CN114791699B - Hydrogen atomic clock atom trapping-storage time adjusting device, verification method and system - Google Patents
Hydrogen atomic clock atom trapping-storage time adjusting device, verification method and system Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
- G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
- G04F5/145—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks using Coherent Population Trapping
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Abstract
The application discloses hydrogen atomic clock atomic trapping-storage time adjusting device, verification method and system, including the hydrogen atomic clock, still include telescopic adjustment mechanism, adjustment mechanism and hydrogen atomic clock's bubble mouth intercommunication setting. The verification method comprises the following steps: based on atomic storage time T b Adjusting the ratio of L/a; l is the length of the atomic storage bubble entrance in the hydrogen atomic clock, and a is the radius of the atomic storage bubble entrance. The verification system comprises an adjusting device, a reference type hydrogen atomic clock, a frequency comparator and a terminal, wherein the adjusting device and the reference type hydrogen atomic clock are respectively and electrically connected with the frequency comparator, and the frequency comparator is also electrically connected with the terminal. According to the atomic storage device, under the condition that the volume of the atomic storage bubble is kept unchanged, the structural characteristics and the physical state of the cavity bubble of the hydrogen atom laser are not changed, a continuously adjustable valve mechanism is designed, the continuously adjustable design of the atomic storage time is realized, the reasonable atomic storage time is tested and verified, and the medium-long-term frequency stability of the hydrogen atom clock is optimized.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of hydrogen atomic clocks, and particularly relates to a hydrogen atomic clock atomic trapping-storage time adjusting device, a verification method and a system.
Background
The hydrogen atom laser realizes stimulated radiation amplification of electromagnetic field, and its self-sustaining signal has the characteristics of narrow spectral line, high signal-to-noise ratio, small radiation power and high frequency stability. From microwave atomic clocks to optical clocks, atomic (or ion) clocks often evolve with techniques to trap or manipulate atoms (or ions). The hydrogen atom laser adopts an atomic storage bubble technology to trap hydrogen atoms, and has the effect of enabling a certain number of effective hydrogen atoms with coherent transition to stay in a quartz storage bubble for a certain time, interacting with a radiation field and increasing stimulated emission energy. As with any precision spectroscopic experiment, the resolution is limited by the time of interaction of the detected particles with the radiation field. This time is determined by the size of the interaction region and the velocity of the particles being measured. As can be seen from fig. 1 (a), the population of atoms will traverse a microwave cavity of length l. The radiation seen by the atoms is as shown in figure 1 (b). The time the atom was irradiated is Δt=l/v. Fig. 1 (c) shows the fourier transform of the radiation. The line width of the radiation pulses perceived by atoms is inversely proportional to the interaction time. This is called a so-called transition broadening, which becomes smaller as the interaction time increases.
However, when the macroscopic object is in thermal equilibrium, the atomic numbers at each energy level follow the boltzmann distribution. Before the thermal equilibrium is reached, multiple interactions exist in the system, so that atoms can transition between different energy levels, and finally the equilibrium state is reached. The above interactions are called relaxation, interrupting the interaction of atoms with the radiation field, shortening the lifetime of the activated atoms and leading to shifts in transition frequency and line broadening.
The hydrogen atom laser realizes stimulated radiation amplification of electromagnetic field, and its self-sustaining signal has the characteristics of narrow spectral line, high signal-to-noise ratio, small radiation power and high frequency stability. The hydrogen atom laser forms an active hydrogen atomic clock by controlling a servo crystal oscillator through a phase-locked loop, and the active hydrogen atomic clock is widely applied to engineering projects and scientific experiments such as time conservation, navigation, and very long baseline interferometry as a stable time-frequency metering device.
