CN114806710A - Processing method of soybean oil - Google Patents
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- CN114806710A CN114806710A CN202210371710.XA CN202210371710A CN114806710A CN 114806710 A CN114806710 A CN 114806710A CN 202210371710 A CN202210371710 A CN 202210371710A CN 114806710 A CN114806710 A CN 114806710A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
- C11B3/06—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with bases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/008—Refining fats or fatty oils by filtration, e.g. including ultra filtration, dialysis
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- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/12—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a processing method of soybean oil, and belongs to the technical field of oil processing. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: step one, preparing crude soybean oil; step two, carrying out long mixed alkali refining on the soybean crude oil, further carrying out vacuum drying, and adding filter aid diatomite for carrying out reduced pressure filtration to obtain deacidified soybean oil; step three, performing visible light illumination pretreatment on the deacidified soybean oil; step four, adding activated clay into the deacidified soybean oil subjected to the illumination pretreatment for carrying out decolorization treatment to obtain decolorized soybean oil; and step five, performing deodorization treatment on the decolorized soybean oil to obtain the finished product soybean oil. The soybean oil processing method has the advantages of good decolorization effect, safety, environmental protection, convenient operation, low cost and high refining rate, and is suitable for soybean oil processing production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to a processing method of soybean oil, and belongs to the technical field of oil processing.
Background
The soybean oil is prepared from soybeans by squeezing, leaching and other methods, and is a fat which is generally eaten worldwide. Soybean (Soybean), belonging to leguminous and annual herbaceous plants, is native to China, belongs to high-protein oil, and contains 34-40% of protein and 15-22% of fat. The soybean oil has an excellent fatty acid composition, and contains 48-59% of linoleic acid, 17-30% of oleic acid, 4.2-11% of linolenic acid and rich unsaturated fatty acid. In addition to a reasonable fatty acid composition, soybean oil also contains a relatively rich lipid concomitance. The soybean oil had an unsaponifiable content of 1.45%, 16% of which were sterols and 8.5% of which were tocopherols. Soybean oil sterol comprises 52% of beta-sitosterol, 25% of campesterol and 23% of stigmasterol, and has various health promotion functions such as protecting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system, and preventing and treating prostate diseases. About 7.6 percent of soybean oil tocopherol is alpha-tocopherol, 1.5 percent of the soybean oil tocopherol is beta-tocopherol, 67.8 percent of the soybean oil tocopherol is gamma-tocopherol, and 23.6 percent of the soybean oil tocopherol is delta-tocopherol, wherein the alpha-tocopherol has the highest biological activity, has good antioxidant capacity and is an important natural antioxidant in an oil system. Therefore, the soybean oil is high-quality oil with high nutritional value and great edible value.
For soybean oil processing, a general refining technology is generally adopted in the prior art, the problem of severe over-processing exists, the consumption of raw and auxiliary materials is increased in the refining process, the oil refining consumption and the processing energy consumption are large, the discharge amount of processing wastewater and waste residue is large, and the environment protection, the sustainable development and the improvement of the oil processing quality are not facilitated.
In the existing patent CN105038977A, "a processing method of soybean oil", a combination of processes such as enzymatic twice degumming, alkali refining deacidification, spent bleaching clay pre-decolorization, attapulgite-activated carbon composite decolorization, combined tower deodorization is adopted to refine oil, although the technology of twice degumming and twice decolorization adopted in the patent has good degumming and decolorization effects, a large amount of soft water is consumed, a large amount of wastewater is generated, the wastewater treatment difficulty is increased, and meanwhile, the loss of neutral oil and the use amount of decolorization adsorbent are increased. In patent CN113046177A, "a decoloring method for soybean oil", a composite decoloring method of activated silica gel and attapulgite is used to decolor oil, although the composite decoloring method is used in this patent to effectively alleviate the problem of color reversion of degummed soybean oil after physical refining, the problems of large decoloring agent consumption and high unit cost exist, and the loss of neutral oil is also increased. In patent CN102839048A, "a method for reducing soybean oil color by synergistic effect of monochromatic light and activated clay", VIS-450 monochromatic light irradiation and activated clay synergistic decolorization methods are used to decolorize oil, although the patent uses a synergistic decolorization method to effectively remove variable pigments and reduce clay consumption, there are the defects of single light treatment action object, large electric energy consumption, high raw material storage requirement, limited applicability, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
[ problem ] to
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of high energy consumption, high cost, large consumption of a decolorizing agent and high loss of neutral oil in the conventional method for refining soybean oil.
