted through the raw water heater 9, and automatically flows to the main condenser 3 by gravity.
The low back pressure turbine 7 has two paths of steam sources, one path is the exhaust steam of the high back pressure turbine 4; the other path is the steam extracted by the main steam turbine 1 and is used as a standby steam source, so that the reliability of heat supply in a heating season is met. The spare steam source is connected to a low back pressure steam turbine 7 in the heat supply primary station from the steam extraction pipeline of the main plant.
The high back pressure steam turbine 4 and the low back pressure steam turbine 7 are provided with a back pressure machine steam supply protection valve group 25 for protecting the back pressure steam turbine and preventing water from entering the steam turbine to cause equipment damage.
The liquid level of the primary heat supply network heater 10 is controlled by a primary heat supply network heater 10 drainage regulating valve, and the liquid level of the raw water heater 9 is controlled by a raw water heater drainage regulating valve 23, so that the heat exchange efficiency is ensured. The drain regulating valve is an electric valve or a pneumatic valve, and can realize automatic control of liquid level.
The return water from the primary heat supply network circulating water is sent to a primary heat supply network heater 10 in the heat supply initial station through an electric heat supply network circulating water pump 12 for heat exchange, and is supplied to a secondary heat supply network heater 11 through the heat supply initial station, the plant area and the area outside the plant area after the temperature is raised to a set value.
The switching of the steam supply sources of the raw water heater 9, the primary heat supply network heater 10 and the heat supply network water supplementing deaerator 14 can be realized by operating the raw water heater steam isolation valve 20, the primary heat supply network heater steam isolation valve 21 or the heat supply network water supplementing deaerator steam isolation valve 22. The isolation valve is an electric valve and can be remotely operated in a control room.
And flow measuring devices are arranged at inlets of the high back pressure turbine 4 and the low back pressure turbine 7, so that the steam consumption is monitored, real-time data is provided for system operation, and the system operation is convenient.
In addition, according to the heat supply scale, the heat supply reliability requirement, the investment control requirement and the like, an alternative scheme is to increase the number of the high back pressure turbines 4 and the low back pressure turbines 7, and if a plurality of high back pressure turbines 4 and a plurality of low back pressure turbines 7 are arranged, the purposes of maintenance or fault standby, heat supply reliability guarantee in winter and the like can be achieved.
As an alternative to the raw water heater 9, the low back pressure turbine exhaust is used to heat the chemically treated main turbine make-up water, which is sent to the deaerator of the main turbine 1 after heating to about 100 ℃.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (14)
1. The comprehensive utilization method of the steam source energy of the backpressure steam turbine is characterized by comprising the following steps,
the main turbine (1) extracts steam to be supplied to the high back pressure turbine (4) or the low back pressure turbine (7) and drives the high back pressure turbine generator (5) or the low back pressure turbine generator (8) to generate power, and the steam is exhausted;
one path of the exhaust steam of the high back pressure turbine (4) is directly supplied to an industrial steam user (6) through a back pressure turbine steam supply protection valve group (25); the other path is supplied to a low back pressure turbine (7) and drives a low back pressure turbine generator (8) to generate electricity and exhaust steam;
enabling the exhaust steam of the low back pressure turbine (7) to pass through a raw water heater (9) or a primary heat supply network heater (10) to generate condensed water, and sending the condensed water into a main condenser (3); or the exhaust steam of the low back pressure turbine (7) is sent to a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator (14) to heat the heat supply network water supplementing deaerator;
the method further comprises the step of sending the condensed water in the primary heat supply network heater (10) to a heat supply network water replenishing heater (13) and then discharging the condensed water into the main condenser (3).
2. The method of claim 1,
the steam supply pressure of the main steam turbine (1) to the high back pressure steam turbine (4) is 4.0-5.5 MPa.a, and the steam exhaust pressure of the high back pressure steam turbine (4) is 1.0-1.5 MPa.a;
the main steam turbine (1) supplies steam to the low back pressure steam turbine (7) under the pressure of 0.8-1.2 MPa.
3. The method of claim 1,
the high back pressure steam turbine (4) exhaust steam is supplied to the low back pressure steam turbine (7) for power generation through a first isolation valve (17) at the inlet of the low back pressure steam turbine and a main adjusting valve (19) of the low back pressure steam turbine, and the exhaust steam pressure of the low back pressure steam turbine (7) is 0.15-0.25 MPa.a.
4. The method of claim 1,
the exhaust steam of the low back pressure steam turbine (7) is switched by a raw water heater steam isolation valve (20), a primary heat supply network heater steam isolation valve (21) and a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator steam isolation valve (22) and is respectively supplied to a raw water heater (9), a primary heat supply network heater (10) and a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator (14).
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the condensate in the primary heating network heater (10) is sent to a heating network make-up water heater (13) and then discharged into the main condenser (3), in particular,
in the heating season, the discharged steam of the low back pressure steam turbine (7) enters the primary heat supply network heater (10) through a back pressure machine steam supply protection valve group (25) and a primary heat supply network heater steam isolation valve (21) to generate condensed water, and the condensed water is discharged into the main condenser (3) through a heat supply network water supplement heater (13).
6. The method of claim 5,
the switching of the input/the exit of the heat supply network water replenishing heater (13) is realized by closing/opening the bypass valve (28) of the heat supply network water replenishing heater, and opening/closing the first isolation valve (26) and the second isolation valve (27) of the heat supply network water replenishing heater.
