CN114804555A - Control method for killing pathogenic microorganisms and toxic byproducts in sludge by strengthening chlorine disinfection - Google Patents
Control method for killing pathogenic microorganisms and toxic byproducts in sludge by strengthening chlorine disinfection Download PDFInfo
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- CN114804555A CN114804555A CN202210395793.6A CN202210395793A CN114804555A CN 114804555 A CN114804555 A CN 114804555A CN 202210395793 A CN202210395793 A CN 202210395793A CN 114804555 A CN114804555 A CN 114804555A
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- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007059 acute toxicity Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 24
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000004252 FT/ICR mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 206010007269 Carcinogenicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001602685 Vibrio qinghaiensis Species 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001738 genotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004896 high resolution mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008176 lyophilized powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/004—Sludge detoxification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/06—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/20—Prevention of biofouling
Abstract
The invention discloses a control method for killing pathogenic microorganisms and toxic byproducts in sludge by strengthening chlorine disinfection, belonging to the field of sludge treatment. The method comprises the steps of acidifying the sludge generated by a sewage treatment plant, adjusting the pH to 2-3 to obtain acidified sludge, adding sodium hypochlorite into the acidified sludge, and uniformly stirring. According to the invention, the sodium hypochlorite oxidation capacity can be effectively enhanced through the acidification pretreatment process, so that the killing efficiency of pathogenic microorganisms in sludge is improved, and the acute toxicity intensity of sludge luminescent bacteria is obviously reduced. The invention can also reduce the using amount of the disinfectant through pre-acidification treatment in the disinfection process, controls the generation of disinfection byproducts and reduces the potential safety hazard of subsequent reuse of sludge. The disinfection method has the advantages of cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, low treatment cost and convenient operation, and can provide a new method for emergency disinfection of sludge and control of toxic byproducts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sludge treatment. More particularly, the invention relates to a control method for killing pathogenic microorganisms and toxic byproducts in sludge by strengthening chlorine disinfection.
Background
Sludge is a main byproduct of a sewage treatment plant, extracellular polymeric substances (zoogles) formed by bacteria aggregation are basic components of the sludge, the sludge contains a large amount of pathogens, and the existence of the extracellular polymeric substances provides proper conditions for the storage and the propagation of the pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, without prior disinfection of the sludge, viruses are likely to infect humans through indirect contact during sludge management, transportation or land use, posing a threat to public health.
Among the various disinfection modes, chlorination disinfection is the most common and earliest method used in the sewage treatment and reclaimed water recycling processes, and is also the simplest and most effective method for inactivating various viruses. However, chlorinated disinfection sludges also have some negative effects, in that during disinfection, available chlorine reacts with organic matter in the sludge to produce a series of organic carbon-containing disinfection byproducts and organic nitrogen-containing disinfection byproducts. These disinfection by-products are associated with cancer development, have potential impact on reproductive/developmental competence, have certain cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, and are prone to cause public health problems. The use of large amounts of disinfectants, while achieving the desired disinfection effect, is often accompanied by the production of excess disinfection by-products (DBPs), which pose serious potential risks to the ecological environment.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
The invention also aims to provide a control method for killing pathogenic microorganisms and toxic byproducts in sludge by strengthening chlorine disinfection, which can greatly improve the inactivation efficiency of the disinfectant on the pathogenic microorganisms in the sludge by pre-acidification treatment in the disinfection process so as to reduce the using amount of the disinfectant, control the generation of the disinfection byproducts and reduce the potential safety hazard of subsequent reuse of the sludge.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a control method for enhancing chlorine disinfection and killing of pathogenic microorganisms and toxic byproducts in sludge, comprising: acidifying sludge generated by a sewage treatment plant, adjusting the pH value to 2-3 to obtain acidified sludge, adding sodium hypochlorite into the acidified sludge, and uniformly stirring.
Preferably, the sodium hypochlorite is added in an amount not less than 15mg/g TSS.
Preferably, hydrochloric acid is used for pH adjustment.
Preferably, the sludge is untreated excess sludge discharged from a sewage treatment plant.
Preferably, the solid content of the sludge is 1.6-2.5%.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the sodium hypochlorite oxidation capacity can be effectively enhanced through the acidification pretreatment process, so that the killing efficiency of pathogenic microorganisms in the sludge is improved, and the acute toxicity intensity of luminescent bacteria in the sludge is obviously reduced.
High resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) analysis shows that the release of lignin and nitrogen-containing compounds can be effectively inhibited under acidic conditions, a small amount of tannin substances are generated, and the activity of chlorine nucleophilic substitution reaction of sludge organic matters is reduced, so that the generation amount of disinfection by-products (DBPs) is remarkably reduced, and the toxicity of the sludge disinfection by-products is reduced.
The disinfection method has the advantages of cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, low treatment cost and convenient operation, and can provide a new method for emergency disinfection of sludge and control of toxic byproducts.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the amount of coliform bacteria in sludge in different amounts of sodium hypochlorite before and after pH adjustment in example 1;
FIG. 2 is the amount of coliform groups in the sludge at different pH (sodium hypochlorite dosage 15mg/g TSS) in example 2;
FIG. 3 is the relative inhibition ratio of the luminescent bacteria of sludge extracellular polymeric substances at different sodium hypochlorite dosages in example 3;
FIG. 4 is the relative inhibition ratio of the luminescent bacteria of sludge extracellular polymeric substances at different sodium hypochlorite dosages before and after pH adjustment in example 3;
FIG. 5 is the chemical diversity analysis of FT-ICR-MS in example 4 before sterilization of extracellular polymeric substances from raw sludge;
FIG. 6 is a chemical diversity analysis of FT-ICR-MS after sterilization of extracellular polymeric substances of raw sludge in example 4;
FIG. 7 is a chemical diversity analysis of FT-ICR-MS in example 4 before sterilization of sludge extracellular polymeric substance adjusted to pH 2.5;
FIG. 8 is a chemical diversity analysis of FT-ICR-MS in example 4 after sterilization of sludge extracellular polymer adjusted to pH 2.5;
FIG. 9 is an analysis of FT-ICR-MS of chlorine-containing disinfection byproducts generated during disinfection of extracellular polymeric substances before pH adjustment in example 5;
FIG. 10 is an analysis of FT-ICR-MS of chlorine-containing disinfection byproducts generated during the disinfection of extracellular polymeric substances after adjusting pH to 2.5 in example 5.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
It is to be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The invention provides a method for controlling pathogenic microorganisms and toxic byproducts in sludge by strengthening chlorine disinfection and killing.
Pretreatment: the oxidation effect of sodium hypochlorite is enhanced through a pre-acidification process, the pH of the sludge is adjusted to be 2-3 by hydrochloric acid before the sodium hypochlorite solution is added, and then a subsequent disinfection experiment is carried out.
And (3) microorganism index determination: in order to determine the disinfection effect, coliform group is taken as a representative of pathogenic microorganism, and the number of the coliform group is determined according to the MPN method proposed by the national standard GB 4789.3-2016. Before testing, sodium hypochlorite is added into sludge according to TSS (total suspended solids) of 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 34, 36 and 40mg/g, the sludge reacts for 6 hours at the rotating speed of 250rpm/min, a sludge sample is diluted into three continuous gradients during testing, three gradients are parallel to each other, an initial fermentation experiment is carried out, a recurrent fermentation experiment is carried out according to the gas production condition after 48 hours of culture, after the recurrent fermentation experiment is finished, the MPN number is determined according to a retrieval table given by national standards, and the sludge after disinfection is basically disinfected completely when the MPN number is below 50.
Acute toxicity test: although most pathogenic microorganisms are inactivated in the sludge disinfection process, the negative effects of adding chlorine-containing disinfectants still do not change in a small amount, and abundant organic matters in the sludge provide a large number of bindable sites for active chlorine, and generate a plurality of carbon/nitrogen-containing disinfection byproducts along with the disinfection process, and the substances are proved to have carcinogenicity and genetic toxicity by more and more researches. According to the invention, extracellular polymers serving as main components of the sludge are extracted by an ion exchange resin method, and the components are subjected to acidification pretreatment and disinfection treatment, wherein the acidification method and the disinfection step are synchronous with the disinfection of the sludge. So as to avoid the damage of luminous bacteria caused by other harmful components in the sludge. And (3) determining the acute toxicity of the treated extracellular polymer sample by using a luminous bacterial toxicity detector.
