CN114805212A - Lipids and lipid compositions for delivery of therapeutic or prophylactic agents - Google Patents
Lipids and lipid compositions for delivery of therapeutic or prophylactic agents Download PDFInfo
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- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
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- A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
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- A61K47/20—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing sulfur, e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], docusate, sodium lauryl sulfate or aminosulfonic acids
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- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
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- C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
- C07C323/50—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C323/51—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
- C07C323/52—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
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- C12N2770/20011—Coronaviridae
- C12N2770/20034—Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein
Abstract
The invention discloses lipids and lipid compositions for delivering therapeutic or prophylactic agents, belonging to the technical field of biomedicine, and discloses ionizable cationic compounds, which have a structural formula shown as a formula (I), a formula (II) or a formula (III), and the application of the ionizable cationic compounds comprises at least one of the following 1) to 4), 1) encapsulating the therapeutic or prophylactic agent; 2) in vitro cell transfection of therapeutic or prophylactic agents; 3) preparing a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for in vivo delivery; 4) a transfection kit was prepared. The complex comprises a therapeutic or prophylactic agent and a carrier for delivering the therapeutic or prophylactic agent, which carrier is an ionizable cationic compound as described above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof. The complex provided by the invention has higher transfection efficiency, good delivery efficiency and lower toxicity, can be applied to in vivo and in vitro delivery of therapeutic agents or prophylactic agents, particularly nucleic acid drugs, solves the problem of difficult delivery of nucleic acid drugs, and promotes the development of nucleic acid drugs.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention is in the field of biomedical technology, and in particular relates to lipids and lipid compositions for the delivery of therapeutic or prophylactic agents.
Background
As a large class of emerging medicine fields, nucleic acid medicines have the characteristics of fast design, wide application, high safety and the like, and are one of the main directions of future medicine development. However, the in vivo application of nucleic acid drugs faces enormous challenges due to their poor cell penetration and their easy degradation. Therefore, development of specific compounds and delivery systems is required to improve this situation, so as to promote that nucleic acid drugs can be used as important means for disease prevention and treatment. Currently, liposomes prepared from ionizable cationic lipids are a safer and more effective means for delivering nucleic acid drugs, but few ionizable lipids are available on the market and require extensive design and screening.
Find and apply for the existing documents and patentsChinese patent application with publication number CN 112979483A discloses a cationic lipid compound, a composition containing the same and application thereof, and provides a general formula
The cationic lipid compound can be used for delivering DNA, RNA or small molecule drugs, enriches the types of the cationic lipid compound, and has important significance for the development and application of nucleic acid preventive and therapeutic agents. The Chinese patent application with application publication number CN 113185421A discloses a lipid compound and a composition thereof, and provides a general formula
The lipid compound has better delivery effect than the ionizable lipid with the fat chain structure. When the lipid nanoparticles are formed with other lipid components, mRNA or drug molecules can be effectively delivered into cells to perform biological functions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compound with higher transfection efficiency, good delivery efficiency and excellent biosafety, which can be used for preparing a pharmaceutical composition or a vaccine composition.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
an ionizable cationic compound represented by structural formula (I) or (II) or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, isomer or prodrug thereof,
in the formula (I), the first and second groups of,
L 1 is-C (═ O) OR a 、-C(＝O)R a 、-S(＝O)R a 、-S(＝O) 2 R a 、-C(＝O)SR a 、-C(＝S)SR a 、-C(＝S)R a 、C(＝O)NR b R c 、-P(＝O)(OR b )(OR c ) or-P (═ O) (R) b )(R c )；
R 1 And R 2 Each independently is H, optionally substituted C1-C24 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C24 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C24 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkynyl, optionally substituted 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C6-C10 aryl, or 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl;
R 3 and R 4 Each independently is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 (amide) amine, optionally substituted C1-C6 (thio) alcohol, optionally substituted C1-C6 (thio) ether, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkynyl, optionally substituted 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C6-C10 aryl, or 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl;
X 1 、X 2 and X 3 Each independently O, S, Se, -N (R) b )、-C(＝O)OR b 、-P(R b ) or-P (═ O) (R) b )；
R a Is H, optionally substituted C1-C24 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C24 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C24 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkynyl, optionally substituted 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C6-C10 aryl, or 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl;
R b and R c Each independently is H, optionally substituted C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C12 alkenyl, or optionally substituted C2-C12 alkynyl;
m and n are each independently an integer of 0 to 6.
The cationic compound or the salt, solvate or isomer or prodrug thereof which can be used for medicines can be used for preparing lipid nanoparticles for medicine delivery, and a lipid nanoparticle delivery system consisting of the cationic compound or the salt, solvate or isomer or prodrug thereof which can be used for medicines can be applied to in-vivo and in-vitro delivery of the medicines, has higher transfection efficiency, good delivery efficiency and lower toxicity, can be used as a new delivery method of the medicines, particularly nucleic acid medicines, solves the problem of difficult delivery of the nucleic acid medicines, and promotes the development of the nucleic acid medicines.
Optionally, the pharmaceutically acceptable salts are acid addition salts or base addition salts.
Optionally, R 1 And R 2 Each independently H, unsubstituted C1-C24 linear alkyl, unsubstituted C2-C24 alkenyl, or unsubstituted C2-C24 alkynyl.
The invention also provides an application of the ionizable cationic compound shown in the structural formula (I), or (II), or (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, isomer or prodrug thereof, which comprises at least one of the following 1) to 4),
1) encapsulating a therapeutic or prophylactic agent;
2) in vitro cell transfection of therapeutic or prophylactic agents;
3) preparing a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for in vivo delivery of the agent;
4) a transfection kit was prepared.
The invention also provides a composite comprising,
-a therapeutic or prophylactic agent;
-a carrier for the delivery of a therapeutic or prophylactic agent, the carrier being an ionizable cationic compound of the formula (I) or (II) or (III) as defined above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or isomer or prodrug thereof.
The complex provided by the invention has higher transfection efficiency, good delivery efficiency and excellent biological safety, can be applied to in vivo and in vitro delivery of therapeutic agents or prophylactic agents, particularly nucleic acid drugs, solves the problem of difficult delivery of nucleic acid drugs, and promotes the development of nucleic acid drugs.
Optionally, the therapeutic or prophylactic agent is selected from at least one of nucleic acid drugs, small molecule drugs, protein drugs, and pharmaceutically active molecules.
Optionally, the complex further comprises a phospholipid and/or a structural lipid and/or a polyglycolized lipid.
Optionally, the molar ratio of the carrier, phospholipid, structural lipid and polyglycolized lipid is 10-100:0-50:0-50: 0-50.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the compound, which comprises the following steps,
-dissolving the support in an organic solvent to obtain an organic phase solution;
-adding the therapeutic or prophylactic agent to the buffer to obtain an aqueous phase solution;
-mixing the organic phase solution and the aqueous phase solution to obtain a composite;
or, the above-mentioned preparation method, comprising,
-dissolving the carrier, therapeutic or prophylactic agent in an organic solvent to obtain an organic phase solution;
-mixing the organic phase solution and the aqueous phase solution, said aqueous phase solution being pure water or a buffer solution, to obtain a complex.
The invention also provides the application of the compound in preparing a medicament or vaccine composition.
