CN114794127A - 一种除草组合物 - Google Patents
一种除草组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114794127A CN114794127A CN202110127015.4A CN202110127015A CN114794127A CN 114794127 A CN114794127 A CN 114794127A CN 202110127015 A CN202110127015 A CN 202110127015A CN 114794127 A CN114794127 A CN 114794127A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/84—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms six-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,4
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种除草组合物,含有活性组分(A)丙炔氟草胺、(B)砜吡草唑和(C)异噁草松。所述活性组分(A)、活性组分(B)和活性组分(C)的重量配比为1~50:1~50:1~100。本发明还涉及所述除草组合物用于防治不希望的植物生长的用途。本发明的除草组合物特别适合杂草发芽前施用至土壤中以控制杂草的发芽或生长。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种除草组合物,其包含活性组分(A)丙炔氟草胺、(B) 砜吡草唑和(C)异噁草松。
背景技术
除草剂的长期使用导致除草剂对杂草敏感性的变化。通过提高除草剂的施用率来改善除草剂对耐受性或抗性杂草种类的防治效果往往并不令人满意。提高除草剂施用率的操作会降低除草剂的选择性,或即使在施用率较高时其除草效果也未见改善。
丙炔氟草胺(Flumioxazin)描述于EP170191C中,其结构式如式I。丙炔氟草胺就其除草性而言,并不是在所有方面都令人满意。
砜吡草唑(Pyroxasulfone),化学名称为:3-[5-(二氟甲氧基)-1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)吡唑-4-基甲基磺酰基]-4,5-二氢-5,5-二甲基-1,2-噁唑,化学结构式为:
砜吡草唑已经描述于EP1364946 和US20050256004中。砜吡草唑适合于在玉米、大豆、小麦和其它作物中出苗前防治一年生禾本科杂草和某些阔叶科杂草。
然而,在杂草防治中,例如对除草化合物的活性、活性谱、施用率、与有用作物的相容性等方面仍有改进的空间。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要提供对不希望的植物显示出增强的除草作用和/或与有用植物(尤其是作物)具有改进相容性的除草组合物。
本发明的目的尤其是要提供在显著降低的施用率下提供与单独化合物相当的杂草防治的除草组合物。
本发明的目的还在于要提供在与单独化合物的施用率相当的施用率下提供显著提高的杂草防治的除草组合物。
本发明提供一种除草组合物,含有活性组分
(A) 丙炔氟草胺
和
(B)砜吡草唑
和
(C)异噁草松。
本发明出乎意料的发现,活性组分(A)、活性组分(B)和活性组分(C)的组合以一种特别有利的方式共同作用。与各单个化合物可能的防治率相比,同时施用活性组分(A)、(B)和(C)或依次施用活性组分(A)、(B)和(C)得到了增强的杂草防治效果,该意料之外的效果是真正的协同效应,而不仅仅是活性的加和。
所述活性组分(A)、活性组分(B)和活性组分(C)的重量配比为1~50:1~50:1~100。
进一步的,所述活性组分(A)、活性组分(B)和活性组分(C)重量配比范围是1~25:1~25:1~50。
更进一步的,所述活性组分(A)、活性组分(B)和活性组分(C)重量配比范围是1~10:1~10:1~50。
更进一步的,活性组分(A)、活性组分(B)和活性组分(C)重量配比范围是1~5:1~10:1~20。
再进一步的,活性组分(A)、活性组分(B)和活性组分(C)重量配比范围是1~5:1~5:5~20。
本发明除草组合物特别适于在有用作物田中防治不希望的植物的生长。
不希望的植物包括禾本科和阔叶科杂草。例如:
大豆田杂草包括马唐属(Digitaria spp.)、稗属(Echinochloa spp.)、狗尾草属(Setaria spp.)、藜属(Chenopodium ppp.)、苋属(Amaranthus spp.);