The method comprises the following specific steps: taking out ampoule bottle containing 0.5g of luminescent bacteria lyophilized powder (Vibrio qinghaiensis Q67), reviving at room temperature for 10min, adding 0.52mL of 0.85% NaCl solution, and standing for 10min until the luminescent bacteria are completely recovered. Before each test, 1.9mL of 0.85% NaCl solution and 0.1mL of 1.7% NaCl solution are added into a blank control group, 1.9mL of sample and 0.1mL of 1.7% NaCl solution are added into an experimental group, 50 mu L of revived luminescence bacteria solution is added into the blank control group and the sample group, and a luminescence bacteria instrument is used for detecting the fluorescence intensity, wherein the larger the fluorescence intensity value is, the smaller the acute toxicity is. Blank and sample groups were made into three replicates.
Mass spectrometry analysis experiment: in order to better know the change of sludge extracellular polymeric substance molecules before and after disinfection and to explore the generation rule of disinfection byproducts, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) is adopted to test and analyze the sludge extracellular polymeric substances before and after treatment.
The method comprises the following specific steps: adjusting the pH value of a sample filtered by the filter membrane to 2.0 by using 1mol/L hydrochloric acid, installing a PPL (polypropylene random copolymer) column on a solid phase extraction device, and leaching the activated column by using 18mL of methanol (chromatographic purity) and 18mL of ultrapure water acidified by using hydrochloric acid with the pH value of 2; slowly passing the samples through a PPL column at a flow rate of 3ml/min to enrich the target compounds, and ensuring that the total organic carbon of each sample is the same; after the sample is completely flowed, adding 30mL of hydrochloric acid acidified ultrapure water with pH 2 to leach the column so as to remove salt; after draining, drying the column by nitrogen blow drying, eluting the dried column by 6mL of methanol, and collecting the eluent; the stripping solution is flushed with nitrogen until the methanol is completely volatilized, the sample is stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃, and the sample is dissolved by 1mL of methanol aqueous solution with the volume ratio of 1:1 before FTICR-MS measurement.
< example 1>
200ml of sludge is taken, sodium hypochlorite solutions with the concentration of 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 34, 36 and 40mg/g TSS are respectively added, the sludge is placed on a magnetic stirrer with the speed of 250rpm/min for stirring and reaction for 6 hours, and the maximum possible number of coliform groups is measured according to an MPN counting method provided by the national standard GB 4789.3-2016. The results show that, as shown in FIG. 1, the MPN of the coliform group is maintained at a relatively high level when the amount of TSS (total suspended matter) is not more than 10mg/g regardless of whether the pH is adjusted, and the effect of 30mg/g TSS addition at the unadjusted pH can be achieved at the amount of TSS addition of 15mg/g by adjusting the pH to 2.5, and the inactivation of the coliform group is relatively complete.
< example 2>
The maximum possible number of coliform groups is determined according to the MPN counting method proposed by the national standard GB4789.3-2016, and the increase of the inactivation efficiency of the coliform groups when the pH is 2.5 can be visually seen by adjusting the pH to be 6.6, 5.0 and 2.5 respectively under the addition of sodium hypochlorite solution of 15mg/g TSS, as shown in figure 2.
< example 3>
Taking a certain amount of sludge, extracting sludge extracellular polymeric substances by a cation exchange resin method, respectively adding sodium hypochlorite solutions with the concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 34, 36 and 40mg/g TSS into 200ml of extracellular polymeric substances, placing the extracellular polymeric substances on a magnetic stirrer with the speed of 250rpm/min for stirring and reacting for 6 hours, and respectively measuring the acute toxicity of the luminescent bacteria of the sludge extracellular polymeric substances after the reaction is finished. The results show that after the treatment of adjusting and reducing the pH value, as shown in figures 3-4, the acute toxicity of the luminous bacteria is obviously reduced, thus showing that the technology can reduce the influence of the sterilized sludge on the ecological environment.
< example 4>
200ml of sludge extracellular polymer extracted in example 2 is taken, sodium hypochlorite solutions with the concentration of 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 34, 36 and 40mg/g TSS are respectively added into 200ml of extracellular polymer, the mixture is placed on a magnetic stirrer with 250rpm/min for stirring reaction for 6 hours, and after the reaction is finished, the mixture is enriched by a PPL (propylene glycol) column and then eluted by methanol solution, and samples are prepared for FT-ICR-MS analysis. The results show that chlorination results in a reduction of the total molecular weight and a substantial release of nitrogenous substances for the virgin sludge EPS, as shown in FIGS. 5-8; the molecular weight and the nitrogen-containing substances are not obviously changed before and after chlorination and disinfection after acidification pretreatment, which shows that acidification inhibits the release of lignin and nitrogen-containing compounds, generates a small amount of tannin substances, reduces the probability of nucleophilic substitution reaction, and reduces the generation of disinfection byproducts.
