CN114799182A - Ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding method and device for gradient functional composite material - Google Patents
Ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding method and device for gradient functional composite material Download PDFInfo
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- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
- B22F2007/042—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal characterised by the layer forming method
- B22F2007/045—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal characterised by the layer forming method accompanied by fusion or impregnation
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention provides an ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding device for a gradient functional composite material, which comprises a rack, and a preset sheet sample preparation assembly and an ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding assembly which are arranged on the rack. The ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding assembly comprises a laser micro-cladding head assembly and an ultrasonic-assisted worktable assembly. The invention also provides an ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding method for the gradient functional composite material, wherein in the early implementation stage, a preset sheet sample is prepared by controlling the component proportion of the copper-based composite material, a wet ball-milling process, ultrasonic-assisted processing of a preset sheet, vacuum drying and demoulding and other processes according to the gradient material theory, and then the preset sheet sample is prepared into the graphene/copper-based gradient functional composite coating in a multi-channel multi-layer processing mode under the action of a composite energy field based on the ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding process. The method can form the high-quality gradient functional composite coating in a metallurgical bonding mode through a laser micro-cladding technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding method and device for a gradient functional composite material.
Background
With the rapid development of industrial manufacturing technology, the service conditions under complex working conditions are difficult to satisfy by the material with single component, so that the material is subjected to composite processing, the material structure is optimized, the material use performance is changed and promoted, and the inevitable trend of future development is formed. The composite material is a multi-phase material tissue compounded by two or more component materials with different properties and different forms, various component materials realize the purpose of making up for the deficiency in properties, generate synergistic effect, fully play the respective advantages and make up for the deficiency, so that the comprehensive performance of the composite material is superior to that of the original component material to meet the requirement of the use performance of the composite material, but when the composite material is compounded for a plurality of materials with larger property differences, the compounding effectiveness and feasibility of the material are directly influenced by the interface problem of the material compounding. In order to effectively solve the problems of component difference, interface stress and the like of the composite material, the gradient functional composite material is provided, which is essentially a non-homogeneous material which adopts an advanced material composite technology and continuously changes in a gradient manner from one side to the other side by controlling elements (components, structures and the like) of the material, the interface can disappear from the interior of the non-homogeneous material, the property and the function of the non-homogeneous material change in a gradient manner corresponding to the change of the components and the structures, and the performance mismatching factors of the combined part can be reduced and overcome. At present, the preparation of the gradient functional composite material adopts the processes of powder gradient preparation method, self-propagating high-temperature combustion synthesis method, plasma spraying method, thermal spraying deposition, electrodeposition method, vapor deposition method, laser cladding method and the like.
The laser cladding is a surface modification technology for instantly melting a powder material on the surface layer of a base material in a preset or synchronous powder feeding mode by controlling parameters such as laser output power, scanning speed, lap joint rate, defocusing amount, protective gas flow and the like, and obtaining one or more layers of composite coatings by powder metallurgy combination between a cladding layer and the base material. The processed composite coating has good wear resistance, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance, small deformation of a base material, low dilution rate of the composite coating and strong interface bonding, and is one of ideal methods for preparing the composite coating. However, the laser cladding technology is not applied to the processing of copper-based composite materials, and specifically relates to two core problems: on one hand, the laser cladding technology has short plates, such as 1) surface ripples caused by surface tension of a molten pool; 2) local high temperature is rapidly cooled, and cracks are caused by internal structure stress nonuniformity caused by differences of temperature gradient, thermal expansion, shrinkage rate and the like; 3) multiple layers of lap cladding lead to excessive remelting, so that the grain thickness of a metallurgical bonding structure is uneven, local collapse is caused, and the cladding defect of the upper layer is inherited to the lower layer. On the other hand, the copper-based material has defects in the physical and chemical properties, and 1) the copper material has low laser absorption rate, high reflectivity and high requirement on laser power; 2) the copper material has fast heat conduction and high thermal expansion rate, is difficult to form a stable molten pool, and has cracks and interface failure caused by the problems of thermal expansion coefficient and wetting when being subjected to laser cladding processing with other materials.