The invention adopts the ionizable cationic compound shown in structural formula (I), or (II), or (III), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, isomer or prodrug thereof to prepare the compound, thereby having the following beneficial effects: the compound provided by the invention is lipid nanoparticles, the size of the nanoparticles is uniform, the particle size is 30-300nm, the Zeta potential is-30 mV, and the encapsulation rate is more than or equal to 90%; the compound provided by the invention has excellent biological safety, low toxicity to cells and no hemolysis phenomenon; the compound provided by the invention has higher transfection efficiency, and is superior to the lipid nanoparticles of SM-102 and Dlin-MC3 on the market at present; the complex provided by the invention has good delivery efficiency, and the capability of delivering the Luciferase mRNA in small animals is superior to that of SM-102 on the market at present. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a complex having high transfection efficiency, good delivery efficiency and excellent biosafety, which can be applied to in vivo and in vitro delivery of therapeutic or prophylactic agents, particularly nucleic acid drugs, solving the problem of difficulty in nucleic acid drug delivery, and promoting the development of nucleic acid drugs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a hydrogen spectrum of Compound 1-1;
FIG. 2 is a hydrogen spectrum of compound 1-2;
FIG. 3 is a hydrogen spectrum of compounds 1-3;
FIG. 4 is a hydrogen spectrum of Compound 1;
FIG. 5 is a hydrogen spectrum of Compound 2;
FIG. 6 is a hydrogen spectrum of Compound 3-1;
FIG. 7 is a hydrogen spectrum of Compound 3;
FIG. 8 is a hydrogen spectrum of Compound 4-2;
FIG. 9 is a hydrogen spectrum of Compound 4;
FIG. 10 is a hydrogen spectrum of Compound 5;
FIG. 11 is a hydrogen spectrum of Compound 6-1;
FIG. 12 is a hydrogen spectrum of Compound 6;
FIG. 13 is a hydrogen spectrum of Compound 7-1;
FIG. 14 is a hydrogen spectrum of Compound 7;
FIG. 15 is a hydrogen spectrum of Compound 8-2;
FIG. 16 is a hydrogen spectrum of Compound 8;
FIG. 17 is a hydrogen spectrum of compound 9-2;
fig. 18 is a hydrogen spectrum of compound 9;
FIG. 19 shows the transfection efficiency of lipid nanoparticles for transfection of Luciferase mRNA in examples 12 to 20;
FIG. 20 shows hemolysis of lipid nanoparticles of examples 10 to 20;
FIG. 21 is the cytotoxicity of lipid nanoparticles of examples 10-20;
FIG. 22 is a fluorescence diagram of transfection of lipid nanoparticles of examples 21-29 and example 31;
FIG. 23 is the cytotoxicity of lipid nanoparticles of examples 22-31;
FIG. 24 is a photograph of animal fluorescence images of lipid nanoparticles of examples 10-12;
FIG. 25 is the effect of lipid nanoparticles of examples 32-37 on the delivery of SARS-CoV2 Spike mRNA.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which are given for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The examples provided below serve as a guide for further modifications by a person skilled in the art and do not constitute a limitation of the invention in any way.
One embodiment of the present invention provides an ionizable cationic compound represented by structural formula (I) or (II) or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, isomer, or prodrug thereof,
in the following formulas, the first and second groups,
L 1 is-C (═ O) OR a 、-C(＝O)R a 、-S(＝O)R a 、-S(＝O) 2 R a 、-C(＝O)SR a 、-C(＝S)SR a 、-C(＝S)R a 、C(＝O)NR b R c 、-P(＝O)(OR b )(OR c ) or-P (═ O) (R) b )(R c )；
R 1 And R 2 Each independently is H, optionally substituted C1-C24 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C24 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C24 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkynyl, optionally substituted 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C6-C10 aryl, or 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl;
R 3 and R 4 Each independently is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 (amide) amine, optionally substituted C1-C6 (thio) alcohol, optionally substituted C1-C6 (thio) ether, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkynylA substituted 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted C6-C10 aryl, or a 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl;
X 1 、X 2 and X 3 Each independently O, S, Se, -N (R) b )、-C(＝O)OR b 、-P(R b ) or-P (═ O) (R) b )；
R a Is H, optionally substituted C1-C24 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C24 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C24 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkynyl, optionally substituted 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C6-C10 aryl, or 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl;
R b and R c Each independently is H, optionally substituted C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C12 alkenyl, or optionally substituted C2-C12 alkynyl;
m and n are each independently an integer of 0 to 6.
The cationic compound or the salt, solvate or isomer or prodrug thereof available to the drug can be used for preparing the lipid nanoparticles for drug delivery, and a lipid nanoparticle delivery system consisting of the cationic compound or the salt, solvate or isomer or prodrug thereof available to the drug can be applied to in-vivo and in-vitro delivery of the drug, has high transfection efficiency, good delivery efficiency and low toxicity, can be used as a new delivery method of the drug, particularly the nucleic acid drug, solves the problem of difficulty in delivery of the nucleic acid drug, and promotes the development of the nucleic acid drug.
In one embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is an acid addition salt or a base addition salt.
In one embodiment, R 1 And R 2 Each independently H, unsubstituted C1-C24 straight chain alkyl, unsubstituted C2-C24 alkenyl, or unsubstituted C2-C24 alkynyl.
Preferably, R 1 And R 2 Not H at the same time.
In one embodiment, R 3 And R 4 Each independently of the other being unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl,Unsubstituted C1-C6 alkenyl, unsubstituted C1-C6 alkynyl or unsubstituted C1-C6 (amido) amine.
In one embodiment, X 1 、X 2 And X 3 Not O at the same time.
In one embodiment, R a Is H, unsubstituted C1-C24 straight chain alkyl, unsubstituted C2-C24 alkenyl or unsubstituted C2-C24 alkynyl.
In one embodiment, R b And R c Each independently H, unsubstituted C1-C12 alkyl, unsubstituted C2-C12 alkenyl, or unsubstituted C2-C12 alkynyl.
In one embodiment, m and n are each independently 1,2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
Preferably, in the structural formula (I) or (II) or (III),
L 1 is-C (═ O) OR 1 ；
R 1 Is H;
R 2 is unsubstituted C1-C24 linear alkyl or unsubstituted C2-C24 alkenyl or unsubstituted C2-C24 alkynyl;
R 3 is unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C1-C6 alkenyl, unsubstituted C1-C6 alkynyl or unsubstituted C1-C6 (amido) amine;
R 4 is unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, unsubstituted C1-C6 alkenyl, unsubstituted C1-C6 alkynyl or unsubstituted C1-C6 (amido) amine;
X 1 is O, S or-N (R) b )；
X 2 Is O, S or-N (R) b )；
X 3 Is O, S, -C (═ O) OR b or-N (R) b )；
R a Is H, unsubstituted C1-C24 straight chain alkyl, unsubstituted C2-C24 alkenyl or unsubstituted C2-C24 alkynyl;
R b is H, unsubstituted C1-C12 alkyl or unsubstituted C2-C12 alkenyl or unsubstituted C2-C12 alkynyl;
R c is H, unsubstituted C1-C12 alkyl or unsubstituted C2-C12 alkenyl or unsubstituted C2-C12 alkynyl;
m is 1,2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;
n is 1,2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
In one embodiment, the ionizable cationic compound is one or more selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following structures:
the invention also provides the use of the ionizable cationic compound shown in the structural formula (I) or (II) or (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or isomer or prodrug thereof, which comprises at least one of the following 1) to 4),
1) encapsulating a therapeutic or prophylactic agent;
2) in vitro cell transfection of therapeutic or prophylactic agents;
3) preparing a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for in vivo delivery;
4) a transfection kit was prepared.