< example 5>
200ml of sludge extracellular polymer extracted in example 2 is taken, sodium hypochlorite solutions with the concentration of 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 34, 36 and 40mg/g TSS are respectively added into 200ml of extracellular polymer, the mixture is placed on a magnetic stirrer with 250rpm/min for stirring reaction for 6 hours, and after the reaction is finished, the mixture is enriched by a PPL (propylene glycol) column and then eluted by methanol solution, and samples are prepared for FT-ICR-MS analysis. The results show that the decrease in the total amount of chlorinated disinfection by-products before and after pH adjustment is more visually demonstrated as shown in FIGS. 9-10, further illustrating that pre-acidification reduces DBPs production while reducing the environmental hazard of sludge disinfection by-products.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the embodiments shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A control method for killing pathogenic microorganisms and toxic byproducts in sludge by strengthening chlorine disinfection is characterized by comprising the following steps: acidifying sludge generated by a sewage treatment plant, adjusting the pH value to 2-3 to obtain acidified sludge, adding sodium hypochlorite into the acidified sludge, and uniformly stirring.
2. The method for controlling the killing of pathogenic microorganisms and toxic byproducts in sludge by strengthening chlorine disinfection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dosage of the sodium hypochlorite is not less than 15mg/g TSS.
3. The method for controlling the disinfection and killing of pathogenic microorganisms and toxic byproducts in sludge by using chlorine as claimed in claim 1, wherein hydrochloric acid is used for pH adjustment.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sludge is excess sludge from a sewage treatment plant.
5. The method for controlling the killing of pathogenic microorganisms and toxic byproducts in the sludge by strengthening chlorine disinfection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solid content of the sludge is 1.6-2.5%.
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Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4051034A (en) * | 1973-09-18 | 1977-09-27 | The Coca-Cola Company | System for water disinfection |
| JPH06320195A (en) * | 1993-05-10 | 1994-11-22 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Deodorization method of dewatered sludge cake |
| JP2003103276A (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-08 | Showa Denko Kk | Sewage treatment method |
| JP2007044612A (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2007-02-22 | Hitachi Plant Technologies Ltd | Apparatus for treating sludge |
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| CN102428043A (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2012-04-25 | Es.技术公司 | Method and apparatus for reducing sludge amount |
| CN108178489A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-06-19 | 上海交通大学 | The method that electrochemistry collaboration Fe-HClO systems improve dewatering performance of sludge |
| CN110217956A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-09-10 | 武汉市城市排水发展有限公司 | For the stabilized combination conditioner of deeply dehydrating sludge collaboration mud cake and application |
| CN112777820A (en) * | 2020-12-27 | 2021-05-11 | 同济大学 | Method for cooperatively controlling microorganisms and disinfection byproducts in effluent of sewage treatment plant |
-
2022
- 2022-04-15 CN CN202210395793.6A patent/CN114804555A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4051034A (en) * | 1973-09-18 | 1977-09-27 | The Coca-Cola Company | System for water disinfection |
| JPH06320195A (en) * | 1993-05-10 | 1994-11-22 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Deodorization method of dewatered sludge cake |
| JP2003103276A (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-08 | Showa Denko Kk | Sewage treatment method |
| CN101124172A (en) * | 2004-06-01 | 2008-02-13 | 生化资源公司 | Sludge treatment process |
| JP2007044612A (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2007-02-22 | Hitachi Plant Technologies Ltd | Apparatus for treating sludge |
| CN102428043A (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2012-04-25 | Es.技术公司 | Method and apparatus for reducing sludge amount |
| CN108178489A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-06-19 | 上海交通大学 | The method that electrochemistry collaboration Fe-HClO systems improve dewatering performance of sludge |
| CN110217956A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-09-10 | 武汉市城市排水发展有限公司 | For the stabilized combination conditioner of deeply dehydrating sludge collaboration mud cake and application |
| CN112777820A (en) * | 2020-12-27 | 2021-05-11 | 同济大学 | Method for cooperatively controlling microorganisms and disinfection byproducts in effluent of sewage treatment plant |
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