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirement of the prior art, the invention provides an ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding device and method for a gradient functional composite material. In the early implementation period, a preset sheet sample is prepared by controlling the component proportion of the copper-based composite material, a wet ball milling process, an ultrasonic-assisted processing preset sheet, vacuum drying demolding and other procedures according to the gradient material theory, and then the graphene/copper-based gradient functional composite coating is prepared by the preset sheet sample in a multi-channel multi-layer processing mode under the action of a composite energy field based on an ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding process.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a gradient functional composite material ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding device comprises a rack, and a preset sheet sample preparation assembly and an ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding assembly which are arranged on the rack;
the rack comprises trundles, table legs, a table top and a parallel truss; the parallel trusses are arranged on the table top, the table legs are arranged at four corners of the table top and used for supporting the table top, and the trundles are arranged at the bottoms of the table legs;
the preset piece sample preparation assembly comprises a bottom plate, a first ultrasonic vibrator assembly, a die grid plate, a T-shaped pressing plate assembly, a laminated plate, a laser range finder, a range finder mounting plate, a vertical sliding plate, a linear bearing, a guide rod, a connecting bolt, a linear motor mounting plate and a linear motor; the bottom plate is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the interior of the bottom plate is hollow, and the bottom plate is integrally connected by virtue of four vertical corner columns; the first ultrasonic vibrator assembly and the die grid plate are respectively and centrally arranged below and above the upper layer plate of the bottom plate; the T-shaped pressing plate assembly comprises a T-shaped pressing plate and is fixedly arranged on the laminate in a four-row and six-column mode; the laser range finders are fixed on the vertical sliding plate through range finder mounting plates, the linear bearings and the guide rods are coaxially matched and mounted, four groups of the linear bearings are distributed at four top corners of the vertical sliding plate, the upper ends and the lower ends of the guide rods are respectively fixed on the bottom plate and the linear motor mounting plates, two groups of the connecting bolts are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the vertical sliding plate, and the vertical sliding plate is connected with the layer plate through the threaded matching of the upper ends and the lower ends; the linear motor mounting plate is X-shaped, the middle part of the linear motor mounting plate is fixedly provided with a linear motor, and the four support legs are provided with positioning holes for locking the guide rod;
the ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding assembly comprises a laser micro-cladding head assembly and an ultrasonic-assisted workbench assembly; the ultrasonic auxiliary worktable assembly is arranged on the left side of the table top, and the laser micro-cladding head assembly is arranged on the table top through a parallel truss;
the laser micro-cladding head assembly comprises a Y-direction electric module, an L-shaped adapter plate, a Z-direction electric module, a convex mounting plate and a laser micro-cladding head; the Y-direction electric module is horizontally arranged on the parallel truss, the Z-direction electric module is arranged on the Y-direction electric module through an L-shaped adapter plate, the laser micro-cladding head is arranged on the Z-direction electric module through a convex mounting plate, and the laser micro-cladding head completes the movement in the Y direction and the Z direction under the driving of the Y-direction electric module and the Z-direction electric module;
the ultrasonic auxiliary table assembly comprises: the device comprises an X-direction electric module, a transverse sliding plate, a second ultrasonic vibrator component, a workbench, an auxiliary temperature control heating module and a metal partition plate; the X is to electronic module be a pair of, fixes on the mesa between two parties, and the horizontal sliding plate both ends are installed with the X that corresponds to electronic module cooperation respectively, and the workstation is fixed in the middle part of horizontal sliding plate, and second ultrasonic vibrator subassembly and supplementary control by temperature change heating module set up below and the top at the workstation upper strata board respectively, and metal baffle is nine palaces trellises, cuts off supplementary control by temperature change heating module.
