CN114805019A - Method for synthesizing 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol based on continuous flow reaction technology - Google Patents

Method for synthesizing 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol based on continuous flow reaction technology Download PDF

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CN114805019A
CN114805019A CN202210438652.8A CN202210438652A CN114805019A CN 114805019 A CN114805019 A CN 114805019A CN 202210438652 A CN202210438652 A CN 202210438652A CN 114805019 A CN114805019 A CN 114805019A
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CN114805019B (en
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邢栋
陆勇
杜瑞生
项云菲
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East China Normal University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol based on a continuous flow reaction technology. In which a lithium halide exchange continuous flow process is involved. The bromobenzene or the derivatives thereof and n-butyllithium are pumped into a continuous flow reaction device according to a certain proportion, the reaction is carried out for a period of time under a specific low temperature condition for lithium halogen exchange, then cyclohexene oxide is pumped for nucleophilic substitution reaction, and finally boron trifluoride ether as a fourth component is pumped for ring opening reaction to obtain a 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol product. The invention utilizes the continuous flow reaction technology under the low temperature condition, solves the problems of large energy consumption, amplification effect and the like of the traditional kettle type reaction; the danger coefficient of the active lithium reagent is reduced, the reaction obtains higher product purity under the controllable continuous condition, the reaction efficiency is improved, and the method has wide application prospect.

Description

Method for synthesizing 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol based on continuous flow reaction technology
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical synthesis, and particularly relates to a method for preparing 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol based on a continuous flow reaction technology.
Background
2-aryl-1-cyclohexanols are important intermediates for the synthesis of a wide variety of biologically active molecules, drugs, and other materials. For example: 4-Cycloalkoxy benzonitrile is an androgen receptor modulator. Can effectively reduce sebum secretion and stimulate hair growth, thereby bringing good news to patients with alopecia; ketamine is a vein general anesthetic, is clinically used for general anesthetics or anesthesia inducers, has the effect of bronchiectasis, is also suitable for treating asthma patients, and can also be used as a cerebral vessel dilator. The 2- (2-methylphenyl) -2-nitrocyclohex-1-one has good effect on treating nervous system diseases. And 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol is used as an important intermediate for synthesizing the compound, so that the method has important significance for developing a rapid and efficient synthesis method.
Under the action of a metal lithium reagent (such as n-butyl lithium) by using cyclohexene oxide of a three-membered epoxy compound and aryl bromide, a 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol compound can be obtained with a relatively ideal yield, and the method is an efficient means for synthesizing the compound. For example, Zhang assistor and the like can synthesize 2- (2-chlorophenyl) cyclohexanol and finally synthesize ketamine by using o-chloro bromobenzene and cyclohexene oxide as raw materials and tert-butyl lithium as a lithium reagent under a low-temperature condition; schopper et al synthesized 2- (2-methylphenyl) -2-nitrocyclohex-1-one from 2- (2-methylphenyl) cyclohexanol, and the medicine has the function of treating nervous system; tangshifai et al, which uses phenylcyclohexanol as a raw material, oxidizes the phenylcyclohexanol, and then uses PTSA to catalyze the fluorination of alpha-branched ketone, thereby being used for the construction of fluorinated quaternary carbon centers.
However, although the 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol synthesized by the above reaction has high yield and relatively good effect, t-butyllithium/butyllithium with high risk needs to be used; in addition, the tert-butyl lithium and boron trifluoride diethyl etherate solution adopted in the system is sensitive to water and air, and the reaction needs to be carried out at low temperature of minus 80 ℃, and the like, so that the requirement on the reaction operation is high. At the same time, the reaction is difficult to scale up due to the danger of the reaction and the harsh requirements on temperature. At present, for the synthesis of 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol, the prior art has a plurality of problems, including danger coefficient, large energy consumption, complex operation and the like. Therefore, the method has important research significance and application value in developing new synthesis technology for the compounds.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, including danger coefficient, large energy consumption, complex operation and the like, the invention provides a method for rapidly preparing 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol based on a continuous flow reaction technology and application thereof.
The invention provides a method for rapidly preparing 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol based on a continuous flow reaction technology, which relies on the pressure of a nitrogen balance system, utilizes continuous flow experimental pump equipment to realize continuous production through continuous feeding and discharging, and prepares the product 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol by taking a material 1 as a reactant and carrying out lithium halide exchange reaction, nucleophilic substitution reaction and Lewis acid ring-opening reaction.