The hydrogen atom laser uses hydrogen atom ground state hyperfine magneton energy level |F=1, m F ＝0>And |f=0, m F ＝0>For the transition energy level, the hydrogen atom laser has strict requirements on parameters such as relaxation of atoms, loss rate of microwave electromagnetic fields, atomic beam current and the like because single photon energy of the transition between the base state ultra-fine magneton energy level of the hydrogen atoms is weak. Hydrogen atoms undergo relaxation processes such as spin exchange collisions, wall collisions, non-uniform magnetic field relaxation, and the like in storage bubbles, with TE 011 The electromagnetic fields within the mode resonant cavity interact to form a continuous atomic transition self-oscillation, while causing multiple frequency shifts of the self-oscillating signal. At present, research on hydrogen atomic clocks at home and abroad comprises a new automatic tuning method of cavity frequency, a dual-selection beam optical system, a composite pump instead of an ion pump and the like, so that the stability can approach to the physical limit. Currently, the stability of active hydrogen atomic clocks in russia, swiss and united states can reach 2 (3) ×10 -16 And/day. There are also some works about the miniaturization of the bubble structure and the hydrogen atomic clock complete machine by using a dielectric loaded resonant cavity. However, the miniaturized cavity bubble structure is obviously accompanied by the reduction of the relaxation time of the transition oscillation of the atoms in the bubble, thereby leading to the reduction of the long-term stability performance of the hydrogen atomic clock.
On the basis of the existing resonant cavity level, storage bubble technology and other technologies, in order to enable the hydrogen atom laser to easily realize self-oscillation and maintain excellent frequency stability of self-oscillation, it is required to maintain a state in which the collision relaxation of atoms in an atom storage bubble is small (even if the density in the bubble is small), and this requires that the volumes V of the atom storage bubble and the resonant cavity be as large as possible. The volume of the resonant cavity of the hydrogen atom laser limits the volume of the peripheral vacuum, magnetic shielding and constant temperature structure, which is a direct reason for the relatively large volume of the hydrogen atomic clock.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the application is to provide a hydrogen atomic clock atom trapping-storage time adjusting device, a verification method and a system, comprehensively consider the characteristics of various relaxation factors of atoms and an aluminum alloy microwave resonant cavity, and under the condition that the volume of an atomic storage bubble is kept unchanged, the structural characteristics and the physical state of the cavity bubble of a hydrogen atomic laser are not changed, a continuously telescopic adjusting mechanism is designed, the continuously adjustable design of the atomic storage time is realized, the test verifies the reasonable atomic storage time, and the medium-long-term frequency stability of the hydrogen atomic clock is optimized.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application is realized by the following technical scheme:
this application on the one hand proposes hydrogen atomic clock atomic trapping-storage time adjusting device, including the hydrogen atomic clock, still include telescopic adjustment mechanism, adjustment mechanism with the bubble mouth intercommunication setting of hydrogen atomic clock.
Optionally, the hydrogen atomic clock atomic trapping-storing time adjusting device comprises an adjusting valve assembly and a telescopic tube, wherein one end of the telescopic tube is communicated with the adjusting valve assembly, and the other end of the telescopic tube is connected with the neck of the bubble opening.
Optionally, the hydrogen atomic clock atomic trapping-storing time adjusting device further comprises a connecting rod, and the adjusting valve assembly is communicated with one end of the telescopic pipe through the connecting rod.
Optionally, the hydrogen atomic clock atomic trapping-storing time adjusting device, wherein the telescopic tube comprises a bellows section.
Optionally, the hydrogen atomic clock atomic trapping-storing time adjusting device, wherein the telescopic tube further comprises at least one straight tube section connected with the corrugated tube section.
Optionally, the hydrogen atomic clock atomic trapping-storing time adjusting device is characterized in that the telescopic tube is of an integrally formed structure.
Optionally, the hydrogen atomic clock atomic trapping-storing time adjusting device is characterized in that the telescopic tube is made of polytetrafluoroethylene materials.
The application also provides a verification method based on the hydrogen atomic clock atomic trapping-storage time adjusting device, and the verification method comprises the following steps: based on atomic storage time T b Adjusting the ratio of L/a; wherein L is the length of an atomic storage bubble inlet and outlet in the hydrogen atomic clock, and a is the radius of the atomic storage bubble inlet and outlet.