[ solution ]
Aiming at the defects in the technology, the invention provides the processing method which is safe, environment-friendly, stable, simple in process, convenient and fast to operate, high in refining rate and capable of processing the soybean oil properly.
The invention provides a processing method of soybean oil, which comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing crude soybean oil;
step two, carrying out long alkali mixing refining on the crude soybean oil prepared in the step one, further carrying out vacuum drying, and adding filter aid diatomite accounting for 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the oil to carry out reduced pressure filtration to obtain deacidified soybean oil;
step three, performing visible light illumination pretreatment on the deacidified soybean oil obtained in the step two, wherein the illumination pretreatment process comprises the following steps: under the condition of full mixing, the use strength is 280-450 mW/cm 2 Irradiating the glass substrate with visible light for 30-45 minutes;
step four, adding activated clay into the light-treated soybean oil obtained in the step three, stirring, gradually heating to 70-85 ℃, and decoloring for 30-40 minutes in a vacuum state; preferably, the proportion of the activated clay in the light-treated soybean oil is 0.6-0.8% of the weight of the oil;
and step five, deodorizing the decolorized soybean oil obtained in the step four to obtain the finished soybean oil.
Preferably, the main indexes of the crude soybean oil in the first step are as follows: has the original smell and taste of the crude soybean oil and no peculiar smell, the impurity content is less than 0.2 percent, the residual solvent content is less than 100mg/kg, the acid value is less than or equal to 4mg/g, and the peroxide value is less than or equal to 0.25g/100 g. The crude oil contains triglyceride about 94.4%, phospholipid about 3.7%, unsaponifiable matter about 1.3-1.6%, free fatty acid about 0.3-0.7%, and hydrocarbons about 0.38%.
Preferably, the preparation method of the crude soybean oil in the first step can select: screw pressing, direct leaching and extrusion-puffing leaching.
Preferably, the long mixed alkali refining treatment process in the second step comprises the following steps: preheating a crude oil storage tank to 65-75 ℃, adding phosphoric acid with the concentration of 75-85% (mol percentage of solute in 1L of solution) into the crude oil storage tank, wherein the adding amount of the phosphoric acid is 0.05-0.15% of the weight of the crude oil, and after mixing, carrying out a retention reaction for 15-30 minutes; and after the acid reaction is finished, cooling the oil to 40-50 ℃, adding 2-3% alkali liquor, wherein the addition amount is 1-3% of the weight of the oil, mixing, and then performing a retention reaction for 10-30 minutes to obtain the deacidified soybean oil.
Preferably, the vacuum drying requirement in the second step is as follows: and (3) drying the deacidified soybean oil in vacuum for 15-20 minutes at the temperature of 100-105 ℃ and the pressure of-0.095-0.090 MPa.
Preferably, the phosphorus content of the soybean oil processed by long mixed alkali refining in the second step is less than 8 ppm.
Preferably, the visible light pretreatment in the third step adopts a 300W xenon lamp visible light source and is arranged at a position which is about 30cm away from the surface of the deacidified oil, so that the surface illumination intensity is kept at 352mW/cm 2 And performing light treatment for 30-45 minutes at a stirring speed of 200-500 r/min.
Preferably, the decoloring treatment process in the fourth step is as follows: heating the soybean oil after the illumination treatment to 70-85 ℃, adding activated clay which is 0.6-0.8% of the weight of the oil, and decoloring for 30-40 minutes under the conditions that the vacuum degree is-0.095-0.090 MPa and the stirring speed is 150-185 r/min.
Preferably, the deodorization process in the fifth step is as follows: and (3) placing the decolorized soybean oil in a heater with the vacuum degree of-0.095 to-0.090 MPa, heating to 95-105 ℃, introducing steam, gradually heating to 200-235 ℃, and performing deodorization treatment for 60-120 minutes to obtain the finished product soybean oil.
[ advantageous effects ]
(1) The traditional decoloring process is optimized through visible light pretreatment, and after the photosensitive pigment in the grease absorbs quantitative light energy, the chromophoric group structure is damaged, the original color is lost, and the color of the grease is improved. Compared with a light-shielding decoloration group, the L value of the visible light illumination group is improved by 51.96%, and the color of the characterization grease is obviously lightened. The color difference value of the oil and the dark group can reach 21.52 +/-0.03 after the treatment of visible light illumination by using a CIEDE2000 formula for checking, and the color improvement effect is obvious. The invention adopts visible light with the wavelength of 400-780nm to act on more substances, thereby achieving better auxiliary decoloring effect and reducing the consumption of argil.