The method of the invention utilizes bromobenzene, butyl lithium, epoxy and boron trifluoride diethyl etherate to synthesize the target product of 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol by adopting a continuous flow chemical technology. The reaction is carried out by a sequential feeding mode, an aryl lithium intermediate is obtained through lithium halide exchange of butyl lithium and aryl bromide, nucleophilic substitution is further carried out on the aryl lithium intermediate and epoxy, ring opening is carried out under the action of boron trifluoride, and finally, water quenching reaction is carried out to obtain the target product 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol.
The reaction route of the method is as follows:
Figure BDA0003614056440000021
wherein, R represents a substituent group which is any one or more of methyl, methoxy, halogen (fluorine, chlorine), alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, amino, hydroxyl, trifluoromethyl and the like on any position except a bromine substituent on the aromatic ring.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) lithium halide exchange
Filling a pipeline with tetrahydrofuran before the reaction starts, so that no air exists in the pipeline, pumping a material 1 and a lithium reagent into a continuous flow reaction device according to an equivalent proportion under the protection of nitrogen, and reacting for 5-8 minutes in a first solvent at the temperature of-60 ℃ to-80 ℃ to perform lithium halide exchange to generate an intermediate 2;
(2) nucleophilic substitution
Continuously introducing the active intermediate 2 generated in the step (1) into a continuous flow reaction device, pumping the cyclohexene oxide solution into the continuous flow reaction device in proportion, and reacting for 5-7 minutes in a second solvent at the temperature of-60 ℃ to-80 ℃ to perform nucleophilic substitution to generate an active intermediate 3;
(3) lewis acid ring opening
And (3) continuously introducing the active intermediate 3 generated in the step (2) into a continuous flow reaction device, pumping boron trifluoride diethyl etherate solution into the continuous flow reaction device according to a proportion, reacting for 8-10 minutes in a third solvent at the temperature of-70 ℃ to-85 ℃, and carrying out a ring-opening reaction to obtain a 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol product.
In some embodiments, the steps of operating comprise the following:
filling a pipeline with tetrahydrofuran to ensure that no air exists in the pipeline, pumping the material 1 and butyl lithium into a continuous flow reaction device according to a certain equivalent ratio under the protection of nitrogen, reacting for 5-8 min at-80 ℃ to perform lithium halide exchange, and continuously passing the generated active intermediate 2 through the continuous flow device; pumping the cyclohexene oxide solution into a continuous flow reaction device according to a certain proportion, and reacting for 5-7 min at-80 ℃ to perform nucleophilic substitution to generate an intermediate 3; and (3) continuously introducing the generated active intermediate 3 into a continuous flow reaction device, pumping boron trifluoride diethyl etherate solution into the continuous flow reaction device according to a certain proportion, reacting for 8-10 min at-80 ℃, and carrying out Lewis acid ring opening to obtain the 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol.
In the step (1), the first solvent used in the solution of the material 1 in the synthesis intermediate 2 is at least one of toluene, tetrahydrofuran and anhydrous ether, the concentration of the first solvent is 0.8-1.5 mol/L, and the flow rate is 6.0-10.0 mL/min;
the equivalence ratio of feed 1 to butyllithium in synthetic intermediate 2 was 1: 1-1.5 ℃, wherein the temperature is-60 ℃ to-80 ℃;
the reaction time of lithium halide exchange in the synthetic intermediate 2 is 5 min-8 min;
the organic lithium reagent is one of butyl lithium, sec-butyl lithium and tert-butyl lithium, and the flow rate is 4mL/min to 6 mL/min;
in the step (2), the second solvent used in the cyclohexene oxide solution in the synthesis of the intermediate 3 is at least one of toluene, tetrahydrofuran and anhydrous ether, the concentration of the second solvent is 0.8-1.5 mol/L, and the flow rate is 5-8 mL/min;
the equivalent ratio of material 1 to cyclohexene oxide in the synthesis of intermediate 3 is 1: 0.9 to 1; the temperature is-60 ℃ to-80 ℃;
the reaction time of nucleophilic substitution in the synthesis of the intermediate 3 is 3 min-5 min;
in the step (3), the third solvent used in the boron trifluoride diethyl etherate solution used for synthesizing the target product 4, namely the product 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol is at least one of toluene, tetrahydrofuran and anhydrous diethyl ether, the concentration of the third solvent is 1.2-2.0 mol/L, and the flow rate is 6.5-10.0 mL/min;
when synthesizing the target product 4, the equivalent ratio of the material 1 to boron trifluoride diethyl etherate is 1: 1.5-2 ℃, wherein the temperature is-70 ℃ to-85 ℃;
the reaction time of the Lewis ring-opening reaction is 5 min-10 min when the target product 4 is synthesized.
