CN114793957A - Method for artificially inducing gynogenesis development Hemibarbus maculatus in large scale and application of gynogenesis Hemibarbus maculatus - Google Patents
Method for artificially inducing gynogenesis development Hemibarbus maculatus in large scale and application of gynogenesis Hemibarbus maculatus Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale artificial induction gynogenesis flower
The method comprises the following steps: first, selecting sexual mature male fancy carp and female flower
Artificial oxytocic is carried out, and then the fancy carp sperms and flowers which are subjected to ultraviolet inactivation are treated
Mixing ovum, stirring with feather to activate ovum, subjecting the activated ovum to cold shock treatment in yellow mud of 0-1 deg.C for 20-22min, sequentially subjecting to water of 4-6 deg.C, 8-10 deg.C and 15-18 deg.C for 1-2min, and subjecting to water temperature of 22-2 deg.CHatching in a hatching tank at 5 ℃, and obtaining the gynogenesis flower of the diploid after identification and screening
The cultivation method of the invention can reduce the damage of the rapid temperature rise to the fertilized eggs, improve the hatchability of the fertilized eggs and the survival rate of offspring, and effectively overcome the defect that the viable female nucleus developed flowers are difficult to obtain by the conventional method
Successful achievement of gynogenesis flowers
Group, fill up the flower
Blank in gynogenesis technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish culture, and particularly relates to an artificial large-scale induction gynogenesis flower
Method and gynogenesis flower
The use of (1).
Background
Gynogenesis is an important genetic breeding method and an effective way for quickly establishing a pure line, and the gynogenesis of 1-2 generations is equivalent to the continuous breeding of 8-10 generations of traditional inbreeding. Through gene purification, individuals carrying harmful genes are naturally eliminated in the gynogenesis process, so that gynogenesis offspring often show excellent characters of hypoxia resistance, strong stress resistance, fast growth speed and the like.
Flower (A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A
Commonly called as mochi, tympanopsis glauca, etc. Flower (A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A
The fish has tender meat, high meat yield and less thorn, and the content of protein and polyunsaturated fatty acid is higher than that of other carpology famous cultured fishes, so the fish has better health care function and is deeply loved by the consumers. Flower (A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A
And the fish is praised as 'four domestic fresh water delicious fish' together with black carp, weever (fresh water) and mandarin fish. Flower (A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A
The body of the patient is long, the front section of the patient is round and rod-shaped, the rear section of the patient is slightly flat, and the abdomen of the patient is round; the eyes are prominent. The head length is less than the body height and is 4.5 times of the diameter of eyes, and 1 row of mucous glands are arranged along the edge of the anterior orbital bone, the infraorbital bone and the anterior gill cover bone of the head; the length of the kisses is longer, the length of the kisses is less than or equal to the length of the retrobulbus, the lower part of the mouth, the shape of a horseshoe, the lower lip is undeveloped, and the two side leaves are narrow; the center of the jaw part is provided with a small triangular protrusion, and 1 pair of mouth whiskers are arranged; the body side and the back side are dark brown, a row of 10-12 black spots are arranged on the back side above the lateral line scales, a plurality of small irregular black spots are also arranged on the back and the tail fin, and the starting point of the back fin is obviously raised. The abdomen is white, and the pectoral fin, ventral fin and gluteal fin are grey white.
