CN114799730A - Pin shaft pulling-out method - Google Patents
Pin shaft pulling-out method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114799730A CN114799730A CN202210392457.6A CN202210392457A CN114799730A CN 114799730 A CN114799730 A CN 114799730A CN 202210392457 A CN202210392457 A CN 202210392457A CN 114799730 A CN114799730 A CN 114799730A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pin shaft
- pulling
- hole
- central
- connecting piece
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P11/00—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for
- B23P11/02—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits
- B23P11/025—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits by using heat or cold
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for pulling out a pin shaft, wherein the pin shaft connects a connecting piece I and a connecting piece II through transition fit, one end of a pin shaft hole is closed, and the method for pulling out the pin shaft comprises the following steps: adopting hot processing to open a central through hole along the axis of the pin shaft; cooling the pin shaft; connecting a stud bolt with the exposed end of the pin shaft in a threaded manner, penetrating a pin shaft baffle on the stud bolt, and fixing the outer end of the bolt by using a nut; the pin shaft is pulled out by a knocking method, a mechanical or hydraulic means or a pulling method. The method has the advantages of high extraction efficiency, low labor intensity and high safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical maintenance, in particular to a pin shaft pulling-out method.
Background
The connecting pin shaft is limited by the necessity of product structure design, in some specific product structures, the connecting pin shaft must be installed in a closed structure, the connecting mode is mostly in transition fit, external force is usually adopted for pressing in during assembly, a cold-assembling method is also adopted under individual conditions according to the requirement of fit precision, and the combination contact pressure of the shaft hole is increased in the installation process and after the pin shaft is installed by considering the elastic deformation factor of the material. One end of the connecting piece is of a closed structure, so that the installed pin shaft is difficult to pull out; in addition, when the device is used for a long time, the deformation of the pin hole can be caused by the stress deformation of the pin shaft and the internal stress release of the connecting piece, and the pin shaft is difficult to pull out after the pin shaft and the connecting piece are corroded. Currently, the pin shaft pulling-out method generally comprises the following three methods: firstly, a hole slightly larger than the diameter of the pin shaft is formed in the closed end of the connecting piece, a bar with the diameter and the size of the pin shaft is used for penetrating into the hole, a heavy object such as a red copper bar is used for impacting the bar to pull out the pin shaft, and finally the connecting piece is blocked by adopting a method of welding a cover plate; secondly, a hole is cut along the diameter of the pin shaft at the open end of the connecting piece, the pin shaft is clamped tightly by using a split type hydraulic clamp, and the pin shaft is pulled and pulled out; and thirdly, the pin shaft is machined by adopting a machining method, such as drilling, boring and the like. The first method can not avoid bending deformation of the connecting piece in the actual operation impact process to affect the structural performance of the whole machine, and in order to align the central hole of the pin shaft as much as possible during impact, people often need to hold the bar stock, so that personal accident injury is easily caused, and moreover, the appearance quality and the overall strength of the connecting piece can be affected by plugging the cover plate outside the connecting piece. The second method needs special equipment, and when the diameter of the pin shaft is larger than 400mm, a proper hydraulic clamp is difficult to find for completing disassembly, and pin holes of the connecting piece are damaged, so that the connecting piece is easily scrapped. The third method is required to be realized by depending on a machine tool, and the third method has no operability under most working conditions for most connecting pieces.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pin shaft pulling method which is high in pin shaft pulling efficiency, low in cost and low in risk.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for pulling out a pin shaft, the pin shaft connects a connecting piece I and a connecting piece II through transition fit, one end of a pin shaft hole is closed, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) adopting hot processing to open a central through hole along the axis of the pin shaft;
(2) cooling the pin shaft;
(3) connecting a stud bolt with the exposed end of the pin shaft in a threaded manner, penetrating a pin shaft baffle on the stud bolt, and fixing the outer end of the bolt by using a nut;
(4) the pin shaft is pulled out by a knocking method, a mechanical or hydraulic means or a pulling method.
Further, in the step (1), the diameter of the central through hole is 20% -60% of the diameter of the pin shaft.