甘蔗田杂草包括稗属(Echinochloa spp.)、马唐属(Digitaria spp.)、狗尾草属(Setaria spp.)、臂形草属(Brachiaria spp.)、地肤属(Kochia spp.)和苋属(Amarathusspp.)。
棉花田-杂草包括稗属(Echinochloa spp.)、千金子属Leptochloa spp.)、马唐属(Digitaria spp.)、苋属(Amaranthus spp.)、莎草属 (Cyperus spp.)、藜属(ChenopodiumL.)、苘麻属(Abutilon Miller)、狗尾草属(Setaria spp.)、慈姑属 (Sagittaria spp.)、龙葵属(Sloanum)、苋属(Amaranthus spp.)、穇属 ( Eleusine Gaertn.) 、醴肠属(Eclipta)等;
麦田杂草包括看麦娘属(Alopecurus species)、早熟禾属(Poa-species)、阿披拉草属(Apera-species)、 燕麦属(Avena spp.)、黑麦草属(Lolium-species)、雀麦属(Bromus-Species)、勿忘草属(Myosotis spp.)、猪殃殃属(Gallium spp.)、老鹳草属(Geranium spp.)、婆婆纳属(Veronica spp.)、堇菜属(Viola spp.)、野芝麻属(Lamiumspp.)、繁缕属(Stellaria spp.)、蓼属(Polygonum spp.)、Aethusa cynapum、羽衣草属(Alchemilla spp.)、地肤属(Kochia spp.)、母菊属(Matricaria spp.)、春黄菊属(Anthemis spp.)、罂粟属(Papaver spp.)、勿忘草属(Myosotis spp.)、荠属(Capsellaspp.)、藜属 (Chenopodium spp.);
稻田杂草包括稗属(Echinochloa spp.)、千金子属Leptochloa spp.)、马唐属(Digitaria spp.)、狗尾草属(Setaria spp.)、臂形草属(Brachiaria spp.)和鸭嘴草属(Ischeamum spp.)、雨久花属(Monochoria spp.)、母草属(Lindernia spp.)、丁香蓼属(Ludwigia spp.)、沟繁缕属(Elatine spp.)、藨草属(Scirpus spp.)、莎草属 (Cyperusspp.)、花蔺属(Butomus spp.)、节节菜属(Rotala spp.)、鸭跖草属(Commelina spp.)、天鹅绒叶属 (Limnocharis spp.)、尖瓣花属(Sphenoclea spp.)、慈姑属 (Sagittariaspp.)、三叶针草(Bidens pilosa)和飘拂草属 (Fimbristylis spp.);
玉米田杂草包括稗属(Echinochloa spp.)、马唐属(Digitaria spp.)、狗尾草属(Setaria spp.)、莎草属(Cyperus spp.)、地肤属(Kochia spp.)、母菊属(Matricariaspp.)、藜属(Chenopodium ppp.)、茄属(Solanum spp.)、蓼属(Polygonum spp.)、苋属(Amaranthus spp.);
特别地,本发明的除草组合物特别适于控制如下不希望的植物的发芽或生长:
苘麻( Abutilon theophrasti)、牛繁缕(Malachium aquaticum)、狗尾草(Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.)、铁苋菜(Acalypha australis L.)、香附子(Cyperusrotundus L.)、马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea L.)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus L.)、龙葵(Solanum nigrum)、苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum)、稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)、鸭舌草(Monochoria vaginalis)、节节草(Equisetum ramosissimum Desf)、鸭跖草(HerbaCommelinae)、千金子(Leptochloa chinensis)、野燕麦(Avena fatua L.)、黑麦草(Loliumperenne L.)。