Due to the flower
Small size and relatively slow growth rate, which severely restricts flowers
The industrial development of (1). China flower
The breeding of the variety also has the outstanding problems of disordered seed source, self-breeding and autotrophy, germplasm degradation, single breeding mode, reduced breeding benefit and the like, and a batch of new varieties need to be created vigorously. The fish is the class with the largest number of species in vertebrates, and the life habits and reproductive characteristics of different fishes are greatly different. Thus, gynogenesis is of different fish is difficult. In some fishes, such as crucian carps, a large number of gynogenesis offspring can be easily obtained by using the traditional gynogenesis method. Flower and flower
As a characteristic fish in China, the characteristic fish is sensitive to oxygen content, has poor hypoxia resistance in the culture process, frequently dies due to insufficient oxygen supply in the transportation and culture processes, has great gynogenesis difficulty and has no gynogenesis flower
Successful reports that the excellent variety with strong hypoxia tolerance is still lack in the national range at present, so that the innovative breeding technology is developed and developed for flowers
The creation of new species is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the background technology and provide an artificial large-scale induction gynogenesis flower
Method and gynogenesis flower
The use of (1). The method effectively overcomes the defect that the conventional method is difficult to obtain the viable female hairFlower growing
Successful achievement of gynogenesis flowers
Group, fill up the flower
Blank in gynogenesis technology. Gynogenesis also has a "heterospermic effect". Inducing flower by using genetically inactivated heterogenous koi sperm
In fish, there may be DNA hybridization during induction. By microsatellite map experiments, we confirm that gynogenesis flowers
The genome contains a segment of koi. DNA fragment and flower of koi sperm
The DNA fragments of the genome are hybridized, and the biological characters, such as growth, stress resistance, body color and the like, can be influenced to a certain extent.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
artificial large-scale induction gynogenesis flower
The method comprises the following steps: first, selecting sexual mature male fancy carp and female flower
Artificial oxytocic is carried out, and then the fancy carp sperms and flowers which are subjected to ultraviolet inactivation are treated
Mixing ovum with featherStirring to activate ovum, placing the activated ovum in yellow mud of 0-1 deg.C for cold shock treatment for 20-22min, sequentially placing in water of 4-6 deg.C, 8-10 deg.C, 15-18 deg.C for 1-2min, placing in hatching tank with water temperature of 22-25 deg.C for hatching, and identifying and screening to obtain gynogenesis flower of diploid
。
During the hatching process of the fish fertilized eggs, the temperature changes sharply to cause the fish fertilized eggs to die in large quantity. In previous experiments, the activated ovum after cold shock treatment is directly transferred into water with the water temperature of 22-24 ℃, and a large amount of female nucleus growing flowers are not obtained without gradient heating treatment
After cold shock treatment, the activated eggs are subjected to gradient temperature rise, so that the hatching rate and the survival rate of fertilized eggs can be obviously improved. Meanwhile, the invention discovers flowers
The ovum has certain viscosity, and cold shock in yellow mud can remove viscosity between ovum and ovum, thereby enlarging the development of gynogenesis
Number of eggs, followed by running water hatching, to increase yield.
Preferably, the artificial induced spawning method specifically comprises the following steps: by injecting the female flowers once
Injecting, wherein the injection dosage is 400-500IU/Kg per tail according to chorionic gonadotropin, 6-8ug/Kg of lutein release hormone analogue and 1mg/Kg of diutanone; simultaneously injecting 3-4 male flowers
Fish preparationThe amount is half female dose; the injection dosage of male Cyprinus Carpio is 800-1000IU/Kg per tail according to chorionic gonadotropin, and the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue is 6-8 ug/Kg. Flower (A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A
Preferably selecting individuals with more than 2 years old, good development without disease state and obvious sexual maturity characteristics, and selecting individuals with more than two years old, good development without disease state and obvious sexual maturity characteristics from the fancy carp; flower (A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A
And putting the carp into a parent fish pond for artificial intensive culture for 3-4 months before artificial spawning induction.
Preferably, after the injection of the artificial induced spawning is finished, the male and female flowers are separated
Placing in the same spawning pond, every 10 female flowers
Putting 2 male flowers
(ii) a And (3) placing the male fancy carp into another spawning pond, fishing the male fancy carp after the artificial oxytocic injection is performed for 6-10h, diluting the male fancy carp by using Hank's solution after the sperm is extruded, performing ultraviolet inactivation, and performing artificial dry insemination.
Preferably, the flower
Injecting fresh running water into the parent fish pond to make flower alignment 20-30 days before induction of labor
And (5) ripening is performed.
Preferably, the temperature of the pond water is maintained at 22-25 ℃ when artificial spawning is performed.
Preferably, the ultraviolet inactivated koi sperm is obtained by the following method: slightly pressing the abdomen of the male koi to extrude the sperms from the cloaca, quickly diluting the sperms by using Hank's liquid precooled at 4 ℃ according to the volume ratio of 1:2-3 after the sperms are taken by a dry and clean container, then spreading the diluted sperms in a thin layer form in a culture dish precooled at 0-4 ℃, placing the culture dish on a shaking table padded with an ice plate, and irradiating the culture dish by using an ultraviolet lamp until the ultraviolet inactivated koi sperms with the inactivation degree of 70-80% are obtained.