The invention also provides a laser micro-cladding method based on the gradient functional composite material ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding device of claim 1, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparation of a pre-sheet sample powder:
1) weighing graphite, electrolytic copper powder and iron powder, and performing gradient grouping according to different mass ratios of the graphite to the copper powder to obtain N groups of copper-based composite material powder, wherein N is more than or equal to 4;
2) weighing multilayer graphene, adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the multilayer graphene, performing ultrasonic dispersion, and uniformly dividing the multilayer graphene/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed solution into N parts;
3) respectively filling N groups of copper-based composite material powder into different ball milling tanks, pouring the uniformly-divided multilayer graphene/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed dispersion solution and acetone reagent, vacuumizing, performing wet ball milling by using a planetary ball mill, and performing vacuum drying to obtain N groups of preset sheet sample powder with different quality parameters, namely multilayer graphene/copper-based composite material dispersion strengthening powder;
step 2: preparation of a preset sheet sample:
1) flatly paving the cut plain woven carbon fiber cloth with the same size at the bottom of a die grid plate of a preset piece sample preparation assembly, respectively dividing powder of each group of preset piece samples into N parts, sequentially and respectively filling the N parts of powder into the die grid, and marking;
2) starting a first ultrasonic vibrator assembly at the bottom of the grid plate of the die, and uniformly spraying the mixed binder on the surface of the powder in the period, so that uniform spreading and semi-wet bonding of the powder can be realized simultaneously;
3) then, flatly paving the cut plain woven carbon fiber cloth with the same size above the powder material, setting parameters of a laser range finder according to the height of a prepared preset piece of sample, starting a linear motor to drive a vertical sliding plate, a layer plate and a T-shaped pressing plate assembly to synchronously move downwards, and enabling the bottom of the T-shaped pressing plate assembly to be in contact with the plain woven carbon fiber cloth on the upper layer and continuously press the plain woven carbon fiber cloth to a preset position and keep the plain woven carbon fiber cloth;
4) putting the die grid plate and the built-in preset piece sample into a vacuum drying oven for drying, cooling to normal temperature, demoulding, sampling and marking;
and step 3: carrying out ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding, specifically comprising:
1) selecting a base material, and carrying out laser cleaning on the outer surface of the base material to remove an oxidation film, oil stains, impurities and water on the surface of the base material;
2) placing the treated substrate on the upper surface of the assembly auxiliary temperature control heating module, and coating high-temperature-resistant sealant on the edge of the contact surface of the substrate and the assembly auxiliary temperature control heating module; after the high-temperature-resistant sealant is solidified, starting a second ultrasonic vibrator assembly; the auxiliary temperature control heating module is used for providing constant temperature;
3) setting technological parameters of ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding, performing N-channel step-by-step laser micro-cladding experiments by using an ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding device, superposing N groups of preset piece samples layer by layer, and scanning N channels by each layer of laser to obtain a high-thickness gradient functional composite material laser micro-cladding layer sample.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. because the materialization and structural properties of copper and graphite materials are different, and synchronous powder feeding cannot be realized, the gradient functional composite material pre-prepared piece sample is manufactured by adopting a pre-prepared method, and composite material powder subjected to ball milling and drying is sequentially subjected to the process flows of plain weave carbon fiber cloth bottoming, ultrasonic vibration flattening, uniform binder spraying, plain weave carbon fiber cloth topping, laser ranging auxiliary accurate positioning and prepressing, vacuum drying, demolding, sampling and the like by utilizing a pre-prepared piece sample preparation assembly, wherein the plain weave carbon fiber cloth has the advantages of being light and thin, high in heat conduction, smooth in surface, small in elastic deformation, capable of completely volatilizing in high temperature, free of impurity residue and the like, the topping and the bottoming are carried out to form a sandwich structure, and the supporting and protecting effects are achieved in the preparation of the pre-prepared piece sample; the flatness and the density of the macroscopic morphology of the composite material powder are further improved by adopting ultrasonic vibration paving, uniformly spraying a binder, and assisting accurate positioning and prepressing by laser ranging; the process flow is scientific and reasonable, semi-automatic operation is realized based on the preset piece sample preparation assembly, the obtained gradient function composite preset piece samples are consistent in thickness, the material components are uniformly dispersed, and the flatness and the density are improved.
2. The gradient functional composite material adopted by the invention mainly comprises graphite, electrolytic copper powder, iron powder and multilayer graphene dispersion liquid, the mass ratio of the composite material meets the requirements of the gradient functional material, mixed powder with different mass ratio parameters is subjected to wet mechanical ball milling for 8 hours, and under the combined action of shearing force and impact force, copper powder particles in the powder basically form smaller flaky refined copper matrix particles; the graphite particles are crushed and attached to the surface layer of the copper matrix particles by ultrafine particles, and the multi-layer graphene is stripped into submicron-level crystal grains which are uniformly dispersed in the copper matrix particles at different angles, so that anisotropy is realized, dislocation slippage and plastic deformation of the copper crystal grains in the ball milling process are hindered, second-phase reinforcement is formed, the second-phase reinforcement is combined with the copper matrix particles, and the comprehensive electric and heat conduction performance of the gradient functional composite material is further enhanced; the iron powder particles account for less, and are ground and welded with the copper powder particles under the action of high-energy mechanical ball milling to form the iron-copper binary alloy, so that the wetting angle of the inert material copper/graphite is effectively reduced, and the laser micro-cladding processing of the composite material at the later stage is facilitated.