本发明的除草组合物的用途并非限制于用于防治/控制上述这些杂草,也可以用于控制其它杂草。
因此,本发明的除草组合物显著降低了各单个化合物的施用浓度。而且对杂草具有更长效的控制时间。
本发明的除草组合物适合在有用植物中防除/控制不希望的植物的生长。本发明的除草组合物通常在如下作物中防除/控制不希望的植物生长。例如:
-禾谷类(小粒谷物)如小麦(Triticum aestivum)和小麦类作物如硬粒小麦(T.durum),一粒小麦(T. monococcum),二粒小麦(T. dicoccon),黑麦(Secale cereale),小黑麦(Tritiosecale),大麦(Hordeum vulgare);
-玉米(Zea mays);
-高粱(例如甜高粱(Sorghum bicolour));
-稻(稻属(Oryza)如水稻(Oryza sativa);
-甘蔗;
-豆类(Legumes (豆科(Fabaceae))),例如包括大豆(Glycine max.),花生(Arachis hypogaea)和豆类作物如豌豆(包括豌豆(Pisum sativum)、木豆和豇豆),菜豆(包括蚕豆(Vicia faba)、黑花豇豆属(Vigna)和黑色菜豆属(Phaseolus))以及扁豆(兵豆(lens culinaris var.));
-十字花科,例如包括卡诺拉(甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus)),油菜(Brassicanapus),卷心菜(B. oleracea var.), 芥菜如芥菜(B. juncea)、白菜(B.campestris)、塌棵菜(B. narinosa)、黑芥(B. nigra)和地中海野芫菁 (B.tournefortii);以及芫菁(Brassica rapa var.);
-其他阔叶作物,例如包括向日葵、棉花、亚麻、亚麻子、糖用甜菜、土豆和西红柿。
本发明的除草组合物尤其适合在小麦、大麦、黑麦、小黑麦、硬粒小麦、稻、玉米、甘蔗、高粱、大豆、豌豆、菜豆、扁豆、花生、向日葵、糖用甜菜、土豆、棉花、油菜、卡诺拉、芥菜、卷心菜、芜菁,草皮中防除/控制不希望的植物生长。
本发明的除草组合物特别优选的有用作物为玉米、大豆、花生、甘蔗、棉花、稻;再特别优选大豆作物。
本发明的除草组合物与单独化合物相比,维持或改善了杂草防治水平,同时在有用栽培作物中显示出更小的损害。
首先,本发明的除草组合物中,单一化合物的施用率得到降低,同时还保持良好的作用水平;其次,单一化合物在低施用率范围内从农业经济角度变得无效时,本发明的除草组合物实现了对杂草的高水平防治。
本发明的除草组合物显著地拓宽化合物对杂草的防治谱。本发明的除草组合,不仅在有用作物中保持对杂草的优异防治,还使得后茬作物具有更大的灵活性。
术语“杂草”和“不希望的植物”是影响有用作物植物的生长和品质的那些植物。
可以用于本发明除草组合物中的合适的安全剂在本领域是已知的。例如解草酮(benoxacor)、解草酯(cloquintocet(-mexyl))、解草胺腈(cyometrinil)、烯丙酰草胺(dichlormid)、o-苯基硫代磷酸o,o-二乙基酯(dietholate)、解草唑(fenchlorazole(-ethyl))、解草啶(fenclorim)、解草胺(flurazole)、氟草肟(fluxofenim)、解草噁唑(furilazole)、双苯噁唑酸(isoxadifen(-ethyl))、吡唑解草酯(mefenpyr(-diethyl))、甲基氨基甲酸4-氯苯基酯(mephenate)、萘二甲酸酐(naphthalic anhydride)、解草腈(oxabetrinil) , 2,2,5-三甲基-3-(二氯乙酰基)-1,3-噁唑烷、4-(二氯乙酰基)-1-氧杂-4-氮杂螺[4,5]癸烷及其可农用盐。
本发明的除草组合物特别优选的安全剂选自双苯噁唑酸、解草酮、吡唑解草酯、烯丙酰草胺、解草唑、解草啶、氟草肟、解草噁唑、o-苯基硫代磷酸o,o-二乙基酯(dietholate)。
安全剂可与活性成分(A)、(B)和(C)以成品制剂配制或以与所述除草组合物的桶混物的形式供给和使用。所述安全剂以解毒有效量使用,例如在经济上重要的作物或在果树种植园(种植园作物)中减少所用除草剂的植物毒性副作用。例如小麦、大麦、黑麦、小黑麦、燕麦、玉米、花生、大豆、棉花、甘蔗、马铃薯、稻作物。
本发明的除草组合物与安全剂的重量比通常取决于除草剂的施用率和所述安全剂的效果,并可在宽范围内变化,例如在90000∶1至1∶5000、优选在7000∶1至1∶1600、特别在3000∶1至1∶500范围内。