Optionally, the verification method further includes: based on atomic storage time T b And acquiring a correction factor K, and adjusting the ratio of L/a based on the correction factor K.
Optionally, the verification method further includes: volume V based on atomic storage bubbles b Parallel speed of hydrogen atomsThe bubble aperture area S of the atomic storage bubble obtains the correction factor K.
Optionally, the verification method above, wherein the atomic storage time T b Volume V of atomic storage bubble b Proportional to the atomic storage time T b Inversely proportional to the bubble opening area S of the atomic storage bubble.
The utility model provides a still another aspect still provides a verification system based on above-mentioned hydrogen atomic clock atomic trapping-storage time adjusting device, wherein, includes adjusting device, reference type hydrogen atomic clock, frequency comparator and terminal, adjusting device the reference type hydrogen atomic clock respectively with the frequency comparator is connected, the frequency comparator still with the terminal is connected.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following technical effects:
according to the method, the characteristics of various relaxation factors of atoms and the characteristics of the microwave resonant cavity are comprehensively considered, the structural characteristics and the physical state of the cavity of the hydrogen atom laser are not changed under the condition that the volume of the atomic storage cavity is kept unchanged, a continuously telescopic adjusting mechanism is designed, the continuously adjustable design of the atomic storage time is realized, the continuous adjustable storage time is realized from 0.2s to 2.0s, the reasonable atomic storage time is tested and verified, and the medium-long-term frequency stability of the hydrogen atom clock is optimized.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, made with reference to the following drawings, in which:
fig. 1: schematic diagram of concept description of transition broadening;
fig. 2: the structure schematic diagram of the atomic trapping-storing time adjusting device of the hydrogen atomic clock in the embodiment of the application;
fig. 3: a structural schematic diagram of an adjusting mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4: in one embodiment of the present application, a graph of the relationship between the time of the source storage and the length of the bubble;
fig. 5: in one embodiment of the present application, a graph of the relationship between the time of atomic storage and the bubble radius;
fig. 6: a measurement graph of beam intensity versus signal gain;
fig. 7: the verification system structure schematic diagram of the atomic trapping-storage time adjusting device of the hydrogen atomic clock is provided;
fig. 8: in one embodiment of the present application, a change in the stability of 1000s over time in storage is determined.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment of the present application, the hydrogen atomic clock atomic trapping-storing time adjusting device includes a hydrogen atomic clock, and further includes a telescopic adjusting mechanism 9, where the adjusting mechanism 9 is disposed in communication with a bubble port of the hydrogen atomic clock.
In this embodiment, under the condition of keeping the volume of the atomic storage bubble unchanged, the structural characteristics and the physical state of the cavity bubble of the hydrogen atom laser are not changed, a continuously telescopic adjusting mechanism 9 is designed, the continuously adjustable design of the atomic storage time is realized, the continuous adjustable storage time is realized from 0.2s to 2.0s, the test verifies the reasonable atomic storage time, and the medium-long term frequency stability of the hydrogen atom clock is optimized.
As shown in fig. 2, the conventional hydrogen atomic clock is composed of main components such as an atomic beam source 1, a state selection magnet 2, an atomic storage bulb 5, a microwave resonant cavity 3, a C-field coil 4, a magnetic shield, a purifier 7, a hydrogen source 6, and a bell jar 8. Wherein the atomic beam source 1, the state selection magnet 2 and the atomic storage bulb 5 are positioned at 10 -6 Pa high vacuum, while microwave cavity 3 and magnetic shield are at 10 - 4 Pa high vacuum chamber, and they are all aligned on the same beam optical axis. The high vacuum is maintained by a compound pump consisting of an adsorption pump and a titanium ion pump.