In the method of the present invention, the continuous flow reaction apparatus comprises: the continuous flow reaction pipeline is a PTFE Teflon pipe or a 316L stainless steel pipe; a micro-mixer; a temperature control system; the continuous flow reaction experiment pump is connected with the inlet of the reactant; the continuous flow reaction pressure stabilizing device is connected with the outlet of the product; and the continuous flow product collecting device is connected with the outlet of the pressure stabilizing device.
In the method, the continuous flow reaction experiment pump comprises a pump 1-a pump 4; wherein,
the continuous flow reaction experiment pump 1 leads tetrahydrofuran and toluene solution of the material 1 into a pipeline, wherein the concentration of the solution is 0.5-1 mol/L, and the flow rate is 6.0-10.0 mL/min;
the continuous flow reaction experiment pump 2 leads the lithium reagent to be introduced into the pipeline, and the flow rate is 4mL/min to 6 mL/min;
the continuous flow reaction experiment pump 3 leads the tetrahydrofuran solution of cyclohexene oxide into the pipeline, the concentration of the tetrahydrofuran solution is 0.8-1.5 mol/L, and the flow rate is 5-8 mL/min;
the continuous flow reaction experiment pump 4 leads the toluene solution of boron trifluoride-diethyl ether into the pipeline, the concentration of the toluene solution is 1.2-2.0 mol/L, and the flow rate is 6.5-10.0 mL/min.
The reaction temperature is-80 ℃ on the whole, and the retention time of the reaction on the whole is 20-30 min.
The invention further comprises a post-processing step:
step 4), extracting and separating the product to obtain an organic phase, then drying the organic phase by using anhydrous sodium sulfate, and spin-drying the organic phase by using a rotary evaporator to obtain a white waxy solid; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
monitoring the product collected in the step 5) by GC, wherein the purity of the product is 80-90%.
The invention also provides an intermediate 2 shown as follows,
Figure BDA0003614056440000041
wherein, R represents a substituent group which is any one or more of methyl, methoxy, halogen (fluorine, chlorine), alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, amino, hydroxyl, trifluoromethyl and the like on any position except a bromine substituent on the aromatic ring.
The invention also provides an intermediate 3, which has the following structure:
Figure BDA0003614056440000042
wherein, R represents a substituent group which is any one or more of methyl, methoxy, halogen (fluorine, chlorine), alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, amino, hydroxyl, trifluoromethyl and the like on any position except a bromine substituent on the aromatic ring.
The invention has the advantages that the synthesis path with low cost is combined with the continuous flow technology, the amplification effect of the kettle test reaction is solved, the dangerous operation coefficient of the active lithium reagent is reduced, the energy consumption required by the reaction is reduced, the cost is saved, an efficient, safe and low-cost process method is provided for synthesizing the 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol, and the reaction can obtain a crude product with higher purity (the GC purity is 80-90%) and higher purity (the GC purity is 65-70%) than the kettle test under the controllable continuous condition. The method combines the good effect of heat and mass transfer of the continuous flow reaction, the continuous flow reaction has no amplification effect, the loss caused by the amplification effect is avoided, the continuous flow reaction has the advantages of simple operation, low danger coefficient and the like, and the continuous flow reaction device has the advantages of good heat and mass transfer, short reaction time, relatively less energy consumption and the like. The method for synthesizing the 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol by using the continuous flow method has important significance and application value in the technical field of synthesis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the process for the synthesis of 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanols according to the invention: wherein 1, 2, 3 and 4 are prepared materials; 5, 6, 7 and 8 are continuous flow experiment pumps; 9, 10, 11 and 12 are precooling pipes; 13, 16 and 19 are micro-mixing devices; 14, 17 and 20 are detection points of the temperature control device; 15, 18 and 21 are reaction tubes for reaction; 22 a pressure stabilizing device of the system; 23 is a receiving device of the system.