More preferably, the specific operation of the ultraviolet lamp irradiation comprises the following steps: irradiating 2 ultraviolet lamps (15W) which can emit obvious ozone smell at a position 10-12cm away from sperms, dipping semen every 1-2min after irradiating for 15min, coating the semen on a glass slide, activating with water, performing microscopic examination to judge the activity of the semen, and stopping irradiation when 70-80% of sperms have obviously weakened motility to obtain ultraviolet inactivated koi sperms. During gynogenesis, the degree of sperm inactivation is closely related to the power of gynogenesis. Incomplete inactivation will produce hybrid progeny, and excessive inactivation will result in the inability of the sperm to activate the ovum to initiate development. Because sperm from different individual sources may be viable differently, the inactivation time is different. The invention adopts about 70 percent of sperm motility obviously weakened as a standard, and can improve the success rate of gynogenesis.
Preferably, the activation time of the ovum is 1-2 min.
Preferably, the fry hatched in the hatching tank is transferred into a pond for cultivation, and then is identified and screened by adopting a flow cytometry method, a blood cell DNA content detection method and a chromosome detection method, so that the DNA content and the chromosome number of the fry can be accurately obtained on the premise of not killing a sample.
Based on a general inventive concept, the invention also provides a gynogenesis flower obtained by the method
The use of said female nuclei for growing flowers
With common male flowers
Crossing to obtain improved flower
The progeny. The improved flower
The feed additive has the advantages of high growth speed, strong disease resistance, good stress resistance and the like, is suitable for single-culture and intercropping technologies, and can generate obvious economic benefit and social benefit with cultured fishes such as grass carp, white beetle and the like.
Flower (A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A
Has poor hypoxia tolerance, fussy induced spawning process and flowers
During the culture process of parents, the good gonad development can be ensured only by ensuring the sufficient oxygen content and food. The related flowers
The research of breeding is less, and the research of artificial gynogenesis is not reported. We found in the study that flowers
The fertilized eggs are sensitive to temperature change in the hatching process. The traditional gynogenesis method is adopted to develop gynogenesis flowers
That is, fertilized eggs are directly transferred into a hatching pond for hatching after cold shock treatment, the survival rate of offspring is 0 in multiple tests, and gynogenesis flowers are difficult to obtain
The progeny. The flower is heated by the gradient heating method provided by the invention
After the fertilized eggs are treated by cold shock, the temperature is gradually increased to the incubation temperature of 22-24 ℃ from the environment of 0 ℃, so that the damage of the fertilized eggs caused by the sharp temperature rise can be reduced, and the flowers are broken through
The bottleneck of artificial gynogenesis technology is that gynogenesis flowers are successfully obtained
The progeny. Meanwhile, in subsequent repeated tests, the effectiveness of the method is verified.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the breeding method of the invention adopts male fancy carp sperms as a stimulus to enable flowers to bloom
After the fertilized eggs are subjected to cold shock treatment, the temperature is gradually increased to the incubation temperature of 22-24 ℃ from the environment of 0 ℃, and the damage of the rapid temperature rise to the fertilized eggs can be reduced by combining the gradient temperature increasing method, so that the incubation rate and the offspring survival rate of the fertilized eggs are improved, and the defect that the viable female nucleus is difficult to obtain and develop flowers by the conventional method is effectively overcome
Successful achievement of gynogenesis flowers
Group, fill up the flower
Blank in gynogenesis technology.
2. The cultivation method of the invention adopts the flower and the allogenic sperm in the selection aspect
The hybridization cannot be formedThe sperm of the surviving offspring koi is subjected to genetic inactivation to stimulate the flower
The ovum development avoids the appearance of filial generation possibly existing in gynogenesis progeny due to incomplete inactivation of heterologous sperms, and greatly simplifies the detection difficulty of gynogenesis progeny.