Under the action of a high-frequency ionization source, hydrogen in the ionization bubble is ionized into hydrogen atoms, |F=1, m F ＝0，1>The hydrogen atoms of two magneton energy levels enter the atom storage bubble through a hexapole or quadrupolar state selection magnet. Atoms enter and escape the storage bubble through the same bubble port and stay there for a period of about 1s during which interaction with the electromagnetic field is completed. The walls of the atomic storage bubbles are thin, coated with 3 or 4 layers of teflon material, so that there is little probability of atoms being relaxed during collisions with the walls. The entire atomic storage bubble has only a minor effect on the mode and frequency of the resonant cavity. Unlike classical analysis methods of atomic ensembles interacting with electromagnetic fields in nuclear magnetic resonance theory, in hydrogen atomic clock theory, a density matrix is used to describe the atomic ensembles. The classical electromagnetic field equation is used for describing the electromagnetic field in the cavity, and the perturbation theory of the resonant cavity is used for describing the influence of cavity wall loss, coupling rings, atomic storage bubbles and atomic medium on the intrinsic mode of the resonant cavity.
The atomic numbers at each energy level follow the boltzmann distribution when the macroscopic object is in thermal equilibrium. Before the thermal equilibrium is reached, multiple interactions exist in the system, so that atoms can transition between different energy levels, and finally the equilibrium state is reached. The above interactions are called relaxation, interrupting the interaction of atoms with the radiation field, shortening the lifetime of the activated atoms and leading to shifts in transition frequency and line broadening.
A thin-walled quartz storage bulb placed in the center of the hydrogen atom laser resonator is used to store the high level atoms selected via the mode selection magnet. During the residence time in the bubble, the hydrogen atoms constantly collide with the walls of the bubble. The inner wall of the storage bubble is coated with polytetrafluoroethylene solution, and a layer of film is formed by sintering. The film forms a buffer layer between the hydrogen atoms and the bubble wall, prevents the hydrogen atoms from directly contacting the quartz glass, and keeps the hydrogen atoms in a high energy state for a long time, thereby prolonging the interaction time with the resonant cavity field and obtaining a high spectral line Ql. Of course, F-10 coating materials can also be used for the coating material, which produce a wall motion 10 times less than polytetrafluoroethylene.
As shown in fig. 3, the adjusting mechanism 9 includes an adjusting valve assembly 91 and a telescopic tube 92, one end of the telescopic tube 92 is disposed in communication with the adjusting valve assembly 91, and the other end of the telescopic tube 92 is connected with the mouthpiece neck. By arranging the telescopic pipe 92, the length L and the pipe radius a of the telescopic pipe 92 can be continuously adjusted under the adjusting action of the adjusting mechanism 9, so that the storage time is continuously adjustable from 0.6s to 1.4s, and the maximum value of the storage time is selected. Since the telescopic tube 92 is inserted into the neck of the bubble, the length L and the tube radius a of the telescopic tube 92 are also equal to the length L and the radius a of the atomic storage bubble entrance and exit, respectively, as described below.
The adjusting valve assembly 91 is preferably a high vacuum adjusting valve assembly, that is, the adjusting valve assembly 91 can realize the adjusting function and simultaneously ensure the high vacuum property and the sealing requirement of the hydrogen atomic clock.
Optionally, a link 93 is further included, and the adjusting valve assembly 91 is disposed in communication with one end of the telescopic tube 92 through the link 93. By the arrangement of the link 93, the convenience of adjustment of the adjustment mechanism 9 can be further improved.
Optionally, the telescoping tube 92 comprises a bellows section. Wherein the bellows segment can be stretched or compressed under the adjusting action of the adjusting valve assembly 91. Namely, by adjusting the adjusting mechanism 9, the L/a ratio can be adjusted, so that the storage time can be continuously adjusted from 0.2s to 2.0s, and the maximum value of the storage time can be selected.
Optionally, the telescoping tube 92 further comprises at least one straight tube section connected to the bellows section. That is, the bellows sections are connected to the straight tube sections, alternatively, or individually, to form the telescoping tube 92.
Optionally, the telescopic tube 92 is an integrally formed structure. The integrated structure is convenient for mass production and processing on one hand, is convenient for installation on the other hand and is difficult for generating faults and the like in the adjusting process.
Wherein the telescoping tube 92 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material.