(2) The decolorization of the activated clay is assisted by the visible light pretreatment, so that the decolorization temperature of the grease is reduced to 70-85 ℃ from 100-110 ℃, and the using amount of the decolorization clay is reduced to 0.6-0.8% of the oil weight from 1-3% of the oil weight, thereby not only reducing the heat energy consumption of a decolorization working section, but also reducing the neutral oil loss caused by the adsorption of the activated clay (the residual oil rate of the waste clay after decolorization can reach 25-40%).
(3) The processing method of the soybean oil is safe and environment-friendly, has simple process, convenient operation, low cost and high refining rate, and is suitable for processing and producing the soybean oil.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a soybean oil processing method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for processing soybean oil, comprising the steps of:
step one, preparation of crude soybean oil: the crude soybean oil is prepared by an extrusion puffing leaching method, and the main indexes of the prepared crude soybean oil are as follows: has the due smell and taste of the soybean crude oil and no peculiar smell, the impurity content is less than 0.2 percent, the solvent residue is less than 100mg/kg, the acid value is less than or equal to 4mg/g, and the peroxide value is less than or equal to 0.25g/100 g; the crude oil contains triglyceride about 94.4%, phospholipid about 3.7%, unsaponifiable matter about 1.3-1.6%, free fatty acid about 0.3-0.7%, and hydrocarbons about 0.38%.
Step two, carrying out long mixed alkali refining treatment on the soybean crude oil prepared in the step one, wherein the alkali refining process comprises the following steps: heating the prepared crude soybean oil to 65-75 ℃ in a storage tank, adding phosphoric acid with the concentration of 75-85% and the addition amount of 0.05-0.15% of the weight of the oil, homogenizing and mixing the mixture by a mixer, and then, carrying out a retention reaction for 15-30 minutes; after the acid reaction is finished, cooling the oil to 40-50 ℃ through a heat exchanger, then adding 2-3% alkali liquor, controlling the adding amount to be 1-3% of the weight of the oil, and after being mixed uniformly by a mixer, carrying out a retention reaction for 10-30 minutes; after the reaction is finished, carrying out vacuum drying on the deacidified soybean oil for 15-20 minutes at the temperature of 100-105 ℃ and under the pressure of-0.095-0.090 MPa, and then adding diatomite which is 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the oil to carry out reduced pressure filtration to obtain the deacidified soybean oil;
step three, performing visible light illumination pretreatment on the deacidified soybean oil obtained in the step two, wherein the illumination pretreatment process comprises the following steps: starting a 300W xenon lamp visible light source at a position about 30cm away from the upper surface of the deacidified oil at a stirring speed of 200-500 r/min to keep the illumination intensity of the upper surface of the deacidified oil at about 280-450 mW/cm 2 And performing light treatment for 30-45 minutes.
Step four, adding activated clay into the light-treated soybean oil obtained in the step three for decolorization treatment, wherein the decolorization treatment process comprises the following steps: heating the soybean oil after the illumination treatment to 70-85 ℃, adding activated clay with the weight of 0.6-0.8% of the weight of the oil, stirring and homogenizing for 5-10 minutes, and decoloring for 25-30 minutes under the conditions that the vacuum degree is-0.095-0.090 MPa and the stirring speed is 150-185 r/min; after the decolorization reaction is finished, carrying out vacuum cooling to 18-25 ℃, and carrying out vacuum filtration to obtain decolorized soybean oil;
step five, deodorizing the decolorized soybean oil obtained in the step four, wherein the deodorizing process comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the decolorized soybean oil in a heater with the vacuum degree of-0.095 to-0.090 MPa, heating to 95-105 ℃, introducing steam, gradually heating to 200-235 ℃, performing deodorization treatment for 60-120 minutes, cooling, filling nitrogen, and packaging to obtain the properly processed finished soybean oil.
Example 1:
step one
The crude soybean oil is prepared by an extrusion-puffing leaching method, the prepared crude soybean oil has the original smell and taste of the crude soybean oil and no peculiar smell, the impurity content is less than 0.2 percent, the solvent residue is less than 100mg/kg, the acid value is less than or equal to 4mg/g, and the peroxide value is less than or equal to 0.25g/100 g. The crude oil contains triglyceride about 94.4%, phospholipid about 3.7%, unsaponifiable matter about 1.3-1.6%, free fatty acid about 0.3-0.7%, and hydrocarbons about 0.38%.