3. The cultivation method of the present invention is to flower the female parent
In the process of artificial induced spawning, the same male flowers are simultaneously treated
Artificial oxytocic is carried out to stimulate the female and promote the female flower
The heat and the spawning of the eggs improve the quality of the eggs and develop the flowers for the subsequent gynogenesis
The success of the method provides important guarantee.
4. The cultivation method of the invention, the obtained gynogenesis flower
Has the characteristics of excellent characters, high survival rate, stable heredity and the like, and is a subsequent flower
The breeding of the excellent variety provides important germplasm resources; utilizing gynogenesis flowers with excellent characters
The secondary gynogenesis is expected to obtain gynogenesis flowers with various excellent characters
The strain is further developed into disease-resistant excellent varieties, which has important significance on aquaculture; moreover, the large-scale induction gynogenesis of 20-30 ten thousand ova can be simultaneously carried out, and the production efficiency is high.
5. The invention relates to the use of gynogenesis of flowers
With common male flowers
Mating to obtain improved flowers on a large scale
(ii) a The improved flower
Has the advantages of fast growth speed, strong disease resistance, good stress resistance and the like, is suitable for single-culture and intercropping technologies, is co-cultured with grass carp, white beetle and other cultures, and can generate obvious economic benefit and social benefit.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows a female nuclear hair-growing flower according to the present invention
A technical roadmap;
FIG. 2 shows a common flower of the present invention
A DNA content map;
FIG. 3 shows a female nuclear hair-growing flower according to the present invention
A DNA content map;
FIG. 4 shows a female nuclear hair-growing flower according to the present invention
Mitotic phase picture in mitosis (2 n-50);
FIG. 5 shows a common flower of the present invention
Metaphase picture of cell chromosomes;
FIG. 6 shows gynogenesis flowers
A microsatellite map.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the invention, the invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1:
artificial large-scale induction gynogenesis flower
Method of (1), gynogenesis of flowers
The technical route is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
1. artificial hastening parturition: selecting more than 2-year-old flowers with no morbidity, good development and obvious sexual maturity characteristics in 1-2 months per year
Placing male fancy carp with age more than two years, no morbidity, good development and obvious sexual maturity characteristics into parent fish pond for artificial intensive culture, and making flower pair
The proportion of natural baits fed by the intensive culture pond every day is not less than 70 percent of the total amount of the baits; in the middle and late ten days of 4 months, when the temperature of the pond water is stabilized between 22 and 24 ℃, the flowers are aligned
Artificial hastening parturition with fancy carp; 10-15 days before induced spawning, flowers are grown each time
Carrying out running water ripening; hasten parturition, female flower
The artificial induced spawning is carried out by adopting a one-time injection method, and the injection dosage is 400-500IU/Kg per tail according to chorionic gonadotropin, 6-8ug/Kg of lutein release hormone analogue and 1mg/Kg of diutanone. Simultaneously injecting 3-4 male flowers
Fish, the dosage is halved for female. The injection dosage of male Cyprinus Carpio is 800-1000IU/Kg per tail according to chorionic gonadotropin, and the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue is 6-8 ug/Kg. Injecting the male and female flowers
Putting into the same spawning pond stimulated by running water for spawning, wherein each 10 female flowers are ready for spawning
Putting 2 male flowers
Is favorable for stimulating female flowers
Estrus; the male koi is placed in another spawning pond with flowing water stimulation. After injection time of 16 hours, the female flowers were salvaged
And male koi.
2. Sperm inactivation: in anticipation of flowers
1-2h before spawning, starting taking the fancy carp sperms to carry out ultraviolet inactivation treatment; selecting male koi with good spawning inducing effect, slightly pressing the abdomen to extrude sperms from the cloaca, collecting the sperms by using a dry and clean 50mL conical-bottom centrifugal tube, quickly diluting the sperms by using Hank's solution pre-cooled at 4 ℃ according to the volume ratio of 1:2-3, flatly paving the diluted sperms in a culture dish pre-cooled at 4 ℃ in a thin layer form, then placing the culture dish on a shaking table padded with an ice plate, and carrying out irradiation treatment at a distance of 10cm by using an ultraviolet lamp; irradiating for 15min, dipping a small amount of semen every 1min, spreading on a glass slide, activating with water, determining activity under microscope, stopping irradiation when about 70% of sperm motility is obviously reduced to obtain ultraviolet inactivated Koi sperm, collecting, storing at 4 deg.C in dark for waiting for flower
Spawning.