3. The invention provides a method for processing a multi-channel multi-layer stacked micro-cladding coating by adopting ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding, aiming at the feasibility and implementation necessity of the multi-channel multi-layer stacked micro-cladding coating, the process not only solves the problem of composite effectiveness and feasibility caused by factors such as component difference of a composite material, interface stress and the like, but also improves the fluidity of a molten pool, refines grains, improves a solidification crystalline structure, reduces internal pores and internal residual stress under the coupling action of ultrasonic vibration and a laser heat source, and further forms a high-quality laser micro-cladding coating and good metallurgical bonding. The related composite energy field comprises a constant thermal field, an ultrasonic vibration auxiliary energy field and a laser micro-cladding thermal field which are provided by an auxiliary temperature control heating plate. And when the optimal matching state is reached, the laser micro-cladding component provides technological parameters such as laser output power, spot diameter, scanning speed, lap joint rate and the like, and automatic micro-cladding processing is implemented. Under the action of a coupling mechanism of 'double thermal fields + ultrasonic vibration auxiliary energy fields', the auxiliary temperature control heating module improves the laser absorption rate of a preset piece of sample in the micro-cladding process, the bonding rate of the preset piece of sample with a base material is improved, the effect is maintained layer by layer, the auxiliary temperature control heating module has a heat preservation effect, the surface crack caused by the rapid cooling of a cladding layer is prevented, the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary energy field is introduced, under the comprehensive action of acoustic current effect and cavitation effect, the gas-liquid interface of a molten pool is changed in the multi-layer and multi-channel micro-cladding process, the overall liquidity of the molten pool is enhanced, the rapid overflow of gas is promoted, the internal stress caused by the temperature gradient difference is reduced, the generation of micro crack and pore defects is further inhibited, and through experimental test and observation, 1) the laser output power is selected to be 1.5Kw, the diameter of a light spot is 3.5mm, the scanning speed is 350mm/min, the lap joint rate is 45%, and the second ultrasonic vibrator component output power is 450w, the temperature of the auxiliary temperature control heating module is 350 ℃; 2) selecting 1.75Kw of laser output power, 4.5mm of spot diameter, 450mm/min of scanning speed, 45% of lap joint rate, 450w of second ultrasonic vibrator component output power and 350 ℃ of auxiliary temperature control heating module; the microstructure characteristics and performance characterization of the gradient functional composite material micro-cladding coating prepared by the two optimal process experimental parameters are obviously improved compared with those of the base material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of an ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding device for a gradient functional composite material;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a pre-sheet sample preparation assembly;
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding assembly;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a laser micro-cladding head assembly;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an ultrasonic auxiliary table assembly;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a rack;
the reference numerals in the figures have the following meanings:
the device comprises a preset sheet preparation assembly 1, a bottom plate 101, a first ultrasonic vibrator assembly 102, a die grid plate 103, a T-shaped pressing plate assembly 104, a layer plate 105, a laser range finder 106, a range finder mounting plate 107, a vertical sliding plate 108, a linear bearing 109, a guide rod 110, a connecting bolt 111, a linear motor mounting plate 112, a linear motor 113, an ultrasonic auxiliary laser micro-cladding assembly 2, a laser micro-cladding head assembly 201, an ultrasonic auxiliary worktable assembly 202, a Y-direction electric module 2011, an L-shaped adapter plate 2012, a Z-direction electric module 2013, a convex mounting plate 2014, a laser micro-cladding head 2015, an X-direction electric module 2021, a transverse sliding plate 2022, a second ultrasonic vibrator assembly 2023, a worktable 2024, an auxiliary temperature control heating module 2025, a metal partition plate 2026, a rack 3, castors 301, table legs 3022, a table top 303 and a parallel truss 304.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-6, the invention provides a gradient functional composite material ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding device, which comprises a frame 3, and a pre-arranged sheet sample preparation assembly 1 and an ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding assembly 2 which are arranged on the frame 3.
The housing 3 comprises castors 301, legs 302, a table top 303 and a parallel truss 304. The parallel girders 304 are provided on the table top 303, the legs 302 are provided at four corners of the table top 303 for supporting the table top 303, and the casters 301 are mounted on the bottoms of the legs 302.