Step two
Heating the prepared crude soybean oil in a storage tank to 70 ℃, adding phosphoric acid with the concentration of 85 percent, wherein the adding amount is 0.10 percent of the weight of the oil, and after the mixture is homogenized and mixed by a mixer, the mixture is retained for reaction for 15 minutes; after the acid reaction is finished, cooling the oil temperature to 40 ℃ through a heat exchanger, then adding 2% alkali liquor, controlling the adding amount to be 1.5% of the weight of the oil, and after being mixed homogeneously by a mixer, staying for reacting for 25 minutes; after the reaction is finished, the deacidified soybean oil is dried in vacuum for 20 minutes at the temperature of 105 ℃ and the pressure of-0.090 MPa, and then diatomite with the filter aid of 0.1 percent of the weight of the oil is added for reduced pressure filtration to obtain the deacidified soybean oil.
Step three
Deacidified soybean oil was stirred at 350r/min with a 300W xenon visible light source 30cm from the upper surface of the deacidified oil to maintain an illumination intensity of about 352mW/cm at the upper surface 2 And irradiating for 30 minutes.
Step four
Heating the irradiated soybean oil to 85 ℃, adding activated clay which accounts for 0.8 percent of the weight of the oil, stirring and homogenizing for 10 minutes, and decoloring for 30 minutes under the conditions that the vacuum degree is-0.090 MPa and the stirring speed is 185 r/min; after the decolorization reaction is finished, the soybean oil is cooled to 25 ℃ in vacuum and is filtered in vacuum to obtain the decolorized soybean oil.
Step five
Heating the decolorized soybean oil to 105 ℃ in a heater with the vacuum degree of-0.090 MPa, introducing steam, gradually heating to 235 ℃, deodorizing for 95 minutes, cooling, filling nitrogen, and packaging to obtain the final product soybean oil with moderate processing. The moderately processed finished soybean oil: has the original odor and taste of the soybean crude oil, has no peculiar smell, and has Y6 color and R0.6; the acid value is 0.03mg KOH/g; peroxide value 1.81 mmol/kg; the water content is less than 0.01 percent and reaches the national standard of first-grade oil.
Example 2:
step one
The crude soybean oil is prepared by an extrusion-puffing leaching method, the prepared crude soybean oil has the original smell and taste of the crude soybean oil and no peculiar smell, the impurity content is less than 0.2 percent, the solvent residue is less than 100mg/kg, the acid value is less than or equal to 4mg/g, and the peroxide value is less than or equal to 0.25g/100 g. The crude oil contains triglyceride about 94.4%, phospholipid about 3.7%, unsaponifiable matter about 1.3-1.6%, free fatty acid about 0.3-0.7%, and hydrocarbons about 0.38%.
Step two
Heating the prepared crude soybean oil in a storage tank to 70 ℃, adding phosphoric acid with the concentration of 85 percent, wherein the adding amount is 0.10 percent of the weight of the oil, and after the mixture is homogenized and mixed by a mixer, the mixture is retained for reaction for 15 minutes; after the acid reaction is finished, cooling the oil temperature to 40 ℃ through a heat exchanger, then adding 2% alkali liquor, controlling the adding amount to be 1.5% of the weight of the oil, and after the mixture is homogenized and mixed by a mixer, staying for reaction for 25 minutes; after the reaction is finished, the deacidified soybean oil is dried in vacuum for 20 minutes at the temperature of 105 ℃ and the pressure of-0.090 MPa, and then diatomite with the filter aid of 0.1 percent of the weight of the oil is added for reduced pressure filtration to obtain the deacidified soybean oil.
Step three
Stirring deacidified soybean oil at 350r/min, and starting 300W xenon visible light source 30cm away from the upper surface of deacidified oil to maintain the illumination intensity of the upper surface at 352mW/cm 2 And irradiating for 40 minutes.
Step four
Heating the irradiated soybean oil to 85 ℃, adding activated clay which accounts for 0.7 percent of the weight of the oil, stirring and homogenizing for 10 minutes, and decoloring for 30 minutes under the conditions that the vacuum degree is-0.090 MPa and the stirring speed is 160 r/min; after the decolorization reaction is finished, the soybean oil is cooled to 25 ℃ in vacuum and is filtered in vacuum to obtain the decolorized soybean oil.