Further, in the step (1), the thermal processing is a combustion oxygen melting rod, a gas cutting method, or a laser or an electron beam.
Further, in the step (2), a cooling liquid is filled into the central through hole.
Further, the cooling liquid is water or oil.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention has little influence on the strength of the connecting piece in the pulling-out process, and the precision of the pin shaft hole can not be damaged, thereby completely meeting the requirement of secondary assembly of the component; the invention has the advantages of convenient extraction, low labor intensity, high safety and low cost, and the production efficiency can be improved by more than 15 times; the invention is suitable for pulling out pin shafts in various semi-closed structural forms under most working conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a pin removal method;
in the figure, 1-connecting piece I, 2-connecting piece II, 3-pin shaft, 4-central through hole, 5-pin shaft baffle plate and 6-stud.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the connecting piece I1 and the connecting piece II2 are connected by transition fit of the pin shaft 3, one end of the pin shaft hole is closed and not exposed, in this embodiment, the length of the pin shaft 3 is 385mm, and the diameter is 100 mm. The pulling-out method comprises the following steps:
(1) adopting hot processing, and forming a central through hole 4 along the axis of the pin shaft;
(2) cooling the pin shaft 3;
(3) connecting a stud 6 with the exposed end of the pin shaft in a threaded manner, penetrating a pin shaft baffle 5 on the stud, and fixing the outer end of the stud 6 by using a nut;
(4) the pin shaft 3 is pulled out by mechanical or hydraulic means or by tapping.
In the step (1), the diameter of the central through hole 4 is 20% -60% of the diameter of the pin shaft, and in this embodiment, the diameter of the central through hole 4 is 25 mm.
In the step (1), the hot working means is combustion oxygen melting rod, gas cutting method or laser or electron beam, and in the hot working process, the outer area of the through hole of the pin shaft generates radial thermal expansion to generate pressure stress on the connecting piece, so that the rusty point between the pin shaft 3 and the pin hole is extruded out. In this example, a central through hole 4 with a diameter of 25mm is burnt on the pin 3 along the central line by using a burning oxygen melting rod, wherein the diameter of the oxygen melting rod is 13mm, the length of the oxygen melting rod is 500mm, and the structural diagram of the processed pin is shown in fig. 1. The oxygen melting rod is a gas cutting tool, and can generate 3600 ℃ high temperature under the combustion supporting of oxygen, so that perforation (drilling) is realized; compared with a gas cutting method and a laser or electron beam hot processing method, the oxygen melting rod drilling method is more convenient, the applicability is wider, general equipment can be maintained in the field and remote areas, and the oxygen melting rod can be easier.
In the step (2), the central through hole 4 is a through hole structure, the cooling can be self-decomposition cooling, and the cooling mode with better effect is to fill cooling liquid or introduce cooling gas into the central through hole, so that the cooling process can be accelerated. Cooling to normal temperature. In the operation process, the pin shaft 3 can form different temperature gradients in the cooling process, the initial problem of the central position is high, and the cooling shrinkage speed is high, so that the radial region is driven to shrink inwards layer by layer, and due to the existence of the large enough central through hole 4, the shrinkage of the pin shaft 3 has enough freedom degree and shrinkage space. The pin shaft 3 is cooled to shrink to greatly reduce the clearance between the pin shaft and the pin hole, and the fit form of the shaft hole is even changed to a certain degree, so that clearance fit is formed, and the pin shaft 3 is easy to pull out.
In step 3, the original threaded connecting hole can be used in the exposed end of the pin shaft, and if the original threaded connecting hole is not used, the pin shaft can be newly opened. And when the pin shaft 3 is cooled and shrunk, the stud 6 penetrates through the pin shaft baffle 5 and then is screwed into the pin shaft 3, and meanwhile, the nut is screwed into the pin shaft baffle 5 to fix the pin shaft baffle 5.