3. Fertilization: male and female flowers
When the tail part is exposed out of the water surface and flapped after beginning chasing, the net is pulled to check the flower
Selecting female parent fish with smooth egg laying and high ovum quality, squeezing ovum into dry and cleanImmediately adding appropriate amount of genetically inactivated Koi sperm into a porcelain basin, rapidly stirring with clean feather, adding appropriate amount of normal temperature water, and stirring for 1-2min to activate ovum and start development.
4. Cold shock treatment: after activating the ovum, placing the ovum in pre-adjusted cold yellow mud with the temperature of 0 ℃ for cold shock treatment for 20 to 22min, then sequentially placing the ovum in water with the temperature of 4 to 6 ℃, the temperature of 8 to 10 ℃ and the temperature of 15 to 18 ℃ for treatment for 1 to 2min respectively, and then placing the ovum in an incubation tank for incubation with running water at the temperature of 22 to 24 ℃; meanwhile, a contrast test is set, after cold shock treatment, the fertilized eggs are directly placed in flowing water at the temperature of 22-24 ℃ for hatching, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: different treatment methods for gynogenesis and development of flowers
Effect of (1)
The invention also explores the influence of different shock temperatures and shock times on the fertilization rate, the hatching rate and the survival rate, and the results are shown in table 2. It can be understood from the following data that the fertilization rate, hatching rate and survival rate were the highest when the shock temperature was 4 ℃ and the shock time was 22 minutes.
Table 2: influence of different shock temperatures and shock times on fertilization rate, hatching rate and survival rate
Table 3: induced flower of different sperm
Fertilization rate, hatchability and survival rate of gynogenesisComparative analysis
| Stimulus source | Fertilization rate | Hatching rate | Survival rate |
| Red crucian carp sperm | 39.4％ | 30.6％ | 6.1％ |
| Cyprinus Carpio sperm | 32.7％ | 30.2％ | 6.7％ |
| Sperm of fancy carp | 39.8％ | 30.5％ | 8.5％ |
As shown in Table 3, the comparison of different sperm stimulation experiments shows that the highest sperm stimulation survival rate of koi is achieved under the same conditions.
5. Feeding: female nucleus growing flower
After the fry is hatched, after the fry appears the waist point and begins to swim horizontally, transferring the fry from the hatching tank into the pre-fertilizing tank
Is benthic fish, and can be fertilized by microorganism flora such as green algae) by sprinkling soybean milk for 2-3 times per day, and adding elodea nutans into the pond until fish fry grow into cun, and transferring into soil pond for feeding.
6. And (3) detection: when gynogenesis of flower
The shape of the flower is detected when the flower grows to 4-5 months old (gynogenesis flower)
The shape of the gynogenesis flower is shown in figure 1), and the ploidy detection is carried out by adopting a DNA content detection method and a tail fin cell chromosome number detection method to obtain the gynogenesis flower
。
Randomly selecting 15 gynogenesis flowers with age of 4-5 months
Detecting the external morphological characteristics of the plants, including dorsal fin rays, hip fin rays, lateral line scales, lateral line scale and lateral line scale, and comparing the external morphological characteristics with the flowers already in the literature
The profile data were compared and the results are shown in table 4 below.
Table 4: female nucleus growing flower
With common flowers
Countable trait comparison
The results showed that gynogenetic flowers
The offspring has smaller variation amplitude on the countable characters of side line scale, side line upper scale, side line lower scale and hip fin line, which shows that the offspring has stable heredity and excellent characters.
In addition, tests prove that the method can improve the hatchability of fertilized eggs and the survival rate of offspring.