In one embodiment, the therapeutic or prophylactic agent is selected from any at least one of a nucleic acid drug, a small molecule drug, a protein drug, and a pharmaceutically active molecule.
Preferably, the nucleic acid drug is selected from at least any one of a DNA drug and an RNA drug.
More preferably, the RNA drug is selected from any at least one of mRNA, siRNA, aiRNA, miRNA, dsRNA, aRNA, lncRNA.
Preferably, the protein drug is selected from any at least one of an antibody, an enzyme, a recombinant protein, a polypeptide, and a short peptide.
An embodiment of the invention also provides a composite comprising,
-a therapeutic or prophylactic agent;
-a carrier for the delivery of a therapeutic or prophylactic agent, the carrier being an ionizable cationic compound of formula (I) or (II) or (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or isomer or prodrug thereof.
The complex of the embodiment has higher transfection efficiency, good delivery efficiency and lower toxicity, can be applied to in vivo and in vitro delivery of therapeutic agents or prophylactic agents, particularly nucleic acid drugs, solves the problem of difficult delivery of the nucleic acid drugs, and promotes the development of the nucleic acid drugs.
In one embodiment, the therapeutic or prophylactic agent is selected from any at least one of a nucleic acid drug, a small molecule drug, a protein drug, and a pharmaceutically active molecule.
Preferably, the nucleic acid drug is selected from at least any one of a DNA drug and an RNA drug.
More preferably, the RNA drug is selected from any at least one of mRNA, siRNA, aiRNA, miRNA, dsRNA, aRNA, lncRNA.
Preferably, the protein drug is selected from any at least one of an antibody, an enzyme, a recombinant protein, a polypeptide, and a short peptide.
In one embodiment, the complex further comprises a phospholipid and/or a structural lipid and/or a polyglycolized lipid.
Preferably, the phospholipid is selected from the group consisting of 1, 2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1, 2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine, 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1, 2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1, 2-didecanoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1, 2-didecanoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine, 1, 2-di-O-octadecenyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-oleoyl-2-cholesteryl hemisuccinyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1, 2-dilinonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1, 2-dineotetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1, 2-didodecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1, 2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1, 2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1, 2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1, 2-dineoyltetraallyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1, 2-didodecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac- (1-glycero) sodium salt, dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol, palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine, dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine, 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-stearoylethanolamine, stearoylstearoylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and mixtures thereof, 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, palmitoyl oleoyl phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine.
More preferably, the phospholipid is 1, 2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC).
Preferably, the structural lipid is selected from at least one of cholesterol, beta-sitosterol, coprosterol, sitosterol, ergosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol, tomatidine, lycopene, ursolic acid, and alpha-tocopherol.
More preferably, the structural lipid is cholesterol.
Preferably, the PEG lipid is selected from any at least one of PEG-modified phosphatidylethanolamine, PEG-modified phosphatidic acid, PEG-modified ceramide, PEG-modified dialkylamine, PEG-modified diacylglycerol, and PEG-modified dialkylglycerol.
More preferably, the PEG lipid is DMG-PEG 2000.
In one embodiment, the molar ratio of carrier, phospholipid, structural lipid, and polyglycolized lipid is 10-100:0-50:0-50: 0-50.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the carrier, phospholipid, structural lipid and polyglycolized lipid is 30-80:2-20:30-50: 0.5-5.
More preferably, the molar ratio of carrier, phospholipid, structural lipid and polyglycolized lipid is 40-60:5-15:35-45: 0.5-2.
Even more preferably, the molar ratio of carrier, phospholipid, structural lipid and polyglycolized lipid is 50:10:38.5: 1.5.
In one embodiment, the complex is a lipid nanoparticle.
Preferably, the particle diameter of the lipid nanoparticle is 30-300nm, the Zeta potential is-30 to 30mV,
more preferably, the particle size of the lipid nanoparticle is 90-150nm, and the Zeta potential of the lipid nanoparticle is-10 to 30 mV.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the compound, which comprises the following steps,
-dissolving the support in an organic solvent to obtain an organic phase solution;
-adding the therapeutic or prophylactic agent to the buffer to obtain an aqueous phase solution;
-mixing the organic phase solution and the aqueous phase solution to obtain a composite;
or, the above-mentioned preparation method, comprising,
-dissolving the carrier, therapeutic or prophylactic agent in an organic solvent to obtain an organic phase solution;
-mixing the organic phase solution and the aqueous phase solution, said aqueous phase solution being pure water or a buffer solution, to obtain a complex.
In one embodiment, the organic solvent is at least one of methanol, ethanol, propanol, tert-butanol, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, and N-methylpyrrolidone.
In one embodiment, the buffer is a citrate buffer.
Preferably, the concentration of citrate buffer is 5-80mM, and the pH of citrate buffer is 2-6.
More preferably, the concentration of citrate buffer is 10-50mM, and the pH of citrate buffer is 3-5.
In one embodiment, the volume ratio of the organic phase solution to the aqueous phase solution is 1:1 to 10.
In one embodiment, the N/P of the complex is 1-15.
Preferably, the N/P of the complex is 4-12.
The invention also provides an application of the complex in preparing a medicine or vaccine composition.