The application also provides a verification method based on the hydrogen atomic clock atomic trapping-storage time adjusting device, and the verification method comprises the following steps: based on atomic storage time T b Adjusting the ratio of L/a; wherein L is the length of an atomic storage bubble inlet and outlet in the hydrogen atomic clock, and a is the radius of the atomic storage bubble inlet and outlet.
Optionally, the method further comprises: based on atomic storage time T b And acquiring a correction factor K, and adjusting the ratio of L/a based on the correction factor K.
Optionally, the method further comprises: volume V based on atomic storage bubbles b Parallel speed of hydrogen atomsThe bubble aperture area S of the atomic storage bubble obtains the correction factor K.
Specifically, the atomic storage time is determined by the atomic storage bubble geometry size V, L and a parameters). The process of discharging atoms through the inlet and outlet of the storage bubble is a complex process, the ratio L/a of the length of the inlet and outlet to the radius thereof is a very important quantity, and the atom storage time can be regulated by regulating the ratio L/a. When the length of the inlet and outlet is far smaller than the radius of the inlet and outlet, atoms can not return to the storage bubbles after colliding with the inner wall of the hole; when the length of the inlet and outlet is equal to the radius of the inlet and outlet, atoms possibly return to the storage bubbles after colliding with the inner wall of the hole. After the atomic storage time is determined according to the physical principle of the hydrogen atom laser, the length and the radius of the storage bubble inlet and outlet can be designed according to the theory of small hole leakage flow to realize the atomic storage time.
The number of atoms escaping from the storage blister port per unit time is:
k is the correction factor of orifice leakage. The quantitative relationship between K and L and a is:
K＝(1+3L/8a) -1 (2)
in the equilibrium state, the number of atoms entering the storage bubble and the number of atoms escaping from the bubble opening are equal in unit time, i.e. q=ζ, and n=qt b Therefore, the atomic storage time T can be obtained b Is calculated according to the formula:
the above deformation can be obtained:
wherein n=n/V b N is the atomic density in the storage bubble, N is the total number of atoms in the bubble, V b Representing the storage bubble volume;represents the flight speed of hydrogen atoms, < >>k is Boltzmann constant, T is thermodynamic temperature, m is mass of individual gas molecules (room temperature +.>)。
For a given atomic storage time T b And a storage bubble volume V b The K factor can be calculated from the above equation, and L/a of the storage bubble inlet and outlet can be calculated by substituting the K factor into equation (2), and L and a are designed accordingly. Atomic storage time T when using 2.7L storage bubbles b The relationship with L and a is shown in Table 1. From the above, the atomic storage time T b Volume of bubble V b Proportional and inversely proportional to the alveola area S. The storage time can be prolonged by increasing the bubble volume, decreasing the bubble opening radius or increasing the length of the storage bubble opening, and the atomic storage time T b The relationship with L and a is shown in fig. 4 and 5.
TABLE 1 atomic storage time T b Relationship to storage blister length L and radius a
The present application further provides a verification system based on the above-mentioned hydrogen atomic clock atomic trapping-storing time adjusting device, so as to measure and analyze performance indexes of the hydrogen atomic clock, where the verification system includes the adjusting device 10, the reference type hydrogen atomic clock 20, the frequency comparator 30 and the terminal 40, where the adjusting device 10 and the reference type hydrogen atomic clock 20 are respectively electrically connected with the frequency comparator 30, and the frequency comparator 30 is further electrically connected with the terminal 40, as shown in fig. 7, where the terminal 40 includes but is not limited to an intelligent control terminal such as a computer.
Optionally, the following is a detailed description of the principle of the influence of the atomic storage time on the frequency stability for performing measurement analysis on the performance index of the hydrogen atomic clock.