In the step (4), the pin shaft baffle 5 is knocked by heavy objects such as red copper bars and the like, repeated vibration is carried out for many times, the fit clearance between the pin shaft 3 and the pin hole is increased in the cooling process, the bearing pressure is small in the process of knocking and vibrating the pin shaft baffle 5, and the process of pulling out the pin shaft 3 is safe. In order to make the extraction of the pin 3 faster, a jack or other hydraulic means can also be used to impact the pin stop 5. The jack or the hydraulic means is more suitable for the condition that the surface of the connecting piece is a plane, the base or the hydraulic support of the jack is flatly leaned against the connecting piece, and the rocker is shaken or the motor is started, so that the jack or the hydraulic support is lifted to the pin shaft baffle 5. The pin shaft baffle 5 and the stud 6 are arranged as auxiliary parts and are used as acting points when the auxiliary parts are pulled out in a knocking or jack or hydraulic mode.
The invention only destroys the local structure of the pin shaft in the implementation process, the strength of the connecting piece is hardly affected, the precision of the pin hole is not destroyed, and the secondary assembly of the component can be completely satisfied.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and various changes which can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A pin shaft pulling-out method is characterized in that the pulling-out method comprises the following steps:
(1) adopting hot processing to open a central through hole along the axis of the pin shaft;
(2) cooling the pin shaft;
(3) connecting a stud bolt with the exposed end of the pin shaft in a threaded manner, penetrating a pin shaft baffle on the stud bolt, and fixing the outer end of the bolt by using a nut;
(4) the pin shaft is pulled out by a knocking method, a mechanical or hydraulic means or a pulling method.
2. The method for pulling out a pin shaft according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the diameter of the central through hole is 20-60% of the diameter of the pin shaft.
3. The method for pulling out a pin shaft according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the thermal processing is combustion oxygen melting rod, gas cutting method or laser or electron beam.
4. The method for pulling out a pin shaft according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the cooling mode is to fill cooling liquid or introduce cooling gas into the central through hole.
5. The method for pulling out a pin shaft according to claim 4, wherein: the cooling liquid is water or oil.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210392457.6A CN114799730A (en) | 2022-04-15 | 2022-04-15 | Pin shaft pulling-out method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210392457.6A CN114799730A (en) | 2022-04-15 | 2022-04-15 | Pin shaft pulling-out method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114799730A true CN114799730A (en) | 2022-07-29 |
Family
ID=82536305
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210392457.6A Withdrawn CN114799730A (en) | 2022-04-15 | 2022-04-15 | Pin shaft pulling-out method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114799730A (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4685188A (en) * | 1986-02-24 | 1987-08-11 | Alsthom | Method of coupling two flanged shaft ends |
| US20070034612A1 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2007-02-15 | Manfred Rahm | Method for welding a rotationally symmetrical part to a hub part |
| CN101084088A (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2007-12-05 | 马勒技术公司 | Method of manufacturing a connecting rod assembly for an internal combustion engine |
| CN201132260Y (en) * | 2007-12-29 | 2008-10-15 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Pin-removing device |
| CN106181856A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 徐州徐工基础工程机械有限公司 | A kind of dismounting hinge pin method |
| CN207139692U (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2018-03-27 | 岳晓明 | A kind of development machine coal-winning machine pin shaft disassembling tool |
-
2022
- 2022-04-15 CN CN202210392457.6A patent/CN114799730A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4685188A (en) * | 1986-02-24 | 1987-08-11 | Alsthom | Method of coupling two flanged shaft ends |
| US20070034612A1 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2007-02-15 | Manfred Rahm | Method for welding a rotationally symmetrical part to a hub part |
| CN101084088A (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2007-12-05 | 马勒技术公司 | Method of manufacturing a connecting rod assembly for an internal combustion engine |
| CN201132260Y (en) * | 2007-12-29 | 2008-10-15 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Pin-removing device |
| CN106181856A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 徐州徐工基础工程机械有限公司 | A kind of dismounting hinge pin method |
| CN207139692U (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2018-03-27 | 岳晓明 | A kind of development machine coal-winning machine pin shaft disassembling tool |
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| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20220729 |
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| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |