CN114799156A - Method for preparing carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material through metal 3D printing - Google Patents
Method for preparing carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material through metal 3D printing Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1084—Alloys containing non-metals by mechanical alloying (blending, milling)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of metal printing, and particularly provides a method for preparing a carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material through metal 3D printing. The method comprises the following steps: (1) taking carbon nano tubes, graphite powder, PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and a solvent, and carrying out vacuum ball milling to prepare a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; (2) carrying out vacuum ball milling on the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid and the aluminum-based powder, drying and filtering to prepare the carbon nanotube modified aluminum-based powder; (3) and (3) preparing the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite by taking the carbon nanotube modified powder and adopting a 3D printing method. By adopting the metal 3D printing method, the problems that the structure of the carbon nano tube is difficult to retain due to pressure casting, the generation of brittle phases such as aluminum carbon compounds and the like can be caused in the long-time sintering process of powder metallurgy, and the carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based composite material blank prepared by the powder metallurgy is easy to crack in the subsequent part production and the like in the prior art can be solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal 3D printing, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material through metal 3D printing.
Background
The aluminum-based material has the advantages of low density, corrosion resistance, good processing performance and the like. With the development of modern industries such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing and transportation, higher performance requirements are put on the specific strength, specific rigidity, wear resistance, heat resistance, fatigue resistance and the like of the materials.
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are the fifth allotrope of carbon found in 1991 in the laboratory by the japanese electron microscopy expert Iijima (the first four are graphite, diamond, buckyball and amorphous carbon, respectively). The carbon nanotube can be regarded as a geometric seamless graphite tube formed by rolling a single-layer graphite sheet or a plurality of layers of graphite sheets, each layer of the nanotube is a cylindrical surface formed by a hexagonal plane formed by completely bonding carbon atoms with 3 surrounding carbon atoms through an sp2 hybrid structure, and two ends of the nanotube are closed by a pentagonal or heptagonal combination. As a novel self-assembly monomolecular material, the carbon nano tube has extremely small scale and excellent mechanical property, theoretical calculation and results show that the Young modulus of the carbon nano tube is as high as 5TPa, the carbon nano tube is the same as that of diamond, the strength of the carbon nano tube is about 100 times that of steel, the density of the carbon nano tube is only 1/6 of steel, and the carbon nano tube is a material with the highest specific strength and specific stiffness at present, so that the carbon nano tube has good application prospect in the field of aluminum-based composite materials as a structural material with excellent performance which is internationally acknowledged at present.
However, the dispersion of the carbon nano tube in the aluminum matrix composite material and the infiltration between the carbon nano tube and the aluminum matrix are the practical problems in the development of the composite material, and in the prior art, the preparation method of the carbon nano tube aluminum matrix composite material mainly comprises a powder metallurgy method and a pressure casting method. The powder metallurgy method is the earliest process for preparing the metal matrix composite, the method is to evenly stir and mix the carbon nano tube and the aluminum powder, then ball milling, drying, compacting, sintering and the like are carried out, the method has the advantages that the carbon nano tube can be evenly distributed in an aluminum matrix, the content of the carbon nano tube can be accurately controlled, the degree of freedom is higher, and the defect is that the high temperature for a long time in the sintering process can cause the generation of carbon aluminum brittle compounds so as to reduce the material performance; the pressure casting method is one of the most common methods, the method is to add carbon nanotubes into molten liquid metal, when the carbon nanotubes with enhanced phase are slowly added into the liquid metal, a mechanical stirrer is used for stirring strongly, and the carbon nanotubes are pressed to be dispersed in a metal matrix by using the huge pressure formed by vortex, so as to achieve the purpose of dispersion, and prepare the carbon nanotube reinforced metal matrix composite material with uniform dispersion.
The metal 3D printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing technology, is a rapid prototyping technology that can design a composite structure of a material by using a powdered metal material and printing layer by layer on the basis of a digital model.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for preparing a carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing and a composite material thereof, aiming at solving the problems that in the prior art, the structure of a carbon nanotube is difficult to retain due to pressure casting, the formation of brittle phases such as aluminum-carbon compounds can be caused in the long-time sintering process of powder metallurgy, and the blank of the carbon nanotube modified aluminum matrix composite material prepared by powder metallurgy is easy to crack in the subsequent part production, and the like, and expanding the key technology of the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material based on the 3D printing technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: putting the carbon nano tube, graphite powder, PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and a solvent into a clean ball mill, vacuumizing and then carrying out ball milling to obtain a ball-milled product, namely carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; wherein the weight parts of the materials are as follows: 2-4 parts of carbon nano tube, 15-20 parts of graphite powder, 0.2-0.4 part of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and the balance of solvent; the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the materials is (3-5): 1, ball milling time is 30-60min, and ball milling rotating speed is 200-1500 rpm;
(2) preparing a carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder material: putting 1 part of carbon nanotube dispersion liquid and 1 part of aluminum-based powder into a clean ball mill according to the weight part ratio, performing ball milling after vacuumizing to obtain a ball-milled product, taking out the ball-milled product, drying, and then filtering to obtain the carbon nanotube modified aluminum-based powder with the carbon content of 1-3%; wherein the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the materials is (10-15): 1, ball milling time is 4-6h, and ball milling rotating speed is 200-1500 rpm;
(3) 3D printing of metal: adding the carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder obtained in the step (2) into a powder supply cylinder of a 3D printer to serve as a raw material, modeling the composite material to be printed by using three-dimensional software, and introducing the composite material into a computer control system to prepare the carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material by using a 3D printing method; the 3D printing method comprises the following process parameters: the thickness of the printing layer is set to be 30 mu m, high-purity argon is used as protective gas of the printing chamber, the oxygen content of the printing chamber is less than 500ppm, the circulating wind speed of the printing chamber is 1m/s, the scanning interval is 0.12-0.15mm, the laser power is 200-1250W, and the laser speed is 1000-1250 mm/s.
Further, in the step (1), the carbon nanotubes are multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and the particle size is 40-60 nm.
Further, in the step (1), the graphite powder is 3000 meshes and has a purity of 99.99%.
Further, in the step (1), the solvent is absolute ethyl alcohol.
Further, in the step (1), the degree of vacuum is 0.1X 10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa, the vacuum degree in the step (2) is 0.1X 10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa。
Further, in the step (1), the ball grinding balls are agate balls with the diameter of 5-25nm, and in the step (2), the ball grinding balls are zirconia balls with the diameter of 5-25 nm.
Further, in the step (2), the aluminum-based powder is high-purity metal aluminum powder, the purity is 99.9%, and the particle size is 15-53 μm.
Further, in the step (2), the filtering is screen filtering, and the mesh number of the screen is 200 meshes.
A carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is prepared by adopting the preparation method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method for preparing the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite by metal 3D printing comprises the steps of firstly preparing a carbon nanotube dispersion liquid, then preparing the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid and an aluminum matrix powder into a carbon nanotube modified aluminum matrix powder, and finally directly printing by using a metal 3D printing method to prepare the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite; by adopting the 3D printing method, the problems that the structure of the carbon nano tube is difficult to keep due to overlarge pressure and mechanical strong stirring of a pressure casting method, the hardness, the strength and other series of performances of the composite material are influenced due to the generation of brittle phases such as aluminum carbon compounds and the like caused by high temperature in a long-time sintering process of a powder metallurgy method, the carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based composite material blank prepared by powder metallurgy is easy to crack in the subsequent part production and the like in the prior art can be solved, and the research and development period and the research and development cost of the aluminum-based composite material can be greatly reduced.
(2) The carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material provided by the invention has reasonable components, effectively constructs the oriented three-dimensional structure of the composite material by adding the graphite powder on the basis of the carbon nano tube, reduces the interface thermal resistance between different layers, improves the organic compatibility of the carbon nano tube by adding PVP, is beneficial to the uniform dispersion of the carbon nano tube in an organic solvent, and further improves the heat-conducting property of the composite material.
(3) The carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material provided by the invention has excellent performance, and tests show that compared with the traditional aluminum alloy material, the aluminum-based composite material provided by the invention has higher hardness and heat dissipation performance, the normal phase thermal radiance of the aluminum-based composite material can reach 0.95, the normal phase thermal radiance is improved by more than 30% compared with the traditional aluminum alloy material, and the carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material has a higher application prospect in the field of miniaturization of electronic components.
(4) The preparation method for preparing the carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing has the advantages of cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, simple and mild conditions, no need of any special treatment process, suitability for process production and high economic value and practical value.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The raw materials of the reagent used in the invention can be purchased from commercial channels, and are cheap and easy to obtain.
Carbon nanotubes were purchased from the institute of sciences, china, organic chemistry, ltd;
graphite was purchased from the institute of Chinese academy of sciences organic chemistry, Inc.;
aluminum powder was purchased from Zhonghang Miteji powder metallurgy technology (Beijing) Ltd;
the absolute ethanol is purchased from Wuhan Sanhe Shunji chemical industry, Limited liability company;
the ball mill model QM-3SP4 was purchased from Nanda instruments Inc. of Nanjing.
Example 1
(1) Preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: putting the carbon nano tube, graphite powder, PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and absolute ethyl alcohol into a clean ball mill, vacuumizing and then carrying out ball milling to obtain a ball-milled product, namely carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; wherein the weight parts of the materials are as follows: 4 parts of carbon nanotubes (poly)Wall carbon nanotube with particle size of 40-60nm, 15 parts of graphite powder (3000 mesh, purity of 99.99%), 0.4 part of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and the balance of absolute ethyl alcohol; the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the materials is 5: 1, the ball milling time is 30-60min, the ball milling rotating speed is 1500rpm, and the vacuum degree is 0.1 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(2) Preparing a carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder material: taking 1 part of carbon nanotube dispersion liquid and 1 part of aluminum-based powder according to the proportion, putting the mixture into a clean ball mill, vacuumizing the ball mill, and then performing ball milling to obtain a ball-milled product, taking out the ball-milled product, drying the ball-milled product, and then filtering the ball-milled product to obtain the carbon nanotube modified aluminum-based powder with the carbon content of 3%; wherein, the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the materials is (10-15): 1, ball milling time is 4-6h, ball milling rotating speed is 250rpm, vacuum degree is 0.1 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(3) 3D printing of metal: adding the carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder obtained in the step (2) into a powder supply cylinder as a raw material, modeling the composite material to be printed by using three-dimensional software, and introducing the composite material into a computer control system to prepare the carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material by adopting a 3D printing method; the 3D printing method comprises the following processes: the thickness of the printing layer is set to be 30 mu m, high-purity argon is used as protective gas of the printing chamber, the oxygen content of the printing chamber is less than 500ppm, the circulating air speed of the printing chamber is 1m/s, the scanning interval is 0.12mm, the laser power is 250W, and the laser speed is 1250 mm/s.
Example 2
(1) Preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: putting the carbon nano tube, graphite powder, PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and absolute ethyl alcohol into a clean ball mill, vacuumizing and then carrying out ball milling to obtain a ball-milled product, namely carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; wherein the weight parts of the materials are as follows: 2 parts of carbon nanotubes (multi-walled carbon nanotubes, the particle size is 40-60nm), 20 parts of graphite powder (the mass fraction is 99.99%), 0.2 part of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and the balance of absolute ethyl alcohol; the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the materials is 3: 1, ball milling time is 30-60min, ball milling rotating speed is 1000rpm, vacuum degree is 0.1 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(2) Preparing a carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder material: according to the proportion, 1 part of carbon nano-material is takenPutting the tube dispersion liquid and 1 part of aluminum-based powder into a clean ball mill, vacuumizing, and then carrying out ball milling to obtain a ball-milled product, taking out the ball-milled product, drying, and then filtering to obtain the carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder with the carbon content of 2%; wherein, the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the materials is (10-15): 1, ball milling time is 4-6h, ball milling rotating speed is 250rpm, vacuum degree is 0.1 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(3) 3D printing of metal: adding the carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder obtained in the step (2) into a powder supply cylinder as a raw material, modeling the composite material to be printed by using three-dimensional software, and introducing the composite material into a computer control system to prepare the carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material by adopting a 3D printing method; the 3D printing method comprises the following processes: the thickness of the printing layer is set to be 30 mu m, high-purity argon is used as protective gas of the printing chamber, the oxygen content of the printing chamber is less than 500ppm, the circulating air speed of the printing chamber is 1m/s, the scanning interval is 0.15mm, the laser power is 300W, and the laser speed is 1100 mm/s.
Example 3
(1) Preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: putting the carbon nano tube, graphite powder, PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and absolute ethyl alcohol into a clean ball mill, vacuumizing and then carrying out ball milling to obtain a ball-milled product, namely carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; wherein the weight parts of the materials are as follows: 3 parts of carbon nanotubes (multi-walled carbon nanotubes, the particle size is 40-60nm), 18 parts of graphite powder (the mass fraction is 99.99%), 0.3 part of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and the balance of absolute ethyl alcohol; the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the materials is 4: 1, ball milling time is 30-60min, ball milling rotating speed is 1200rpm, vacuum degree is 0.1 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(2) Preparing a carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder material: taking 1 part of carbon nanotube dispersion liquid and 1 part of aluminum-based powder according to the proportion, putting the mixture into a clean ball mill, vacuumizing the ball mill, and then performing ball milling to obtain a ball-milled product, taking out the ball-milled product, drying the ball-milled product, and then filtering the ball-milled product to obtain the carbon nanotube modified aluminum-based powder with the carbon content of 1%; wherein, the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the materials is (10-15): 1, ball milling time is 4-6h, ball milling rotating speed is 250rpm, vacuum degree is 0.1 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(3) 3D printing of metal: adding the carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder obtained in the step (2) into a powder supply cylinder as a raw material, modeling the composite material to be printed by using three-dimensional software, and introducing the composite material into a computer control system to prepare the carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material by adopting a 3D printing method; the 3D printing method comprises the following processes: the thickness of the printing layer is set to be 30 mu m, high-purity argon is used as protective gas of the printing chamber, the oxygen content of the printing chamber is less than 500ppm, the circulating air speed of the printing chamber is 1m/s, the scanning interval is 0.12mm, the laser power is 300W, and the laser speed is 1250 mm/s.
Comparative example 1
(1) Preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: putting the carbon nano tube, PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and absolute ethyl alcohol into a clean ball mill, vacuumizing and then carrying out ball milling to obtain a ball-milled product, namely carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; wherein the weight parts of the materials are as follows: 4 parts of carbon nanotubes (multi-walled carbon nanotubes, the particle size is 40-60nm), 0.4 part of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and the balance of absolute ethyl alcohol; the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the materials is 5: 1, the ball milling time is 30-60min, the ball milling rotating speed is 1500rpm, and the vacuum degree is 0.1 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(2) Preparing a carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder material: taking 1 part of carbon nanotube dispersion liquid and 1 part of aluminum-based powder according to the proportion, putting the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid and the aluminum-based powder into a clean ball mill, vacuumizing the ball mill, and then performing ball milling to obtain a ball-milled product, taking out the ball-milled product, drying the ball-milled product, and then filtering the ball-milled product to obtain the carbon nanotube modified aluminum-based powder; wherein, the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the materials is (10-15): 1, ball milling time is 4-6h, ball milling rotating speed is 250rpm, vacuum degree is 0.1 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(3) Metal 3D printing: adding the carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder obtained in the step (2) into a powder supply cylinder as a raw material, modeling the composite material to be printed by using three-dimensional software, and introducing the composite material into a computer control system to prepare the carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material by adopting a 3D printing method; the 3D printing method comprises the following processes: the thickness of the printing layer is set to be 30 mu m, high-purity argon is used as protective gas of the printing chamber, the oxygen content of the printing chamber is less than 500ppm, the circulating air speed of the printing chamber is 1m/s, the scanning interval is 0.12mm, the laser power is 250W, and the laser speed is 1250 mm/s.
Comparative example 2
(1) Preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: putting the carbon nano tube, graphite powder and absolute ethyl alcohol into a clean ball mill, vacuumizing and then carrying out ball milling to obtain a ball milling product, namely carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; wherein the weight parts of the materials are as follows: 4 parts of carbon nanotubes (multi-walled carbon nanotubes, the particle size is 40-60nm), 15 parts of graphite powder (the specification is 3000 meshes, the purity is 99.99 percent), and the balance of absolute ethyl alcohol; the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the materials is 5: 1, the ball milling time is 30-60min, the ball milling rotating speed is 1500rpm, and the vacuum degree is 0.1 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(2) Preparing a carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder material: taking 1 part of carbon nanotube dispersion liquid and 1 part of aluminum-based powder according to the proportion, putting the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid and the aluminum-based powder into a clean ball mill, vacuumizing the ball mill, and then performing ball milling to obtain a ball-milled product, taking out the ball-milled product, drying the ball-milled product, and then filtering the ball-milled product to obtain the carbon nanotube modified aluminum-based powder; wherein, the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the materials is (10-15): 1, ball milling time is 4-6h, ball milling rotating speed is 250rpm, vacuum degree is 0.1 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(3) 3D printing of metal: adding the carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder obtained in the step (2) into a powder supply cylinder as a raw material, modeling the composite material to be printed by using three-dimensional software, and introducing the composite material into a computer control system to prepare the carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material by adopting a 3D printing method; the 3D printing method comprises the following processes: the thickness of the printing layer is set to be 30 mu m, high-purity argon is used as protective gas of the printing chamber, the oxygen content of the printing chamber is less than 500ppm, the circulating air speed of the printing chamber is 1m/s, the scanning interval is 0.12mm, the laser power is 250W, and the laser speed is 1250 mm/s.
Comparative example 3
(1) Preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: putting the carbon nano tube, graphite powder, PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and absolute ethyl alcohol into a clean ball mill, vacuumizing and then carrying out ball milling to obtain a ball-milled product, namely carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; wherein the weight parts of the materials are as follows: 4 parts of carbon nano-tubes (multi-wall carbon nano-tubes, the particle diameter is 40-60nm) and 5 parts of graphite powder (the specification is 3000 meshes, and the purity is 99).99%), 0.4 parts of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone), the balance being absolute ethanol; the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the materials is 5: 1, the ball milling time is 30-60min, the ball milling rotating speed is 1500rpm, and the vacuum degree is 0.1 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(2) Preparing a carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder material: taking 1 part of carbon nanotube dispersion liquid and 1 part of aluminum-based powder according to the proportion, putting the mixture into a clean ball mill, vacuumizing the ball mill, and then performing ball milling to obtain a ball-milled product, taking out the ball-milled product, drying the ball-milled product, and then filtering the ball-milled product to obtain the carbon nanotube modified aluminum-based powder with the carbon content of 3%; wherein, the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the materials is (10-15): 1, ball milling time is 4-6h, ball milling rotating speed is 250rpm, vacuum degree is 0.1 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa；
(3) 3D printing of metal: adding the carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder obtained in the step (2) into a powder supply cylinder as a raw material, modeling the composite material to be printed by using three-dimensional software, and introducing the composite material into a computer control system to prepare the carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material by adopting a 3D printing method; the 3D printing method comprises the following processes: the thickness of the printing layer is set to be 30 mu m, high-purity argon is used as protective gas of the printing chamber, the oxygen content of the printing chamber is less than 500ppm, the circulating air speed of the printing chamber is 1m/s, the scanning interval is 0.12mm, the laser power is 250W, and the laser speed is 1250 mm/s.
Test example 1
In order to test the properties of different aluminum-based composites, the carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum-based composites prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 and a common aluminum alloy material were subjected to a property test on a material sample according to the national standard, and the test results were recorded in table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance testing of different samples of carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composites
As can be seen from the data in table 1, compared with the conventional common aluminum alloy material, the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite provided in embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention has significantly improved phase emissivity, and most preferably, the phase emissivity can reach 0.95, and compared with the conventional common aluminum alloy material, the increase is up to 30%, which indicates that the present invention can significantly improve the heat conduction and heat dissipation performance of the conventional aluminum-based material, and has a higher application prospect in the field of miniaturization of electronic devices. Meanwhile, compared with the embodiment 1, the comparative example 1 is different in that graphite powder is not added, so that the thermal emissivity of the method phase is reduced, which shows that after the graphite powder is lacked, the carbon nanotube layer and the graphite layer cannot form an oriented three-dimensional structure, and the thermal resistance of interfaces between different layers is too large, so that the thermal conductivity of the composite material is influenced finally; compared with the example 1, the difference is that the thermal emissivity of the normal phase is obviously reduced because PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) is not added, which shows that PVP mainly plays a role in improving the organic compatibility of the carbon nanotube in the preparation process of the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum-based composite material, and the lack of PVP is not beneficial to the dispersion of the carbon nanotube in an organic solvent, thereby affecting the performance; and as can be seen by comparing the test data of the ratio 3 and the examples 1 to 3, the ratio of the amount of the carbon nanotubes to the amount of the graphite powder becomes 0.8 part: at 1 part, comparative example 3 provides a composite with poorer thermal conductivity than examples 1-3, which further verifies the rationality of the formulation of the material of the present invention.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing a carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a carbon nano tube dispersion liquid: putting the carbon nano tube, graphite powder, PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and a solvent into a clean ball mill, vacuumizing and then carrying out ball milling to obtain a ball-milled product, namely carbon nano tube dispersion liquid; wherein the weight parts of the materials are as follows: 2-4 parts of carbon nano tube, 15-20 parts of graphite powder, 0.2-0.4 part of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and the balance of solvent; the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the materials is (3-5): 1, ball milling time is 30-60min, and ball milling rotating speed is 200-1500 rpm;
(2) preparing a carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder material: putting 1 part of carbon nanotube dispersion liquid and 1 part of aluminum-based powder into a clean ball mill according to the weight part ratio, performing ball milling after vacuumizing to obtain a ball-milled product, taking out the ball-milled product, drying, and then filtering to obtain the carbon nanotube modified aluminum-based powder with the carbon content of 1-3%; wherein the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the materials is (10-15): 1, ball milling time is 4-6h, and ball milling rotating speed is 200-1500 rpm;
(3) 3D printing of metal: adding the carbon nano tube modified aluminum-based powder obtained in the step (2) into a powder supply cylinder of a 3D printer to serve as a raw material, modeling the composite material to be printed by using three-dimensional software, and introducing the composite material into a computer control system to prepare the carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material by using a 3D printing method; the 3D printing method comprises the following process parameters: the thickness of the printing layer is set to be 30 mu m, high-purity argon is used as protective gas of the printing chamber, the oxygen content of the printing chamber is less than 500ppm, the circulating wind speed of the printing chamber is 1m/s, the scanning interval is 0.12-0.15mm, the laser power is 200-1250W, and the laser speed is 1000-1250 mm/s.
2. The method for preparing the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the carbon nanotube is multi-walled carbon nanotube with a particle size of 40-60 nm.
3. The method for preparing the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the graphite powder is 3000-mesh graphite powder with a purity of 99.99%.
4. The method for preparing the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the solvent is absolute ethyl alcohol.
5. The method for preparing carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the vacuum degree is 0.1 x 10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa, the vacuum degree in the step (2) is 0.1X 10 -2 Pa-1.0×10 -2 Pa。
6. The method for preparing the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the ball grinding balls are agate balls with the diameter of 5-25nm, and in the step (2), the ball grinding balls are zirconia balls with the diameter of 5-25 nm.
7. The method for preparing the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the aluminum matrix material is high-purity metal aluminum powder with the purity of 99.9% and the particle size of 15-53 μm.
8. The method for preparing the carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by metal 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the filtering is screen filtering, and the mesh number of the screen is 200 meshes.
9. A carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum matrix composite characterized by being produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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