Step five
Heating the decolorized soybean oil to 105 deg.C in a heater with vacuum degree of-0.090 MPa, introducing steam, gradually heating to 230 deg.C, deodorizing for 100 min, cooling, introducing nitrogen, and packaging to obtain final product soybean oil. The moderately processed finished soybean oil: has the original odor and taste of the soybean crude oil, has no peculiar smell, and has Y5 color and R0.5; the acid value is 0.04mg KOH/g; peroxide value 1.85 mmol/kg; the water content is less than 0.01 percent and reaches the national standard of first-grade oil.
Example 3:
step one
The crude soybean oil is prepared by an extrusion-puffing leaching method, the prepared crude soybean oil has the original smell and taste of the crude soybean oil and no peculiar smell, the impurity content is less than 0.2 percent, the solvent residue is less than 100mg/kg, the acid value is less than or equal to 4mg/g, and the peroxide value is less than or equal to 0.25g/100 g. The crude oil contains triglyceride about 94.4%, phospholipid about 3.7%, unsaponifiable matter about 1.3-1.6%, free fatty acid about 0.3-0.7%, and hydrocarbons about 0.38%.
Step two
Heating the prepared crude soybean oil in a storage tank to 70 ℃, adding phosphoric acid with the concentration of 85 percent, wherein the adding amount is 0.10 percent of the weight of the oil, and after the mixture is homogenized and mixed by a mixer, the mixture is retained for reaction for 15 minutes; after the acid reaction is finished, cooling the oil temperature to 40 ℃ through a heat exchanger, then adding 2% alkali liquor, controlling the adding amount to be 1.5% of the weight of the oil, and after the mixture is homogenized and mixed by a mixer, staying for reaction for 25 minutes; after the reaction is finished, the deacidified soybean oil is dried in vacuum for 20 minutes at the temperature of 105 ℃ and the pressure of-0.090 MPa, and then diatomite with the filter aid of 0.1 percent of the weight of the oil is added for reduced pressure filtration to obtain the deacidified soybean oil.
Step three
Stirring deacidified soybean oil at 500r/min, and starting 300W xenon visible light source 35cm away from the upper surface of deacidified oil to maintain its upper surface illumination intensity at 298mW/cm 2 And irradiating for 40 minutes.
Step four
Heating the irradiated soybean oil to 85 ℃, adding activated clay which accounts for 0.6 percent of the weight of the oil, stirring and homogenizing for 10 minutes, and decoloring for 30 minutes under the conditions that the vacuum degree is-0.090 MPa and the stirring speed is 185 r/min; after the decolorization reaction is finished, the soybean oil is cooled to 25 ℃ in vacuum and is filtered in vacuum to obtain the decolorized soybean oil.
Step five
Heating the decolorized soybean oil to 105 ℃ in a heater with the vacuum degree of-0.090 MPa, introducing steam, gradually heating to 235 ℃, deodorizing for 95 minutes, cooling, filling nitrogen, and packaging to obtain the final product soybean oil with moderate processing. The moderately processed finished soybean oil: has the original odor and taste of the soybean crude oil, has no peculiar smell, and has Y5 color and R0.5; the acid value was 0.06mg KOH/g; peroxide value 1.91 mmol/kg; the water content is less than 0.01 percent and reaches the national standard of first-grade oil.
Comparative example 1:
step one
The crude soybean oil is prepared by an extrusion-puffing leaching method, the prepared crude soybean oil has the original smell and taste of the crude soybean oil and no peculiar smell, the impurity content is less than 0.2 percent, the solvent residue is less than 100mg/kg, the acid value is less than or equal to 4mg/g, and the peroxide value is less than or equal to 0.25g/100 g. The crude oil contains triglyceride about 94.4%, phospholipid about 3.7%, unsaponifiable matter about 1.3-1.6%, free fatty acid about 0.3-0.7%, and hydrocarbons about 0.38%.
Step two
Heating the prepared crude soybean oil in a storage tank to 70 ℃, adding phosphoric acid with the concentration of 85 percent, wherein the adding amount is 0.10 percent of the weight of the oil, and after the mixture is homogenized and mixed by a mixer, the mixture is retained for reaction for 15 minutes; after the acid reaction is finished, cooling the oil temperature to 40 ℃ through a heat exchanger, then adding 2% alkali liquor, controlling the adding amount to be 1.5% of the weight of the oil, and after the mixture is homogenized and mixed by a mixer, staying for reaction for 25 minutes; after the reaction is finished, the deacidified soybean oil is dried in vacuum for 20 minutes at the temperature of 105 ℃ and the pressure of-0.090 MPa, and then diatomite with the filter aid of 0.1 percent of the weight of the oil is added for reduced pressure filtration to obtain the deacidified soybean oil.