Aren deviation sigma y (tau) is used to characterize the frequency stability of a hydrogen atom laser, which is determined by the thermodynamic noise power KT, atom laserThe device power P and the transverse relaxation time T 2 (T 2 ＝2Q l /ω 0 ) The expression for the long-term stability in the hydrogen atomic clock is determined as follows:
increasing the atomic storage bubble volume generally increases the frequency stability of the hydrogen atomic clock and reduces the frequency drift rate. Qualitatively, when the atomic storage time and the storage bubble volume are unchanged, the atomic density n in the atomic storage bubble increases with the increase of the atomic beam current, and at the same time, the spin-exchange collision relaxation gamma of atoms is carried out ex Increasing with atomic density. When the atomic beam is small, gamma ex The total relaxation is not obviously increased, the atomic laser power is increased along with the increase of the atomic beam current, and the frequency stability index is better along with the increase of the beam current. When the atomic beam current increases to a certain value, gamma ex The total relaxation is increased more significantly, the frequency stability index starts to deteriorate as the beam current increases, and the atomic laser power also gradually becomes smaller. The beam intensity can be adjusted to achieve coordination of signal gain and collision relaxation by changing the decrease or increase of the nickel tube current to decrease or increase the hydrogen beam flow, and fig. 6 is a graph of the beam intensity versus signal gain measurements. Therefore, when an atomic storage bubble is increased, the atomic storage time or the atomic beam current should be appropriately increased in consideration of the atomic density level within the storage bubble and the collision relaxation between atoms. In practice, a suitable increase in the atomic shelf life of the hydrogen atom laser may result in a slightly better frequency stability than an increase in the atomic beam current. The smaller the atomic storage bubble, the shorter the atomic relaxation time, Q l The smaller the frequency stability, the worse. After the optimal atomic storage time is selected, the proper increase of the volume of the storage bubble is beneficial to improving the clock stability index of the hydrogen atoms.
The atomic storage time and the size of the atomic storage bubble and the atomic beam current determine the density of atoms within the storage bubble, thereby affecting spin-exchange collision relaxation and bubble wall collision relaxation. The ratio of atomic storage time to other relaxation times is suitable at 0.5. The corresponding spin-exchange collisional relaxation and bubble wall collisional relaxation can be calculated in consideration of different atomic storage times, and the influence of different atomic storage times on the frequency stability can be analyzed. Generally, when larger atomic storage bubbles are used, the atomic storage time should be increased appropriately. For the silver-coated aluminum alloy microwave resonant cavity, the volume of the storage bubble in the silver-coated aluminum alloy microwave resonant cavity is 2.7L, and the adjustment of the atomic storage time is realized by adjusting the bubble opening area and the length of the atomic inlet and outlet.
The measurement and analysis of the performance index of the hydrogen atomic clock will be specifically described below, and as shown in fig. 7, the active hydrogen atomic clock composed of the same hydrogen atomic laser and phase-locked receiver, i.e., the above-mentioned adjusting device 10, is closed-loop locked. The output 5MHz signal is connected with a 5MHz signal connection VCH-314 type frequency comparator 30 of a reference source VCH-1003M type hydrogen atomic clock 20 to carry out comparison test, the frequency stability (time length 1000 s) is measured, and a test connection diagram is shown in FIG. 5. By means of the adjusting mechanism 9, a continuously adjustable storage time is achieved. The intensity of the measuring beam is adjusted to change the gain of the signal, a telescopic adjusting mechanism 9 is adjusted to adjust the relaxation time, and the relation between the 1000s frequency stability index, the beam intensity and the storage time is verified.
When the beam intensity xi (the number of atoms entering the atom storage bubble per second) is 3×10 12 The storage time is about 1.1s, the stability of 1000s is best, and the storage time can reach 1.15X10 -15 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the beam intensity is 4 multiplied by 10 12 At a storage time of about 0.9s, a stability of 1000s is better than 1.05X10 -15 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the beam intensity is 5 multiplied by 10 12 At a storage time of about 0.8s, a stability of 1000s is better than 0.95×10 -15 . According to the analysis of the test data shown in fig. 6 and 8, in a certain flow interval range, the long-term stability trend of the 1000s frequency has better correlation with the beam intensity and the storage time, the stronger the beam intensity, the larger the signal gain and the better the 1000s stability; when the beam intensity is increased and the storage time is shorter, the relaxation time is relatively reduced, and the storage time is also reduced by 1000 seconds, so that the long-term stability is best. The principle part of the theoretical analysis of the influence of atomic storage time on frequency stability described above is well conformed.