The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1:
the synthesis method of the ionizable cationic compound 1 comprises the following steps:
a method for synthesizing an ionizable cationic compound 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1: synthesis of Compound 1-1
To a solution of acryloyl chloride (900mg,10mmol, 1equiv.) and (9Z,12Z) -octadecane-9, 12-dien-1-ol (2.66g,10mmol, 1equiv.) in dichloromethane (60mL) was slowly added triethylamine (2.4mL,15mmol,1.5equiv.) at zero degrees. After stirring for an additional 2 hours, TLC monitoring showed complete disappearance of alcohol. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM (100mL) and washed with water (100mL) and brine (100 mL). The organic layers were combined and washed with Na 2 SO 4 Drying and removal of the solvent in vacuo afforded the crude product which was purified by column chromatography (silica gel column, eluent 5% EA in n-hexane by volume) and the pure product fraction was evaporated to afford compound 1-1 as a colourless oil (3.1g, 93% yield). The hydrogen spectrum of compound 1-1 is shown in FIG. 1, 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ6.38(dd,J＝17.4,1.5Hz,1H),6.10(dd,J＝17.3,10.4Hz,1H),5.79(dd,J＝10.4,1.6Hz,1H),5.45-5.28(m,4H),4.13(t,J＝6.7Hz,2H),2.76(t,J＝6.5Hz,2H),2.04(q,J＝6.8Hz,4H),1.79-1.56(m,2H),1.53-1.18(m,16H),0.98-0.70(m,3H).LCMS：MS m/z(ESI):320.7[M+H] + 。
step 2: synthesis of Compound 1-2
Compound 1-1(3.1g,9.3mmol, 1equiv.) was dissolved in a 60 degree solution of tetrahydrofuran (60mL), and paraformaldehyde (1.84g,46mmol,5equiv.), DABCO (5.15g,46mmol,5equiv.) and 10mL of water were added in that order. After stirring was continued for 12 hours, TLC monitoring showed complete disappearance of Compound 1-1. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100mL) and washed with water (100mL) and brine (100 mL). The organic layers were combined and washed with Na 2 SO 4 Drying and removing in vacuumThe solvent is removed to obtain the crude product. The crude product was dissolved in DCM (80mL) and Boc was added 2 O (3.04g,14mmol,1.5equiv.) and DMAP (113mg,0.93mmol, 0.1 equiv.). After stirring for an additional 2 hours, TLC monitoring showed complete disappearance of starting material, solvent was removed in vacuo and purified by column chromatography (silica gel column, eluent 1-5% EA (volume%) in n-hexane) and the pure product fractions were evaporated to give compound 1-2 as a colorless oil (3.6g, 84% yield). The hydrogen spectrum of compound 1-2 is shown in FIG. 2, 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ6.35(q,J＝1.1Hz,1H),5.85(q,J＝1.5Hz,1H),5.50-5.09(m,4H),4.79(t,J＝1.3Hz,2H),4.16(t,J＝6.7Hz,2H),2.91–2.66(m,2H),2.21-1.91(m,4H),1.72-1.60(m,2H),1.48(s,9H),1.39-1.21(m,16H),0.94-0.82(m,3H).LCMS：MS m/z(ESI):450.9[M+H] + 。
and step 3: synthesis of Compounds 1-3
Compound 1-2(135mg,0.3mmol, 1.0equiv.) was dissolved in 60 degree DCE (5mL) solution, and 1-octadecanol (116mg,0.6mmol,2.0equiv.) and DABCO (3.4mg,0.03mmol, 0.1equiv.) were added sequentially. After stirring for an additional 12 hours, TLC monitoring indicated complete disappearance of compounds 1-2. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product and purified by column chromatography (silica gel column, eluent 1-3% EA in n-hexane by volume) and the pure product fractions were evaporated to give compound 1-3 as a colorless oil (128mg, 71% yield). The hydrogen spectra of compounds 1-3 are shown in figure 3, 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ6.28(q,J＝1.5Hz,1H),5.86(t,J＝1.8Hz,1H),5.43-5.27(m,4H),4.24-4.06(m,4H),3.48(t,J＝6.7Hz,2H),2.77(t,J＝6.7Hz,2H),2.05(q,J＝6.9Hz,4H),1.72-1.55(m,4H),1.39-1.17(m,46H),0.88(td,J＝6.9,4.1Hz,6H).LCMS：MS m/z(ESI):603.2[M+H] + 。
and 4, step 4: synthesis of Compound 1
Compound 1-3(60mg,0.1mmol, 1.0equiv.) was dissolved in 50 degrees DCM/MeOH (4/1mL) solution and 3- (dimethylamino) -1-propanethiol (60mg,0.5mmol,5.0equiv.) was added. After stirring for an additional 12 hours, TLC monitoring indicated complete disappearance of compounds 1-3. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product and purified by column chromatography (silica gel column, eluent dichloromethane containing 5-10% MeOH (vol.%))Solution) and the pure product fractions were evaporated to give compound 1(36mg, 51% yield) as a colorless oil. The hydrogen spectrum of compound 1 is shown in figure 4, 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ5.60-5.19(m,4H),4.10(td,J＝6.7,1.4Hz,2H),3.77-3.50(m,2H),3.39(td,J＝6.6,2.1Hz,2H),2.98-2.69(m,7H),2.55(t,J＝7.3Hz,2H),2.47-2.32(m,2H),2.25(s,6H),2.04(q,J＝6.8Hz,4H),1.76(p,J＝7.3Hz,2H),1.63(p,J＝6.9Hz,2H),1.51(q,J＝6.8Hz,2H),1.40-1.12(m,46H),0.88(td,J＝6.9,4.5Hz,6H).LCMS：MS m/z(ESI):722.7[M+H] + 。
example 2:
the synthesis method of the ionizable cationic compound 2 comprises the following steps:
the compounds 1-3(60mg,0.05mmol, 1.0equiv.) from example 1 were dissolved in 50 degrees of DCM/MeOH (2/0.5mL) solution and histamine (28mg,0.25mmol,5.0equiv.) was added. After stirring for an additional 12 hours, TLC monitoring indicated complete disappearance of compounds 1-3. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product and purified by column chromatography (silica gel column, eluent 5-10% MeOH in dichloromethane by volume) and the pure product fractions were evaporated to give compound 2 as a colorless oil (16mg, 45% yield). The hydrogen spectrum of compound 2 is shown in figure 5, 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.53(d,J＝4.6Hz,1H),6.81(s,1H),5.53-5.15(m,4H),4.22-4.05(m,2H),3.79-3.63(m,2H),3.47-3.33(m,2H),3.28-3.00(m,4H),2.94-2.86(m,2H),2.77(t,J＝6.5Hz,2H),2.04(p,J＝8.7,7.7Hz,4H),1.62(d,J＝7.6Hz,2H),1.50(d,J＝6.5Hz,2H),1.36-1.13(m,49H),0.88(td,J＝6.8,4.0Hz,6H).LCMS：MS m/z(ESI):713.6[M+H] + 。
example 3:
the synthesis method of the ionizable cationic compound 3 comprises the following steps:
a method of synthesizing an ionizable cationic compound 3, comprising the steps of:
step 1: synthesis of Compound 3-1
The compound 1-2(135mg,0.3mmol, 1.0equiv.) obtained in example 1 was dissolved in a 60 degree DCE (5mL) solution, and (9Z,12Z) -octadecane-9, 12-dien-1-ol (116mg,0.6mmol,2.0equiv.) and DABCO (3.4mg,0.03mmol, 0.1equiv.) were added in that order. After stirring for an additional 12 hours, TLC monitoring indicated complete disappearance of compounds 1-2. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product and purified by column chromatography (silica gel column, eluent 1-3% EA in n-hexane by volume) and the pure product fractions were evaporated to give compound 3-1 as a colorless oil (131mg, 73% yield). The hydrogen spectrum of compound 3-1 is shown in FIG. 6, 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ6.21(d,J＝1.6Hz,1H),5.78(d,J＝2.0Hz,1H),5.29(qd,J＝11.1,9.6,3.9Hz,8H),4.07(dd,J＝13.9,7.2Hz,4H),3.41(t,J＝6.6Hz,2H),2.70(t,J＝6.5Hz,4H),1.98(q,J＝6.9Hz,8H),1.69-1.46(m,4H),1.40-1.04(m,32H),0.82(t,J＝6.7Hz,6H).LCMS：MS m/z(ESI):599.2[M+H] + 。