本发明的除草组合物可以配制为常规的配制剂形式。其配制剂形式可以是乳油、水悬浮剂、油悬浮剂、种子处理干粉剂、种子处理悬浮剂、水分散粒剂、可湿性粉剂、悬乳剂、烟雾剂、包衣颗粒剂、挤出颗粒剂、水乳剂、微囊悬浮剂、微囊悬浮-悬浮剂、干悬浮剂、超低容量液剂、静电油剂、凝胶、颗粒剂、微粒剂。
本发明所述的配制剂可以通过将活性组分(A)、(B)、(C)与液体稀释剂和/或固体稀释剂,和如果需要,表面活性剂如乳化剂和/或分散剂和/或起泡剂一起混合而制备。
适合的液体稀释剂包括水或有机溶剂。例如甲苯、二甲苯、环己烷、矿物油、植物油、丁醇、乙二醇、甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、水等。
适合的固体稀释剂是硅藻土、硅酸铝镁、活性白土、高岭土、粘土、石膏、膨润土、白炭黑、轻质碳酸钙、石灰石、木屑、玉米淀粉、可溶性淀粉等。
适合的乳化剂可为阴离子和/ 或非例子型乳化剂,例如烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚、苄基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、聚氧乙烯脂肪胺、烷基酚聚乙二醇醚等。
适合的分散剂可以为烷基萘磺酸盐、双(烷基)萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物、萘磺酸甲醛缩合物、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基磷酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚甲醛缩合物硫酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、蓖麻油环氧乙烷加成物、环氧乙烷- 环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛缩合物、辛基酚聚氧乙烯基醚硫酸盐和甲基纤维素。例如木质素磺酸钠、木质素磺酸钙、甲基萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物、萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物、亚甲基萘磺酸钠等。
本发明所述的配制剂,其含有活性组分(A)、(B)和(C),所述活性组分(A)、(B)和(C)的重量总共占所述除草组合物以重量计的1%-90%,优选5%-80%,更优选10%-60%,再优选10%-50%。
如果合适,本发明所述的除草组合物也可以存在其他添加组分,例如保护胶体、粘合剂、胶粘剂、增稠剂、防冻剂、消泡剂、触变剂、渗透剂、稳定剂、掩蔽剂、多价螯合剂、络合物形成剂。通常,所述的活性组分可以与常规用于制剂目的的任何固体或液体添加剂结合。
合适的增稠剂是多糖(例如黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素)、无机粘土(有机改性或未改性的)、聚羧酸盐和硅酸盐。
合适的防冻剂是乙二醇、丙二醇、尿素和甘油。
合适的消泡剂是聚硅氧烷、长链醇和脂肪酸盐。
合适的粘合剂是聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸酯以及纤维素醚。
本发明还提供一种控制杂草发芽或生长的方法,将本发明所述的除草组合物在杂草发芽前施用至土壤中以控制杂草的发芽或生长。
在杂草发芽之前将本发明所述的除草组合物施用于土壤表面,则完全防止杂草幼苗发芽,或者杂草生长至子叶期,但是然后其就停止生长,并最终在两周至四周之后完全死亡。
本发明还提供一种控制杂草的方法,包括将本发明所述的除草组合物施用于杂草发芽后的叶面以控制杂草发芽或生长。
本发明的除草组合物特别适合杂草发芽前施用至土壤中以控制杂草的发芽或生长。
本发明还提供一种控制杂草发芽或生长的方法,包括:(i)在杂草发芽之前;(ii)在杂草发芽之后;或(iii)在(i)和(ii)时,将除草有效量的本发明所述的除草组合物施用于所述杂草或其生长场所。
除草有效量指施用以防治/控制杂草的除草活性成分的量。
本发明所述的除草组合物可以通过使用本领域技术人员熟知的技术以常规方式施用。施用方法包括但不限于,施用至杂草或其生长场所,例如施用至植物临近的区域,以及出苗前、出苗后、叶面(散播、定向、带状、定点、机械、跃顶式或复育),以及通过手、背包、机械、拖拉机、或空中(飞机、直升机、无人机)施用方法。
本发明所述的除草组合物加可以加入到灌溉水中,通过使用地面或空中喷粉机、喷雾器、撒粒机施用到杂草或其生长场所。
施用类型以众所周知的方式取决于意欲的目的;在任何情况下该技术应确保本发明所述的除草组合物中的活性组分的最佳可能的被分布。