Fig. 2 and 3 are process flow diagrams.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings. The procedures, conditions, experimental methods and the like for carrying out the present invention are general knowledge and common general knowledge in the art except for the contents specifically mentioned below, and the present invention is not particularly limited.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, THF solution of bromobenzene was charged into three-necked flask 1, nBuLi was charged into three-necked flask 2, THF solution of cyclohexene oxide was charged into three-necked flask 3, toluene solution of boron trifluoride etherate was charged into three-necked flask 4, temperature control device was set at-60 deg.C, THF solution of bromobenzene and nBuLi were fed by continuous flow experiment pumps 5 and 6, respectively, and lithium halide exchange was performed in reaction tube 15 for 6 min; then, nucleophilic substitution is carried out on the obtained intermediate 2 and the THF solution of cyclohexene oxide in a reaction tube 18 for 4 min; finally, the intermediate 3 obtained in the second step and a toluene solution of boron trifluoride ethyl ether are subjected to ring opening in a reaction tube 21, and the retention time is 7 min; then introducing the reactant into 23 (an ice-water mixture containing 1/3) for quenching, then separating the reaction liquid, washing with saline water once, drying, and performing analysis by GC (gas chromatography) in a rotary drying manner to obtain a crude product with the purity of 90.3%;
1 HNMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ7.32(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.24(dd,J=7.6,2.6Hz,3H),3.65(td,J=10.0,4.2Hz,1H),2.41(m,1H),2.14-2.05(m,1H),1.85(dd,J=12.2,3.4Hz,2H),1.79-1.70(m,1H),1.59-1.27(m,6H).
example 2
The specific synthetic process is the same as that of the embodiment 1 of the invention, except that bromobenzene is changed into 2-methyl bromobenzene, and the temperature control device is set to be-65 ℃; the purity of the obtained product is 87.2%;
1 HNMR(400MHz,CDC1 3 )δ7.27-7.23(m,1H),7.22-7.14(m,2H),7.13-7.08(m,1H),3.83-3.71(m,1H),2.83-2.68(m,1H),2.36(s,3H),2.18-2.07(m,1H),1.94-1.70(m,3H),1.69-1.59(m,1H),1.51-1.27(m,4H).
example 3
The specific synthetic process is the same as that of the embodiment 2 of the invention, except that 2-methylbromobenzene is changed into 3-methylbromobenzene; the purity of the obtained product is 85.9%;
1 HNMR(400MHZ,CDC1 3 )δ7.26-7.18(m,1H),7.09-7.01(m,3H),3.70--3.58(m,1H),2.43-2.35(m,1H),2.34(s,3h),2.14-2.06(m,1h),1.88-1.71(m,3H),1.68-1.60(m,1H),1.56-1.28(m,4h).
example 4
The specific synthetic process is the same as that of the embodiment 1 of the invention, except that bromobenzene is replaced by 2-fluorobromobenzene, and the purity of the obtained product is 88.7%;
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDC1 3 ),δ7.28(m,1H),7.20(m,1H),7.12(m,1H),7.04(m,1H),3.79(m,1H),2.83(m,1H),2.17-2.10(m,1H),1.94-1.81(m,2H),1.81-1.69(m,1H),1.66-1.18(m,4H),0.93-0.79(m,1H).
example 5
The specific synthetic process is the same as that of the embodiment 4 of the invention, except that 2-fluorobromobenzene is changed into 3-fluorobromobenzene; the purity of the obtained product is 89.8%;
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDC1 3 )δ87.32-7.27(m,1H),7.03(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.94(dd J=16.8,9.1Hz,2H)、3.64(td,J=9.9,4.2Hz,1H),2.49-2.38(m,1H),2.12(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),1.86(d,J=10.2Hz,2H)
example 6
The specific synthesis process is the same as that of the embodiment 1 of the invention, except that the temperature control device for replacing bromobenzene by 2-chlorobromobenzene is set to-78 ℃; the purity of the obtained product is 82.3%.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ7.39(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.33(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.26(q,J=8.0,7.5Hz,2H),7.21–7.10(m,2H),3.90–3.78(m,1H),3.12(m,1H),2.36(m,1H),2.16(m,1H),1.97–1.65(m,4H),1.55–1.18(m,4H).
Example 7
The specific synthetic process is the same as that of the embodiment 1 of the invention, except that bromobenzene is changed into 4-phenylborobenzene, and the temperature control device is set to be-82 ℃; the purity of the obtained product is 83.7 percent
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.61-7.68(m,4H),7.48-7.05(m,2H),7.37-7.44(m,3H),3.70-3.78(m,1H),2.50-2.58(m,1H),2.17-2.21(m,1H),1.93-1.98(m,2H),1.85(s,2H),1.38-1.67(m,4H).
The protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Variations and advantages which may occur to those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, may be indicated by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method for synthesizing 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol based on continuous flow reaction is characterized in that continuous production is achieved by means of continuous feeding and discharging through continuous flow experiment pump equipment by means of nitrogen balance system pressure, and a product 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol is prepared through lithium halide exchange reaction, nucleophilic substitution reaction and Lewis acid ring opening reaction in sequence by taking a material 1 as a reactant; the reaction scheme of the method is as follows:
Figure FDA0003614056430000011
wherein, R represents a substituent group which is any one or more of methyl, methoxy, halogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, amino, hydroxyl and trifluoromethyl on any position except a bromine substituent on an aromatic ring.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
(1) lithium halide exchange
Filling a pipeline with tetrahydrofuran before the reaction starts, so that no air exists in the pipeline, pumping a material 1 and a lithium reagent into a continuous flow reaction device according to an equivalent proportion under the protection of nitrogen, and reacting for 5-8 minutes in a first solvent at the temperature of-60 ℃ to-80 ℃ to perform lithium halide exchange to generate an active intermediate 2;
(2) nucleophilic substitution
Continuously introducing the active intermediate 2 generated in the step (1) into a continuous flow reaction device, pumping the cyclohexene oxide solution into the continuous flow reaction device in proportion, and reacting for 5-7 minutes in a second solvent at the temperature of-60 ℃ to-80 ℃ to perform nucleophilic substitution to generate an active intermediate 3;
(3) lewis acid ring opening
And (3) continuously introducing the active intermediate 3 generated in the step (2) into a continuous flow reaction device, pumping boron trifluoride diethyl etherate solution into the continuous flow reaction device according to a proportion, reacting for 8-10 minutes in a third solvent at the temperature of-70 ℃ to-85 ℃, and carrying out a ring-opening reaction to obtain a 2-aryl-1-cyclohexanol product.
3. The method of claim 2,
in the step (1), the first solvent used in the material 1 solution is at least one of toluene, tetrahydrofuran and anhydrous ether; in the step (2), the second solvent used in the cyclohexene oxide solution is at least one of toluene, tetrahydrofuran and anhydrous ether;
in the step (3), the third solvent used in the boron trifluoride diethyl etherate solution is at least one of toluene, tetrahydrofuran and anhydrous diethyl ether;
the lithium reagent is an organic lithium reagent and is one of butyl lithium, sec-butyl lithium and tert-butyl lithium.
4. The method of synthesis according to claim 2,
in the step (1), the equivalent ratio of the material 1 to the lithium reagent is 1: 1 to 1.5;
in the step (2), the equivalent ratio of the material 1 to cyclohexene oxide is 1: 0.9 to 1;
in the step (3), the equivalent ratio of the material 1 to boron trifluoride ethyl ether is 1: 1.5 to 2.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the continuous flow reaction device comprises:
the continuous flow reaction pipeline is a PTFE Teflon pipe or a 316L stainless steel pipe;
a micro-mixer;
a temperature control system;
the continuous flow reaction experiment pump is connected with the inlet of the reactant;
the continuous flow reaction pressure stabilizing device is connected with the outlet of the product;
and the continuous flow product collecting device is connected with the outlet of the pressure stabilizing device.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the continuous flow reaction assay pump comprises pump 1-pump 4;
wherein,
the continuous flow reaction experiment pump 1 leads tetrahydrofuran and toluene solution of the material 1 into a pipeline, wherein the concentration of the solution is 0.5-1 mol/L, and the flow rate is 6.0-10.0 mL/min;
the continuous flow reaction experiment pump 2 leads the lithium reagent to be introduced into the pipeline, and the flow rate is 4mL/min to 6 mL/min;
the continuous flow reaction experiment pump 3 leads the tetrahydrofuran solution of cyclohexene oxide into the pipeline, the concentration of the tetrahydrofuran solution is 0.8-1.5 mol/L, and the flow rate is 5-8 mL/min;
the continuous flow reaction experiment pump 4 leads the toluene solution of boron trifluoride-diethyl ether into the pipeline, the concentration of the toluene solution is 1.2-2.0 mol/L, and the flow rate is 6.5-10.0 mL/min.
7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature as a whole is-80 ℃ and the residence time of the reaction as a whole is 20 to 30 min.
8. The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising the following post-processing steps:
step 4), extracting and separating the product to obtain an organic phase, then drying the organic phase by using anhydrous sodium sulfate, and spin-drying the organic phase by using a rotary evaporator to obtain a white waxy solid;
and/or monitoring the product collected in the step 5) by GC, wherein the purity of the product is 80-90%.
9. An intermediate 2 having the structure:
Figure FDA0003614056430000031
wherein, R represents a substituent group which is any one or more of methyl, methoxy, halogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, amino, hydroxyl, trifluoromethyl and the like on any position except a bromine substituent on an aromatic ring.
10. An intermediate 3 having the structure:
Figure FDA0003614056430000032
wherein, R represents a substituent group which is any one or more of methyl, methoxy, halogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, amino, hydroxyl, trifluoromethyl and the like on any position except a bromine substituent on an aromatic ring.
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