step 2: synthesis of Compound 3
Compound 3-1(30mg,0.05mmol, 1.0equiv.) was dissolved in 50 degrees DCM/MeOH (4/1mL) solution and 3- (dimethylamino) -1-propanethiol (30mg,0.25mmol,5.0equiv.) was added. After stirring was continued for 12 hours, TLC monitoring showed complete disappearance of Compound 3-1. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product and purified by column chromatography (silica gel column, eluent 5-10% MeOH in dichloromethane by volume) and the pure product fractions were evaporated to give compound 3 as a colorless oil (20mg, 55% yield). The hydrogen spectrum of compound 3 is shown in figure 7, 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ5.36(qq,J＝10.6,6.9Hz,8H),4.11(t,J＝6.7Hz,2H),3.76-3.56(m,2H),3.40(td,J＝6.6,2.1Hz,2H),2.93-2.68(m,7H),2.59-2.50(m,2H),2.38(t,J＝7.3Hz,2H),2.25(s,6H),2.05(q,J＝6.9Hz,8H),1.76(p,J＝7.3Hz,2H),1.63(p,J＝6.8Hz,2H),1.52(q,J＝6.7Hz,2H),1.47-1.12(m,32H),0.89(t,J＝6.7Hz,6H).LCMS：MS m/z(ESI):718.3[M+H] + 。
example 4:
the synthesis method of the ionizable cationic compound 4 comprises the following steps:
a method of synthesizing an ionizable cationic compound 4, comprising the steps of:
step 1: synthesis of Compound 4-2
Compound 4-1(107mg,0.3mmol, 1.0equiv.) was dissolved in 60 ° DCE (5mL) solution, and (9Z,12Z) -octadecane-9, 12-dien-1-ol (116mg,0.6mmol,2.0equiv.) and DABCO (3.4mg,0.03mmol, 0.1equiv.) were added in that order. After stirring was continued for 12 hours, TLC monitoring showed complete disappearance of Compound 4-1. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product and purified by column chromatography (silica gel column, eluent 1-3% EA in n-hexane by volume) and the pure product fractions were evaporated to give compound 4-2 as a colorless oil (118mg, 78% yield). The hydrogen spectrum of compound 4-2 is shown in FIG. 8, 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ6.28(q,J＝1.5Hz,1H),5.85(q,J＝1.8Hz,1H),5.43-5.27(m,4H),4.19-4.11(m,4H),3.48(t,J＝6.6Hz,2H),2.77(t,J＝6.5Hz,2H),2.05(q,J＝6.8Hz,4H),1.68(dt,J＝7.9,6.4Hz,2H),1.63-1.57(m,2H),1.40-1.21(m,32H),0.89(td,J＝6.9,3.7Hz,6H).LCMS：MS m/z(ESI):505.2[M+H] + 。
step 2: synthesis of Compound 4
Compound 4-2(25mg,0.05mmol, 1.0equiv.) was dissolved in 50 deg.C DCM/MeOH (4/1mL) and 3- (dimethylamino) -1-propanethiol (30mg,0.25mmol,5.0equiv.) was added. After stirring was continued for 12 hours, TLC monitoring showed complete disappearance of Compound 4-2. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product and purified by column chromatography (silica gel column, eluent 5-10% MeOH in dichloromethane by volume) and the pure product fractions were evaporated to give compound 4 as a colorless oil (20mg, 64% yield). The hydrogen spectrum of compound 4 is shown in figure 9, 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ5.49-5.22(m,4H),4.26-4.01(m,2H),3.64(pd,J＝10.3,9.5,5.3Hz,2H),3.39(td,J＝6.7,2.3Hz,2H),2.95-2.68(m,5H),2.54(td,J＝7.4,5.1Hz,2H),2.41-2.26(m,2H),2.21(s,6H),2.04(q,J＝6.9Hz,4H),1.80-1.68(m,2H),1.67-1.57(m,2H),1.52(p,J＝6.7Hz,2H),1.39-1.22(m,32H),0.88(td,J＝6.8,3.8Hz,6H).LCMS：MS m/z(ESI):624.3[M+H] + 。
example 5:
the synthesis method of the ionizable cationic compound 5 comprises the following steps:
a method of synthesizing an ionizable cationic compound 5, comprising the steps of:
compound 4-2 from example 4 (25mg,0.05mmol, 1.0equiv.) was dissolved in 50 degrees DCM/MeOH (4/1mL) and histamine (28mg,0.25mmol,5.0equiv.) was added. After stirring was continued for 12 hours, TLC monitoring showed complete disappearance of Compound 4-2. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product and purified by column chromatography (silica gel column, eluent 5-10% MeOH in dichloromethane by volume) and the pure product fractions were evaporated to give compound 5 as a colorless oil (12mg, 40% yield). The hydrogen spectrum of compound 5 is shown in figure 10, 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.51(d,J＝5.2Hz,1H),6.78(s,1H),5.35(tt,J＝11.1,5.5Hz,4H),4.33(s,2H),4.21-4.00(m,2H),3.74(ddd,J＝26.9,9.5,4.6Hz,2H),3.48-3.31(m,3H),3.31-3.05(m,4H),2.95(p,J＝5.8Hz,2H),2.77(t,J＝6.5Hz,2H),2.04(q,J＝7.0Hz,4H),1.63(p,J＝6.8Hz,2H),1.49(q,J＝6.6Hz,2H),1.40-1.18(m,32H),0.88(td,J＝6.8,3.4Hz,6H).LCMS：MS m/z(ESI):616.3[M+H] + 。
example 6:
the synthesis method of the ionizable cationic compound 6 comprises the following steps:
a method of synthesizing an ionizable cationic compound 6, comprising the steps of:
step 1: synthesis of Compound 6-1
Compound 4-1(107mg,0.3mmol, 1.0equiv.) was dissolved in 60 degree DCE (5mL) solution, and 1-dodecanol (112mg,0.6mmol,2.0equiv.) and DABCO (3.4mg,0.03mmol, 0.1equiv.) were added sequentially. After stirring was continued for 12 hours, TLC monitoring showed complete disappearance of Compound 4-1. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product and purified by column chromatography (silica gel column, eluent 1-3% EA in n-hexane by volume) and the pure product fractions were evaporated to give compound 6-1 as a colorless oil (89mg, 70% yield). The hydrogen spectrum of compound 6-1 is shown in FIG. 11, 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ6.27(d,J＝1.6Hz,1H),5.85(d,J＝1.8Hz,1H),4.20-4.02(m,4H),3.47(t,J＝6.6Hz,2H),1.72-1.50(m,4H),1.39-1.18(m,34H),0.87(t,J＝6.8Hz,6H).LCMS：MS m/z(ESI):424.4[M+H] + 。
step 2: synthesis of Compound 6
Compound 6-1(20mg,0.05mmol, 1.0equiv.) was dissolved in 50 deg.C DCM/MeOH (4/1mL) and N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-1, 2-ethylenediamine (40mg,0.25mmol,5.0equiv.) was added. After stirring was continued for 12 hours, TLC monitoring showed complete disappearance of Compound 6-1. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product and purified by column chromatography (silica gel column, eluent 5-10% MeOH in dichloromethane by volume) and the pure product fractions evaporated to give compound 6 as a colorless oil (17mg, 61% yield). The hydrogen spectrum of compound 6 is shown in figure 12, 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ5.06(s,1H),4.10(qt,J＝10.8,6.7Hz,2H),3.63(qd,J＝9.4,5.8Hz,2H),3.39(td,J＝6.7,1.5Hz,2H),3.24(t,J＝5.9Hz,2H),3.00(dd,J＝11.2,7.4Hz,2H),2.93-2.72(m,4H),1.62(p,J＝6.7Hz,2H),1.51(q,J＝6.8Hz,2H),1.44(s,9H),1.26(t,J＝4.5Hz,34H),0.87(t,J＝6.7Hz,6H).LCMS：MS m/z(ESI):585.1[M+H]+。
example 7:
the synthesis method of the ionizable cationic compound 7 comprises the following steps:
a method of synthesizing an ionizable cationic compound 7, comprising the steps of:
step 1: synthesis of Compound 7-1