The pre-sheet specimen preparation assembly 1 comprises: a base plate 101, a first ultrasonic vibrator assembly 102, a mold grid plate 103, a T-shaped platen assembly 104, a laminate plate 105, a laser range finder 106, a range finder mounting plate 107, a vertical sliding plate 108, a linear bearing 109, a guide bar 110, a connecting bolt 111, a linear motor mounting plate 112, and a linear motor 113. The bottom plate 101 is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the interior of the bottom plate is hollow, and the bottom plate is integrally connected by means of four vertical corner columns; the first ultrasonic vibrator assembly 102 and the die grid plate 103 are respectively and centrally arranged below and above the upper plate of the bottom plate 101; the T-shaped pressing plate assembly 104 comprises a T-shaped pressing plate which is fixedly arranged on the laminate 105 in a four-row and six-column mode; the laser range finders 106 are fixed on the vertical sliding plate 108 through a range finder mounting plate 107, the linear bearings 109 and the guide rods 110 are coaxially matched and mounted, four groups of the linear bearings 109 are distributed at four top corners of the vertical sliding plate 108, the upper ends and the lower ends of the guide rods 110 are respectively fixed on the bottom plate 101 and the linear motor mounting plate 112, two groups of the connecting bolts 111 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the vertical sliding plate 108, and the vertical sliding plate 108 is connected with the layer plate 105 through the threaded matching of the upper ends and the lower ends; the linear motor mounting plate 112 is in an X shape, the linear motor 113 is fixedly mounted at the middle part, and the four support legs are provided with positioning holes for locking the guide rod 110.
The ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding assembly 2 comprises: a laser micro-cladding head assembly 201 and an ultrasonic auxiliary worktable assembly 202; the ultrasonic auxiliary worktable assembly 202 is arranged on the left side of the table-board 303, and the laser micro-cladding head assembly 201 is arranged on the table-board 303 through a parallel truss 304;
the laser micro-cladding head assembly 201 includes: the device comprises a Y-direction electric module 2011, an L-shaped adapter plate 2012, a Z-direction electric module 2013, a convex mounting plate 2014 and a laser micro-cladding head 2015; the Y-direction electric module 2011 is horizontally arranged on the parallel truss 304, the Z-direction electric module 2013 is arranged on the Y-direction electric module 2011 through an L-shaped adapter plate 2012, the laser micro-cladding head 2015 is arranged on the Z-direction electric module 2013 through a convex mounting plate 2014, and the laser micro-cladding head 2015 completes the Y-direction movement and the Z-direction movement under the driving of the Y-direction electric module 2011 and the Z-direction electric module 2013.
The ultrasonic auxiliary table assembly 202 includes: an X-direction electric module 2021, a transverse sliding plate 2022, a second ultrasonic vibrator module 2023, a workbench 2024, an auxiliary temperature control heating module 2025 and a metal clapboard 2026; the pair of X-direction electric modules 2021 is fixed on the table-board 303 in the middle, two ends of the transverse sliding plate 2022 are respectively installed in cooperation with the corresponding X-direction electric module 2021, the worktable 2024 is fixed in the middle of the transverse sliding plate 2022, the second ultrasonic vibrator module 2023 and the auxiliary temperature control heating module 2025 are respectively arranged below and above the upper plate of the worktable 2024, and the metal partition plate 2026 is in a grid shape to partition the auxiliary temperature control heating module 2025.
The working principle and the process of the preset slice sample preparation assembly 1 are as follows:
1) plain woven carbon fiber cloth with the same size is laid at the bottom of each inner groove of the die grid plate 103, so that the structural support effect is achieved, the cracking of the bottom of the later-stage preset piece sample during drying treatment is prevented, the direct contact between semi-wet type powder materials and the bottoms of the inner grooves is avoided, and the later-stage preset piece sample is prevented from being difficult to demould; in addition, plain woven carbon fiber cloth is placed above the semi-wet state powder material, so that the structural support effect is achieved, the top of a preset piece sample in the later period is prevented from cracking during drying treatment, and the semi-wet state powder material is prevented from being in direct contact with the bottom of the T-shaped pressing plate assembly 104;
2) uniformly spraying the mixed binder on the surface of a loose powder material, and accelerating penetration under the action of an ultrasonic vibration vibrator at the bottom to realize uniform spreading and semi-wet bonding of powder;
3) the first ultrasonic vibrator assembly 102 stops working, and the bottom of the T-shaped platen assembly 104 contacts the upper plain woven carbon fiber cloth and is pressed down to a preset position and held for 5min to achieve effective sizing.
The invention provides an ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding device and method based on a gradient functional composite material, which specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) preparation of a pre-sheet sample powder:
1) weighing graphite, electrolytic copper powder and iron powder according to the mass distribution parameters of the copper-based composite material powder in the table 1, and mixing and grouping the graphite, the electrolytic copper powder and the iron powder; firstly, the copper-based gradient functional composite material is subjected to gradient grouping by different mass ratios of graphite and copper powder, 4g of iron powder is fixedly introduced into each group, on the premise that the total mass is 400g, the increment of 20g of graphite is increased from 20g to 80g, and the decrement of 20g of electrolytic copper powder is decreased from 376g to 316 g. Then mixing the graphite, the electrolytic copper powder and the iron powder in each group, and preparing 4 groups of preset piece sample powder with different quality parameters according to a ball milling process.