7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust steam of the low back pressure turbine (7) is passed through a raw water heater (9) or a primary heat network heater (10) to generate condensed water and sent to a main condenser (3); or the exhausted steam of the low back pressure turbine (7) is sent to a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator (14) to heat the heat supply network water supplementing deaerator, comprising,
in the heating season, when the primary heat supply network heater (10) is in fault, the steam isolation valve (21) of the primary heat supply network heater is closed, and the steam isolation valve (22) of the heat supply network water supplementing deaerator is opened to send the exhaust steam of the low back pressure steam turbine (7) to the heat supply network water supplementing deaerator (14).
8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust steam of the low back pressure turbine (7) is passed through a raw water heater (9) or a primary heat network heater (10) to generate condensed water and sent to a main condenser (3); or the exhausted steam of the low back pressure turbine (7) is sent to a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator (14) to heat the heat supply network water supplementing deaerator, and the method also comprises the steps of,
in the heating season or the non-heating season, the exhaust steam of the low back pressure turbine (7) enters the raw water heater (9) through the back pressure machine steam supply protection valve group (25) and the raw water heater steam isolation valve (20) to generate condensed water, and the condensed water is discharged into the main condenser (3) through the raw water heater drainage regulating valve (23).
9. The method of claim 8,
the steam isolation valve (20) of the raw water heater and the hydrophobic regulating valve (23) of the raw water heater are closed/opened, and the hydrophobic regulating valve (24) of the primary heat supply network heater is opened/closed, so that the exiting/entering switching of the raw water heater (9) and the primary heat supply network heater (10) is realized.
10. The method of claim 1,
the steam inlet source of the low back pressure steam turbine (7) comprises a first isolation valve (17) and a second isolation valve (18) which are switched through the inlet of the low back pressure machine.
11. A comprehensive utilization system for steam source energy of a backpressure steam turbine is characterized by comprising: a first stage energy utilization system, a second stage energy utilization system, and a third stage energy utilization system, wherein,
the first-stage energy utilization system is used for extracting steam from the main turbine (1), supplying the extracted steam to the high-back-pressure turbine (4) or the low-back-pressure turbine (7), driving the high-back-pressure turbine generator (5) or the low-back-pressure turbine generator (8) to generate power and discharging the steam;
the second-stage energy utilization system is used for directly supplying one path of exhaust steam of the high back pressure turbine (4) to an industrial steam user (6) through a back pressure turbine steam supply protection valve group (25); the other path is supplied to a low back pressure turbine (7) and drives a low back pressure turbine generator (8) to generate electricity and exhaust steam; enabling the exhaust steam of the low back pressure turbine (7) to pass through a raw water heater (9) or a primary heat supply network heater (10) to generate condensed water, and sending the condensed water into a main condenser (3); or the exhaust steam of the low back pressure turbine (7) is sent to a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator (14) to heat the heat supply network water supplementing deaerator;
and the third-level energy utilization system is used for conveying the exhaust steam condensate of the low-backpressure steam turbine (7) condensed in the primary heat supply network heater (10) to a heat supply network water supplementing heater (13) and discharging the exhaust steam condensate into the main condenser (3) after heating the heat supply network water supplementing.
12. The system of claim 11,
the first-stage energy utilization system comprises a main turbine (1), a high back pressure turbine (4), a high back pressure turbine generator (5), a low back pressure turbine (7), a low back pressure turbine generator (8) and a protective valve group (25), wherein,
the main steam turbine (1) is connected with the high back pressure steam turbine (4) through a main adjusting valve (16) of the high back pressure steam turbine and connected with the low back pressure steam turbine (7) through a second isolating valve (18) at the inlet of the low back pressure steam turbine and a main adjusting valve (19) of the low back pressure steam turbine (7);
the high back pressure turbine (4) is connected with the high back pressure turbine generator (5), and the low back pressure turbine (7) is connected with the low back pressure turbine generator (8);
the high back pressure turbine (4) is connected with an industrial steam user (6) through a protective valve group (25).
13. The system of claim 11,
the second-stage energy utilization system comprises a raw water heater (9), a primary heat supply network heater (10) and a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator (14),
the low back pressure turbine (7) is connected with a raw water heater (9) through a back pressure machine steam supply protection valve group (25) and a raw water heater steam isolation valve (20), and the raw water heater (9) is connected with a main condenser (3) through a raw water heater drainage regulating valve (23);
the low back pressure turbine (7) is connected with a primary heat supply network heater (10) through a back pressure machine steam supply protection valve group (25) and a primary heat supply network heater steam isolation valve (21), and the primary heat supply network heater (10) is connected with the main condenser (3);
the low back pressure turbine (7) is connected with the heat supply network water supplementing deaerator (14) through a back pressure machine steam supply protection valve group (25) and a heat supply network water supplementing deaerator steam isolation valve (22).
14. The system of claim 11,
the third-stage energy utilization system comprises a heat supply network water replenishing heater (13),
the heat supply network water supplementing heater (13) is connected with the primary heat supply network heater (10) through a first isolation valve (26) of the heat supply network water supplementing heater, and is connected with the main condenser (3) through a second isolation valve (27) of the heat supply network water supplementing heater.
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