Compound 4-1(107mg,0.3mmol, 1.0equiv.) was dissolved in 60 degree DCE (5mL) solution, and 1-octadecanol (162mg,0.6mmol,2.0equiv.) and DABCO (3.4mg,0.03mmol, 0.1equiv.) were added sequentially. After stirring was continued for 12 hours, TLC monitoring showed complete disappearance of Compound 4-1. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product and purified by column chromatography (silica gel column, eluent 1-3% EA in n-hexane, vol.%) and the pure product fractions were evaporated to give compound 7-1 as a colorless oil (119mg, 78% yield). The hydrogen spectrum of compound 7-1 is shown in FIG. 13, 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ6.30(q,J＝1.5Hz,1H),5.89(q,J＝1.8Hz,1H),4.28-4.23(m,2H),4.15(td,J＝6.6,1.8Hz,4H),1.72-7 1.61(m,4H),1.42-1.18(m,46H),0.87(t,J＝6.8Hz,6H).LCMS：MS m/z(ESI):508.6[M+H] + 。
step 2: synthesis of Compound 7
Compound 7-1(25mg,0.05mmol, 1.0equiv.) was dissolved in 50 degrees DCM/MeOH (4/1mL) solution and 3- (dimethylamino) -1-propanethiol (30mg,0.25mmol,5.0equiv.) was added. After stirring was continued for 12 hours, TLC monitoring showed complete disappearance of Compound 7-1. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product and purified by column chromatography (silica gel column, eluent 5-10% MeOH in dichloromethane by volume) and the pure product fractions were evaporated to give compound 10 as a colorless oil (20mg, 64% yield). The hydrogen spectrum of compound 7 is shown in figure 14, 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ4.10(td,J＝6.7,2.4Hz,2H),3.70-3.53(m,2H),3.39(td,J＝6.7,2.1Hz,2H),2.90-2.67(m,3H),2.56(t,J＝7.2Hz,2H),2.49-2.41(m,2H),2.31(s,6H),1.80(p,J＝7.3Hz,2H),1.67-1.57(m,2H),1.51(q,J＝6.8Hz,2H),1.39-1.13(m,46H),0.87(t,J＝6.7Hz,6H).LCMS：MS m/z(ESI):627.8[M+H] + 。
example 8:
the synthesis method of the ionizable cationic compound 8 comprises the following steps:
a method of synthesizing an ionizable cationic compound 8, comprising the steps of:
step 1: synthesis of Compound 8-2
Compound 8-1(136mg,0.3mmol, 1.0equiv.) was dissolved in 60 degrees DCE (5mL) solution, and (9Z,12Z) -octadecane-9, 12-dien-1-ol (116mg,0.6mmol,2.0equiv.) and DABCO (3.4mg,0.03mmol, 0.1equiv.) were added in that order. After stirring was continued for 12 hours, TLC monitoring showed complete disappearance of Compound 8-1. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product and purified by column chromatography (silica gel column, eluent 1-3% EA in n-hexane, vol.%) and the pure product fractions were evaporated to give compound 8-2 as a colorless oil (119mg, 78% yield). The hydrogen spectrum of compound 8-2 is shown in FIG. 15, 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ6.28(q,J＝1.5Hz,1H),5.85(q,J＝1.8Hz,1H),5.42-5.31(m,4H),4.23-4.10(m,4H),3.48(t,J＝6.6Hz,2H),2.95-2.70(m,2H),2.05(q,J＝6.8Hz,4H),1.71-1.63(m,2H),1.63-1.55(m,2H),1.41-1.23(m,42H),0.88(td,J＝6.8,4.1Hz,6H).LCMS：MS m/z(ESI):574.5[M+H] + 。
step 2: synthesis of Compound 8
Compound 8-2(29mg,0.05mmol, 1.0equiv.) was dissolved in 50 deg.C DCM/MeOH (4/1mL) and 3- (dimethylamino) -1-propanethiol (30mg,0.25mmol,5.0equiv.) was added. After stirring was continued for 12 hours, TLC monitoring showed complete disappearance of Compound 8-2. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product and purified by column chromatography (silica gel column, eluent 5-10% MeOH in dichloromethane by volume) and the pure product fractions evaporated to give compound 8 as a colorless oil (17mg, 50% yield). The hydrogen spectrum of compound 8 is shown in figure 16, 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ5.46-5.20(m,4H),4.10(td,J＝6.7,1.7Hz,2H),3.69-3.52(m,2H),3.39(td,J＝6.6,2.0Hz,2H),2.98-2.70(m,5H),2.56(t,J＝7.2Hz,2H),2.44(t,J＝7.4Hz,2H),2.30(s,6H),2.13-1.98(m,4H),1.79(p,J＝7.3Hz,2H),1.71-1.58(m,2H),1.52(p,J＝7.0Hz,2H),1.37-1.17(m,42H),0.88(td,J＝6.8,4.2Hz,6H).LCMS：MS m/z(ESI):694.3[M+H] + 。
example 9:
the synthesis method of the ionizable cationic compound 9 comprises the following steps:
a method of synthesizing an ionizable cationic compound 9, comprising the steps of:
step 1: synthesis of Compound 9-2
Compound 8-1(136mg,0.3mmol, 1.0equiv.) was dissolved in 60 ° DCE (5mL) solution, and 2-octyn-1-ol (77mg,0.6mmol,2.0equiv.) and DABCO (3.4mg,0.03mmol, 0.1equiv.) were added in that order. After stirring was continued for 12 hours, TLC monitoring showed complete disappearance of Compound 8-1. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product and purified by column chromatography (silica gel column, eluent 1-3% EA in n-hexane by volume) and the pure product fractions were evaporated to give compound 9-2 as a colorless oil (102mg, 74% yield). The hydrogen spectrum of compound 9-2 is shown in FIG. 17, 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ6.30(q,J＝1.5Hz,1H),5.88(q,J＝1.8Hz,1H),4.26(d,J＝1.5Hz,2H),4.19(t,J＝2.2Hz,2H),4.15(t,J＝6.7Hz,2H),2.21(tt,J＝7.1,2.2Hz,2H),1.71-1.59(m,2H),1.51(p,J＝7.1Hz,2H),1.41-1.19(m,34H),0.88(q,J＝7.2Hz,6H).LCMS：MS m/z(ESI):463.1[M+H] + 。
step 2: synthesis of Compound 9
Compound 9-2(23mg,0.05mmol, 1.0equiv.) was dissolved in 50 degrees DCM/MeOH (4/1mL) solution and 3- (dimethylamino) -1-propanethiol (30mg,0.25mmol,5.0equiv.) was added. After stirring for an additional 12 hours, TLC monitoring indicated complete disappearance of compound 9-2. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product and purified by column chromatography (silica gel column, eluent 5-10% MeOH in dichloromethane by volume) and the pure product fractions evaporated to give compound 9 as a colorless oil (17mg, 57% yield). The hydrogen spectrum of compound 9 is shown in figure 18, 1 H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ4.21-3.99(m,4H),3.71(qd,J＝9.2,5.7Hz,2H),3.10(t,J＝8.2Hz,2H),2.84(d,J＝12.1Hz,7H),2.77(dd,J＝13.2,6.8Hz,2H),2.62(t,J＝6.7Hz,2H),2.20(tt,J＝7.2,2.2Hz,2H),2.12(q,J＝7.8,7.3Hz,2H),1.63(dq,J＝14.0,6.8,6.0Hz,2H),1.56-1.44(m,2H),1.42-1.18(m,34H),0.88(dt,J＝8.4,7.0Hz,6H).LCMS：MS m/z(ESI):582.1[M+H] + 。
example 10:
a method for preparing lipid nanoparticles, according to different nitrogen-phosphorus ratios (N/P), preparing different lipid nanoparticles from 1-9 ionizable cationic compounds synthesized by the invention and therapeutic or prophylactic agents (EGFP mRNA or Luciferase mRNA or SARS-CoV2 Spike mRNA (novel coronavirus Spike protein, S protein)), concretely referring to Table 1, the preparation method specifically comprises,
ionizable cationic compounds, DSPC (avi (shanghai) pharmaceutical technology co., ltd.), cholesterol (avi (shanghai) pharmaceutical technology co., ltd.), and DMG-PEG 2000 (avi (shanghai) pharmaceutical technology co., ltd.) were mixed at a ratio of 50:10:38.5: dissolving the mixture in ethanol according to the molar ratio of 1.5 to obtain ethanol phase solution; adding the therapeutic or prophylactic agent to 10 to 50mM citrate buffer (pH 4) to obtain an aqueous phase solution; mixing the ethanol phase solution and the water phase solution at a volume ratio of 1:2 to prepare lipid nanoparticles, and performing multiple DPBS ultrafiltration washes to remove ethanol and free molecules, and finally, filtering the lipid nanoparticles through a 0.2 μm sterile filter for later use.