施用率可以在宽范围内变化,并且取决于土壤性质、施用方法(出苗前或出苗后等)、作物植物、要防治的杂草、流行的气候条件和受施用方法控制的其它因素、施用时间和靶标作物。本发明除草组合物活性组分通常可在10-2000g/ha ,优选100-500g/ha的量施用。
应用时,制剂可以是商品形式,如需要,以常规方式稀释,例如用水稀释可湿性粉剂、乳油、分散剂和水分散粒剂。
具体实施方式
生物测试例
方法:
按照试验设计将活性组分(A)、(B)、(C)分别用丙酮溶解配制单剂的母液,再用含0.1%的吐温-80的水溶液稀释至所需的浓度。
采用盆钵底部渗灌方式,使土壤完全湿润。将待测杂草种子分别播种于直径为20cm的塑料盆内,每盆播种20粒,覆土约2cm。第二天,将准备好的待测药剂采用小型喷雾器均匀地施用于土壤的表面, 并设清水对照;每处理3次重复。处理后将盆钵置于杂草培养室内。药后21d,称量地上部分的鲜重,分别计算鲜重防效。
鲜重防效(%)=(空白对照杂草鲜重-药剂处理杂草鲜重)/空白对照杂草鲜重 ×100
对三种除草活性成分的混施中显示的增效作用的评价是基于在“CalculationSynergistic and Antagonistic Response of Herbicide Combinations”(Weeds 15/1(1967),S.R.Colby)中描述的Colby’s方法确定的。
E0=A×B×C/ (100×(N-1))
N 为3;
A是当使用用量为m g/ha 或浓度为m ppm的活性组分(A)时, 杂草的存活率;表示为占未处理对照的百分率;
B是当使用用量为n g/ha或浓度为n ppm 的活性组分(B)时,杂草的存活率; 表示为占未处理对照的百分率;
C 是当使用用量为h g/ha或浓度为h ppm 的活性组分(C)时,杂草的存活率;表示为占未处理对照的百分率;
E0是当使用用量为m ,n, h g/ha 或浓度为m ,n ,h ppm 的活性化合物(A)、(B)和(C)时的理论杂草存活率;
如果实际观察的杂草存活率(E)小于理论杂草存活率(E0),那么该组合物超加和,即具有增效作用。
表1 对野燕麦的防效
表2 对稗草的防效
表3 对苍耳的防效
表4 对苘麻的防效
以上试验结果可以看出,活性组分(A)、(B)和(C)组合的除草效果明显较单独施用活性组分(A)、(B)或(C)更佳,具有明显的协同增效的效果。
Claims (13)
1.一种除草组合物,其特征在于,所述除草组合物包含活性组分
(A)丙炔氟草胺
和
(B)砜吡草唑
和
(C) 异噁草松。
2.根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述活性组分(A)、活性组分(B)和活性组分(C)的重量配比为1~50:1~50:1~100。
3.根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述活性组分(A)、活性组分(B)和活性组分(C)的重量配比为1~10:1~10:1~50。
4.根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述活性组分(A)、活性组分(B)和活性组分(C)的重量配比为1~5:1~10:1~20。
5.根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物,其特征在于,所述活性组分(A)、活性组分(B)和活性组分(C)的重量配比为1~5:1~5:5~20。
6.权利要求1所述的除草组合物用于防治不希望的植物生长中的用途。
7.权利要求1所述的除草组合物用于防治有用作物中不希望的植物生长。
8.根据权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于,所述有用作物选自小麦、大麦、黑麦、小黑麦、燕麦、玉米、花生、大豆、棉花、甘蔗、马铃薯、稻。
9.一种控制杂草发芽或生长的方法,其特征在于,将权利要求1所述的除草组合物施用至土壤中以控制杂草的发芽或生长。
10.一种控制杂草发芽或生长的方法,其特征在于,将权利要求1所述的除草组合物施用至杂草以控制杂草的发芽或生长。
11.一种控制杂草发芽或生长的方法,其特征在于,将权利要求1所述的除草组合物施用于杂草发芽前的土壤、杂草发芽后的叶面以控制杂草的发芽或生长。
12.一种控制杂草发芽或生长的方法,其特征在于,包括:(i)在杂草发芽之前;(ii)在杂草发芽之后;或(iii)在(i)和(ii)时,将权利要求1所述的除草组合物施用于杂草或其生长场所。
13.一种除草剂配制剂,其特征在于,包含如权利要求1所述的除草组合物和至少一种固体或液体稀释剂。
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