At the same time, with common flowers
For reference, the female nuclei were stained by flow cytometry
The DNA content of the progeny erythrocytes was determined. The general steps of flow cytometry DNA assay are: about 0.lmL blood was collected from the caudal vein of a fish using a disposable syringe wetted with heparin sodium, 10ul was injected into an Eppendorf tube containing 0.49mL of 0.8% physiological saline, and 0.5mL of a DNA staining solution (DAPI, supplied by Partec GmbH, Germany) was added to the mixture of blood and physiological saline and left to stand in the dark to stain the sample for about 5 to 10 min: the samples were filtered through a 20 μm nylon filter (supplied by Partec GmbH, Germany) and tested on the machine. The measurement results are shown in fig. 2 and 3, respectively. Data analysis in the data sheet showed that flowers were common
Mean fluorescence intensity of DNA 65.80, control gynogenesis flower
The average fluorescence intensity of the DNA is 64.78, and the ratio of the average fluorescence intensity of the DNA to the average fluorescence intensity of the DNA is 1.02: 1, the DNA contents of the two are not obviously different, so that the gynogenesis flower can be preliminarily judged
With common flowers
The same is diploid fish.
Finally, detecting gynogenesis flowers by a fish tail fin cell method
The specific operation is as follows:
firstly, taking materials, namely preparing fish to be taken out outside a cell room, taking tissues needing primary culture into a centrifuge tube, spraying alcohol to bring the tissues into the cell room (the cell room needs to be signed in advance, opening ultraviolet before taking materials, putting the objects needing to be used into an ultraviolet table for at least 15 minutes, wrapping the objects with tinfoil if forceps are needed, putting the objects into a 180-degree sterilization box for sterilization, and then bringing the objects into the cell room), rinsing the tissues 6-7 times by PBS (with double antibodies), replacing an EP tube for rinsing 6-7 times, and finally leaving 300-fold PBS for clipping (with the amount of PBS for clipping can be determined according to the amount of the materials);
placing the centrifuge tube with the cut tissue into a centrifuge to centrifuge for 1000 min for 3min (the time is the time for tail fin, the rotating speed of muscle is higher, the centrifugation times are more, and the supernatant is discarded, and new PBS300-500ul is added to centrifuge for 2 times;
thirdly, after the centrifugation is finished, discarding the supernatant, adding 300ul fetal bovine serum FBS into the centrifuge tube, and standing;
taking a small dish, spreading a layer of gelatin which can be added by 700ul, fully spreading the bottom of the dish, sucking away the gelatin, uniformly spreading the tissue and fetal bovine serum on the small dish, and sucking away the FBS, wherein the gelatin can be recycled;
fifthly, putting the mixture into an incubator for 1 hour, and then adding a culture medium.
Preparing a chromosome suspension:
1. taking the cultured cells out of the cell chamber in an EP tube, transferring the cells into a 15ml centrifuge tube, centrifuging for 5-10min, discarding the supernatant, adding hypotonic solution, and adding the cell precipitate according to the appropriate amount.
2. Hypotonic for 1h-2h (different hypotonic time of different fish can be different), adding several drops of fixative, centrifuging for 5-10min, discarding supernatant, adding fixative (methanol: glacial acetic acid is 3: 1), or adding according to cell precipitation amount, placing into refrigerator at 4 deg.C for 1h, centrifuging, discarding supernatant, adding fixative, and fixing for 30min to obtain drop tablet.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the development of flowers in female nuclei is demonstrated
And common flower
Has 50 chromosomes.
FIG. 6 shows gynogenesis flower
Microsatellite maps (1-4 are koi, 5 represents pBR322DNA/Mspl Marker, and 6-11 are gynogenesis flowers)
12-15 is flower
The red arrow indicates the development of flowers in the female nucleus
The genetic material is from koi, and the blue arrow indicates that the genetic material is from the female parent flower
) The heterospermia effect means that in the gynogenesis process, the heterospermia can not only stimulate the development of ova, but also influence certain characters of filial generation, such as growth, adversity and the like of the filial generation. From this figure, it can be seen that: female nucleus growing flower
Has obvious heterospermia effect.
In conclusion, DNA content detection and tail fin cellsThe ploidy detection method of the cultured chromosome shows that the offspring obtained by the cultivation of the invention is diploid female nucleus developed flower
。
Example 2:
the present invention also provides the gynogenetic flower obtained in example 1
The application of (2), comprising the following steps:
gynogenetic flowers obtained in example 1 were used
With common male flowers
Crossing to obtain improved flower
The progeny.