TABLE 1 Components of lipid nanoparticles
Experimental example 1:
1. physicochemical properties of lipid nanoparticles
The lipid nanoparticles of examples 10-20 were sized and polydispersity index determined by dynamic light scattering using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS ZEN3600(Malvern UK) and their Zata potential determined, with the results of the tests shown in Table 2. The encapsulation efficiency of lipid nanoparticles was determined using Quant-it Ribogreen RNA quantitative assay kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, UK), and the test results are shown in table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the lipid nanoparticles of examples 10-20 of the present invention have a particle size of 90-150nm, a Zeta potential of 4.0-30mV, and an encapsulation efficiency of > 90%.
TABLE 1 examples 10-20 physicochemical Properties of lipid nanoparticles
| Group of | Size(nm) | PDI | Z potential (mV) | Encapsulation efficiency (%) |
| Example 10 | 118.13 | 0.152 | 6.9 | 91.1 |
| Example 11 | 113.53 | 0.100 | 13.1 | 93.0 |
| Example 12 | 140.83 | 0.261 | 25.6 | 94.3 |
| Example 13 | 112.57 | 0.121 | 17.1 | 96.4 |
| Example 14 | 98.64 | 0.201 | 8.8 | 95.8 |
| Example 15 | 135.50 | 0.198 | 17.7 | 92.1 |
| Example 16 | 114.27 | 0.152 | 5.8 | 95.7 |
| Example 17 | 135.63 | 0.187 | 4.8 | 96.9 |
| Example 18 | 110.83 | 0.250 | 13.3 | 96.2 |
| Example 19 | 100.67 | 0.202 | 14.7 | 92.4 |
| Example 20 | 109.67 | 0.314 | 20.6 | 94.3 |
2. Efficiency of transfection of mRNA by lipid nanoparticles
The efficiency of transfecting the mRNA by the lipid nanoparticles in examples 12 to 20 was evaluated by Luciferase bioluminescence, and the specific steps were as follows: 40000 293T cells/well are inoculated in a 96-well plate with a black-edge transparent bottom, the cells are cultured overnight, the 293T cells are transfected by Luciferase mRNA lipid nanoparticles with 0.2 mu g of mRNA per well, free Luciferase mRNA is used as a control group to transfect the cells, after 24 hours of transfection, an old culture medium is removed, the culture medium is replaced by a new culture medium containing a D-fluorescein sodium (1.5mg/mL) substrate, after 5 minutes of incubation, bioluminescence is detected by using a TACAN SPA (RK) microplate reader, the transfection efficiency of Luciferase mRNA transfected by the lipid nanoparticles of examples 12 to 20 is shown in figure 19, wherein mRNA is the control group, 1 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 12, 2 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 13, 3 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 14, 4 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 15, 5 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 16, 6 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 17, and 7 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 18, example 19 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 8 and example 20 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 9. As can be seen from FIG. 19, the lipid nanoparticles of examples 12 to 20 had excellent transfection effects.
3. Safety of lipid nanoparticles
2.1 hemolytic testing of lipid nanoparticles
The in vitro hemolysis experiment of the lipid nanoparticles is used for verifying, and the specific operation is as follows: separately, free mRNA or lipid nanoparticles with a final mRNA concentration of 5. mu.g/ml were incubated with a mouse erythrocyte solution (final volume percentage equal to 4%) at 37 ℃ for 1 hour, then the supernatant was collected by centrifugation and the absorbance of the supernatant at 540nm was measured to confirm the hemolysis, which is shown in FIG. 20 for lipid nanoparticles of examples 10-20, in the figure, mRNA is free mRNA, Dlin-MC3 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 10, SM-102 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 11, 1 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 12, 2 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 13, 3 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 14, 4 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 15, 5 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 16, 6 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 17, 7 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 18, 8 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 19, and 9 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 20. As can be seen from fig. 20, the lipid nanoparticles of examples 10 to 20 did not cause hemolysis, which indicates that the ionizable cationic compounds 1 to 9 synthesized in examples 1 to 9 had excellent biosafety.
2.2 cytotoxicity testing of lipid nanoparticles
The cytotoxicity of lipid nanoparticles was evaluated by a commercially available cell proliferation assay kit (MTS, Promega), 40000 293T cells/well were inoculated in a 96-well plate, cultured overnight, 293T cells were transfected with Luciferase mRNA lipid nanoparticles at a dose of 0.2. mu.g mRNA per well, free Luciferase mRNA as a negative control group, ionizable cationic lipid Dlin-MC3 and SM102 as a positive control, after transfection for 24 hours, the old medium was removed, replaced with a new medium containing MTS, incubated in an incubator for about 2 hours, and absorbance was measured at 490nm using a TACAN (SPARK) plate reader, the cytotoxicity of lipid nanoparticles of examples 10-20 is shown in FIG. 21, in which mRNA is free mRNA, Dlin-MC3 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 10, SM-102 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 11, 1 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 12, and 2 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 13, example 14 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 14, example 15 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 4, example 16 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 16, example 17 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 18, example 18 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 19, and example 20 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 9. As can be seen from FIG. 21, the lipid nanoparticles of examples 10-20 have lower cytotoxicity, which indicates that the ionizable cationic compounds 1-9 synthesized in examples 1-9 have better biosafety.
Experimental example 2:
application of lipid nanoparticles in novel coronavirus mRNA vaccine
1. Physicochemical properties of lipid nanoparticles
Taking the synthesized ionizable cationic lipid compound 1 as an example, lipid nanoparticles with different N/P ratios are prepared to deliver EGFP mRNA (example 21-31 lipid nanoparticles), and the size, polydispersity index, Zata potential and encapsulation efficiency of the lipid nanoparticles of example 21-31 are determined according to the physicochemical property test method of the lipid nanoparticles in the experimental example 1, and the results are detailed in Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the lipid nanoparticles of examples 21-31 have relatively close particle sizes, the sizes of 50-150nm and PDI of less than 0.4, indicating that the nanoparticles have uniform sizes.