Step three
Heating deacidified soybean oil to 110 ℃, adding activated clay which is 1.5 percent of the weight of the oil, stirring and homogenizing for 10 minutes, and decolorizing for 30 minutes under the conditions of vacuum degree of-0.090 MPa and stirring speed of 185 r/min; after the decolorization reaction is finished, the soybean oil is cooled to 25 ℃ in vacuum and is filtered in vacuum to obtain the decolorized soybean oil.
Step four
Heating the decolorized soybean oil to 105 ℃ in a heater with the vacuum degree of-0.090 MPa, introducing steam, gradually heating to 235 ℃, deodorizing for 95 minutes, cooling, filling nitrogen, and packaging to obtain the final product soybean oil with moderate processing. The moderately processed finished soybean oil: has the original odor and taste of the soybean crude oil, has no peculiar smell, and has Y6 color and R0.5; the acid value is 0.07mg KOH/g; peroxide value 1.96 mmol/kg; the water content is less than 0.01 percent and reaches the national standard of first-grade oil.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The processing method of the soybean oil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): preparing crude soybean oil;
step (2): carrying out long mixed alkali refining on the crude soybean oil prepared in the step (1), drying in vacuum, adding diatomite, and carrying out reduced pressure filtration to obtain deacidified soybean oil;
and (3): performing visible light illumination pretreatment on the deacidified soybean oil obtained in the step (2);
and (4): adding activated clay into the soybean oil subjected to visible light illumination treatment in the step (3), stirring, heating to 70-85 ℃, and decoloring for 30-40 minutes in a vacuum state;
and (5): and (4) deodorizing the decolorized soybean oil obtained in the step (4) to obtain the finished soybean oil.
2. The method for processing soybean oil according to claim 1, wherein the step (2): and (2) carrying out long alkali mixing refining on the crude soybean oil prepared in the step (1), carrying out vacuum drying, adding filter aid diatomite accounting for 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the oil, and carrying out reduced pressure filtration to obtain the deacidified soybean oil.
3. The processing method of soybean oil according to claim 1, wherein the visible light irradiation pretreatment process in step (3) is as follows: the using intensity is 280-450 mW/cm 2 The visible light irradiation treatment is carried out for 30 to 45 minutes.
4. The method for processing soybean oil according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of the activated clay in the step (4) in the light-treated soybean oil is 0.6-0.8% by weight of the oil.
5. The processing method of soybean oil according to claim 1, wherein the crude soybean oil in step (1) is prepared by selecting: screw pressing, direct leaching or extrusion-puffing leaching.
6. The processing method of soybean oil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the long alkali mixing process in the step (2) comprises: preheating a crude oil storage tank to 65-75 ℃, adding phosphoric acid with the concentration of 75-85% and the addition amount of 0.05-0.15% of the weight of the oil, and after mixing, carrying out a retention reaction for 15-30 minutes; and after the acid reaction is finished, cooling the oil to 40-50 ℃, adding 2-3% alkali liquor, wherein the addition amount is 1-3% of the weight of the oil, mixing, and then performing a retention reaction for 10-30 minutes to obtain the deacidified soybean oil.
7. The method for processing soybean oil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vacuum drying requirement in the step (2) is: and (3) drying the deacidified soybean oil in vacuum for 15-20 minutes at the temperature of 100-105 ℃ and the pressure of-0.095-0.090 MPa.
8. The method for processing soybean oil according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the visible light irradiation pretreatment in the step (3) adopts a 300W xenon lamp visible light source and is arranged at a position about 30cm away from the surface of the deacidified oil, so that the surface irradiation intensity is kept at 352mW/cm 2 And performing light treatment for 30-45 minutes at a stirring speed of 200-500 r/min.
9. The method for processing soybean oil according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the decolorization treatment in step (4) is: heating the soybean oil after the illumination treatment to 70-85 ℃, adding activated clay which is 0.6-0.8% of the weight of the oil, and decoloring for 30-40 minutes under the conditions that the vacuum degree is-0.095-0.090 MPa and the stirring speed is 150-185 r/min.
10. The method for processing soybean oil according to claim 1, wherein the deodorization process in the step (5) is: and (3) placing the decolorized soybean oil in a heater with the vacuum degree of-0.095 to-0.090 MPa, heating to 95-105 ℃, introducing steam, gradually heating to 200-235 ℃, and performing deodorization treatment for 60-120 minutes to obtain the finished product soybean oil.
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