The meter verifies a continuously telescopic regulating mechanism, and realizes the continuous regulation of the storage time from 0.6s to 1.4s under the condition that the internal vacuum environment and the cavity bubble structural characteristics of the hydrogen atom laser are not affected. At different beam intensities (beam atomic number is 3×10 respectively) 12 、4×10 12 、5×10 12 ) In the case, the test verifies the relationship between the storage time, i.e. the transverse and longitudinal relaxation time, and the atomic beam intensity, and the relationship between the 1000s frequency stability of different beam intensities and the storage time. The test verification is basically consistent with the theoretical calculation. The application measures the beam intensity (beam atomic number) to be 5 multiplied by 10 by comparing the frequency stability of 1000s under different beam intensities 12 The storage time is about 0.8s, and the frequency stability of 1000s is 0.95 multiplied by 10 -15 。
Theory and experiment show that the atomic storage time has obvious influence on the frequency stability, and in the miniaturization process of the hydrogen atom laser, the atomic storage time can be reasonably designed according to the size of the cavity bubble in order to achieve excellent long-term stability index.
In the description of the present application, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, not for limiting, and the present application is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solution of the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present application, and it is intended to cover within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The hydrogen atomic clock atomic trapping-storage time adjusting device comprises a hydrogen atomic clock and is characterized by further comprising a telescopic adjusting mechanism, wherein the adjusting mechanism is communicated with a bubble opening of the hydrogen atomic clock; wherein atoms enter and escape from the storage bubble through the same bubble port;
the adjusting mechanism comprises an adjusting valve assembly and a telescopic pipe, one end of the telescopic pipe is communicated with the adjusting valve assembly, and the other end of the telescopic pipe is connected with the neck of the bubble; the telescopic pipe is inserted into the bubble neck; the regulator valve assembly further comprises a connecting rod; the adjusting valve assembly is communicated with one end of the telescopic pipe through the connecting rod;
the telescopic pipe can realize stretching or compressing action under the adjusting action of the adjusting valve assembly.
2. The hydrogen atomic clock atomic trapping-storage time adjusting device according to claim 1, wherein the telescopic tube comprises a bellows section.
3. The hydrogen atomic clock atomic trapping-storage time adjusting device according to claim 1, wherein the telescopic tube further comprises a straight tube section.
4. A hydrogen atomic clock atomic trapping-storage time adjusting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said telescopic tube is of an integrally formed structure.
5. The hydrogen atomic clock atomic trapping-storage time adjusting device according to claim 4, wherein the telescopic tube is made of a polytetrafluoroethylene material.
6. A verification method based on a hydrogen atomic clock atomic trap-storage time-adjustment device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the verification method comprises: based on atomic storage timeT b Regulation ofL/aIs a ratio of (2); wherein,Lfor storing atoms in hydrogen atomic clocksThe length of the bubble port, a, is the radius of the atomic storage bubble port.
7. The authentication method of claim 6, further comprising: based on atomic storage timeT b Obtaining a correction factor K, adjusting based on the correction factor KL/aIs a ratio of (2).
8. The authentication method of claim 7, further comprising: based on the volume of atomic storage bubblesV b Parallel speed of hydrogen atomsThe bubble opening area S of the atomic storage bubble obtains a correction factor K.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the atomic storage timeT b Volume of atomic storage bubblesV b Proportional to atomic storage timeT b Inversely proportional to the bubble opening area S of the atomic storage bubble.
10. A verification system based on a hydrogen atomic clock atomic trap-storage time adjustment device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the adjustment device, a reference type hydrogen atomic clock, a frequency comparator and a terminal, wherein the adjustment device, the reference type hydrogen atomic clock are respectively connected with the frequency comparator, and the frequency comparator is also connected with the terminal.
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