2) Weighing 4g of multilayer graphene, adding 80ML of absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 25min, and uniformly dividing the multilayer graphene/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed solution into 4 parts;
3) respectively filling the mixed powder of 1# to 4# into different ball milling tanks, pouring the uniformly distributed multilayer graphene/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed dispersion solution and 10ML acetone reagent, vacuumizing, performing wet ball milling by using a planetary ball mill, and performing vacuum drying to obtain 4 groups of preset sheet sample powder with different quality parameters, namely multilayer graphene/copper-based composite material dispersion strengthening powder;
the ball milling tank and the grinding ball can be both GCr15, the mass ratio of the big ball (diameter 8mm) to the small ball (diameter 6mm) of the grinding ball is 2: 1, and the ball material ratio is as follows: 5: 1, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 260r/min, the ball milling time is 8h, the positive and negative rotation alternating time is 30min, and the acceleration time and the deceleration time are 15s and 20s respectively.
TABLE 1 quality distribution chart of copper-based composite powder
| Serial number | Graphite (g) | Electrolytic copper powder (g) | Iron powder (g) | Specimen thickness (mm) |
| 1# | 20 | 376 | 4 | 1 |
| 2# | 40 | 356 | 4 | 1 |
| 3# | 60 | 336 | 4 | 1 |
| 4# | 80 | 316 | 4 | 1 |
(2) Preparation of a preset sheet sample:
1) flatly paving the cut plain woven carbon fiber cloth with the same size at the bottom of a die grid plate 103 of the preset piece sample preparation assembly 1, respectively dividing powder of each group of preset piece samples from 1# to 4# into 4 parts, sequentially and respectively filling the 4 parts into die grids, and marking;
2) starting the first ultrasonic vibrator assembly 102 at the bottom of the grid plate 103 of the die, uniformly spraying the mixed binder on the surface of the powder in the period, realizing uniform spreading and semi-wet bonding of the powder simultaneously, and stopping the first ultrasonic vibrator assembly 102;
the first ultrasonic vibrator component 102 outputs 300W of power; the mixed binder is a mixed solvent of sodium carboxymethylcellulose with the concentration of 0.72% and polyvinyl alcohol with the concentration of 6%;
3) then, the cut plain woven carbon fiber cloth with the same size is tiled above the powder material, a laser range finder (the upper surface of a die grid plate 103 is taken as a reference surface, the laser range finder dynamically measures the relative distance S with the reference surface, the depth of a groove in the die grid plate 103 is known to be 10mm, and the relative distance S can be set to be 9mm as a specified preset position) parameter is set according to the height of a prepared preset piece sample of 1mm, a linear motor 113 is started to drive a vertical sliding plate 108, a layer plate 105 and a T-shaped pressure plate assembly 104 to synchronously move downwards, the bottom of the T-shaped pressure plate assembly 104 is in contact with the plain woven carbon fiber cloth on the upper layer and continuously pressed to the preset position, and the condition is kept for 5 min;
4) placing the die grid plate 103 and the built-in preset sheet sample into a vacuum drying oven, and keeping the vacuum degree at 75 ℃ and 10 - 3 Drying for 2h under MPa, cooling to normal temperature, demoulding, sampling and marking.
(3) Carrying out ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding, comprising the following steps:
1) selecting Q235 steel as an experimental substrate, and carrying out laser cleaning on the outer surface of a cuboid sample with the size of 100mmX100mmX10mm to quickly remove an oxidation film, oil stains, impurities, water and the like on the surface of the substrate; the technological parameters of the laser cleaning are laser output power of 150W, frequency of 80KHz and scanning speed of 3000 mm/s;
2) placing the processed Q235 steel on the upper surface of the assembly auxiliary temperature control heating module 2025, and coating high-temperature-resistant sealant on the edge of the contact surface of the Q235 steel and the assembly auxiliary temperature control heating module (preventing the Q235 steel from deviating and displacing under the action of ultrasonic vibration); after the high-temperature-resistant sealant is solidified, the second ultrasonic vibrator component 2023 is started; the high-temperature-resistant sealant is a single-component non-collapse silicone high-temperature-resistant sealant, can be continuously in a constant-temperature working state at-60 ℃ to +1280 ℃, and has excellent high and low temperature resistance; meanwhile, the device is suitable for a high-power high-frequency ultrasonic vibration environment and does not lose effectiveness; the auxiliary temperature control heating module 2025 can provide a constant temperature of 350 ℃, and the positive and negative errors are not more than 5 ℃;
3) the A, B, C, D four multilayer graphene/copper-based composite material coatings with six-layer gradient change are prepared by adopting the experimental scheme of the ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding process in the table 2.