The improved flower
The method has the advantages of high growth speed, strong disease resistance, good stress resistance and the like, is suitable for single culture and intercropping technologies, is co-cultured with cultured fishes such as grass carp, white beetle and the like, and can generate obvious economic benefit and social benefit.
Claims (10)
1. Artificial large-scale induction gynogenesis flower
The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: first, selecting sexual mature male fancy carp and female flower
Artificial oxytocic is carried out, and then the fancy carp sperms and flowers which are subjected to ultraviolet inactivation are treated
Mixing ovum, stirring with feather to activate ovum, cold shock treating the activated ovum in yellow mud of 0-1 deg.C for 20-22min, sequentially treating in water of 4-6 deg.C, 8-10 deg.C, 15-18 deg.C for 1-2min, incubating in incubation tank with water temperature of 22-25 deg.C, and identifying and screening to obtain gynogenesis flower of diploid
2. The artificial large-scale induction of female nuclear development flowers according to claim 1
The method is characterized in that the artificial induced spawning specifically comprises the following steps: by injecting the female flowers once
The injection is carried out, the injection dosage is 400-500IU/kg of chorionic gonadotropin, and the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A 2 6-8ug/kg and 1mg/kg of diutanone; simultaneously injecting 3-4 male flowers
Fish, the dosage is half of the female dosage; male Koi is injected with chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) at a dose of 800-1000IU/kg and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue at a dose of 6-8 ug/kg.
3. The artificial large scale induction of female nuclear hair-growing flowers according to claim 2
The method is characterized in that after the injection of the artificial induced spawning is finished, the male and female flowers are injected
Placing in the same spawning pond, every 10 female flowers
Putting 2 male flowers
And (3) placing the male fancy carp into another spawning pond, fishing the male fancy carp after the artificial oxytocic injection is performed for 6-10h, diluting the male fancy carp by using Hank's solution after the sperm is extruded, performing ultraviolet inactivation, and performing artificial dry insemination.
4. The artificial large scale induction of female nuclear hair-growing flowers according to claim 1
The method of (1), characterized in that the flower is
Injecting fresh running water into the parent fish pond for ripening 20-30 days before induced spawning.
5. The artificial large scale induction of female nuclear hair-growing flowers according to claim 1
The method is characterized in that the temperature of the pond water is maintained at 22-25 ℃ during artificial spawning.
6. The artificial large scale induction of female nuclear hair-growing flowers according to claim 1
The method is characterized in that the ultraviolet inactivated koi sperm is obtained by the following method: slightly pressing male Cyprinus Carpio abdomen to squeeze sperm out of cloaca, collecting with dry and clean container, and rapidly pre-cooling with 4 deg.C Hank' sDiluting the liquid according to the volume ratio of 1:2-3, then flatly paving the diluted liquid in a culture dish with precooling at 0-4 ℃ in a thin layer form, placing the culture dish on a shaking table on which an ice plate is placed, and irradiating the culture dish by using an ultraviolet lamp until the ultraviolet inactivated koi sperm with the inactivation degree of 70-80% is obtained.
7. The artificial large-scale induction of female nuclear development flowers according to claim 6
The method is characterized in that the specific operation of ultraviolet lamp irradiation comprises the following steps: irradiating with 2 ultraviolet lamps (15W) at a distance of 10-12cm from sperm, dipping semen every 1-2min after irradiating for 15min, coating on a glass slide, activating with water, microscopic examining to determine its activity, stopping irradiation when 70-80% sperm motility is reduced, and obtaining ultraviolet inactivated Koi sperm.
8. The artificial large-scale induction of female nuclear development flowers according to claim 1
The method of (1), wherein the activation time of the ovum is 1 to 2 min.
9. The artificial large scale induction of female nuclear hair-growing flowers according to claim 1
The method of (2), wherein said identification screening comprises the following steps: flow cytometry, blood cell DNA content assay, and chromosome assay.
10. A gynogenetic flower obtainable by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 9
The use of (a) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of,developing a flower using the female nucleus
With common male flowers
Crossing to obtain improved flower
The progeny.
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