TABLE 3 examples 21-31 physicochemical Properties of lipid nanoparticles
| Group of | Size(nm) | PDI | Z potential (mV) | Encapsulation efficiency (%) |
| Example 21 | 80.98 | 0.179 | 11.7 | 95.99 |
| Example 22 | 102.4 | 0.128 | 10 | 94.84 |
| Example 23 | 86.44 | 0.176 | 15.5 | 93.47 |
| Example 24 | 93.23 | 0.159 | 10.8 | 96.71 |
| Example 25 | 99.09 | 0.144 | 6.94 | 97.41 |
| Example 26 | 94.04 | 0.187 | 8.59 | 96.98 |
| Example 27 | 95.3 | 0.251 | 18.1 | 96.40 |
| Example 28 | 101.2 | 0.188 | 12.2 | 96.18 |
| Example 29 | 125.3 | 0.188 | 23.6 | 96.04 |
| Example 30 | 104.1 | 0.178 | 25.2 | 96.32 |
| Example 31 | 87.21 | 0.196 | 24.6 | 93.49 |
2. Cell transfection assay
40000 293T cells/well in a 96-well plate with a black-edge transparent bottom, culturing overnight, transfecting the cells with 0.2 μ g of mRNA per well, incubating 293T cells of examples 21-31 for 24 hours, and then taking a fluorescence image by an Olympus CKX53 fluorescence microscope, wherein the fluorescence images of the transfection of lipid nanoparticles of examples 21-29 and 31 are shown in FIG. 22, wherein Dlin-MC 3N/P-4 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 21, SM-102N/P-6 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 22, 1N/P-4 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 23, 1N/P-5 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 24, 1N/P-6 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 25, 1N/P-7 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 26, 1N/P-8 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 27, example 28 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 28, example 29 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 10, and example 31 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 31; examples 22-31 cytotoxicity of lipid nanoparticles see fig. 23, where SM-102N/P ═ 6 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 22, 1N/P ═ 4 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 23, 1N/P ═ 5 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 24, 1N/P ═ 6 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 25, 1N/P ═ 7 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 26, 1N/P ═ 8 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 27, 1N/P ═ 9 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 28, 1N/P ═ 10 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 29, 1N/P ═ 11 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 30, and 1N/P ═ 12 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 31. As can be seen from FIGS. 22 and 23, the lipid nanoparticles of examples 21-31 of the present invention with different nitrogen-phosphorus ratios all have high transfection efficiency and exhibit lower cytotoxicity, which is superior to the lipid nanoparticles of SM-102 and Dlin-MC3 currently on the market.
3. Animal research
Examples 10-12 lipid nanoparticles encapsulating Luciferase mRNA were delivered by leg intramuscular injection to 6-8 week old female Babl/c mice at a dose of 10 μ g/mouse (N/P ═ 6) and live fluorescence imaging of the mice was performed at 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours after the administration (IVIS luminea III, PE company), respectively, and after the last time point imaging, the mice were euthanized and the major organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney) and muscles at the injection site of the mice were imaged, and the animal fluorescence imaging of the lipid nanoparticles of examples 10-12 is shown in fig. 24, in which Dlin-MC3 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 10, SM-102 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 11, and 1 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 12. As can be seen from FIG. 24, the lipid nanoparticles of examples 10-12 were superior in their ability to deliver Luciferase mRNA in small animals compared to SM-102 currently on the market.
Example 4:
application of lipid nanoparticles in novel coronavirus mRNA vaccine
Examples 32-37 lipid nanoparticles of various N/P ratios to deliver mRNA for the novel coronavirus Spike protein (SARS-CoV2 Spike, protein S), 293T cells were inoculated in 48-well plates, cultured overnight, and then transfected and incubated with lipid nanoparticles in an amount of 2. mu.g/mL of mRNA for 24 hours, the control group was transfected with mRNA-free medium, and the culture supernatant was collected and assayed by a commercially available S protein ELISA KIT (KIT 40591, Chi, Yi Qiao), in the figure, PBS is a control group, Dlin-MC3 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 32, SM-102 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 33, 1N/P ═ 4 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 34, 1N/P ═ 6 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 35, 1N/P ═ 8 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 36, and 1N/P ═ 10 is the lipid nanoparticle of example 37. As can be seen from FIG. 25, the lipid nanoparticles of examples 32-37 with different N/P ratios can effectively deliver mRNA of S protein into cells.
Conventional operations in the operation steps of the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein.
The embodiments described above are intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention in detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modification, supplement or similar substitution made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ionizable cationic compound of formula (I) or (II) or (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof,
in the following formulas, the first and second groups,
L 1 is-C (═ O) OR a 、-C(＝O)R a 、-S(＝O)R a 、-S(＝O) 2 R a 、-C(＝O)SR a 、-C(＝S)SR a 、-C(＝S)R a 、C(＝O)NR b R c 、-P(＝O)(OR b )(OR c ) or-P (═ O) (R) b )(R c )；
R 1 And R 2 Each independently is H, optionally substituted C1-C24 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C24 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C24 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted COptionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkynyl, optionally substituted 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C6-C10 aryl, or 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl;
R 3 and R 4 Each independently is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 (amide) amine, optionally substituted C1-C6 (thio) alcohol, optionally substituted C1-C6 (thio) ether, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkynyl, optionally substituted 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C6-C10 aryl, or 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl;
X 1 、X 2 and X 3 Each independently O, S, Se, -N (R) b )、-C(＝O)OR b 、-P(R b ) or-P (═ O) (R) b )；
R a Is H, optionally substituted C1-C24 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C24 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C24 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkynyl, optionally substituted 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C6-C10 aryl, or 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl;
R b and R c Each independently is H, optionally substituted C1-C12 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C12 alkenyl, or optionally substituted C2-C12 alkynyl;
m and n are each independently an integer of 0 to 6.
2. The ionizable cationic compound of claim 1, wherein said pharmaceutically acceptable salt is an acid addition salt or a base addition salt.
3. The ionizable cationic compound of claim 1, wherein said R is 1 And R 2 Each independently H, unsubstituted C1-C24 linear alkyl, unsubstituted C2-C24 alkenyl, or unsubstituted C2-C24 alkynyl.
4. The application of the ionizable cationic compound shown in the structural formula (I) or (II) or (III) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof comprises at least one of the following 1) to 4),
1) encapsulating a therapeutic or prophylactic agent;
2) in vitro cell transfection of therapeutic or prophylactic agents;
3) preparing a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for in vivo delivery of the agent;
4) a transfection kit was prepared.
5. A composite, comprising, in combination,
-a therapeutic or prophylactic agent;
-a carrier for the delivery of a therapeutic or prophylactic agent, said carrier being an ionizable cationic compound of formula (I) or (II) or (III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.
6. A complex according to claim 5, wherein the therapeutic or prophylactic agent is selected from any at least one of a nucleic acid drug, a small molecule drug, a protein drug.
7. A complex according to claim 5, further comprising a phospholipid and/or a structural lipid and/or a polyethoxylated lipid.
8. A method of preparing a composite according to claim 5, comprising,
-dissolving the support in an organic solvent to obtain an organic phase solution;
-adding the therapeutic or prophylactic agent to the buffer to obtain an aqueous phase solution;
-mixing the organic phase solution and the aqueous phase solution to obtain a composite;
or, the preparation method comprises the steps of,
-dissolving the carrier, therapeutic or prophylactic agent in an organic solvent to obtain an organic phase solution;
-mixing the organic phase solution and the aqueous phase solution, said aqueous phase solution being pure water or a buffer, obtaining a complex.
9. Use of a complex according to claim 5 in the preparation of a pharmaceutical or vaccine composition.
10. A novel coronavirus mRNA vaccine comprising the complex of claim 5 and a novel coronavirus spike protein.
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