The working principle and the process of the ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding assembly 2 are as follows: using a Q235 steel plate as a base material, adopting A, B, C, D four groups of ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding process experimental schemes shown in Table 2, taking A group of process experiments as an example, and using ultrasonicThe auxiliary laser micro-cladding device performs four-layer step-by-step laser micro-cladding experiments, 1#, 2#, 3# and 4# preset piece samples are stacked layer by layer, and each layer of laser scans four paths to obtain a high-thickness gradient functional composite material laser micro-cladding layer sample. The laser output power is 1.25KW, the lapping rate is 45 percent, the output power of the ultrasonic oscillator is 450W is kept unchanged, the scanning speed is 300mm/min, 350mm/min,/400 mm/min, 450mm/min and 500mm/min are reference increments, the spot diameter is a dynamic variable which is increased from 2.5mm to 4.5mm by 0.5mm, 25 composite material laser micro-cladding layer samples with high thickness gradient function are obtained in total and are respectively marked as A300 GBZJ2.5 ～～A300 GBZJ4.5 ；A350 GBZJ2.5 ～A350 GBZJ4.5 ；A400 GBZJ2.5 ～A400 GBZJ4.5 ；A450 GBZJ2.5 ～A450 GBZJ4.5 ；A500 GBZJ2.5 ～A500 GBZJ4.5 (ii) a B, C, D three groups of 75 high-thickness gradient functional composite material laser micro-cladding coating samples can be obtained by the same method. The optimal process experimental parameters are obtained by carrying out metallographic structure analysis, microhardness test, frictional wear and scanning electron microscope analysis on the laser micro-cladding coating sample.
TABLE 2 Experimental protocol for ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding process
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be varied in many ways, and that such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the scope of the invention. All such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of this claim.
Claims (2)
1. The ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding device for the composite material with the gradient function is characterized by comprising a rack (3), and a pre-arranged sheet sample preparation assembly (1) and an ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding assembly (2) which are arranged on the rack (3);
the rack (3) comprises casters (301), table legs (302), a table top (303) and a parallel truss (304); the parallel trusses (304) are arranged on the table top (303), the table legs (302) are arranged at four corners of the table top (303) and used for supporting the table top (303), and the casters (301) are arranged at the bottoms of the table legs (302);
the preset sheet sample preparation assembly (1) comprises a bottom plate (101), a first ultrasonic vibrator assembly (102), a mold grid plate (103), a T-shaped pressing plate assembly (104), a laminated plate (105), a laser range finder (106), a range finder mounting plate (107), a vertical sliding plate (108), a linear bearing (109), a guide rod (110), a connecting bolt (111), a linear motor mounting plate (112) and a linear motor (113); the bottom plate (101) is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, is hollow inside and is integrally connected by virtue of four vertical corner columns; the first ultrasonic vibrator assembly (102) and the die grid plate (103) are respectively and centrally arranged below and above an upper plate of the bottom plate (101); the T-shaped pressing plate assembly (104) comprises a T-shaped pressing plate and is fixedly arranged on the laminate (105) in a four-row and six-column mode; the laser range finders (106) are fixed on the vertical sliding plate (108) through range finder mounting plates (107), the linear bearings (109) and the guide rods (110) are coaxially matched and mounted, four groups of the linear bearings (109) are distributed at four vertex angles of the vertical sliding plate (108), the upper end and the lower end of each guide rod (110) are respectively fixed on the bottom plate (101) and the linear motor mounting plate (112), two groups of connecting bolts (111) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the vertical sliding plate (108), and the vertical sliding plate (108) is connected with the laminated plate (105) through the threaded matching of the upper end and the lower end; the linear motor mounting plate (112) is X-shaped, the middle part of the linear motor mounting plate is fixedly provided with a linear motor (113), and the four support legs are provided with positioning holes for locking the guide rod (110);
the ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding assembly (2) comprises a laser micro-cladding head assembly (201) and an ultrasonic-assisted workbench assembly (202); the ultrasonic auxiliary worktable assembly (202) is arranged on the left side of the table top (303), and the laser micro-cladding head assembly (201) is arranged on the table top (303) through a parallel truss (304);
the laser micro-cladding head assembly (201) comprises a Y-direction electric module (2011), an L-shaped adapter plate (2012), a Z-direction electric module (2013), a convex mounting plate (2014) and a laser micro-cladding head (2015); the Y-direction electric module (2011) is horizontally arranged on the parallel truss (304), the Z-direction electric module (2013) is arranged on the Y-direction electric module (2011) through an L-shaped adapter plate (2012), the laser micro-cladding head (2015) is arranged on the Z-direction electric module (2013) through a convex mounting plate (2014), and the laser micro-cladding head (2015) completes the movement in the Y direction and the Z direction under the driving of the Y-direction electric module (2011) and the Z-direction electric module (2013);
the ultrasound-assisted table assembly (202) comprising: an X-direction electric module (2021), a transverse sliding plate (2022), a second ultrasonic vibrator assembly (2023), a workbench (2024), an auxiliary temperature control heating module (2025) and a metal partition plate (2026); the X-direction electric modules (2021) are paired and fixed on the table top (303) in the middle, two ends of the transverse sliding plate (2022) are respectively matched with the corresponding X-direction electric modules (2021), the workbench (2024) is fixed in the middle of the transverse sliding plate (2022), the second ultrasonic vibrator assembly (2023) and the auxiliary temperature control heating module (2025) are respectively arranged below and above the upper layer plate of the workbench (2024), and the metal partition plate (2026) is in a nine-grid shape and partitions the auxiliary temperature control heating module (2025).
2. The laser micro-cladding method based on the gradient functional composite material ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding device of claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: preparation of a pre-sheet sample powder:
1) weighing graphite, electrolytic copper powder and iron powder, and performing gradient grouping according to different mass ratios of the graphite to the copper powder to obtain N groups of copper-based composite material powder, wherein N is more than or equal to 4;
2) weighing multilayer graphene, adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the multilayer graphene, performing ultrasonic dispersion, and uniformly dividing the multilayer graphene/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed solution into N parts;
3) respectively filling N groups of copper-based composite material powder into different ball milling tanks, pouring the uniformly-divided multilayer graphene/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed dispersion solution and acetone reagent, vacuumizing, performing wet ball milling by using a planetary ball mill, and performing vacuum drying to obtain N groups of preset sheet sample powder with different quality parameters, namely multilayer graphene/copper-based composite material dispersion strengthening powder;
step 2: preparation of a preset sheet sample:
1) flatly paving the cut plain woven carbon fiber cloth with the same size at the bottom of a die grid plate of a preset piece sample preparation assembly, respectively dividing powder of each group of preset piece samples into N parts, sequentially and respectively filling the N parts of powder into the die grid, and marking;
2) starting a first ultrasonic vibrator assembly at the bottom of the grid plate of the die, and uniformly spraying the mixed binder on the surface of the powder in the period, so that uniform spreading and semi-wet bonding of the powder can be realized simultaneously;
3) then, flatly paving the cut plain woven carbon fiber cloth with the same size above the powder material, setting parameters of a laser range finder according to the height of a prepared preset piece of sample, starting a linear motor to drive a vertical sliding plate, a layer plate and a T-shaped pressing plate assembly to synchronously move downwards, and enabling the bottom of the T-shaped pressing plate assembly to be in contact with the plain woven carbon fiber cloth on the upper layer and continuously press the plain woven carbon fiber cloth to a preset position and keep the plain woven carbon fiber cloth;
4) putting the die grid plate and the built-in preset piece sample into a vacuum drying oven for drying, cooling to normal temperature, demoulding, sampling and marking;
and step 3: carrying out ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a base material, and carrying out laser cleaning on the outer surface of the base material to remove an oxidation film, oil stains, impurities and water on the surface of the base material;
2) placing the treated substrate on the upper surface of the assembly auxiliary temperature control heating module, and coating high-temperature-resistant sealant on the edge of the contact surface of the substrate and the assembly auxiliary temperature control heating module; after the high-temperature-resistant sealant is solidified, starting a second ultrasonic vibrator assembly; the auxiliary temperature control heating module is used for providing constant temperature;
3) setting technological parameters of ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding, performing N-channel step-by-step laser micro-cladding experiments by using an ultrasonic-assisted laser micro-cladding device, superposing N groups of preset piece samples layer by layer, and scanning N channels by each layer of laser to obtain a high-thickness gradient functional composite material laser micro-cladding layer sample.
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| WO2023165106A1 (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2023-09-07 | 南京航空航天大学 | Ultrasound-assisted penetration and uniform forming device and method for freezing and printing liquid drop |
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